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Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.

Background: Executive dysfunctioning after pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been linked to poor outcomes in school performance, social functioning and employment. The credibility of training-induced cognitive enhancement in TBI is threatened by its limited proof of benefit in executive skills of daily living.

Aim: Our primary aim was to investigate if cognitive intervention for improving impairments in executive functions in the chronic stage of traumatic brain injury is effective during adolescence. Read More

Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Humanities, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.

In this paper we present the study of a skull belonging to a young male from the Italian Bronze Age showing three perimortem injuries on the frontal and parietal bones; the peculiarity of the frontal injury is represented by its singular shape, which may be indicative of the weapon that caused the lesion. The aim of the present study is to examine the traumatic evidence in relation to possible etiological factors, in order to attempt to establish if the lesion occurred peri or post-mortem, and to evaluate if these traumatic injuries could be interpreted as an evidence of interpersonal violence, by combining anthropological, taphonomic and ESEM investigations. The combination of multidisciplinary methods of study can provide important new insights into inter-personal violence. Read More

Intensive Care Med 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Emergency and Intensive Care Department, Hospital de Faro, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.

J Spine Surg 2018 Sep;4(3):654-657

Department of Neurosurgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia.

The Morel-Lavallée lesion (MLL) is a closed degloving injury caused by traumatic separation of the subcutaneous tissue from the underlying fascia, without a break in the overlying skin. We present two cases that demonstrate a previously unrecognised association of the MLL with thoracolumbar spine fractures. The lesion is frequently missed, or its significance is overlooked, on initial evaluation. Read More

Trauma Case Rep 2019 Feb 5;19:1-6. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Department of General Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery, Eulji University Hostpital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.

Post-traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the gastric artery is very rare. Prompt diagnosis and management are necessary because mortality is high due to massive intra-abdominal hemorrhage. A 79-year-old man complained of abdominal pain after slipping down 2 days prior to admission. Read More

Cureus 2018 Oct 9;10(10):e3434. Epub 2018 Oct 9.

Internal Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, New York, USA.

Background Despite advances in resuscitation science and public health, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OOHCA) cases have an average survival rate of only 12% nationwide, compared to 24.8% of cases occurring in hospital. Many factors, including resuscitation interventions, contribute to positive patient outcomes and have, therefore, been studied in attempts to optimize emergency medical services (EMS) protocols to achieve higher rates of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in the field. Read More

Dement Neuropsychol 2018 Oct-Dec;12(4):415-420

Young Researchers and Elite Club, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of main causes of death and disability among many young and old populations in different countries.

Objective: The aim of this study were to consider and predict the cognitive impairments according to different levels and causes of TBI, and education status.

Methods: The study was performed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to estimate cognitive impairment in patients at a trauma center in Zahedan city. Read More

J Child Adolesc Trauma 2018 2;11(4):411-420. Epub 2018 Jun 2.

4School of Social Work, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.

Based on a populational survey conducted among 1400 adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years old, the aim of this study is to assess the relationships between their community violence experiences and their psychological health (anger, depressive symptoms, and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms). One MANOVA confirms that both boys and girls who report at least one incident of physical community violence present more psychological difficulties, especially anger. Subsequent MANOVAs show that anger intensity varies depending on whether the youth was a direct victim or a witness only, as well as on the diversity of the types of violent manifestations and on acquaintance with the perpetrator, whereas the presence of injuries has no significant effect. Read More

Front Immunol 2018 27;9:2757. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States.

The secondary injury cascade that is activated following traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces responses from multiple physiological systems, including the immune system. These responses are not limited to the area of brain injury; they can also alter peripheral organs such as the intestinal tract. Gut microbiota play a role in the regulation of immune cell populations and microglia activation, and microbiome dysbiosis is implicated in immune dysregulation and behavioral abnormalities. Read More

Nat Rev Neurol 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Division of Anaesthesia, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Cerebral autoregulatory dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is strongly linked to poor global outcome in patients at 6 months after injury. However, our understanding of the drivers of this dysfunction is limited. Genetic variation among individuals within a population gives rise to single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have the potential to influence a given patient's cerebrovascular response to an injury. Read More

BMJ 2018 Dec 13;363:k5094. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Michigan Integrated Center for Health Analytics and Medical Prediction, Department of Internal Medicine and Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Objective: To determine if using a parachute prevents death or major traumatic injury when jumping from an aircraft.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Private or commercial aircraft between September 2017 and August 2018. Read More

Schizophr Res 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

Introduction: The relationship between childhood trauma and the risk of psychosis is well established. However, the mechanisms of the relationship are still unknown. We investigated whether two factors involved in the risk of psychosis - self-disturbances and aberrant salience - mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and psychotic-like experiences in the general population. Read More

Neurocirugia (Astur) 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Servicio de Urgencias y Unidad de Corta Estancia, Hospital General de Alicante, Alicante, España.

