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Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2021 Jun 24. Epub 2021 Jun 24.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.

Introduction: Despite the fact that endometrial ablation/resection is a very successful treatment for women with heavy menstrual bleeding, re-intervention with additional surgery is needed in 12-25% of the cases. Introducing a levonorgestrel-intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) immediately after ablation could preserve the integrity of the uterine cavity and suppress the regenerated or non-ablated endometrial tissue. Therefore, this combined treatment can perhaps lower the re-intervention rate. Read More

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021 May 25;263:1-6. Epub 2021 May 25.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, the Netherlands. Electronic address:

Objective: To analyze perioperative findings and complications in surgical removal of Essure® microinserts.

Study Design: A prospective cohort study of 274 patients who underwent surgical removal of Essure® microinserts. Outcomes of the surgical procedures and complications were entered into a digital case report form (CRF) by the surgeon and registered in an online database. Read More

Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021 Jun 8. Epub 2021 Jun 8.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI.

In the past, the reproductive freedom of African American women was hindered by forced reproduction and sterilization campaigns. Unfortunately, these involuntary practices have now mostly been replaced by inequality because of disproportionate tubal factor infertility rates within African American communities. Our work aimed to describe the inequities in increased rates of pelvic inflammatory disease and tubal factor infertility as it relates to African American women. Read More

Matern Child Health J 2021 May 10. Epub 2021 May 10.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH, 44109, USA.

Objectives: To examine recent rates of long-acting and permanent methods (LAPM) of contraception use during delivery hospitalization and correlates of their use.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study utilizing the 2012-2016 National Inpatient Sample of hospitalizations in the United States of America. The International Classification of Diseases, 9th and 10th Revision, Clinical Modification codes were used to identify deliveries, inpatient long-acting reversible contraception (IPP LARC), and postpartum tubal ligation (PPTL). Read More

Matern Child Health J 2021 May 4. Epub 2021 May 4.

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Albert Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, 5501 Old York Road, Philadelphia, PA, 19141, USA.

Objectives: To describe understanding of the irreversible nature of permanent contraception and knowledge and attitudes about long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) among individuals seeking and not seeking permanent contraception.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional survey among patients with Medicaid insurance attending an obstetrics and gynecology clinic in [location]. The survey consisted of 20 true/false and Likert questions assessing knowledge and perceptions about permanent contraception and LARC. Read More

Clin Case Rep 2021 Apr 27;9(4):2125-2128. Epub 2021 Feb 27.

Watford General Hospital Watford UK.

Although rare, pregnancy can still occur after both tubal sterilization and endometrial ablation. The resulting pregnancy is often complicated by ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, and adherent placenta. Endometrial ablation is not a contraceptive. Read More

Reprod Biomed Online 2021 Jun 31;42(6):1203-1210. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago Illinois, USA.

Research Question: How do anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations in women with and without arthritis compare? Is there an association between AMH and arthritis drug regimen?

Design: In this prospective cohort study, AMH was measured at two time points (T and T) in 129 premenopausal women with arthritis. AMH at T was compared with that from a bank of serum samples from 198 premenopausal women without arthritis. Primary outcomes were: (i) diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) (AMH <1. Read More

JSLS 2021 Jan-Mar;25(1)

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.

Background And Objectives: Examine trends in opioid prescriptions after laparoscopic sterilization over time, and identify any individual patient, provider, or procedural factors influencing prescribing.

Methods: A retrospective observational cohort analysis of laparoscopic sterilizations between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2019 at Montefiore Medical Center. A review of the medical records was performed and information on patient demographics, comorbid conditions, and surgical characteristics were collected. Read More

Fertil Steril 2021 Jun 18;115(6):1365-1368. Epub 2021 Apr 18.

Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.

Except for condom use, vasectomy is the only approved form of male contraception. The American Urological Association published guidelines on vasectomy in 2012, which clearly outlined patient counseling, vasectomy techniques to maximize successful occlusion, and postvasectomy care. However, there are certainly areas of further improvement to be addressed. Read More

Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021 Mar 31. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

The University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, UC Health, Cincinnati, OH.

Background: Opportunistic salpingectomy at the time of hysterectomy or as an alternative to bilateral tubal ligation may reduce the incidence of ovarian cancer, because it has been demonstrated that most serous ovarian cancers begin in the fallopian tubes. However, salpingectomy at the time of sterilization is not always financially covered by third-party payers, and this represents a barrier to adoption. Routine salpingectomy has become more common but is not always practiced at the time of hysterectomy. Read More

Urologe A 2021 Apr 18;60(4):523-532. Epub 2021 Mar 18.

