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PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019 Jan 28;13(1):e0007130. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China.

Background: China used to be among the countries with a high prevalence of trachoma. At the launch of The Global Elimination of Trachoma (GET) 2020 campaign by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1996, China was placed on the list of countries endemic for trachoma based on historical data. However, empirical observation and routinely collected eye care data were suggesting that trachoma was no longer a public health problem. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019 Jan 24;13(1):e0007104. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.

Background: Trachomatous trichiasis (TT) will continue to develop among those people who have had repeated infections after active trachoma is controlled. Detecting and treating affected individuals will remain necessary for years; a long "tail" of incident cases is anticipated. As the prevalence of TT declines, there will be fewer cases available for training trachoma graders (TG), necessitating alternative methods. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018 Dec;253(12):1623-1629

CASE DESCRIPTION A 7-year-old sexually intact female snow leopard (Panthera uncia) was examined because of blepharospasm, periocular discharge, ventral deviation of the upper eyelid cilia, third eyelid prolapse, and corneal opacity of the right eye. CLINICAL FINDINGS An ophthalmic examination performed with the patient anesthetized revealed a 3 × 3-mm ulcer that extended approximately 60% of the depth of the right cornea and was accompanied by perilesional and intralesional cellular infiltrates and active vascularization. The upper eyelid of the right eye also had a previously repaired coloboma resulting in trichiasis. Read More

Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2018 Dec 28:1-8. Epub 2018 Dec 28.

a Clinical Research Department , London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , London , UK.

Purpose: The prevalence of trichiasis is higher in females and increases markedly with age. Surveys carried out in the daytime, particularly in developing countries, are prone to find older individuals and females at home at the time of the survey. Population-level trichiasis estimates should adjust sample proportions to reflect the demographic breakdown of the population, although the most accurate method of doing this is unclear. Read More

Int J Ophthalmol 2018 18;11(12):1887-1888. Epub 2018 Dec 18.

Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Vision Science Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China.

As a contagious bacterial infection that affects the conjunctival covering of the eye, the cornea and the eyelids, trachoma is controlled by an endorsed integrated strategy consisting of surgery for trichiasis, antibiotic therapy, facial cleanliness and environmental improvement, namely, the SAFE strategy developed by World Health Organization. Developed based on evidence from previous field trials and constantly modified in practice, SAFE strategy has greatly boosted the progress in trachoma control. Regardless of the fact that there are still many pending questions, national program coordinators are convinced that trachoma control initiative based on SAFE strategy would be effective. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018 12 20;12(12):e0006623. Epub 2018 Dec 20.

The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.

Trachoma and Guinea Worm Disease (GWD) are neglected tropical diseases (NTD) slated for elimination as a public health problem and eradication respectively by the World Health Organization. As these programs wind down, uncovering the last cases becomes an urgent priority. In 2010, Ghana Health Services, along with The Carter Center, Sightsavers, and other partners, conducted integrated case searches for both GWD and the last stage of trachoma disease, trachomatous trichiasis (TT), as well as providing surgical treatment for TT to meet elimination (and eradication targets). Read More

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2019 Jan/Feb;35(1):e12-e13

Oxford University Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy has been increasingly employed in the treatment of a variety of tumors. The authors report the rarely documented side effect of trichiasis with the use of Afatinib in a patient with spinal chordoma and review-related literature. A 67-year-old lady was referred to the oculoplastic service with a 3-month history of ocular irritation and pain associated with blurred vision. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2018 Oct 30;18(1):283. Epub 2018 Oct 30.

Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, 1 Dongjiaominxiang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.

Background: Universal ocular screening of infants is not a standard procedure in children's health care system in China. This pilot study investigated prevalence of ocular abnormalities of 6 weeks-age infants using wide-field digital imaging system.

Methods: Infants aged 6 weeks around were consecutively enrolled in a public hospital between April 2015 and August 2016. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 2019 Jan 27;197:145-155. Epub 2018 Sep 27.

