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Acta Vet Hung 2019 Mar;67(1):40-50

3 Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina , Novi Sad , Serbia.

Trichinellosis is one of the most important foodborne diseases in the Eastern European countries. The main objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiological patterns of trichinellosis outbreaks that occurred between 2005 and 2016 in Vojvodina, a northern province of the Republic of Serbia. The average incidence was 3. Read More

Acta Vet Hung 2019 Mar;67(1):34-39

1 National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade , Dr. Subotica 4, P.O. Box 102, 11129 Belgrade , Serbia.

Human trichinellosis and Trichinella infection in pigs are both still endemic in the Balkans, including Serbia. Because of the flow between the sylvatic and the domestic cycle of Trichinella spp., monitoring wildlife has been recommended for the risk assessment of Trichinella spp. Read More

Parasitol Int 2019 Mar 14;71:53-55. Epub 2019 Mar 14.

Área de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Parque General San Martín, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina.

Of the three Trichinella species described in South America, T. spiralis, T. pseudospiralis and T. Read More

Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2019 Mar 5. Epub 2019 Mar 5.

1 Laboratory of Molecular Immunoparasitology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine (CEMT), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.

Trichinellosis in Chilean wild animals has scarcely been documented. The introduction of wild boars into the wild environment represents a viable new host with a potential risk of infection for human health. The aim of this study was to determine the presence and prevalence of Trichinella in wild boars. Read More

Rev Esp Salud Publica 2019 Feb 15;93. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Sección de Vigilancia Epidemiológica. Servicio Provincial de Sanidad de Zaragoza. Gobierno de Aragón. Zaragoza. España.

Objective: In Aragon, official veterinary controls to detect the presence of Trichinella in meat products have allowed trichinosis to be a low-incidence disease in the form of outbreaks associated with family consumption of meat products that are not sanitarily controlled. The aim of the work was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of the trichinosis outbreaks that occurred in Aragon during the study period and the action measures carried out, which served as a basis for redesigning and strengthening prevention and control measures.

Methods: Descriptive study of the characteristics of time, place, person, food implicated, etiological agent and control measures implemented in the outbreaks identified by the Epidemiological Surveillance Network of Aragón from 01/01/1998 to 31/12/2017. Read More

J Helminthol 2019 Feb 13:1-4. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità,Rome,Italy.

Trichinellosis is a cosmopolitan zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the nematodes of the genus Trichinella, through the consumption of raw or semi-raw infected meat from swine, horses and wild animals. This disease has been sporadically reported in Greece since 1946. The aim of the present study was to describe a trichinellosis case in a patient hospitalized in northern Greece, in 2017. Read More

J Vet Res 2018 Dec 31;62(4):493-496. Epub 2018 Dec 31.

Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland.

Introduction: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in the rapid activation of the innate immune response to a variety of pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of infection on the level of expression of the gene in mouse intestines during the intestinal phase of experimental trichinellosis.

Material And Methods: The experimental material consisted of the small and large intestines of BALB/c mice infected with sampled at 4, 8, and 16 days post infection (dpi). Read More

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019 21;9. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.

spp., are amongst the most widespread parasitic nematodes, primarily live in the muscles of a wide range of vertebrate animals and humans. Human infection occurs by ingestion of raw or undercooked meat containing larvae. Read More

Parasitol Res 2019 Feb 9;118(2):711-714. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic.

Hedgehogs (Mammalia: Erinaceidae) are omnivorous nocturnal animals typically living in anthropogenic areas. They may be suitable as sentinels for a wide range of zoonotic infections. Only a few studies have investigated hedgehogs (and then as representative wildlife species) to establish their role in the life cycle of such tissue parasites with zoonotic potential as Toxoplasma gondii or Trichinella spp. Read More

Parasit Vectors 2018 Dec 27;11(1):666. Epub 2018 Dec 27.

Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Background: Trichinella spiralis is a tissue-dwelling parasite has developed the ability to evade the host immune attack to establish parasitism in a host. One of the strategies evolved by the nematode is to produce proteins that immunomodulate the host immune system. TsPmy is a paramyosin secreted by T. Read More

Ann Agric Environ Med 2018 Dec 29;25(4):698-700. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland.