J Transl Med 2018 Dec 13;16(1):353. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Jiaomen North Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100068, China.

Background: Neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) is a major physical and psychological problem in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), and gut dysbiosis is commonly occurs in SCI. Here, we document neurogenic bowel management of male patients with chronic traumatic complete SCI in our centre and perform comparative analysis of the gut microbiota between our patients and healthy males.

Methods: A total of 43 male patients with chronic traumatic complete SCI (20 with quadriplegia and 23 with paraplegia) and 23 healthy male adults were enrolled. Read More

Healthcare (Basel) 2018 Dec 12;6(4). Epub 2018 Dec 12.

School of Psychology, Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Robina, Gold Coast, QLD 4229, Australia.

Clinical EFT (Emotional Freedom Techniques) is an evidence-based method that combines acupressure with elements drawn from cognitive and exposure therapies. The approach has been validated in more than 100 clinical trials. Its efficacy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been investigated in a variety of demographic groups including war veterans, victims of sexual violence, the spouses of PTSD sufferers, motor accident survivors, prisoners, hospital patients, adolescents, and survivors of natural and human-caused disasters. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Dec;97(49):e13150

Department of Trauma Surgery, Ujeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a comorbid condition prevalent in patients recovering from trauma. Due to the paucity of studies investigating the etiology of this condition, the present study sought to analyze the high-risk group of BPPV patients following trauma.Trauma patients visiting the emergency department from January to December 2016 were enrolled. Read More

Neurosurg Focus 2018 Dec;45(6):E15

Over the past 8 years, advances in the US Military Health System (MHS) have led to extensive changes in the way combat casualty care is provided to deployed service members with a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Changes include the application of cutting-edge Clinical Practice Guidelines, use of pioneering technologies, and advances in evacuation procedures. Compared with previous engagements, current operations occur on a much smaller scale, and more frequently in austere environments, such that effective medical support is increasingly challenging. Read More

Neurosurg Focus 2018 Dec;45(6):E16

The impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been demonstrated in various studies with respect to prevalence, morbidity, and mortality data. Many of the patients burdened with long-term sequelae of TBI are veterans. Although fewer in number, female veterans with TBI have been suggested to suffer from unique physical, mental, and social challenges. Read More

Neurosurg Focus 2018 Dec;45(6):E2

OBJECTIVEIn combat and austere environments, evacuation to a location with neurosurgery capability is challenging. A planning target in terms of time to neurosurgery is paramount to inform prepositioning of neurosurgical and transport resources to support a population at risk. This study sought to examine the association of wait time to craniectomy with mortality in patients with severe combat-related brain injury who received decompressive craniectomy. Read More

Neurosurg Focus 2018 Dec;45(6):E17

Military neurosurgery has played an integral role in the development and innovation of neurosurgery and neurocritical care in treating battlefield injuries. It is of paramount importance to continue to train and prepare the next generation of military neurosurgeons. For the Army, this is currently primarily achieved through the military neurosurgery residency at the National Capital Consortium and through full-time out-service positions at the Veterans Affairs-Department of Defense partnerships with the University of Florida, the University of Texas-San Antonio, and Baylor University. Read More

Neurosurg Focus 2018 Dec;45(6):E7

OBJECTIVEIn the ongoing conflict in southern Thailand, the improvised explosive device (IED) has been a common cause of blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI). The authors investigated the particular characteristics of bTBI and the factors associated with its clinical outcome.METHODSA retrospective cohort study was conducted on all patients who had sustained bTBI between 2009 and 2017. Read More

Neurosurg Focus 2018 Dec;45(6):E9

This article aims to describe the French concept regarding combat casualty neurosurgical care from the theater of operations to a homeland hospital. French military neurosurgeons are not routinely deployed to all combat zones. As a consequence, general surgeons initially treat neurosurgical wounds. Read More

J Knee Surg 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New England Baptist Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

While femoral intramedullary alignment has been found to be the most accurate and reproducible method for proper femoral component orientation in total knee arthroplasty, certain situations preclude the use of intramedullary alignment, such as ipsilateral long-stem total hip arthroplasty, femoral shaft deformity (congenital or post-traumatic), capacious femoral canal, and retained hardware. These cases require alternative alignment guides, that is, extramedullary alignment. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of intramedullary alignment in reproducing the femoral anatomic axis. Read More

Br Med Bull 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response at King's College London, Weston Education Centre, 10 Cutcombe Road, London, UK.

Background: Many people who experience a disaster will do so as part of an occupational group, either by chance or due to the nature of their role.

Sources Of Data: This review is based on literature published in scientific journals.

