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J Neurosurg Spine 2020 Jul 3:1-13. Epub 2020 Jul 3.

1Steyer School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Objective: Excitotoxicity due to neuronal damage and glutamate release is one of the first events that leads to the progression of neuronal degeneration and functional impairment. This study is based on a paradigm shift in the therapeutic approach for treating spinal cord injury (SCI). The authors tested a new treatment targeting removal of CNS glutamate into the blood circulation by injection of the blood glutamate scavengers (BGSs) recombinant enzyme glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (rGOT1) and its cosubstrate oxaloacetic acid (OxAc). Read More

Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2020 Jul 3. Epub 2020 Jul 3.

Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the association between improvement in exercise capacity and functional completeness of revascularization, determined by residual functional SYNTAX score (rFSS), which is the sum of residual SYNTAX score of the vessels with post- percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) quantitative flow ratio (QFR) ≤0.80.

Background: In patients with stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD), the efficacy of PCI in improving exercise capacity has been under debate and the differential effect of PCI for exercise capacity, according to functional completeness of revascularization, has not been evaluated. Read More

Chest 2020 Jun 29. Epub 2020 Jun 29.

Divisão de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address:

Background: Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) determines reduced exercise capacity. The speculated mechanisms of exercise impairment in PLCH are ventilatory and cardiocirculatory limitations, including pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Research Question: What are the mechanisms of exercise limitation, the exercise capacity and the prevalence of dynamic hyperinflation (DH) and PH in PLCH?

Study Design And Methods: In a cross-sectional study, PLCH patients underwent an incremental treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise test with an evaluation of DH, pulmonary function tests, and transthoracic echocardiography. Read More

Eur J Sport Sci 2020 Jun 30:1-10. Epub 2020 Jun 30.

School of Life Sciences and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.

Anthocyanin-rich blackcurrant extract (BC) has been shown to ergogenically aid high-intensity exercise. Capacity for such exercise is evaluated by the hyperbolic speed-tolerable duration (S-D) relationship. Therefore, in double-blinded and cross-over randomised controlled trials, 15 males underwent treadmill running incremental exercise testing and were assessed for S-D, quantified by critical speed (CS) and ' (distance), and assessments of time to exhaustion performance to empirically test the limits of the S-D relationship, after daily supplementation of 300 mg/d BC (105 mg/d anthocyanin) or placebo. Read More

Behav Brain Res 2020 Jun 26;393:112791. Epub 2020 Jun 26.

Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil. Electronic address:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease that is highly comorbid with depression. Gut dysfunction has been proposed as a possible risk factor for both clinical conditions. In the present study, we investigated the ability of treadmill exercise for 4 weeks (5 days/week, 40 min/day) to counteract amyloid β peptide (Aβ)-induced depressive-like behavior, alterations in morphological parameters of the duodenum, and the abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla. Read More

Ter Arkh 2019 Sep 15;91(9):101-107. Epub 2019 Sep 15.

National Medical Research Center of Cardiology.

Aim: We aimed to assess autoantibodies to M2-cholinoceptors (M2-CR) in patients with paroxysmal lone atrial fibrillation (AF) and in patients with AF and arterial hypertension (AH).

Materials And Methods: 100 patients with lone AF and 84 patients with AF and AH were included. Patients underwent clinical blood and urinalysis, assessment of biochemistry blood panel, 12-lead ECG, 24-hour Holter monitoring, echocardiography and stress - testing (treadmill or stress - echocardiography). Read More

Ergonomics 2020 Jun 26:1-7. Epub 2020 Jun 26.

Department of Kinesiology, University of North Alabama, Florence, AL, USA.

This study examined movement economy under load with 1000 g minimalist (MIN) vs. 1600 g traditional (TRD) style boots. Fourteen trained, male participants completed a VO test (46. Read More

Nutrients 2020 Jun 23;12(6). Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.

The role of dietary antioxidants on exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative stress has been well investigated. However, the contribution of total dietary antioxidant capacity on exogenous antioxidant defense and exercise performance has commonly been disregarded. The aims of the present investigation were to examine (i) the effects of dietary total antioxidant intake on body antioxidant mechanisms, and (ii) an exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative damage in ultra-endurance athletes. Read More

Behav Sci (Basel) 2020 Jun 23;10(6). Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.