Introduction: The highest risk of trichinellosis for human is considered in eating meat products containing live larvae, mostly from wild boars or pigs. Spreading of Trichinella spp. may occur in various ways, one of which is transmission by vectors. Read More

Zoonoses Public Health 2019 02 21;66(1):140-154. Epub 2018 Dec 21.

Department of Community and Public Health, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.

Background: The aim of this review was to establish the current epidemiology of taeniosis, cysticercosis and trichinellosis among humans and animals in Iran by carrying out a comprehensive assessment of published articles reporting on these foodborne zoonotic diseases across the country.

Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was used in the search for relevant published articles reporting on cysticercosis, taeniosis and trichinellosis in Iran using a number of appropriate key words. The search was conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, SpringerLink, SCOPUS, WHOLIS, FAO and CDC. Read More

J Vet Med Sci 2019 Feb 12;81(2):169-176. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitic Diseases, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.

Infections with gastrointestinal nematodes provoke immune and inflammatory responses mediated by cytokines released from T-helper type-2 (Th2) cells. Infections with Trichinella species have been reported to differ by the host species. Previously, in rats, we observed acute liver inflammation in response to infection with Trichinella spiralis, and the rat hosts showed a series of biochemical changes characterized by a decrease in serum paraoxonase (PON) 1 activity associated with the down-regulation of hepatic PON1 synthesis. Read More

Parasit Vectors 2018 Dec 12;11(1):631. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.

Background: Trichinellosis is a meat-borne zoonotic disease caused by parasites of the genus Trichinella. To date, 12 taxa have been described. The identification of Trichinella species is crucial in order to identify the possible source of infection, the geographical origin of the parasite and to assess risk of infection for domestic pigs and humans. Read More

Vet Res 2018 Dec 5;49(1):119. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.

Trichinellosis is one of the most serious foodborne parasitic zoonosis with worldwide distribution, and it is necessary to develop a vaccine to interrupt transmission from animals to humans. Trichinella spiralis adult-specific DNase II-1 (TsDNase II) were identified by immunoproteomics in surface or excretory/secretory proteins of adult worms (AW) and intestinal infective larvae (IIL). The aim of this study was to investigate the systemic, mucosal responses and immune protection elicited by oral vaccination with TsDNase II DNA vaccine delivered by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strain⊿cyaSL1344. Read More

Food Microbiol 2019 Apr 22;78:99-103. Epub 2018 Oct 22.

German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address:

The reference method for Trichinella detection at meat inspection is the magnetic stirrer method (MSM) utilising HCl-pepsin for pooled sample digestion. Due to availability and quality issues with pepsin, alternative digestion methods are being offered, such as the Priocheck Trichinella AAD kit (T-AAD), based on serine endopeptidase digestion. In this study the T-AAD kit was compared to the reference method. Read More

Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019 Mar 27;16(3):153-165. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland .

Wild boar populations around the world have increased dramatically over past decades. Climate change, generating milder winters with less snow, may affect their spread into northern regions. Wild boars can serve as reservoirs for a number of bacteria, viruses, and parasites, which are transmissible to humans and domestic animals through direct interaction with wild boars, through contaminated food or indirectly through contaminated environment. Read More

Front Microbiol 2018 5;9:2504. Epub 2018 Nov 5.

Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.

Deoxyribonuclease II (DNase II) is a widespread endonuclease, which can degrade the DNA. adult-specific DNase II-1 (TsDNase II-1) and DNase II-7 (TsDNase II-7) were identified in excretory-secretory (ES) or surface proteins of adult worm (AW) and intestinal infective larvae (IIL) using immunoproteomics with early infection sera. The aim of this study was to characterize the two DNase II enzymes and to investigate their role as potential vaccine candidate target molecules. Read More

Parasit Vectors 2018 Nov 12;11(1):584. Epub 2018 Nov 12.

Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland.

Background: Trichinella britovi is the second most common species of Trichinella that may affect human health. As an early diagnosis of trichinellosis is crucial for effective treatment, it is important to identify sensitive, specific and common antigens of adult T. britovi worms and muscle larvae. Read More

Vet Parasitol 2018 Oct 9;262:1-5. Epub 2018 Sep 9.