Eye Department, Shashemene Referral Hospital, Shashemene, Ethiopia; The Fred Hollows Foundation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Purpose: To assess the hypothesis that fluorometholone 0.1% eye drops are safe and effective as adjunctive therapy for trachomatous trichiasis (TT) surgery; determining the most promising dose.

Design: Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked parallel dose-ranging clinical trial. Read More

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2018 Dec;112(12):538-545

Trachoma Control Program, The Carter Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends conducting trachoma surveillance surveys in districts where the elimination targets have been met and following a minimum 2-year period after cessation of mass drug administration (MDA) in order to determine the sustainability of low trachoma levels.

Methods: In 2015, population-based surveillance surveys were conducted in five districts of Amhara, Ethiopia. All five districts had a prior trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) prevalence among children 1-9 y of age of <5% determined by an impact survey and had not received MDA for ≥2 y. Read More

Clin Ophthalmol 2018 11;12:1769-1773. Epub 2018 Sep 11.

Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan,

Purpose: Various ocular surface disorders, such as dry eye, infectious and non-infectious inflammation, anatomical anomalies in lid structure, and/or obstruction of the tear outflow tract, can cause epiphora. However, few reports have described the proportions of causative diseases in patients with epiphora. Therefore, we investigated the frequent causes of epiphora in older adult patients. Read More

PLoS One 2018 29;13(8):e0201911. Epub 2018 Aug 29.

Health Education Unit, Education Department, Eugenio María de Hostos Community College, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.

Introduction: We investigated the impact of two round of mass drug administration on trachoma prevalence in Plateau and Nasarawa States of Nigeria. The mass drug administration was conducted as a component of the SAFE Strategy, a combination of interventions recommended for the global elimination of blinding trachoma.

Methods: The study consisted of a two-stage cross-sectional clustered sample survey in which 3990 people from 793 households were screened for clinical signs of trachoma. Read More

Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2018 Oct - Dec;25(5-6):399-402. Epub 2018 Aug 1.

c School of Medicine , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , UK.

The SAFE strategy (Surgery for trichiasis, mass treatment with Antibiotics to clear ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection, and Facial cleanliness and Environmental improvement to reduce transmission) is being used to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem. Decisions on whether or not to implement the A, F, and E components of SAFE are made on the basis of the prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) in 1-9-year-olds. TF has a precise definition: at least five follicles, each of which is at least 0. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018 07 18;12(7):e0006669. Epub 2018 Jul 18.

Department of Health Information Technology, Dessie Health Science College, Dessie, Ethiopia.

Background: Globally, trachoma is the leading cause of infectious blindness. In Ethiopia, the overall Trachomatous Trichiasis (TT) surgical coverage is 41%. Identifying determinants for not utilizing TT surgery among TT patients is important to design and monitor effective intervention programs. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018 Oct 10;42(5):1304-1311. Epub 2018 Jul 10.

Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, 410015, China.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a new correction method (inverted "V" release surgery) for epicanthus as a cause of congenital entropion/trichiasis in the lower eyelid.

Methods: From May 2014 to May 2017, 60 eyes of 30 patients (13 male and 17 female patients, with the age of 6.85 ± 4. Read More

Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2018 Sep;29(5):451-457

Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Al Fayoum, Egypt.

Purpose Of Review: To review current practices for trachoma treatment with a focus on recent studies, particularly those discussing trachoma trichiasis surgery.

Recent Findings: Azithromycin eye drops twice daily for 3 days may be as efficient as oral azithromycin in treating active trachoma. Facial cleanliness and environmental improvement programming should employ a variety of behavior change techniques to give sustained improvements. Read More

Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018 Dec 8;46(9):1002-1007. Epub 2018 Jul 8.

Department of Ophthalmology, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand.

Importance: Cicatricial ectropion repair is effective and has a low complication rate.