The purpose of this study was to investigate if prefrontal cortex (PFC) oxygenation during incremental exercise is altered among cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients who completed 6 weeks of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Nineteen (male = 14, female = 5; 65.5 ± 11. Read More

Physiol Behav 2020 Jun 20;224:113021. Epub 2020 Jun 20.

Department of Anatomical Sciences, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, KM 17 Khazarabad Road, Khazar Sq, Sari, Iran. Electronic address:

Diabetes mellitus and ovarian hormone deficiency are associated with mood and cognition disorders. We aimed to study the possible beneficial effects of treadmill exercise on cognitive impairments and anxiety-related behaviors in ovariectomized diabetic rats. Fourteen days after bilateral ovariectomy or sham operation, adult female Wistar rats (n = 7 per group) received an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) for induction of diabetes mellitus or citrate buffer. Read More

Isr Med Assoc J 2020 06;22(6):357-363

Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.

Background: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is underutilized globally despite evidence of clinical benefit. Major obstacles for wider adoption include distance from the rehabilitation center, travel time, and interference with daily routine. Tele-cardiac rehabilitation (tele-CR) can potentially address some of these limitations, enabling patients to exercise in their home environment or community. Read More

J Bras Pneumol 2020 15;46(5):e20180353. Epub 2020 Jun 15.

. Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente (SP) Brasil.

Objective: To determine the relationships that smoking history has with inflammatory markers, metabolic markers, body composition, muscle strength, and cardiopulmonary capacity in current smokers.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 65 smokers (age range: 18-60 years). On three non-consecutive days, each participant was evaluated in terms of smoking history, pre-existing comorbidities, lung function (by spirometry), peripheral muscle strength (by dynamometry), body composition (by bioelectrical impedance analysis), levels of metabolic/inflammatory markers, and maximum cardiopulmonary capacity (by treadmill exercise test). Read More

Front Pharmacol 2020 29;11:804. Epub 2020 May 29.

Neuroscience Research Center, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.

We assessed the antidepressant-like effects of environmental enrichment (EE) and physical exercise (PE) compared with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine against the depression-related neurobehavioral alterations induced by postweaning social isolation (SI) in rats. After 1 month of SI, rats were submitted to PE (treadmill), EE, or fluoxetine (10 mg/kg), which were compared with naïve SI and group-housed rats. After 1 month, behavior was analyzed in the open field (OFT), the sucrose preference (SPT), and the forced swimming (FST) tests. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020 Jun 11;17(11). Epub 2020 Jun 11.

Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.

Emotion regulation (ER) is a strong predictor of different aspects of mental health and wellbeing. However, only recently has ER been examined in relation to physical activity and its effects on fitness. In the present study, 26 elite helicopter pilots, serving in the Spanish Air Force, were physically trained for 6 months, and their level of fitness (maximum oxygen consumption and time to exhaustion in a treadmill-running test) was assessed before and after that period. Read More

J Arrhythm 2020 Jun 13;36(3):508-517. Epub 2020 Apr 13.

Cardiology Department Ankara City Hospital Ankara Turkey.

Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) is a predictor of cardiac autonomic functions. Ventricular repolarization markers can indicate ventricular arrhythmias. We aimed to evaluate variations of HRV and these repolarization markers in five healthy male groups between age 30 and 79 years according to decades. Read More

PLoS One 2020 11;15(6):e0234507. Epub 2020 Jun 11.

Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.

Introduction: Maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) is a measure of cardiorespiratory fitness often used to monitor changes in fitness during and after treatment in cancer patients. There is, however, limited knowledge in how criteria verifying [Formula: see text] work for patients newly diagnosed with cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of fulfillment of typical criteria verifying [Formula: see text] and to investigate the associations between the criteria and the test leader's evaluation whether a test was performed "to exhaustion". Read More

J Biomech 2020 Jun 11;106:109823. Epub 2020 May 11.

Bioengineering and Biomechanics Laboratory, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.

The aerobic endurance is considered an important physiological capacity of soccer players which is examined by Incremental Exercise Test (IET). However, it is not clear how general fatigue induced by IET influences physiological and biomechanical gait features in soccer players and how players recover optimally at post-IET. Here, the effect of general fatigue induced by IET on energy cost, gait variability and stability in soccer players was investigated. Read More

Physiol Rep 2020 Jun;8(11):e14473

Department of Human Sciences, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan.

