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Vet Res Commun 2021 Jun 11. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic.

Pets play a pivotal role as definitive or reservoir hosts for many zoonotic parasites. Dogs and cats without any clinical signs may be a carrier for the infection. In a one-year study, collected fecal samples of 257 dogs and 50 cats were examined coproscopically for endoparasite infections. Read More

Biomedica 2021 05 31;41(Supl. 1):60-81. Epub 2021 May 31.

Área de Bienestar Animal, Fundación Zoológico de Cali, Cali, Colombia.

Introduction: Enteroparasites can cause problems in animals kept under human care in zoos and shelters. Wild animals have low parasitic loads but when sheltered in closed places they can be higher and lead to clinical manifestations, which increases the cost of medical treatments and care. On the other hand, some enteroparasites can represent a potential risk of zoonotic infection for their animal keepers, visitors, and other zoo animals. Read More

Int J STD AIDS 2021 Jun 9:9564624211020984. Epub 2021 Jun 9.

Department of Global Health and Development, 4906London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.

This study was sought to determine the impact of CD4 T-cell count and associated risk factors with intestinal parasitosis in people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Central Hospital, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria. One hundred and seventy (170) HIV-seropositive subjects were enrolled in the study from 24 August 2015 to 22 January 2016. Sociodemographic data were assessed using structured questionnaires. Read More

Parasit Vectors 2021 Jun 8;14(1):310. Epub 2021 Jun 8.

TransVIHMI, Université Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), INSERM, Montpellier, France.

Background: The impact of semiannual mass drug administration (MDA) with albendazole (ALB; 400 mg) alone on lymphatic filariasis (LF) and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections was assessed during two trials conducted from 2012 to 2018 in the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The collected data were analyzed to evaluate the effect of compliance with ALB treatment on STH infections.

Methods: STH infections were diagnosed with duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears and the results are reported as eggs per gram of stool. Read More

Vet World 2021 Apr 13;14(4):884-888. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Background And Aim: and are helminthic intestinal parasites that infect humans and other animals, including non-human primates. However, molecular detection of these parasites remains scarce in long-tailed macaques (), which coexist with human communities in Thailand. Thus, this study aimed to molecularly confirm the occurrence of spp. Read More

Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2021 May 28;88(1):e1-e5. Epub 2021 May 28.

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St Kitts and Nevis, West Indies; and, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Parasitology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.

There are limited data on the efficacy of antiparasitic treatments and husbandry methods to control nematode infections in captive populations of African green monkeys (AGMs), Chlorocebus sabaeus. In faecal egg count (FEC) tests, 10 of the 11 (91%) adult male AGMs captured from the large feral population on the island of St Kitts had evidence of nematode infections, mostly Capillaria (8/11, 73%), Trichuris trichiura (7/11, 64%) and strongylid species (7/11, 64%) specifically (hookworm and Trichostrongylus, 50/50), but also Strongyloides fuelleborni (1/11, 9%). When kept in individual cages with cleaning and feeding regimens to prevent reinfections and treated concurrently with ivermectin (300 µg/kg, given subcutaneously) and albendazole (10 mg/kg, given orally) daily for 3 days, 60% (6/10) of the AGMs were negative at a follow-up FEC at 3 months and by FEC and necropsy at the end of the study 5-8 months later. Read More

Parasitology 2021 Jun 3:1-41. Epub 2021 Jun 3.

Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

Parasitology 2021 Jun 2:1-28. Epub 2021 Jun 2.

Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK; Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK; School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.

Parasitology 2021 Jun 2:1-34. Epub 2021 Jun 2.

Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.

Parasite 2021 27;28:47. Epub 2021 May 27.

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMI 233-INSERM U1175-University of Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.

The standard techniques for diagnosis of human filariasis are the microscopic examination of blood smears or skin biopsies, which are relatively invasive and poorly sensitive at low levels of infection. Recently, filarial DNA has been detected in fecal samples from non-human primates in Central Africa. The aim of this study was to demonstrate proof-of-concept of a non-invasive molecular diagnosis technique for human filariasis by targeting fragments of 12S rDNA, Cox1, ITS1 and LL20-15kDa ladder antigen-gene by conventional PCR in DNA extracted from stool samples of 52 people infected with Mansonella perstans and/or Loa loa. Read More

Vet Rec 2021 May 28:e506. Epub 2021 May 28.

Dpto. Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain.

Background: Ungulates from zoological institutions are frequently used as founders in reintroduction programmes. These animals are subject to specific parasite management as parasitic infections have previously been associated with failed Bovidae reintroductions.

