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Ann Transl Med 2021 Apr;9(8):665

Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Background: Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the pattern of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA shedding has not been well characterized.

Methods: In our study, 652 patients in Wuhan Designated Hospital were recruited, and their clinical and laboratory findings were extracted and analyzed.

Results: The median duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection was 23 days [interquartile range (IQR), 18 days] from symptom onset. Read More

Nefrologia 2021 May 10. Epub 2021 May 10.

Unidad de Gestión Clínica Nefrología, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, España; Red Nacional de Investigación en Nefrología (REDinREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España.

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is an integral component of the chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Many factors have been associated with the development and progression of SHPT but the presence of skeletal or calcemic resistance to the action of PTH in CKD has often gone unnoticed. The term hyporesponsiveness to PTH is currently preferred and, in this chapter, we will not only review the scientific timeline but also some of the molecular mechanisms behind. Read More

J Cell Mol Med 2021 May 7. Epub 2021 May 7.

Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.

Extracellular vesicles (EV) function as messengers between endothelial cells (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Since chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the risk for vascular calcifications, we investigated whether EV derived from uraemic milieu-stimulated EC and derived from uraemic rats impact the osteogenic transdifferentiation/calcification of VSMC. For that purpose, human EC were treated with urea and indoxyl sulphate or left untreated. Read More

World J Transplant 2021 Apr;11(4):88-98

Imperial College Renal and Transplant Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom.

Live donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) is the optimal treatment modality for end stage renal disease (ESRD), enhancing patient and graft survival. Pre-emptive LDKT, prior to requirement for renal replacement therapy (RRT), provides further advantages, due to uraemia and dialysis avoidance. There are a number of potential barriers and opportunities to promoting pre-emptive LDKT. Read More

Toxicol Lett 2021 May 1;347:12-22. Epub 2021 May 1.

Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Electronic address:

p-Cresyl sulfate (PCS), indoxyl sulfate (IS), and inorganic phosphate (Pi) are uremic toxins found in chronic kidney disease (CKD) that are closely related to endothelial extracellular vesicles (EVs) formation. The present study aimed to understand the role of EVs and their role in cell adhesion and migration, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Human endothelial cells were treated with PCS, IS, and Pi in pre-established uremic and kinetic recommendations. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2021 14;8:675573. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

One year after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic it has become clear that some groups of individuals are at particular high risk of a complicated course of infection resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Two specific risk factors are most prominent, old age and the presence of co-morbidity. Recent studies have shown that patients with compromised renal function, especially those treated with renal replacement therapy or having received a kidney transplant are at a much higher risk for severe COVID infection and increased mortality. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2021 16;8:592602. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (Nephrology), San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.

Many putative uremic toxins-like indoxyl sulfate, p-cresol sulfate, kynurenic acid, uric acid, and CMPF-are organic anions. Both inter-organ and inter-organismal communication are involved. For example, the gut microbiome is the main source of indole, which, after modification by liver drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), becomes indoxyl sulfate. Read More

Ther Apher Dial 2021 Apr 29. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Department of Internal Medicine, Makay Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C.

Introduction: The characteristics in dialyzer is associated with mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) receiving hemodialysis (HD). This study is to investigate the effects of dialyzer membranes on 3-year mortality in ESRD patients.

Methods: From the long-term nationwide population database database. Read More

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021 Apr 26:105730. Epub 2021 Apr 26.

Centre of Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia; Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, 129a Edward Ford Building A27, NSW 2006, Australia; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia. Electronic address:

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a sustained reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and/or presence of albuminuria. People with CKD have adverse cardiovascular outcomes including stroke. CKD and stroke share several risk factors, most notably older age, diabetes and hypertension, but CKD is also an independent risk factor for stroke. Read More

Nutrients 2021 Apr 25;13(5). Epub 2021 Apr 25.

Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.

Poor vitamin D status is common in patients with impaired renal function and represents one main component of the complex scenario of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Therapeutic and dietary efforts to limit the consequences of uremia-associated vitamin D deficiency are a current hot topic for researchers and clinicians in the nephrology area. Evidence indicates that the low levels of vitamin D in patients with CKD stage above 4 (GFR < 15 mL/min) have a multifactorial origin, mainly related to uremic malnutrition, namely impaired gastrointestinal absorption, dietary restrictions (low-protein and low-phosphate diets), and proteinuria. Read More

Neurol Int 2021 Apr 15;13(2):166-174. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Translational Research on Endocrinology and Diabetes (TREAD), College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD 4811, Australia.