Background: To evaluate the effectiveness and long-term functional outcomes of surgical repair of lower lid cicatricial ectropion.

Design: Prospective consecutive case series. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018 06 14;12(6):e0006464. Epub 2018 Jun 14.

Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.

Background: Trachomatous trichiasis is one of the leading causes of preventable blindness worldwide. A relatively simple surgery can spare vision. Although this surgery is usually performed free of charge in endemic regions, multiple studies indicate that surgical refusal is common. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018 06 11;12(6):e0006585. Epub 2018 Jun 11.

Regional office for Africa, Helen Keller International, Dakar, Senegal.

Background: Based on previous studies, historical records and risk factors, trachoma was suspected to be endemic in 31 health districts (HDs) in Guinea. To facilitate planning for the elimination of trachoma as a public health problem, national trachoma surveys were conducted between 2011 and 2016 to determine the prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) and trachomatous trichiasis (TT) in all 31 endemic HDs.

Methodology/principal Findings: A total of 27 cross-sectional surveys were conducted, each using two-stage cluster sampling (one survey in 2011 covered five HDs). Read More

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2018 Jul/Aug;34(4):e124-e127

Department of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

Linear scleroderma en coup de sabre with ophthalmic findings has been previously described in the literature on numerous occasions. A 57-year-old woman presented with focal trichiasis secondary to tarsal thinning, adjacent to a linear brow and forehead deformity consistent with linear scleroderma en coup de sabre. Cases of linear scleroderma en coup de sabre involving the eyelids have been reported, most often with madarosis, ptosis, or skin atrophy; however, to the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of linear scleroderma associated with trichiasis and involvement of the deeper eyelid tissues, particularly the tarsus. Read More

Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018 May 22;13(1):83. Epub 2018 May 22.

Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia.

Background: Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) and autoimmune blistering diseases (AIBD) describe a group of rare chronic dermatoses characterized by cutaneous fragility and blistering. Although uncommon, significant ocular surface disease (OSD) may occur in both and require ophthalmological assessment. Disease scoring systems have a critical role in providing objective and accurate assessment of disease severity. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2018 Apr 17;18(1):97. Epub 2018 Apr 17.

Department of Ophthalmology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for prevention and treatment of eye diseases, Yunnan Innovation Team for Cataract and Ocular fundus Disease (2017HC010), Yunnan Eye Institute, Yunnan Eye Hospital, The 2nd People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.

Background: To understand the situation of active trachoma among children aged 6 to 8 years old and scarring trachoma among those aged 15 and over in Yunnan Province, South-western China.

Methods: A rapid assessment of trachoma was conducted to determine the presence or absence of trachoma in Yunnan. Through risk assessment, 9 sites in 8 suspected trachoma epidemic counties were selected. Read More

Lancet Glob Health 2018 05;6(5):e579-e592

International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.

Background: Trachomatous trichiasis is treated surgically to prevent sight loss. Unfavourable surgical outcomes remain a major challenge. We investigated the hypothesis that doxycycline might reduce the risk of postoperative trichiasis following surgery in patients with trachomatous trichiasis through anti-matrix metalloproteinase and anti-inflammatory activity. Read More

Lancet Glob Health 2018 05;6(5):e483-e484

Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA. Electronic address:

Nepal J Ophthalmol 2017 07;9(18):175-179

Background: Blepharitis is a very common condition encountered in ophthalmology outpatient care department. Dermatological diseases like seborrheic keratopathy and rosacea have been frequently discussed as being associated with blepharitis. However Discoid lupus erythematosis [DLE], an autoimmune condition has only rarely been reported to involve the eyelids mimicking blepharitis. Read More

Wellcome Open Res 2018 22;3:14. Epub 2018 Feb 22.

Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.