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of short-term hypoxic training on lactate metabolism in the gluteus medius muscle of Thoroughbreds. Using crossover design (3 months washout), eight Thoroughbred horses were trained for 2 weeks in normoxia (F O  = 21%) and hypoxia (F O  = 18%) each. They ran at 95% maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O ) on a treadmill inclined at 6% for 2 min (3 days/week) measured under normoxia. Read More

J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020 May 31;62:126572. Epub 2020 May 31.

Exercise Physiology Lab, Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Extremadura, Avenida De La Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain. Electronic address:

Aim: This study aims to determine the changes induced by a maximal exercise test until exhaustion on the serum and urinary concentrations of Magnesium (Mg), Phosphorous (P), Rubidium (Rb) and Strontium (Sr) in athletes (AG) and sedentary students (SG).

Methods: Fifty subjects participated in the study divided into two groups. In AG there were twenty-five male athletes and in SG there were twenty-five male sedentary students. Read More

J Exerc Rehabil 2020 Apr 28;16(2):124-131. Epub 2020 Apr 28.

Division of Sport Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.

We wanted to find the intensity of exercise that could increase brain- derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and improve spatial learning and memory without dietary control. C57BL/6 mice were fed a 60% high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks to induce obesity. Obesity-induced mice were exercised on a treadmill for 8 weeks at various exercise in-tensities: HFD-control (n=7), HFD-low-intensity exercise (HFD-LIE, n= 7, 12 m/min for 75 min), HFD-middle intensity exercise (HFD-MIE, n=7, 15 m/min for 60 min) and HFD-high-intensity exercise (HFD-HIE, n=7, 18 m/min for 50 min). Read More

Concussion 2020 May 14;5(2):CNC73. Epub 2020 May 14.

Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, South Carolina, SC 29528, USA.

Aim: To examine the effects of maximal exercise on symptoms, vestibular/ocular motor screening (VOMS) and postural stability.

Methodology: A total of 17 college-aged individuals completed a symptom scale, VOMS and the modified Clinical Test for Sensory Interaction and Balance (m-CTSIB), followed by a graded maximal exercise treadmill test. Assessments were repeated post exercise, 20 and 40 min post-exercise. Read More

Int J Exerc Sci 2020 1;13(4):689-701. Epub 2020 May 1.

School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, CANADA.

The study objectives were to 1) evaluate the criterion validity and reliability of the Mi Band 2 wearable activity monitor to measure steps during a six-minute walk test (6MWT), a treadmill walking test at various speed (1.28 km/h, 1.92 km/h, and 2. Read More

Int J Exerc Sci 2020 1;13(4):427-437. Epub 2020 May 1.

Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, USA.

Running economy (RE) is defined as the oxygen consumption (VO) or caloric unit cost required to move at a specific velocity and is an important performance marker. Ground contact time (GCT) has been associated with RE; however, it has not been established how GCT imbalances between feet impact RE.

Purpose: Determine the relationship between cadence, GCT, and GCT imbalances and RE. Read More

Front Physiol 2020 19;11:412. Epub 2020 May 19.

Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Centre for Elite Sports Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.

To compare peak oxygen uptake (VO) between the asynchronous arm crank ergometry (ACE), and synchronous wheelchair ergometry (WERG), wheelchair treadmill (WTR), and upper-body poling (UBP) mode. PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus™ were systematically searched, and identified studies screened based on title, abstract, and thereafter full-text. Studies comparing VO between ≥2 of the modes were included. Read More

Equine Vet J 2020 Jun 3. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.

Background: There are several bioengineering solutions aimed at improving human health and welfare. Smart electrodes based on textile substrates have met the growing demand for comfort, reliability, and robustness when acquiring physiological signals.

Objectives: Given the importance of good quality electrocardiograms (ECG) in equine sports medicine, this study focuses on the validation of smart textile electrodes to acquire ECG signals in horses during treadmill exercise. Read More

Glob Heart 2020 Mar 3;15(1):22. Epub 2020 Mar 3.

National Heart Centre Singapore, SG.