Methods: Questionnaires to obtain data on how these institutions screen for seasonal parasite presence and the clinical signs they induced in threatened ungulates were sent to 65 institutions involved in European Ex situ Programmes (58. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021 May 26;15(5):e0009395. Epub 2021 May 26.

Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

Background: Monitoring the success of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) control programs relies on accurate diagnosis and quantitative assessment of infection prevalence and intensity. As preventative chemotherapeutic program coverage for STH expands, the necessity of gaining insights into the relative or comparative sensitivities, in terms of limits of detection (LOD) and egg-recovery-rates (ERR) for microscopy and quantitative polymerase chain reaction qPCR-based diagnostic techniques becomes imperative to inform suitability for their intended use for large scale STH monitoring and treatment efficacy studies.

Methodology/principal Findings: The diagnostic performance in terms of ERR and LOD of the Kato-Katz (KK) thick smear technique, sodium nitrate (NaNO3) faecal floatation (FF) and qPCR for the accurate detection and enumeration of STH eggs were calculated and expressed in eggs per gram (EPG), by experimentally seeding parasite-free human faeces with Ascaris spp. Read More

Braz J Biol 2021 21;82:e238891. Epub 2021 May 21.

King Saud University, College of Science, Department Zoology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Food handlers plays a primary role in the transmission of pathogenically important protozoans and helminth parasites. This study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal pathogenic protozoans and helminth parasites among food handlers in and around University of Malakand, Lower Dir, Pakistan. Stool samples were collected from 642 food handlers (all of male) in a cross-sectional study from January to November, 2017. Read More

Braz J Biol 2021 21;82:e238769. Epub 2021 May 21.

Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan.

Illnesses caused by human pinworm remains a pediatric health problem in developing nations including Pakistan. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis in school children of four districts in Malakand region, Pakistan. Four hundred faecal specimens were screened from May 2014 to July 2017 using normal saline and Lugol Iodine solution. Read More

Vet Parasitol 2021 Jul 18;295:109459. Epub 2021 May 18.

Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, SVA, 751 89, Uppsala, Sweden; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, Box 7054, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.

The global pig production has undergone major changes over the past 30 years with larger farms, more intensified production as well as improved hygiene and biosecurity practices. To investigate whether these changes, along with expanded pig welfare, have had an impact on parasite occurrence, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Sweden on farms where the pigs are always loose-housed, floors are solid and bedding material is provided. A total of 1615 faecal samples were collected on 42 conventional indoor farms from a) post-weaning piglets (n = 337); b) growers (n = 345); c) fatteners (n = 308); d) dry sows (n = 277) and e) pre-partum sows (n = 348). Read More

Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2021 Apr 18;24:100558. Epub 2021 Mar 18.

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Electronic address:

Gastro-intestinal (GI) parasites of primates have a greater potential of becoming zoonotic. This potential may vary in different primates based on multiple factors such as proximity to human settlements and the climate of their habitat. We examined the GI parasites in two subspecies of toque macaque: Macaca sinica sinica (confined to the dry zone) and Macaca sinica aurifrons (confined to the wet zone) of Sri Lanka. Read More

BMC Med 2021 May 21;19(1):125. Epub 2021 May 21.

Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit (MITU), Mwanza, Tanzania.

Background: Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are highly prevalent in resource-limited countries. We assessed the effect of a combination intervention aiming to enhance handwashing with soap on STH reinfection following mass drug administration among primary school children in Kagera region, Northwestern Tanzania.

Methods: We conducted a cluster randomised trial in sixteen primary schools with known high STH prevalence. Read More

Arch Public Health 2021 May 19;79(1):83. Epub 2021 May 19.

René Rachou Institute, The Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in the State of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Background: Most of the studies conducted in Brazil assessing the relationship between water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections, have focused on cases, reflecting the reality of small areas and not of a countrywide situation. In order to fill this gap, the current paper presents an epidemiological study exploring the association between water and sanitation and STHs prevalence in students from 7 to 17 years old, in all 27 Brazilian Federation Units.

Methods: Three ecological studies were carried out considering the prevalence of ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm as outcome variables. Read More

Parasit Vectors 2021 May 17;14(1):258. Epub 2021 May 17.

Daniel E. Snyder DVM PhD Consulting, LLC, Indianapolis, IN, 46229, USA.

Background: A randomised, blinded, positive controlled, multicentre, Good Clinical Practice-compliant, pivotal field study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a new combination of lotilaner + milbemycin oxime tablets (Credelio Plus; Elanco Animal Health) administered orally to client-owned dogs naturally infected with intestinal nematodes.