The low population-prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis and high prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) provide contradictory estimates of the magnitude of the public health threat from trachoma in the Solomon Islands. Improved characterisation of the biology of trachoma in the region may support policy makers as they decide what interventions are required. Here, age-specific profiles of anti-Pgp3 antibodies and conjunctival scarring were examined to determine whether there is evidence of ongoing transmission and pathology from ocular infection. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2018 Jul;29(5):1208-1211

Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine.

Purpose: To assess the ophthalmologic complications after oculofacial plastic and esthetic surgeries, including their incidence and management.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 110 patients who presented with ocular complications followed by oculofacial plastic and esthetic surgeries from January 2014 to December 2015. The incidence and management of complications after each surgery or procedure were analyzed. Read More

Arq Bras Oftalmol 2018 Jan-Feb;81(1):47-52

Department of Ophthalmology, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Purpose: This study aimed to share the results of patients who underwent anterior tarsal flap rotation combined with anterior lamellar reposition because of cicatricial upper eyelid entropion, and to determine the effectiveness and reliability of this surgical technique.

Methods: Fifteen eyes of 11 patients (2 right eyes; 5 left eyes; and 4 bilateral eyes) on whom we performed anterior tarsal flap rotation surgery combined with anterior lamellar reposition because of cicatricial entropion were included in this study. The medical records of the patients were analyzed retrospectively, and the causes of cicatricial entropion as well as the preoperative and postoperative ophthalmic examination findings were recorded. Read More

PLoS One 2018 21;13(2):e0193161. Epub 2018 Feb 21.

Ophthalmology department, Chiang Mai University Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes impairment to the human immune system which leads to immunocompromised conditions, including ocular complications. Several important HIV-associated disorders may involve the anterior segment, ocular surface, and adnexae organ such as dry eye, blepharitis which reduce quality of life of patients. In present, potent antiretroviral therapies HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) has improved the length and quality of life which may lead to an increased prevalence of anterior segment ocular disorders. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018 02 12;12(2):e0006289. Epub 2018 Feb 12.

Regional Office for Africa, Helen Keller International, Dakar, Senegal.

Background: In 2009, three years after stopping mass treatment with azithromycin, a trachoma impact survey in four health districts in the Kayes region of Mali found a prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) among children aged 1 to 9 years of >5% and a trachomatous trichiasis (TT) prevalence within the general population (≥1-year-old) of <1%. As a result, the government's national trachoma program expanded trichiasis surgery and related activities required to achieve trachoma elimination.

Methodology/principal Findings: In 2015, to assess progress towards elimination, a follow-up impact survey was conducted in the Kayes, Kéniéba, Nioro and Yélimané health districts. Read More

Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2017 Oct-Dec;24(4):216-218

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

The purpose of the study was to report a case of focal trichiasis causing full-thickness corneal edema, scarring, and endothelial cell loss requiring penetrating keratoplasty (PK). A 66-year-old male was referred for trichiasis of the right upper eyelid corresponding to an area of full-thickness corneal edema. No keratic precipitates or guttata was noted. Read More

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2018 Nov/Dec;34(6):522-524

Division of Oculoplastic and Orbit, Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.

Purpose: To evaluate the use of autogenous tarsal graft for surgical correction of lower eyelid trichiasis associated with eyelid thinning.

Methods: A total of 23 eyelids of 19 consecutive patients with trichiasis were operated with a variant of the Van Millingen procedure. The surgery consisted of interposing a 3-mm high fragment of autogenous ipsilateral upper eyelid tarsus corresponding to the trichiasis segment between the pretarsal anterior lamella and the lower tarsal plate. Read More

Orbit 2018 Aug 4;37(4):314. Epub 2018 Jan 4.

a Ophthalmology Department , Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.

Vet Ophthalmol 2018 Sep 18;21(5):471-476. Epub 2017 Dec 18.

Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.

Purpose: To report ophthalmic examination findings and intraocular pressures (IOPs) in wild-caught African giant pouched rats (Cricetomys ansorgei and gambianus) from Tanzania and Ghana.

