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J Nucl Med 2022 Jun 23. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany.

C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4)-targeted radioligand therapy (RLT) has already been applied to advanced blood cancers, such as multiple myeloma or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. We herein present a series of patients with advanced T-cell lymphoma (TCL), who were scheduled for CXCR4-directed therapy as conditioning regimen, followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Four patients with advanced, heavily pretreated and relapsed TCL (2 males, 2 females; median age, 50 years) without suitable alternative therapeutic options underwent CXCR4-directed PET and pretherapeutic dosimetry. Read More

J Clin Oncol 2022 Jun 15:JCO2102823. Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.

Purpose: The combination of venetoclax and 5-azacitidine (5-AZA) for older or unfit patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) improves remission rates and survival compared with 5-AZA alone. We hypothesized that the addition of venetoclax to cladribine (CLAD)/low-dose araC (low-dose cytarabine [LDAC]) alternating with 5-AZA backbone may further improve outcomes for older patients with newly diagnosed AML.

Methods: This is a phase II study investigating the combination of venetoclax and CLAD/LDAC alternating with venetoclax and 5-AZA in older (≥ 60 years) or unfit patients with newly diagnosed AML. Read More

Am J Hematol 2022 Jun 15. Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham.

Bispecific T cell engagers (TCE) derive from monoclonal antibodies and concomitantly engage a target on the surface of cancer cell and CD3 on the surface of T-cells. TCEs promote T cell activation and lysis of tumor cells. Most TCEs in development for multiple myeloma (MM) target the B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and differ among themselves in structure, pharmacokinetics, route and schedule of administration. Read More

Case Rep Oncol 2022 Jan-Apr;15(1):442-446. Epub 2022 Apr 22.

Indiana University Health Ball Memorial Hospital, Muncie, Indiana, USA.

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncologic emergency characterized by the destruction of tumor cells leading to an influx of large amounts of uric acid, potassium, and phosphorus into systemic circulation. It most often occurs after the initiation of cytotoxic therapy in high-grade lymphomas and leukemias; however, rarely it may occur spontaneously. The authors report a case of spontaneous tumor lysis causing electrolyte abnormalities and acute kidney injury in a patient with subsequently diagnosed large chronic lymphocytic leukemia tumor burden. Read More

Emerg Med Australas 2022 Jun 4. Epub 2022 Jun 4.

Emergency Department, Queen Elizabeth II Jubilee Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

J Hematol Oncol 2022 Jun 3;15(1):75. Epub 2022 Jun 3.

Department of Clinical Haematology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.

BH3-mimetics are a novel drug class of small molecule inhibitors of BCL2 family proteins which restore apoptosis in malignant cells. The only currently approved BH3-mimetic, the selective BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax, is highly efficacious in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and has rapidly advanced to an approved standard of care in frontline and relapsed disease in combination with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. In this context, tumour lysis syndrome and myelosuppression are the most commonly encountered toxicities and are readily manageable with established protocols. Read More

CA Cancer J Clin 2022 Jun 2. Epub 2022 Jun 2.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.

Patients with advanced cancer generate 4 million visits annually to emergency departments (EDs) and other dedicated, high-acuity oncology urgent care centers. Because of both the increasing complexity of systemic treatments overall and the higher rates of active therapy in the geriatric population, many patients experiencing acute decompensations are frail and acutely ill. This article comprehensively reviews the spectrum of oncologic emergencies and urgencies typically encountered in acute care settings. Read More

Cureus 2022 Apr 26;14(4):e24491. Epub 2022 Apr 26.

Emergency Medicine, Envision Physician Services, Plantation, USA.

We present a case of a 66-year-old male with a past history of newly diagnosed non-Hodgkin lymphoma, diabetes, and recent surgical splenectomy secondary to splenic infarct who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with several nonspecific symptoms that were consistent with tumor lysis syndrome. This case report discusses the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome. Read More

J Am Soc Nephrol 2022 06;33(6):1055-1057

Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana

Crit Care Nurse 2022 Jun;42(3):19-25

Elizabeth Mary Durfee is a pediatric acute care nurse practitioner at UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland, California.

Background: Tumor lysis syndrome is a life-threatening oncologic emergency in adult and pediatric patients with hematologic cancer. It occurs most often in malignancies with rapid cell turnover and large tumor burden, but its incidence has risen in solid tumors. The subsequent release of tumor cell contents into the bloodstream results in dangerous electrolyte and metabolic disturbances. Read More

Biomedicines 2022 Apr 28;10(5). Epub 2022 Apr 28.