Klinik für Urologie und Urochirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland.

Vasectomy is considered to be the simplest, most effective and cheapest method of fertility control in men, with a significantly lower risk of morbidity and mortality compared to tubal ligation in women. Patient informed consent is particularly important and should include potential irreversibility, surgical options, anesthesia, possible complications as well as postoperative behavior and the need for re-evaluation. There are different access routes available with conventional and no-scalpel vasectomy as well as different techniques for closing the ends of the vas deferens. Read More

Health Qual Life Outcomes 2021 Mar 17;19(1):89. Epub 2021 Mar 17.

Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Tubal ligation, as a permanent contraception method, have a negative and positive impact on women's life. This study aimed to test a conceptual model considering the interrelated role of menorrhagia, body image concern, self-esteem, sexual function, anxiety and depression on quality of life (QOL) of sterilized women.

Methods: The current study was conducted as a cross-sectional study on 200 sterilized women. Read More

Fertil Steril 2021 Mar;115(3):617-626

Center for Assisted Reproduction, Bedford, Texas. Electronic address:

Objective: To compare obstetric and neonatal outcomes resulting from assisted reproductive technology in couples with a history of female sterilization to couples with other infertility diagnoses.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Not applicable. Read More

Contraception 2021 Feb 28. Epub 2021 Feb 28.

Department of Family Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address:

Objectives: Postpartum tubal ligation provides demonstrated benefits to women, but access to this procedure is threatened by restrictions at Catholic healthcare institutions. We aimed to understand how insured employees assign responsibility for postpartum sterilization denial and how it impacts their view of the quality of care provided.

Study Design: We conducted a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of employees at Standard and Poor's (S&P) 500 companies utilizing a dual panel drawn from Amerispeak, a probability-based research panel, and a non-probability panel. Read More

Fertil Steril 2021 May 26;115(5):1143-1150. Epub 2021 Feb 26.

American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama.

This document reviews surgical options for reparative tubal surgery and the factors that must be considered when deciding between surgical repair and in vitro fertilization. This document replaces the document of the same name, last published in 2012 (Fertil Steril 2015;103:e37-43). This document reviews surgical options for reparative tubal surgery and the factors that must be considered when deciding between surgical repair and in vitro fertilization. Read More

Obstet Gynecol 2021 Mar;137(3):514-520

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.

Objective: To compare operative outcomes of postpartum salpingectomy and tubal ligation after vaginal delivery.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study identified patients who underwent tubal sterilization between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2019, at a large academic hospital, using the electronic medical record. All patients who delivered vaginally and underwent tubal sterilization during their delivery admissions were included. Read More

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021 Feb 9;21(1):121. Epub 2021 Feb 9.

Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Tak, Thailand.

Background: Anesthesia in lactating women is frequently indicated for time-sensitive procedures such as postpartum tubal ligation. Ketamine and diazepam are two of the most commonly used anesthetic agents in low resource settings, but their safety profile in lactating women has not been established.

Methods: Medical records of post-partum tubal ligations between 2013 and 2018 at clinics of the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit were reviewed for completeness of key outcome variables. Read More

BJOG 2021 Jul 9;128(8):1364-1372. Epub 2021 Mar 9.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital 'Príncipe de Asturias', Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.

Objective: To compare the effect of inhaled nitrous oxide (INO) on pain control during in-office hysteroscopy with 1% lidocaine paracervical infiltration and no analgesic.

Design: Single-blind stratified randomised clinical trial with masked assessment by a third party.

Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in a Spanish hospital. Read More

Fertil Steril 2021 Apr 23;115(4):1054-1062. Epub 2021 Jan 23.

Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy. Electronic address:

Objective: To assess the role of embryo secretome in modifying the molecular profile of glycodelin A (GdA) in endometrial organoids (ORG) mimicking the implantation window. To verify whether the use of embryo-conditioned culture medium at the time of the embryo transfer may increase in vitro fertilization outcome.

Design: Molecular study with human endometrial ORG and embryo-conditioned culture medium. Read More

J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021 Mar 21;47(3):913-920. Epub 2020 Dec 21.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.

Aim: Women who experience menopause before 45 years, have an increased risk for morbidity and mortality. We aimed to identify the factors influencing the age at natural menopause and to investigate whether tubal ligation alter age at natural menopause.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on total 1660 women with natural menopause. Read More

Contraception 2021 Mar 17;103(3):203-207. Epub 2020 Dec 17.