European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy. Electronic address:

Carnivore and omnivore animals are the main reservoir hosts of nematodes of the genus Trichinella. Out of the twelve taxa identified so far in the world, four, namely Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella nativa, Trichinella britovi and Trichinella pseudospiralis, are circulating in Europe. All these four species were detected in Finnish wild animals and T. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018 11 1;12(11):e0006516. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

Department of Parasitology School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.

Background: In a previous study, we found that Trichinella spiralis muscle larva excretory and secretory proteins (ES-P) most likely activate collagen synthesis via TGF-β/Smad signaling, and this event could influence collagen capsule formation.

Methodology/principal Findings: In order to identify the specific collagen inducing factor, ES-P was fractionated by a Superdex 200 10/300 GL column. We obtained three large fractions, F1, F2, and F3, but only F3 had collagen gene inducing ability. Read More

Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2018 Oct 29;113(11):e180305. Epub 2018 Oct 29.

US Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Applied Nutrition and Safety Assessment, Laurel, MD, USA.

BACKGROUND Human trichinellosis is a foodborne parasitic zoonotic disease caused by ingestion of raw or undercooked meat infected with nematode larvae of the genus Trichinella. In the USA, sporadic cases and outbreaks caused by the consumption of wild game meat infected with Trichinella have been reported. The current methods for diagnosis such as serology and microscopy are not specific, may result in false negative results, and cannot differentiate encapsulated Trichinella larvae to species level. Read More

Biomed Pharmacother 2018 Dec 27;108:934-940. Epub 2018 Sep 27.

Department of Parasitology, Basic Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China. Electronic address:

Although trichinosis is one of the global food-borne parasitic diseases and is considered an emerging/re-emerging disease that has been reported in 66 countries, the drugs for its prevention and treatment have not been thoroughly investigated. Wortmannilactone F (WF) has been reported as a blocker of the helminth mitochondria respiratory chain by inhibiting NADH-fumarate reductase in the mitochondrial inner membrane. CXCL8 (3-73) K11R/G31 P(G31 P) has been reported as a CXCL8 analogue that has the affinity to CXCR1 and CXCR2. Read More

Parasitol Res 2018 Dec 17;117(12):4033-4036. Epub 2018 Oct 17.

Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias, Av. Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO, CABA, Argentina.

Trichinella spp. from a sylvatic cycle has been found in several animal species such as pumas (Puma concolor), armadillos (Chaetophractus villosus), rats (Rattus norvegicus), and wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Argentina. Moreover, Trichinella infection has been detected in a wide range of marine mammals around the world, including polar bears (Ursus maritimus) and walruses (Odobenus rosmarus). Read More

N Engl J Med 2018 Oct;379(14):1364-1369

From the Departments of Emergency Medicine (A.S., B.F., B.P.) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (V.N.), Alameda Health System-Highland Hospital, Oakland, and the Department of Emergency Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar (D.A.T.) - both in California.

Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018 Sep 29;203:13-20. Epub 2018 Jul 29.

Department of Food Hygiene of Animal Origin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the detection of trichinellosis using ELISA, and to determine the degree of variation of IgG antibodies against excretory-secretory (E-S) antigens of T. spiralis muscle larvae. Ten young Polish Large White native breed pigs were experimentally inoculated with a low dose of 300 invasive Trichinella spiralis (T. Read More

Vet Res 2018 Sep 6;49(1):87. Epub 2018 Sep 6.

Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.

Trichinellosis is a worldwide important food-borne zoonosis caused mainly by ingesting raw or undercooked pork infected with Trichinella spiralis larvae. The development of vaccine is needed for preventing swine from Trichinella infection to ensure pork safety. Previous studies showed that T. Read More

Parasit Vectors 2018 Sep 6;11(1):499. Epub 2018 Sep 6.

Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.

Background: Trichinella spiralis serine protease inhibitor (TsSPI) was identified in ES proteins of adult worms (AW), the TsSPI gene was highly expressed at enteral stage worms (AW and newborn larvae), distributed mainly in the cuticle and stichosome of this nematode. Vaccination of mice with rTsSPI exhibited a 62.2% reduction of intestinal AW and a 57. Read More

Res Vet Sci 2018 Oct 23;120:4-10. Epub 2018 Aug 23.