Introduction: Chest pain is a common symptom for cardiology referrals. The ACC-AHA guidelines recommend exercise stress electrocardiography (TMX) as the initial diagnostic test. However, the TMX only has moderate sensitivity and non-diagnostic cases may require further stress imaging studies. Read More

Iran J Basic Med Sci 2020 Apr;23(4):483-493

Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North-Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Objectives: It is known that treadmill exercise has beneficial effects on the nervous system. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a role in such effects. This study aimed at investigating effects of intermittent treadmill exercise-induced behavioral, histology, and immunohistochemistry (H&E, TH) measurement of brain interleukin-10 (IL-10) in a mice male model of Parkinson's disease (PD), which is induced by intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), as well as the role of BDNF gene in exercise effects. Read More

Int Neurourol J 2020 May 31;24(Suppl 1):S28-38. Epub 2020 May 31.

School of Global Sport Studies, Korea University, Sejong, Korea.

Purpose: Thrombotic stroke is a type of ischemic stroke characterized by motor dysfunction and memory impairments. In the present study, the effect of treadmill exercise on motor function and short-term memory was evaluated in relation with synaptic plasticity in the mice with photothrombotic stroke.

Methods: Photothrombotic stroke was induced by cortical photothrombotic vascular occlusion. Read More

PLoS One 2020 1;15(6):e0233264. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Equine Exercise Physiology (LAFEQ), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.

The dogs' responses to training exercise are seldom monitored using physiological variables, and cardiac autonomic regulation (CAR) is a relevant determinant of endurance-training adaptation. There are studies in the literature establishing that regular exercise could interfere with CAR in dogs, measured by heart rate and vagal-derived indexes of heart-rate-variability (HRV). However, few studies were found using a prescribed training program based on the lactate threshold (LT) to determine HRV by a 24-h Holter analysis. Read More

Anxiety Stress Coping 2020 Jun 1:1-14. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK.

Performing physical activity whilst exposed to nature can improve health. However, there is little evidence of its impact on stress outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the visual exercise environment on the response to a psychosocial stressor. Read More

J Card Fail 2020 May 27. Epub 2020 May 27.

Department of ECE, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.

Background: To estimate oxygen uptake (VO) from cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) using simultaneously recorded seismocardiogram (SCG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals captured with a small wearable patch. CPX is an important risk stratification tool for patients with heart failure (HF) owing to the prognostic value of the features derived from the gas exchange variables such as VO. However, CPX requires specialized equipment, as well as trained professionals to conduct the study. Read More

Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2020 May 29:1-7. Epub 2020 May 29.

Purpose: To profile sprint endurance performance of elite-level female soccer players.

Methods: Twenty-five female national-team soccer players (age 25.1 [2. Read More

J Allied Health 2020 ;49(2):e99-e103

California State University Sacramento, 6000 J Street MS 6020, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA. Tel 916-278-5054, fax 916-278-6842.

Aim: There is growing evidence that confirms the benefits of partially supporting a person's body weight during exercise. Lower body positive pressure (LBPP) unweighting is a new method of providing partial body weight support. This pilot study aims to investigate the effect of LBPP treadmill training on balance, mobility and lower extremity strength in community-dwelling older adults. Read More

Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020 May 29. Epub 2020 May 29.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of L-carnitine and piracetam on the muscle injury induced by simvastatin in healthy male subjects during the therapy with oral doses of 10 mL of a solution containing L-carnitine 100 mg/mL + piracetam 80 mg/mL (test group) or placebo (control group) and 40 mg simvastatin once a day during 35 consecutive days. The effect of L-carnitine and piracetam in the reduction of myopathic symptomatology caused by exercise, as well as safety and tolerability were also evaluated.

Materials And Methods: This study was performed on two different occasions, of which 42 subjects were investigated on occasion 1 and 19 on occasion 2. Read More

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2020 15;12:16. Epub 2020 May 15.

1Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, 160-500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7 Canada.

Background: Decreased oxygenation of muscle may be accentuated during exercise at high altitude. Monitoring the oxygen saturation of muscle (SmO) during hand grip exercise using near infrared spectroscopy during acute exposure to hypoxia could provide a model for a test of muscle performance without the competing cardiovascular stresses that occur during a cycle ergometer or treadmill test. The purpose of this study was to examine and compare acute exposure to normobaric hypoxia versus normoxia on deoxygenation and recruitment of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) during submaximal intermittent handgrip exercise (HGE) in healthy adults. Read More

High Alt Med Biol 2020 May 28. Epub 2020 May 28.

Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.

In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the traditional Chinese medicine, Compound Danshen Dripping Pill (CDDP), can prevent acute mountain sickness (AMS). We allocated CDDP and matching placebos to 160 volunteers before they ascended to a high altitude. Treadmill exercise tests, echocardiography, blood routine examinations, biochemical analysis, and blood gas analysis were performed upon arrival at high altitude. Read More

Nutrients 2020 May 25;12(5). Epub 2020 May 25.

Department of Food and Nutrition. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara. State University of São Paulo, Araraquara 14801-902, Brazil.

Based on the fact that taurine can increase lipid metabolism, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of acute taurine supplementation on lipid oxidation levels in healthy young men after a single bout of fasting aerobic exercise. A double-blind, acute, and crossover study design was conducted. Seventeen men (age 24. Read More

J Sport Exerc Psychol 2020 May 22:1-8. Epub 2020 May 22.

University of Alberta.

This study was designed to assess the effects of acute exercise on performance of a paired associate learning (PAL) test, an operationalization of hippocampal-dependent associative memory. Participants performed a PAL test and then ran on a treadmill (exercise group, n = 52) or solved Sudoku puzzles (control group, n = 54). Participants returned 2, 5, or 8 hr later to perform a second, different, PAL test. Read More

Pflugers Arch 2020 Jun 27;472(6):683-691. Epub 2020 May 27.

Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether increased expression of SUR2A, a regulatory subunit of sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive K (K) channels, improves adaptation to physical stress and regulates cardiac electrophysiology in physical stress. All experiments have been done on transgenic mice in which SUR2A expression was controlled by cytomegalovirus immediate-early (CMV) promoter (SUR2A) and their littermate wild-type controls (WT). The levels of mRNA in heart tissue were measured by real-time RT-PCR. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020 May 23;17(10). Epub 2020 May 23.

School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.

The forehand loop drive is one of the primary attacking techniques in table tennis and is practiced at a large volume during training. The aim of this study was to investigate the energetic profile of the high-repetition forehand loop drive practice in table tennis. Twenty-six well-trained, young table tennis players performed a treadmill graded exercise test to determine their peak oxygen uptake as a measure of overall cardiorespiratory fitness and an incremental table tennis stroke test with 3-min intervals during the forehand loop drive with a ball-throwing robot at a frequency of 35 to 85 strokes∙min. Read More

Pediatr Pulmonol 2020 May 26. Epub 2020 May 26.

School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.

Background: Exercise testing is routinely used to measure exercise capacity in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Various tests are available, however the psychometric properties of these measures have not been systematically reviewed for this population.

Method: A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, CINHAL, Cochrane, and PEDro) was performed to identify papers that: (a) reported original psychometric data, (b) examined a measure of exercise capacity, (c) examined children with CF aged eight to 18 years; and (d) were published in English after 1950. Read More

Pediatr Int 2020 May 25. Epub 2020 May 25.

Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Okinawa Nanbu and Children's Medical Center, Okinawa, Japan.

Background: Abnormal dynamics of QT intervals in response to sympathetic nervous system stimulation is used to diagnose long-QT syndrome (LQTS). We hypothesized that parasympathetic stimulation with cold-water face immersion following exercise influences QT dynamics in patients with LQTS type 3 (LQT3).

Method: Study participants (n=42; mean age=11. Read More

J Sport Health Sci 2020 May 23;9(3):274-282. Epub 2019 Dec 23.

School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. Electronic address:

Background: Low cardiorespiratory fitness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and interventions that increase fitness reduce risk. Water-walking decreases musculoskeletal impact and risk of falls in older individuals, but it is unclear whether water-walking improves aerobic fitness in the same way as weight-dependent land-walking. This randomized controlled trial involved 3 intervention groups-a no-exercise control group (CG), a land-walking (LW) group, and a water-walking (WW) group-to investigate the comparative impacts of LW and WW to CG on fitness. Read More

J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020 May;60(5):786-793

Center for Exercise Science and Sport, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.