University of North Carolina, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Family Planning, Chapel Hill, NC, United States. Electronic address:

Objectives: To identify the frequency and characteristics associated with total salpingectomy (TS) versus occlusion or partial salpingectomy (PS) at the time of cesarean delivery.

Study Design: We performed a retrospective chart review of cesarean deliveries with a concurrent permanent contraception procedure, from July 1, 2014 to June 30, 2019 at 2 hospitals (community hospital and tertiary care academic center) within a single healthcare system. We assessed the proportion of TS versus PS at cesarean, and secondarily compared operative times between the 2 procedures. Read More

Clin Imaging 2021 Apr 6;72:11-18. Epub 2020 Nov 6.

Evidence-based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. Electronic address:

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance hysterosalpingography for fallopian tubal occlusion in the context of female infertility when compared to the diagnostic performance of conditional X-ray hysterosalpingography.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, EBSCO, Cochrane Library database, Scopus were searched for studies in which magnetic resonance hysterosalpingography and X-ray hysterosalpingography were used as diagnostic tools for tubal occlusion assessment; databases were searched through April 2020. Two researchers conducted study inclusion assessment, data extraction, a systematic review, and pooled meta-analysis independently. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2020 Oct 27;13(10). Epub 2020 Oct 27.

Department of Family Medicine, Stanford Health Care, San Jose, California, USA.

A 43-year-old woman with a history of bilateral tubal ligation and bilateral ovarian cysts presented to our hospital with progressively worsening right lower quadrant pain and abdominal distension. Her exam findings of vaginal discharge and cervical motion tenderness, in combination with her marked leucocytosis, were suggestive of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PCR for and was negative, however, our patient's blood cultures grew group A This exceptionally severe presentation of PID, in combination with uncommon laboratory findings, led to complex multidisciplinary clinical decision making guided by extensive literature review. Read More

Obstet Gynecol 2020 11;136(5):1064

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.

Obstet Gynecol 2020 11;136(5):1063-1064

Wellspan York Hospital, Laborist Division,Mechanicsburg,Pennsylvania.

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 10 22;10:CD002125. Epub 2020 Oct 22.

Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Background: Tubal disease accounts for 20% of infertility cases. Hydrosalpinx, caused by distal tubal occlusion leading to fluid accumulation in the tube(s), is a particularly severe form of tubal disease negatively affecting the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART). It is thought that tubal surgery may improve the outcome of ART in women with hydrosalpinges. Read More

Contracept Reprod Med 2020 8;5:25. Epub 2020 Oct 8.

School of Statistics and Planning, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

Background: Despite its great effectiveness, safety and convenience for women who do not wish to have more children; female sterilization method uptake in Uganda is very low. This study aimed at establishing factors associated with female sterilization uptake in Uganda.

Methods: Secondary data were sourced from the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS). Read More

Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021 03 14;224(3):258-265.e4. Epub 2020 Sep 14.

Marchand Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Mesa, AZ.

Objective: After strong evidence and major organizations recommending salpingectomy over tubal ligation, we sought to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the intraoperative attributes and complication rates associated with these 2 procedures.

Data Sources: We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and clinical trials registries without time or language restrictions. The search was conducted in February 2020. Read More

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020 Oct 22;253:141-147. Epub 2020 Aug 22.

Kayseri City Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kayseri, Turkey.

Objective: This study was planned to investigate possible alteration in the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in eutopic endometrium before and after laparoscopic removal of the ovarian endometrioma.

Study Design: Six infertile women with ovarian endometrioma who underwent laparoscopic endometrioma cystectomy and six fertile control subjects who underwent tubal sterilization were included the study. Endometrial samples were collected before and 3 months after surgery throughout the mid-luteal phase. Read More

Turk J Obstet Gynecol 2020 Jun 29;17(2):115-122. Epub 2020 Jul 29.

İstinye University, Medical Park Gaziosmanpaşa Hospital, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, İstanbul, Turkey.

Objective: Enough data can be found in the literature regarding the protective effect of tubal ligation on gynecological cancers. In addition, a large body of evidence revealed that prophylactic bilateral salpingectomy had no significant negative effect on the ovarian function, quality of life, sexuality, surgery duration, and cost-effectivity. This study was aimed at exploring the underlying factors that motivate women for either opportunistic bilateral salpingectomy (OBS) or tubal ligation, particularly focusing on their preferences, knowledge, and beliefs toward female sterilization, satisfaction from counseling, and body image following the salpingectomy. Read More