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BMJ Case Rep 2021 Mar 5;14(3). Epub 2021 Mar 5.

Pathology, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type II is a rare multisystem disorder resulting from the accumulation of breakdown products of glycosaminoglycans in the body tissues. Many patients with this disease undergo ENT (ear, nose and throat) surgeries such as adenotonsillectomy and tympanocentesis at a very early age, much before the diagnosis of MPS. Nasal polyposis is a rare occurrence, with only one case of MPS II with polyposis reported in the literature. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2021 Apr 21;143:110629. Epub 2021 Jan 21.

Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Research Institute, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, 14621, USA. Electronic address:

Objectives: About 10-15% children develop frequent acute otitis media (AOM) confirmed by tympanocentesis. These children are designated sOP (stringently defined otitis-prone) because all AOM episodes have been microbiologically confirmed. The cause of otitis-proneness in sOP children is multi-factorial, including frequent otopathogen nasopharyngeal (NP) colonization and deficiency in innate and adaptive immune responses. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020 Nov 9;138:110284. Epub 2020 Aug 9.

Unit of Otolaryngology, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy. Electronic address:

Background: In response to the coronavirus pandemic 2019 (COVID-19), Italy established the national school closings from March 5, 2020. It has been shown that during school closures, there are significant decreases in the diagnoses of the respiratory infections. This has brought as well to a reduction in all those symptoms related to adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Read More

Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020 12 13;16(12):3194-3200. Epub 2020 May 13.

Research Institute, Rochester General Hospital , Rochester, NY, USA.

Conserved () proteins, oligopeptide permease (Opp)A, hemagglutinin (Hag), outer membrane protein (OMP) CD, Pilin A clade 2 (PilA2), and Moraxella surface protein (Msp) 22 have been studied as vaccine candidates. Children who experience frequent acute otitis media (AOM) confirmed with pathogen identification by tympanocentesis are referred to as stringently-defined otitis prone (sOP). Synchrony of serum antibody responses against 5 proteins, OppA, Hag, OMP CD, PilA2, and Msp22 resulting from nasopharyngeal colonization and AOM was studied for 85 non-otitis prone (NOP) children and 34 sOP children. Read More

Vestn Otorinolaringol 2020 ;85(1):79-82

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Department of Otolaryngology of Pediatric Faculty, Moscow, Russia, 117997.

In this article, we present the analysis of the data of the specialized literature and the results of our own observations on the use of paracentesis in the treatment of acute suppurative otitis media. We highlight a method for diagnosing acute otitis media, which makes it possible to determine the rational algorithm of treating this disease - digital videootoscopy. Common methods of procedures aimed at draining the tympanum in acute purulent otitis media, such as tympanic membrane puncture, myringotomy, tympanostomy, tympanocentesis, and the differential approach to these methods of surgical treatment of the disease are discussed. Read More

J Infect 2020 06 20;80(6):614-622. Epub 2020 Mar 20.

Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester, NY. Electronic address:

Acute Otitis Media (AOM) is a multifactorial disease occurring mostly in young children who are immunologically naïve to AOM pathogens. This review focuses on work from Rochester NY, USA over the past 12 years among young children who had AOM infections microbiologically-confirmed by tympanocentesis, so called "stringently-defined". Among stringently-defined otitis prone children deficiencies in fundamental immune defense mechanisms have been identified that contribute to the propensity of young children to experience recurrent AOM. Read More

ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2020;82(3):130-138. Epub 2020 Jan 15.

Department of Otolaryngology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.

Background: At present more attention is paid to the treatment of secretory otitis media in children, but there is also a high incidence of adult patients. The etiology of secretory otitis media in adults is complex and related to many factors.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI)/Reflux Finding Score (RFS) and secretory otitis media in adults, and to explore further treatment methods. Read More

Clin Infect Dis 2021 03;72(5):797-805

Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester, New York, USA.

Background: Antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains may cause infections that fail to respond to antimicrobial therapy. Results reported from hospitalized patients with invasive, bacteremic infections may not be the same as those observed in a primary care setting where young children receive care for noninvasive infections. Young children experience the highest burden of pneumococcal disease. Read More

Front Genet 2019 19;10:1176. Epub 2019 Nov 19.

Center for Infectious Disease and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester, NY, United States.

Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most common pediatric infection for which antibiotics are prescribed in the United States. The role of the respiratory tract microbiome in pathogenesis and immune modulation of AOM remains unexplored. We sought to compare the nasopharyngeal (NP) microbiome of children 1 to 3 weeks prior to onset of AOM vs. Read More

Otol Neurotol 2020 03;41(3):339-344

Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Ostrava.

Objective: Balloon Eustachian tuboplasty (BET) appears to be a promising therapeutic option for Eustachian tube dysfunction. However, data are lacking on its effect in adults with chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) and whether it should be combined with tympanocentesis. The aim of our study was to determine if there is a beneficial effect of BET combined with tympanocentesis compared with BET only and provide data on the effect of BET in adults with COME. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019 Dec 31;127:109666. Epub 2019 Aug 31.