Department of Nephrology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a common cause of acute kidney injury in patients with malignancies, and it is a frequent condition for which the nephrologist is consulted in the case of the hospitalized oncological patient. Recognizing the patients at risk of developing TLS is essential, and so is the prophylactic treatment. The initiation of treatment for TLS is a medical emergency that must be addressed in a multidisciplinary team (oncologist, nephrologist, critical care physician) in order to reduce the risk of death and that of chronic renal impairment. Read More

Cureus 2022 Apr 22;14(4):e24386. Epub 2022 Apr 22.

Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QAT.

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a hematological emergency. This syndrome is characterized by metabolic derangements such as hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia, which result from rapid lysis of cells, especially rapidly growing tumors, after the initiation of chemotherapy. It is rarely seen in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and has not been previously reported to be triggered by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Read More

Crit Care Nurs Q 2022 Jul-Sep 01;45(3):258-265

Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension (Drs Muaddi and Nashar) and Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine (Drs Muaddi, Ledgerwood, and Dumont and Ms Sheridan), Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Acute kidney injury or acute renal failure is commonly observed in the critically ill patient with hemodynamic compromise. Dialysis is frequently used in the intensive care units as part of the critical care management of metabolic derangements fluid status and electrolyte issues. It is imperative that the bedside critical care nurse is able to identify acute kidney injury and is familiar with the modalities used to manage the metabolic consequences of renal failure, particularly important as the bedside nurse is operating the continuous renal replacement machine at the bedside. Read More

Front Oncol 2022 2;12:885814. Epub 2022 May 2.

Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a life-threatening oncological emergency rarely seen in solid tumors and is a complication of cancer therapy for rapidly proliferating tumors with devastating outcomes. BRAF and KRAS are two key oncogenes in the MAPK signaling pathway that are routinely examined for mutations to predict resistance to anti-EGFR therapy. Concomitant KRAS and BRAF mutations in GI tumors are rare, occurring in less than 0. Read More

Cancer Treat Res 2022 ;183:287-315

Hays Documentation Specialists, LLC, San Mateo, CA, USA.

Bispecific antibodies are composed of two monoclonal antibodies that engage T cells with tumor cell antigens and lead to tumor cell lysis. The most common types fall into the category of bispecific T cell engagers, or BiTEs, that have the canonical CD3-CD19 bispecific construct. Blinatumomab is the first bispecific antibody that received FDA approval for relapsed refractory B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Read More

Eur J Haematol 2022 May 9. Epub 2022 May 9.

McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Background: Effective treatments for hematologic malignancies include therapies that target tyrosine kinase (TK) signaling pathways. Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncologic emergency that can occur due to rapid turnover following the initiation of treatments for hematologic malignancy. The incidence of TLS is under-reported and it is unclear as to whether TK inhibitors (TKIs) are associated with TLS. Read More

Case Rep Oncol 2022 Jan-Apr;15(1):277-284. Epub 2022 Mar 21.

Department of Hematology/Oncology, Rocky Mountain Regional VA, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Splenic rupture can be categorized into two groups: traumatic and atraumatic. Traumatic rupture is frequently associated with blunt abdominal trauma, while atraumatic splenic rupture (ASR) is more uncommon and has been associated with both benign and malignant hematological disorders. In general, most cases of splenic rupture are managed with splenectomy, which carries significant mortality and morbidity; more recently, splenic artery embolization (SAE) has become a mainstay of management particularly after traumatic rupture. Read More

Ann Oncol 2022 May 5. Epub 2022 May 5.

Laboratory of Biochemistry, University Hospital of Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne.

J Am Soc Nephrol 2022 06 6;33(6):1154-1171. Epub 2022 May 6.

Human Immunology and Immunopathology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 976, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France

Background: The pathophysiology of AKI during tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is not well understood due to the paucity of data. We aimed to decipher crystal-dependent and crystal-independent mechanisms of TLS-induced AKI.

Methods: Crystalluria, plasma cytokine levels, and extracellular histones levels were measured in two cohorts of patients with TLS. Read More

Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2022 Apr 29. Epub 2022 Apr 29.

Faculty of Medicine, "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, Hematology Department, Sibiu 550169, Romania.

Background: Substantial progress in the therapeutic arsenal used to treat acute myeloid leukemia became possible in the last decade, as a result of advances in gene editing and descriptive and functional genomics.

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the efficacy and safety of venetoclax in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.

Methods: A mini-review was achieved using the articles published in PubMed and Web of Science in the last year, prior to 05. Read More

Leuk Res 2022 06 25;117:106844. Epub 2022 Apr 25.

Div of Hematology/Oncology, Dept of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United Staes.