College of Animal Science and Technology and Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China. Electronic address:

Trichinella spiralis is an intestinal nematode parasite that can cause trichinellosis in humans and animals worldwide. The most important known hosts of T. spiralis are pigs, horses, dogs and cats. Read More

Trop Anim Health Prod 2018 Aug 13. Epub 2018 Aug 13.

Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Namibia, P. Bag 13301, Pioneerspark, Windhoek, Namibia.

Trichinellosis is a worldwide zoonosis with genotypes affecting different domestic and wild animals and is widely distributed throughout the world. Species and genotypes of this genus affecting different animals have been identified. Despite its occurrence in Sub-Saharan countries, the presence of trichinellosis in Botswana is yet to be confirmed. Read More

Vet Res 2018 08 2;49(1):79. Epub 2018 Aug 2.

Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.

The aim of this study was to study the molecular characteristics of Trichinella spiralis galectin (Tsgal) and interactions between Tsgal and host's intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). The functional domain of Tsgal was cloned and expressed in an E. coli system. Read More

Emerg Infect Dis 2018 08;24(8):1532-1535

An outbreak of trichinellosis occurred in Japan in December 2016. All case-patients had eaten undercooked bear meat, from which Trichinella larvae were subsequently isolated. DNA sequencing analysis of the mitochondrial genes cytochrome c-oxidase subunit 1 and internal transcribed spacer 2 confirmed that Trichinella T9 had caused the outbreak. Read More

Int J Med Sci 2018 22;15(8):802-807. Epub 2018 May 22.

Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea.

establishes a chronic infection in skeletal muscle by developing nurse cells within muscle fibers. During symbiosis in host, changes in the muscle fibers and inflammation may affect muscle function. : We investigated muscle strength and inflammation in infected mice during 1 to 48 weeks after infection. Read More

Vet Res 2018 07 13;49(1):59. Epub 2018 Jul 13.

Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.

In our previous work, a Trichinella spiralis putative serine protease (TsSP) was identified from ES products of T. spiralis intestinal infective larvae (IIL) and adult worms (AW) by immunoproteomics: it was highly expressed in IIL compared with muscle larvae (ML). In this study, the TsSP biological characteristics in larval invasion and growth were identified and its potential as a vaccine target against Trichinella infection were investigated. Read More

J Parasitol 2018 Oct 16;104(5):557-559. Epub 2018 Jul 16.

2   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.

After a human trichinellosis outbreak in Zlatibor District, Serbia, in 2016, Trichinella larvae were found in wild boar ( Sus scrofa) meat products. One hundred and fourteen people were infected during the outbreak. The larvae were determined to be Trichinella britovi using the polymerase chain reaction method. Read More

Parasit Vectors 2018 Jun 19;11(1):353. Epub 2018 Jun 19.

European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.

Background: The zoonotic nematode Trichinella britovi was discovered in two neighboring Mediterranean islands of Corsica and Sardinia, almost simultaneously at the beginning of the 21st century. An epidemiological link between the two parasite populations was generally assumed. In 2015, an outbreak of trichinellosis in Nice, the South of France, was reportedly caused by the consumption of raw pork delicatessen imported from Corsica. Read More

Int J Infect Dis 2018 Aug 13;73:69-71. Epub 2018 Jun 13.

Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Objectives: The serological diagnosis of human infection with Angiostrongylus cantonensis remains problematic because there are no commercially available validated tests. Most laboratories use domestically prepared tests such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or immunoblotting. Since laboratory facilities are not always available in endemic areas, we developed and assessed a rapid lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (AcQuick Test) to detect anti-A. Read More

Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2018 May 29;65. Epub 2018 May 29.

Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, PR China.

Cysteine protease is a superfamily of widespread proteolytic enzymes and plays a major role in larval invasion, migration, exsheathing, survival and immune evasion in parasites. In the present study, the gene coding cysteine proteinase of the nematode Trichinella spiralis (Owen, 1835) was cloned into pQE-80L and subsequently expressed in E. coli JM109. Read More

Transbound Emerg Dis 2018 Dec 6;65(6):1447-1458. Epub 2018 Jun 6.

State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.