Nieklanska Children's Hospital, Pediatrics, Warsaw, Poland.

Background: Bacterial etiologic data for acute otitis media (AOM) otopathogens in Poland are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the bacterial etiology and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of otopathogens in children prior to the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV) into the national immunization program (NIP) in Poland.

Methods: Demographic and laboratory data of children < 5 years old who underwent tympanocentesis due to AOM in Nieklanska Hospital Warsaw between 2010 and 2016, were collected. Read More

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019 Mar;23(1 Suppl):44-47

Associazione Italiana Vie Aeree Superiori, Naples, Italy.

Objective: Adenoidectomy is a surgical procedure with potential adverse events. Effective nonsurgical therapy could reduce patient risk and harm. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of bacteriotherapy to reduce the necessity of adenoid surgery. Read More

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019 Jul 27;276(7):1889-1895. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.

Purpose: Some studies have demonstrated that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion (OME) in animal models. However, the levels of VEGF and its receptors in adult OME have not been clarified. Our study was designed to detect the levels of VEGF and its receptors in adult OME and explore their relationship with effusion types, duration and prognosis of OME. Read More

Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp 2019 Nov - Dec;70(6):373-375. Epub 2019 Mar 7.

Unidad de Terapéutica Hiperbárica, Hospital General Universitario de Castellón, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, España.

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018 Nov;32(22):1723-1727

Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ear Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.

To compare adenoidectomy combined tympanocentesis, CO₂ laser tympanostomy and grommet insertion in the treatment for secretory otitis media (SOM) in children, and to provide basis for selection of surgical treatments. Four hundred and twenty-six ears in 244 children with adenoid hypertrophy and SOM were divided into 3 groups which were: group A, 80 cases (142 ears) were treated with adenoidectomy combined with tympanocentesis; group B, 86 cases (145 ears) were treated with adenoidectomy combined with CO₂ laser tympanostomy; group C, 78 cases (139 ears) were treated with adenoidectomy combined with grommet insertion. Endotoscopy, tympanometry and PTA (or ABR) were conducted. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019 Apr 23;119:123-130. Epub 2019 Jan 23.

Division of Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel. Electronic address:

Objectives: To evaluate the epidemiology, microbiology, Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes distribution and serious bacterial infections (SBIs) occurrence in infants <2 months of age with tympanocentesis-documented acute otitis media (AOM), before and after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs).

Methods: The medical records of all hospitalized infants with AOM who underwent tympanocentesis during 2005-2014 were reviewed.

Results: Of the 303 infants with AOM who were diagnosed by an ENT specialist, 182 underwent tympanocentesis, 92 during 2005-2009 (prevaccine period) and 90 during 2010-2014 (postvaccine period). Read More

Vaccine 2019 01 26;37(1):1-6. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel. Electronic address:

Background: Complex otitis media (OM) may present with intact tympanic membrane or spontaneous otorrhea. We compared dynamics of intact tympanic membrane and spontaneous otorrhea OM following 7- and 13-valent conjugated vaccines (PCV7, PCV13) implementation, since differences in dynamics may imply different underlying mechanisms.

Methods: A prospective, population-based, active surveillance. Read More

Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2018 08 19;2(8):561-568. Epub 2018 Jun 19.

Pfizer Vaccines Clinical Research and Development, Collegeville, PA, USA.

Background: With wide use of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) for protection against acute otitis media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes included in the vaccine, efficacy testing for the 13-valent vaccine (PCV13) was not feasible. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of PCV13 in preventing acute otitis media caused by the six serotypes in PCV13 that were not in PCV7.

Methods: We did a longitudinal observational study in healthy children seen as outpatients in a private paediatric practice in Rochester, NY, USA. Read More

Am J Otolaryngol 2018 Nov - Dec;39(6):670-675. Epub 2018 Jun 22.

Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China. Electronic address:

Purpose: Adult chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) is characterized by Eustachian tube dysfunction and mucosal inflammation, which management has long been a challenge because of high recurrence. This study was to investigate the pathological changes of Eustachian tube mucosa and optimized treatment.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective study of four groups: I: tympanic paracentesis, II: balloon Eustachian tuboplasty (BET), III: BET plus tympanic paracentesis, IV: BET and tympanic paracentesis with methylprednisolone irrigation. Read More

J Pediatr 2018 06;197:56

Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital Cleveland, Ohio.

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017 Aug;31(15):1168-1173

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China.

To investigate the influencing factors of recurrent episodes of otitis media with effusion in children.A retrospective summary of the clinical data of 210 cases of children with otitis media with effusion, 75 cases of recurrence after treatment, 135 cases were recovered, the recurrence of the related factors and after symptomatic treatment effect is analyzed.Logistic regression analysis results found that adenoid hypertrophy (Ⅲ°, Ⅳ°), tonsil hypertrophy (Ⅳ°) and sinusitis (including choanal polyp), a positive allergens, upper respiratory tract infection, the stomach esophagus regurgitation, cleft palate, younger age has significant effect on recurrence of otitis media with effusion, have significant difference (< 0. Read More

Pediatr Infect Dis J 2018 06;37(6):598-604

From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Keio University, School of Medicine.