Background And Aims: Nerve conduction study (NCS) measures how fast an electrical impulse moves through the nerve and is a standard technique for diagnosing and assessing neurological diseases. Despite diabetes and obesity being a common accompaniment of peripheral neuropathy, their effects on NCS patterns have not been elucidated conclusively. Our study aimed to assess several anthropometric and metabolic factors with NCS outcomes to address this gap. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Apr 7;22(8). Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Health Science Department (DISSAL), Biostatistics Unit, Università di Genova, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genova, Italy.

Hirschsprung (HSCR) Associated Enterocolitis (HAEC) is a common life-threatening complication in HSCR. HAEC is suggested to be due to a loss of gut homeostasis caused by impairment of immune system, barrier defense, and microbiome, likely related to genetic causes. No gene has been claimed to contribute to HAEC occurrence, yet. Read More

Biology (Basel) 2021 Apr 3;10(4). Epub 2021 Apr 3.

Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.

A large animal model of (end-stage) kidney disease (ESKD) is needed for the preclinical testing of novel renal replacement therapies. This study aimed to create stable uremia via subtotal renal artery embolization in goats and induce a temporary further decline in kidney function by administration of gentamicin. Renal artery embolization was performed in five Dutch white goats by infusing polyvinyl alcohol particles in branches of the renal artery, aiming for the embolization of ~80% of one kidney and complete embolization of the contralateral kidney. Read More

Life (Basel) 2021 Apr 5;11(4). Epub 2021 Apr 5.

Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties-University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 127, 90127 Palermo, Italy.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite the kidney having no direct implications for lipoproteins metabolism, advanced CKD dyslipidemia is usually present in patients with CKD, and the frequent lipid and lipoprotein alterations occurring in these patients play a role of primary importance in the development of CVD. Although hypertriglyceridemia is the main disorder, a number of lipoprotein abnormalities occur in these patients. Read More

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021 Apr 26;34:102313. Epub 2021 Apr 26.

College of Software, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Signal Detection and Processing, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, Xinjiang, China.

Purpose: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a disease with a high morbidity rate that can develop into uraemia, resulting in a series of complications, such as dyspnoea, mental disorders, hypertension, and heart failure. CRF may be controlled clinically by drug intervention. Therefore, early diagnosis and control of the disease are of great significance for the treatment and prevention of chronic renal failure. Read More

Int Urol Nephrol 2021 Apr 29. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Academia Level 3, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.

Background And Aims: Individuals undergoing kidney biopsy are increasingly older and may have concurrent illnesses that cause deranged hematological and renal parameters that are associated with post-biopsy bleeding. We aimed to develop a clinical risk model to quantify bleeding risks in high-risk individuals with multiple risk factors.

Methods: Single-center retrospective cohort study of consecutive adults with serum creatinine ≥ 2 mg/dL (176 µmol/L) and had ultrasound-guided percutaneous native kidney biopsies between June 2011 and July 2015 in our tertiary referral center. Read More

Indian J Dermatol 2021 Jan-Feb;66(1):3-11

Department of Dermatology, KPC Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Skin serves as the mirror of underlying systemic problems. The early diagnosis of subtle cutaneous clinical pointers often helps in identifying renal disorders, obviating the delay in diagnosis and treatment. Cutaneous changes can be observed from the beginning of renal impairment until the evolution to terminal stage, in uremia, hemodialysis, and after kidney transplantation. Read More

BMC Nephrol 2021 Apr 28;22(1):156. Epub 2021 Apr 28.

Renal Research Initiative , Cape Coast, Ghana.

Background: Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is the commonest of the hereditary kidney diseases and mostly ensues in utero with signs delayed until after several decades. This study assessed the demographic, diagnostic (clinical and biochemical features) and therapeutic patterns among ADPKD patients who attended the nephrology unit of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) from 2007 to 2018.

Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective analysis of ADPKD patient records was conducted at the nephrology unit of KATH in October 2020. Read More

Blood Purif 2021 Apr 23:1-7. Epub 2021 Apr 23.

Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.

Background: In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), disease activity can persist even after initiating dialysis. However, guidelines for the treatment of patients with SLE after dialysis is initiated have not yet been established.

Case Presentation: We describe the case of a 54-year-old Japanese woman who was diagnosed with SLE at age 12, progressed to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and initiated hemodialysis for lupus nephritis. Read More

Ann Palliat Med 2021 Apr 9. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Department of Nephrology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.