Trichinella spiralis, the causative agent of trichinellosis, is able to infect a wide range of carnivores and omnivores including human beings. In the past 30 years, a mass of vaccination efforts has been performed to control T. spiralis infection with the purpose of reduction in worm fecundity or decrease in muscle larval and adult burdens. Read More

PLoS One 2018 5;13(6):e0198205. Epub 2018 Jun 5.

Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.

Trichinella spiralis mainly dwells in the muscle tissue of its host and is the main causative agent of trichinellosis in humans. Nitric oxide (NO), an important intracellular signaling molecule that may restrict pathogen growth in infected hosts, has been known for its anti-pathogenic activity, including resistance to T. spiralis. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018 05 18;12(5):e0006502. Epub 2018 May 18.

Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Background: Trichinellosis is a serious food-borne parasitic zoonosis worldwide. In the effort to develop vaccine against Trichinella infection, we have identified Trichinella spiralis Heat shock protein 70 (Ts-Hsp70) elicits partial protective immunity against T. spiralis infection via activating dendritic cells (DCs) in our previous study. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018 05 14;12(5):e0006485. Epub 2018 May 14.

Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China.

Background: Trichinellosis is a serious zoonositc parasitosis worldwide. Because its clinical manifestations aren't specific, the diagnosis of trichinellosis is not easy to be made. Trichinella spiralis muscle larva (ML) excretory-secretory (ES) antigens are the most widely applied diagnostic antigens for human trichinellosis, but the major drawback of the ES antigens for assaying anti-Trichinella antibodies is the false negative in the early Trichinella infection period. Read More

Parasite 2018 10;25:28. Epub 2018 May 10.

Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Nematodes of the genus Trichinella are zoonotic parasites causing trichinellosis. In Iran, these parasites occur in several animal species and rare cases have been recorded in humans. To monitor the epidemiological pattern of these parasites in the Khorasan-e-Razavi province, Northeastern Iran, muscle tissues were collected from the tongues of roadkill animals between 2016 and 2017: 295 stray dogs, one red fox (Vulpes vulpes), 12 golden jackals (Canis aureus), and one wild boar (Sus scrofa). Read More

Immunol Invest 2018 Aug 3;47(6):605-614. Epub 2018 May 3.

a Department of Medical Zoology , Kyung Hee University School of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.

Trichinella spiralis infection induces Trichinella-specific IgG antibody and high level of blood eosinophil. However, the kinetics induced by different parasite burdens during infectious periods remains unclear. In this study, rats were infected with 100, 1000, or 3000 larvae of T. Read More

J Helminthol 2019 May 3;93(3):372-374. Epub 2018 May 3.

Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology,Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases,Sechenov University,Moscow,Russia.

Although there have been occasional reports of rare and low-level trichinellae infestation in beavers, no human cases of beaver-associated trichinellosis have been described. This report presents a possible case of human trichinellosis linked to beaver meat. Increasing consumption of beaver meat necessitates raising awareness of this potential source of trichinellosis. Read More

Vet Parasitol 2018 Apr 14;254:114-119. Epub 2018 Mar 14.

Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-818 Warsaw, Twarda 51/55, Poland.

The raccoon (Procyon lotor) is a North American carnivore introduced to Europe in the 20th Century. Raccoons are believed to be the potential hosts of many parasites, or to be involved in their transmission to other animals. Nematodes of the genus Trichinella can infect many carnivorous and omnivorous animals worldwide. Read More

Acta Parasitol 2018 Jun;63(2):252-260

MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.

Trichinella spiralis, the main pathogen of trichinosis, infects a wide range of mammalian hosts and is one of the most widespread parasites worldwide. For parasites, glycolysis is the most important way to generate energy. Previous studies showed that some enzymes involved in the glycolytic pathway play roles in regulation the host immunity. Read More

Parasite 2018 10;25:18. Epub 2018 Apr 10.

CIBAV research group, Veterinary Medicine School, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, University of Antioquia, Carrera 75 No 65-87, Medellín, Colombia.

A preliminary survey of Trichinella spp. infection was conducted in Colombian swine herds between 2014 and 2016. A total of 1,773 pigs reared on farms under controlled housing conditions and processed in 34 slaughterhouses were tested either by the artificial digestion of pooled muscle samples (n = 1,173) or by serology (n = 600). Read More