Background: Acute otitis media is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and antibiotic prescriptions. We examined etiologic changes in acute otitis media after introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine as routine immunization for Japanese children in 2014. Serotypes, resistance genotypes, antibiotic susceptibilities and multilocus sequence typing of pneumococcal isolates were also characterized. Read More

Pediatrics 2017 Sep 7;140(3). Epub 2017 Aug 7.

Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester, New York

Objectives: To study the epidemiology of acute otitis media (AOM), especially the otitis-prone condition, during the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines 7 and 13 era.

Methods: Six hundred and fifteen children were prospectively managed from 6 to 36 months of life during a 10-year time frame (June 2006-June 2016). All clinical diagnoses of AOM were confirmed by tympanocentesis and bacterial culture of middle ear fluid. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2017 Feb;96(6):e5974

Unidad de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Sótero del Rio, Puente Alto, Santiago, Chile Merck & Co, Sao Paulo, Brazil; at the time of the study Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Sao Paulo, Brazil GSK Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Bangalore, India GSK Buenos Aires, Argentina GSK Panama, Panamá.

The impact of bacterial conjugate vaccines on acute otitis media (AOM) is affected by several factors including population characteristics, bacterial etiology and vaccine conjugation method, carrier, and coverage. This study estimated the baseline etiology, distribution, and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial serotypes that causes AOM in children aged <5 years in a public setting in Santiago, Chile.Children aged ≥3 months and <5 years referred to the physician for treatment of AOM episodes (with an onset of symptoms <72 h) were enrolled between September 2009 and September 2010. Read More

Ear Nose Throat J 2017 Jan;96(1):20-28

Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer Sheva, Israel.

We conducted a retrospective chart review to characterize the outcomes of 12 patients-9 men and 3 women, aged 21 to 79 years (mean: 49)-who had been treated at our tertiary care center for acute bacterial meningitis caused by acute otitis media (ABMAO). Fever was the most common presenting sign/symptom, observed in 8 patients, followed by otalgia, neck stiffness, headache, and confusion. An opaque and bulging tympanic membrane was observed in 8 patients. Read More

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017 Jan;31(2):157-158

A young female complained left ear fullness for over three months. She has a history of tympanocentesis one year before. Nasal endoscopic inspection reported that left nose pharynx ministry is derived from the vegetations of eustachian tube. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2017 Jan 10;92:32-37. Epub 2016 Nov 10.

Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, EPE, Estrada IC-19, 2720-276, Amadora, Portugal. Electronic address:

Background: Acute mastoiditis (AM) is a suppurative infection of the mastoid air cells, representing the most frequent complication of acute otitis media. AM remains an important entity in children due to its potential complications and sequelae. We aim to describe the cases of AM admitted at our department, identify risk factors potentially associated with complications and analyse the changes in clinical approach of AM over time. Read More

Pediatr Infect Dis J 2017 03;36(3):274-281

From the *GSK Vaccines, Wavre, Belgium; †Association Clinique et Thérapeutique Infantile du Val de Marne (ACTIV), Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, CHI Créteil and UPEC, France; ‡Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, and §Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; ¶Unidad de Otorrinolaringologia, Hospital Dr Sotero del Rio, Puente Alto, Santiago, Chile; ‖Departamento de Infectologia, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría de la Secretaría de Salud (SSA), Mexico City, Mexico; **Otolaryngology Department, King Saud University & King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; ††ENT-Center, Prinzenweg 1, 82319 Starnberg, Germany; ‡‡Centros de Estudios Infectologia Pediatrica, Cali, Colombia; §§GSK Biologicals, Ciudad Panama, Panama; ¶¶Sección de ORL Pediátrica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; and ‖‖Otolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Background: Acute otitis media (AOM) is an important cause of childhood morbidity and antibiotic prescriptions. However, the relative importance of the well-known otopathogens, Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) and Haemophilus influenzae (Hflu), remains unclear because of a limited number of tympanocentesis-based studies that vary significantly in populations sampled, case definitions and heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use.

Methods: We conducted a pooled analysis of results from 10 AOM etiology studies of similar design, the protocols of which were derived from a common protocol and conducted in children 3 months to 5 years of age in different countries. Read More

Am J Epidemiol 2016 Nov 15;184(9):652-659. Epub 2016 Oct 15.

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have substantially reduced the burden of pneumococcal disease, including the incidence of otitis media (OM). However, in most countries, no surveillance exists to monitor the change in pneumococcal OM incidence after the introduction of PCVs. We explored whether measuring pneumococcal carriage was a useful surrogate for monitoring postvaccination changes in the incidence of pneumococcal OM. Read More