Vascular calcification (VC) has been proved the main pathophysiology basis that results in the cardiovascular disease which become the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease. The disordered mineral metabolism, hyperphosphatemia, overuse of calcium binders, occurred in the setting of uremia, have become the critical risk factors of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease, in which the vascular smooth muscle cells undergo differentiation to osteoblast-like cells. The mechanisms involved in vascular calcification are complicated and exosomes, as novel players, are proven to play a vital role in VC and function as initializers for mineral deposition. Read More

Xenobiotica 2021 Jun 18;51(6):657-667. Epub 2021 Apr 18.

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.

Effects of cholecalciferol (VitD) and calcitriol (1,25-VitD), on the expression and function of major vitamin D metabolizing enzymes (cytochrome P450 [CYP]2R1, CYP24A1) and select drug transport pathways (P-gp, /OATP4C1) were evaluated in human kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells (hPTECs) under normal and uraemic serum conditions.hPTECs were incubated with 10% normal or uraemic serum for 24 h followed by treatment with 2% ethanol vehicle, or 100 and 240 nM doses of VitD, or 1,25-VitD for 6 days. The effects of treatment on mRNA and protein expression and functional activity of select CYP enzymes and transporters were assessedUnder uraemic serum, treatment with 1,25-VitD resulted in increased mRNA but decreased protein expression of CYP2R1. Read More

Eur J Clin Invest 2021 Apr 18:e13561. Epub 2021 Apr 18.

CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.

Background: Inflammation is a common feature in chronic kidney disease (CKD) that appears specifically associated with cardiovascular derangements in CKD patients. Observational studies have revealed a link between low Mg levels and inflammation. In this study, we hypothesize that Mg might have a modulatory effect on the inflammation induced under the uraemic milieu. Read More

J Int Med Res 2021 Apr;49(4):3000605211006952

Pediatric Surgery Department, Hôpital Mère-Enfant, University Hospital Centre of Limoges, 8 Avenue Dominique Larrey, Limoges, France.

We herein describe an 18-month-old boy who underwent initially successful surgical and antibiotic treatment of complicated appendicitis with postoperative occurrence of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). This complication was due to Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) found secondarily in rectal swabs but not in the peritoneal cavity. The literature indicates that a causal link may exist between these two entities, and HUS could be considered an iatrogenic complication of appendicitis management due to a multimodal stress effect in non-symptomatic STEC carriers. Read More

Minerva Med 2021 Apr 9. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China -

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Apr;100(14):e25136

Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangjin District Central Hospital, Chongqing, China, 402260.

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) decrease the rate of rebleeding following endoscopic hemostatic therapy in patients with bleeding peptic ulcers. This study compares the efficacy of oral omeprazole vs intravenous omeprazole in decrease of rebleeding of peptic ulcer patients.

Method: The present study was authorized by the local research ethics committee of Jiangjin District Central Hospital (2020120987) and informed consent was obtained from all patients. Read More

Perit Dial Int 2021 Apr 7:8968608211004683. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an important renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal diseases, which is limited by peritoneal neoangiogenesis leading to ultrafiltration failure (UFF). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors are key angiogenic factors involved in almost every step of peritoneal neoangiogenesis. Impaired mesothelial cells are the major sources of VEGF in the peritoneum. Read More

Nutrients 2021 Mar 16;13(3). Epub 2021 Mar 16.

Department of Nephrology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa", 700115 Iasi, Romania.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health burden, needing comprehensive management for preventing and delaying the progression to advanced CKD. The role of nutritional therapy as a strategy to slow CKD progression and uremia has been recommended for more than a century. Although a consistent body of evidence suggest a benefit of protein restriction therapy, patients' adherence and compliance have to be considered when prescribing nutritional therapy in advanced CKD patients. Read More

Toxins (Basel) 2021 03 31;13(4). Epub 2021 Mar 31.

Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland.

Numerous studies have indicated that the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is strictly associated with the accumulation of toxic metabolites in blood and other metabolic compartments. This accumulation was suggested to be related to enhanced generation of toxins from the dysbiotic microbiome accompanied by their reduced elimination by impaired kidneys. Intestinal microbiota play a key role in the accumulation of uremic toxins due to the fact that numerous uremic solutes are generated in the process of protein fermentation by colonic microbiota. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Mar 17;22(6). Epub 2021 Mar 17.

Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.

Red blood cells (RBCs) have been found to synthesize and release both nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), contributing to systemic NO bioavailability. These RBC functions resulted impaired in chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to evaluate whether predialysis (conservative therapy, CT) and dialysis (peritoneal dialysis, PD; hemodialysis, HD) therapies used during CKD progression may differently affect NO-synthetic pathway in RBCs. Read More