Background: A moderate 1-km treadmill walk test (1k-TWT) has been demonstrated to be a valid tool for estimating peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) in outpatients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The results obtained by the 1k-TWT predict survival and hospitalization in men and women with CVD. We aimed to examine whether shorter versions of the full 1k-TWT equally assess VO2peak in outpatients with CVD. Read More

Diagnostics (Basel) 2020 May 16;10(5). Epub 2020 May 16.

Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery; University Hospital of Ferrara. Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy.

We assessed whether muscle metabolism biomarkers (MMb) identified by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) are valid for determining adaptations following revascularization or exercise training in peripheral artery disease (PAD). Eighteen patients (males = 13; 69 ± 7 years) were randomized to receive revascularization (Rev = 6) or pain-free home-based exercise (Ex = 12). MMb were safely collected via a NIRS-assisted treadmill test as area-under-curve for the spectra of oxygenated (-oxy), deoxygenated (-deoxy), differential (-diff) and total (-tot) hemoglobin traces. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020 May 15;17(10). Epub 2020 May 15.

Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.

This study compared physiological responses and cognitive performance during simulated work activities in heat to a thermoneutral condition. First responders perform physically demanding activities in a hot environment which may impose additional burdens on tactical personnel during daily tasks. Ten healthy (8 men and 2 women) participants performed two consecutive simulated work activities with two repetitions of each activity (10 min walking on treadmill and 15 sandbag lifts) under heat and thermoneutral conditions. Read More

J Cardiovasc Nurs 2020 May 14. Epub 2020 May 14.

Aluisio Andrade-Lima, PhD Postdoctoral Researcher, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Natan da Silva Junior, PhD Postdoctoral Researcher, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Marcel Chehuen, PhD Postdoctoral Researcher, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Roberto Miyasato, MsC MsC Student, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Rodrigo W.A. Souza, PhD Postdoctoral Researcher, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Anthony S. Leicht, PhD, Associate Professor, Sport & Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia. Patricia C. Brum, PhD Associate Professor, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Edilamar M. de Oliveira, PhD Associate Professor, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Nelson Wolosker, PhD Associate Professor, Albert Einstein Israelite Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil. Claudia L.M. Forjaz, PhD Associate Professor, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a single bout of maximal walking on blood and muscle nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, oxidative stress, and inflammation in symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients.

Methods: A total of 35 men with symptomatic PAD performed a graded maximal exercise test on a treadmill (3.2 km/h, 2% increase in grade every 2 minutes). Read More

J Am Coll Nutr 2020 May 15:1-7. Epub 2020 May 15.

Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Energy drink (ED) intake could initiate physiological changes owing to its stimulant characteristics and, it improves endurance and athletic performance. We evaluated the acute effects of ED on autonomic heart rate (HR) control during recovery after a session of submaximal aerobic exercise. The study was completed by submitting 29 healthy males between 18 and 30 years old to three conventions: (A) Maximum exercise test by the adapted Bruce protocol; (B) Placebo protocol (PP) - water intake 15 minutes prior to exercise, rest in dorsal decubitus for 15 minutes followed by 5 minutes of treadmill running at 1% inclination, initial speed of 5 km/h for 5 minutes 25 minutes with 60% of the velocity consistent to the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), and finally 60 minutes of recovery at rest in the supine position; (C) Experimental protocol (PE) - similar to PP previously, but with ED intake 15 minutes before physical exercise. Read More

Int J Inflam 2020 28;2020:6492720. Epub 2020 Apr 28.

UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu, Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology Area, SP, Brazil.

Introduction: Acute exacerbation is an important factor for a worse prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It promotes the increase of the inflammatory process and worsens quality of life, lung function, and muscle weakness. It is believed that physical exercise performed during the exacerbation breaks the vicious cycle of systemic manifestations without an increase in the inflammatory process. Read More

Eur J Appl Physiol 2020 Jul 12;120(7):1591-1599. Epub 2020 May 12.

Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.

Purpose: The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of the probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) on the exercise-induced disruption of gastrointestinal (GI) integrity and the associated release of damage and inflammatory markers.

Methods: After a pre-performance test, 19 untrained subjects (aged 18-35 years) passed two identical exhaustive treadmill exercise tests in an intensity corresponding to 60-80% VO in a test-retest design. The exercise tests were separated by a time period of 4 weeks. Read More