Procedures: After being placed under general anesthesia for examination, slit-lamp biomicroscopy before and after pharmacologic mydriasis and indirect ophthalmoscopy was performed. Eyes were fluorescein stained and IOPs measured by rebound tonometry using the TonoVet . Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017 12 12;11(12):e0006099. Epub 2017 Dec 12.

Neglected Tropical Diseases Program, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana.

Background: In order to achieve elimination of trachoma, a country needs to demonstrate that the elimination prevalence thresholds have been achieved and then sustained for at least a two-year period. Ghana achieved the thresholds in 2008, and since 2011 has been implementing its trachoma surveillance strategy, which includes community and school screening for signs of follicular trachoma and trichiasis, in trachoma-endemic districts. In 2015-2016, the country conducted a district level population-based survey to validate elimination of trachoma as a public health problem. Read More

Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018 01 29;56(1):29-33. Epub 2017 Nov 29.

Dept of Preventive & Social Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India.

We designed a retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy of retroseptal transconjunctival approaches in the management of fractures of the zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC). The patients were from a single institution, and had had three-point fixation of fractures of the ZMC between 2008 and 2016. A total of 77 patients (56 men and 21 women with a mean (range) age of 28 (18-54) years), were divided into two groups. Read More

Wellcome Open Res 2017 22;2:69. Epub 2017 Aug 22.

International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.

Trachomatous trichiasis (TT) may lead to disability, impeding productive activities, resulting in loss of income. This study was conducted to determine if trichiasis surgery improves participation in productive and leisure activities, and ability to perform activities without difficulty or assistance. We recruited 1000 adults with trichiasis (cases) and 200 comparison participants, matched to every fifth trichiasis case on age (+/- two years), sex and location. Read More

Sci Rep 2017 Nov 21;7(1):15960. Epub 2017 Nov 21.

Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.

Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS) is part of a spectrum of adverse drug reactions resulting in the destruction of skin, mucous membranes, and the ocular surface. A similar, more severe form of the disorder included in this spectrum is toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Approximately 35% of patients suffer chronic sequelae such as vascularization, corneal scarring, conjunctival inversion to the cornea, keratinization, symblepharon, scarring of the palpebral conjunctiva, trichiasis, and severe dry eye. Read More

Ocul Surf 2018 Jan 8;16(1):77-83. Epub 2017 Nov 8.

Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, New Zealand. Electronic address:

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of a dedicated eyelid cleanser and diluted baby shampoo in the management of blepharitis.

Methods: Forty-three participants with clinical blepharitis signs were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, double-masked, paired-eye trial. A dedicated eyelid cleanser (TheraTears SteriLid) was applied to the eyelids of one eye (randomized) and diluted baby shampoo (Johnson's No More Tears) to the fellow eye, twice daily for 4 weeks. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2018 Jan 21;47:234-239. Epub 2017 Oct 21.

Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address:

The aim of this paper is to gain better understanding of the ocular manifestations of multiple system atrophy (MSA), a neurodegenerative disorder rarely studied in terms of its ophthalmologic features. We performed a retrospective case series (1/1/05-12/31/14) to search for patients seen at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, who had mention of MSA in the medical record and an eye examination, which yielded 285 cases. Of the 285, we identified 39 cases of true MSA. Read More

JAMA Ophthalmol 2017 11;135(11):1141-1146

Research Triangle Institute (RTI) International, Washington, DC.

Importance: To verify districts for elimination of blinding trachoma, the World Health Organization requires a population-based surveillance survey for follicular trachoma (TF) and trachomatous trichiasis (TT) 2 years after mass drug administration (MDA) activities have ceased. However, it is unknown if 2 years provides enough time to discover reemergence.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of trachoma from surveys among 4 districts in Nepal (Dailekh, Dang, Surkhet, and Kanchanpur) that had surveillance intervals of 2, 4, 8, and 10 years, respectively, after cessation of MDA. Read More

J Small Anim Pract 2017 Dec 25;58(12):709-713. Epub 2017 Sep 25.

Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese (lato monte), 56122 San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy.

Objective: To describe a modified H-figure sliding skin flap for treating eyelid central neoplasms and to evaluate the cosmetic and functional results of this reconstructive blepharoplasty.

Material And Methods: Eight dogs affected by eyelid neoplasia involving more than one-third of the central part of the margin underwent an en bloc rectangular surgical removal of the neoplasia. Reconstructive surgery was performed using a temporal horizontal H-figure sliding skin flap. Read More

Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2017 Sep 14:1-10. Epub 2017 Sep 14.

l Clinical Research Department , London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , London , UK.

Purpose: Surveys are needed to guide trachoma control efforts in Mozambique, with WHO guidelines for intervention based on the prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) in children aged 1-9 years and the prevalence of trichiasis in adults aged 15 years and above. We conducted surveys to complete the map of trachoma prevalence in Mozambique.

Methods: Between July 2012 and May 2015, we carried out cross-sectional surveys in 96 evaluation units (EUs) covering 137 districts. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017 Sep 12;11(9):e0005863. Epub 2017 Sep 12.

Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.

Objective: In some Pacific Island countries, such as Solomon Islands and Fiji, active trachoma is common, but ocular Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection and trachomatous trichiasis (TT) are rare. On Tarawa, the most populous Kiribati island, both the active trachoma sign "trachomatous inflammation-follicular" (TF) and TT are present at prevalences warranting intervention. We sought to estimate prevalences of TF, TT, ocular Ct infection, and anti-Ct antibodies on Kiritimati Island, Kiribati, to assess local relationships between these parameters, and to help determine the need for interventions against trachoma on Kiribati islands other than Tarawa. Read More

Orbit 2018 Feb 30;37(1):36-40. Epub 2017 Aug 30.

a Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu , Universidade Estadual Paulista , Botucatu, Sao Paulo State , Brazil.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the outcomes of two surgical techniques to treat major trichiasis. A retrospective chart review of 67 patients (89 eyelids) with major trichiasis was performed who underwent surgical treatment using one of two techniques: intermarginal split lamella with graft (ISLG group) or lid lamella resection (LLR group). There were 30 lids in the ISLG group with mean patient age of 71. Read More

Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2018 Dec 29;25(sup1):192-200. Epub 2017 Aug 29.

k Clinical Research Department , London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , London , UK.

Purpose: Trachoma was suspected to be endemic in parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). We aimed to estimate prevalences of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF), trichiasis, and water and sanitation (WASH) indicators in suspected-endemic Health Zones.

Methods: A population-based prevalence survey was undertaken in each of 46 Health Zones across nine provinces of DRC, using Global Trachoma Mapping Project methods. Read More

Arq Bras Oftalmol 2017 06;80(3):V-VI

Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.

Pan Afr Med J 2017 5;27:84. Epub 2017 Jun 5.

Narok County Government, Narok, Kenya.

Introduction: The World Health Organization recommends TT surveys to be conducted in adults aged 15+ years (TT 15 survey) and certifies elimination of TT as a public health problem when there is less than 1 unknown case per 1,000 people of all ages. There is no standard survey method to accurately confirm this elimination prevalence threshold of 0.1% because rare conditions require large and expensive prevalence survey samples. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2017 Sep;28(6):1495-1497

Plastic Surgery Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of frontalis aponeurosis flap advancement in children with congenital severe blepharoptosis.

Methods: A total of 23 cases (25 eyes) of children who had congenital severe blepharoptosis and poor levator function (≤4 mm) and received frontalis aponeurosis flap advancement treatment in the Plastic Surgery Department of the Children's Hospital of Fudan University from January 1, 2013, to January 1, 2015, were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the postoperative effects.

Results: All patients (age range, 6-27 months) were followed up for an average duration of 15. Read More