Methods: Client-owned dogs presenting to veterinary clinics from households in France, Hungary and Germany were screened for intestinal nematodes. Dogs with an initial positive faecal egg count that was subsequently confirmed with a follow-up faecal examination to demonstrate the presence of naturally occurring mixed or mono-infections with Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Trichuris vulpis or Ancylostoma caninum were enrolled on Day 0 into the study. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 05 17;5:CD005547. Epub 2021 May 17.

Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.

Background: Helminthiasis is an infestation of the human body with parasitic worms. It is estimated to affect 44 million pregnancies, globally, each year. Intestinal helminthiasis (hookworm infestation) is associated with blood loss and decreased supply of nutrients for erythropoiesis, resulting in iron-deficiency anaemia. Read More

PeerJ 2021 6;9:e11158. Epub 2021 May 6.

School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.

Background: Even if many schoolchildren in Ethiopia are anemic and stunted, few have studied the co-existence of anemia and stunting among schoolchildren in Ethiopia In addition, multilevel analysis to explore the variation in prevalence of concurrent anemia and stunting (CAS) across schools and classes is rarely applied. Thus, we aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of CAS at the individual, household, and school level among schoolchildren in southern Ethiopia.

Methods: We recruited 864 students aged 7-14 years from the Wonago district in southern Ethiopia using a three-stage random sampling, assigning four schools to level one, 24 classes to level two. Read More

Trop Anim Health Prod 2021 May 13;53(2):318. Epub 2021 May 13.

Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioactive effect of Moringa oleifera leaves hydroalcoholic extract as a dietary feed additive on helminths load and growth performances of goats. Initially, the availability of bioactive compounds in M. oleifera hydroalcoholic extract was analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which showed the presence of heneicosane (35. Read More

J Parasitol Res 2021 23;2021:6665586. Epub 2021 Apr 23.

Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 067, Dschang, Cameroon.

Background: Infection with intestinal nematodes is of major public health concern worldwide, and school-age children and pregnant women are the principal victims. The present study was undertaken to provide baseline information on the status of gastrointestinal nematodes among school-age children in Bamendjou. . Read More

J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2021 May 10. Epub 2021 May 10.

Trichuris spp. are common helminths in NHP, and benzimidazoles and avermectins have both been used to treat theseintestinal parasites. The current study compared the efficacy of fenbendazole and ivermectin against natural infection ofTrichuris spp. Read More

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021 22;11:639573. Epub 2021 Apr 22.

Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.

Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) affect hundreds of millions worldwide and are some of the most important neglected tropical diseases in terms of morbidity. Due to the difficulty in studying STH human infections, rodent models have become increasingly used, mainly because of their similarities in life cycle. and have been proven appropriate and low maintenance models for the study of ascariasis and trichuriasis. Read More

Parasitology 2021 May 6:1-47. Epub 2021 May 6.

Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford road Manchester, M13 9PT.

Acta Vet Scand 2021 May 5;63(1):19. Epub 2021 May 5.

Laboratory of Biostatistics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland.

Background: The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and Australia. The presence of nematode-infected foxes in urbanized areas increases the risk of transmission of nematodes to domestic dogs and thus, to humans. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and species composition of intestinal nematodiasis in red foxes in Western Pomerania, a province in north-western Poland. Read More

Korean J Parasitol 2021 Apr 22;59(2):149-152. Epub 2021 Apr 22.

Department of Parasitology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31116, Korea.

Our previous research on coprolite specimens from the mummies of Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910 CE) has revealed various species of parasite eggs. Herein, we added 2 new helminthic cases of human remains from Joseon-period graves in the Republic of Korea (Korea). The organic materials precipitated on the hip bones of 2 half-mummied cases (Goryeong and Gwangmyeong cases) were collected, rehydrated, and examined by a microscope. Read More

Korean J Parasitol 2021 Apr 22;59(2):131-138. Epub 2021 Apr 22.

Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea.

Helminth infections are prevalent in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). This study aimed at determining the prevalence and risk factors of intestinal helminthiasis in remote mountainous villages of northern Lao PDR. During the dry season in January 2017, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in 3 remote mountainous villages in Oudomxay province, Lao PDR. Read More

Vet Med Sci 2021 May 4. Epub 2021 May 4.

Department of Conservation Biology, Institute of Primate Research, Nairobi, Kenya.

Zoonotic pathogens are among the most important causes of ill health all over the world. The presence of these pathogens in free ranging baboons may have significant implications for humans. In Kenya, the encroachment of wildlife habitats has led to increased interaction between humans and wildlife especially non-human primates. Read More