Venetoclax (Ven) in combination with azacitidine or decitabine (hypomethylating agent; HMA) is the standard-of-care treatment for older (≥75 years) or intensive chemotherapy ineligible adults with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) and infectious complications are two of the most concerning associated adverse events. We studied the real-world incidence and outcomes of these adverse events with HMA/Ven in AML patients. Read More

Adv Emerg Nurs J 2022 Apr-Jun 01;44(2):84-102

Ochsner Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport (Dr Barré); Atrium Health's Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina (Dr McElwee); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (Drs Calhoun, Maldonado, and Bell); and Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcome Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia (Dr Weant).

Patients with hematological malignancies, both treated and untreated, or solid tumors undergoing treatment are at risk of life-threatening complications, which may present in the emergency department (ED). Such emergencies are diverse in etiology and often require prompt treatment. Traditional complications, such as febrile neutropenia, have had recent guideline updates, which incorporate new evidence and a new validated risk stratification tool. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2022 Mar 11;101(10):e29040. Epub 2022 Mar 11.

Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, 102 Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, China.

Rationale: Tumor lysis syndrome is a potentially lethal condition caused by rapid cell death, releasing a high level of toxic cytokines. It is common in patients with hematological malignancy but rare in solid tumors.

Patient Concerns: A 64-year-old patient presented to our unit with a 17. Read More

Clin Case Rep 2022 Apr 14;10(4):e05735. Epub 2022 Apr 14.

Department of Hematology Chugoku Central Hospital of Japan Mutual Aid Association of Public School Teachers Fukuyama Japan.

Venetoclax is a promising new drug for relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, venetoclax use had not been reported in severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. We report the first case of relapsed CLL in a severe CKD patient that was successfully treated with venetoclax. Read More

Mol Cell Probes 2022 06 15;63:101817. Epub 2022 Apr 15.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran. Electronic address:

Natural killer (NK) cells seem to be the most common innate lymphocyte subtypes, and they're known for their ability to guide anti-tumor and anti-viral responses, making them potentially therapeutic. Since NK cells lack polymorphic clonotypic receptors, they must rely on inhibitory receptors to develop, mature, and distinguish between "self" and "non-self." In the clinic, genetically engineered immune cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that consists of an extracellular antigen recognizing domain connected to an intracellular signaling domain have gained interest. Read More

Br J Clin Pharmacol 2022 Apr 14. Epub 2022 Apr 14.

Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

Aims: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, the most common enzymopathy in humans, can cause acute haemolysis resulting from exposure to certain medications, chemicals, infections and fava beans. Rasburicase, used to manage elevated uric acid levels in the oncologic emergency of tumour lysis syndrome, is one such drug. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends testing of G6PD status prior to rasburicase administration for patients at higher risk for G6PD deficiency. Read More

Int Cancer Conf J 2022 Apr 24;11(2):97-103. Epub 2022 Jan 24.

Department of Gastroenterology, Soka Municipal Hospital, 2-21-1 Soka, Soka-shi, Saitama, 340-8560 Japan.

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a life-threatening oncological emergency. Only one TLS case has been reported in patients with esophageal cancer. We report the case of a 61-year-old man with recurrent spontaneous TLS caused by esophageal cancer. Read More

Br J Haematol 2022 Jul 5;198(1):62-72. Epub 2022 Apr 5.

Department of Lymphoma, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.

This single-arm, multicentre, phase I study is the first study of zanubrutinib, a potent, specific, irreversible Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, in Chinese patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies. The objectives were to evaluate safety and preliminary anti-tumour activity. Forty-four patients received zanubrutinib 320 mg once daily (QD) (n = 10) or 160 mg twice daily (BID) (n = 34) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Read More

Dis Mon 2022 Apr 1:101355. Epub 2022 Apr 1.

Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan. Electronic address:

Oncological emergencies are defined as an acute life-threatening event in a patient with a tumor occurring as part of their complex treatment regimen or secondarily to their underlying malignancy. These events can occur at any time from the initial diagnosis of their cancer to end-stage disease. These oncological emergencies are broadly classified into four major categories; metabolic, structural, hematological and treatment-related causes; and can be encountered in any clinical setting, ranging from primary care physician and emergency department visits to a variety of subspecialty environments. Read More

Intern Med 2022 Apr 2. Epub 2022 Apr 2.

Department of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Japan.

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a metabolic disorder caused by massive tumor lysis. Hypouricemic agents are administered to prevent TLS-related hyperuricemia and renal failure. We experienced three cases of urine xanthine crystals during TLS in patients with hematologic malignancies who received prophylactic febuxostat. Read More