Areas Of Agreement: There are many social and occupational factors, which affect post-disaster mental health. Read More

Int J Surg 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Background: A systolic blood pressure (SBP) lower than the heart rate (HR) could indicate a poor condition in trauma patients. In such scenarios, the reversed shock index (RSI) is <1, as calculated by the SBP divided by the HR. This study aimed to clarify whether RSI could be used to identify high-risk adult patients with isolated traumatic brain injury (TBI). Read More

Traffic Inj Prev 2018 Dec 13:1-5. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

c U. S. Army Research Laboratory , Weapons and Materials Research Directorate , Aberdeen Proving Ground , Maryland.

Objective: Although the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) was initially developed in the mid-1960s for tracking injury in automotive and aircraft crashes, it has grown to become an internationally recognized scoring system for a variety of traumatic injuries. This shift in focus and advances in organized medical care, combined with feedback from field use and outcome analysis, have resulted in several AIS updates and revisions. This article demonstrates how AIS codes and severities have changed over the last 25 years and investigates the effects of those changes. Read More

J Altern Complement Med 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

4 Department of Naturopathic Medicine, Wholeness Center , Fort Collins, CO.

Objectives: Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychotomimetic cannabinoid compound that is found in plants of the genus Cannabis. Preclinical research has suggested that CBD may have a beneficial effect in rodent models of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This effect is believed to be due to the action of CBD on the endocannabinoid system. Read More

Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Neurorehabilitation Unit, Department of Rehabilitation, HABILITA, Zingonia di Ciserano, Bergamo, Italy.

Background: Literature shows that occurrence of comorbidities in people with severe acquired brain injury (sABI) is a common problem in rehabilitation stay. Consequently, patients could require an increase of interventions for diagnosis and treatment of clinical conditions, with a reduction of the rehabilitative take in charge for both clinical and organizational aspects.

Aim: The first aim was to evaluate the rate of clinical conditions of sABI patients at admission in rehabilitation and the types of rehabilitative interventions performed in the first week; second objective was to explore the impact of clinical conditions on real rehabilitative take in charge. Read More

J Neurotrauma 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

University of Eastern Finalnd , Neulaniementie 2 , Kuopio, Finland , 70211 ;

Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces seizures or status epilepticus (SE) in 20%-30% of patients during the acute phase. We hypothesized that severe TBI induced with lateral fluid-percussion injury (FPI) triggers post-impact SE. Adult Sprague-Dawley male rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and randomized into sham-operated experimental control or lateral FPI-induced severe TBI groups. Read More

J Neurotrauma 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

San Francisco, California, United States ;

Mental health problems such as depression and anxiety are often associated with functional limitations following traumatic brain injury (TBI), prompting researchers to explore which of these TBI-related sequelae tends to precede the other. Past studies among patients with injuries ranging in severity have predominantly reported that functional impairments predict subsequent psychological concerns, rather than the other way around; however, it remains unclear whether this directionality holds for individuals with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The present study utilized a cross-lagged panel design within a structural equation modeling analytical framework to explore the longitudinal relationships of symptoms of depression and anxiety to functional status among 717 adult mTBI patients, with assessments occurring at 2 weeks and 3 months post-injury. Read More

Orv Hetil 2018 Sep;159(39):1584-1592

Fogorvostudományi Kar, Arc-, Állcsont-, Szájsebészeti és Fogászati Klinika, Semmelweis Egyetem Budapest.

We summarize up-to-date planning technics of orthognathic and reconstructive surgery operation which appeared with three-dimensional imaging, using literature data and some clinical examples. In many cases, orthognathic and reconstructive operations mean the only treatment of facial deformity caused by tumour, traumatic injury or congenital anomaly. In this field, radiology plays an important role not only in the diagnosis but also in the planning of the treatment. Read More

Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey.

This study aimed to investigate the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on damage caused to cerebellum tissue by diffuse traumatic head trauma via biochemical, histopathologic, and immuno-histochemical methods. Male Sprague-Dawley (300-350g) rats were subjected to traumatic brain injury with a weight-drop device (300 g-1 m weight-height impact). Twenty-four adult rats were randomly divided into three equal groups of 8, including a control group, traumatic brain injury (TBI) group, and TBI+CAPE treatment group (10μmol/kg/i. Read More

Cureus 2018 Oct 5;10(10):e3416. Epub 2018 Oct 5.

Cardiac/thoracic/vascular Surgery, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, PAK.

Introduction The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors of compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and burnout among cardiac physicians working in tertiary care cardiac hospitals in Pakistan. Materials and methods We performed a cross-sectional study in four tertiary care cardiac hospitals located in Rawalpindi and Lahore, Pakistan from June 2017 to January 2018. The study comprised of three stages. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2018 Dec 14;16(6):4499-4510. Epub 2018 Sep 14.

Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.

The most severe infections are invasive infections, due to the fact that the germs can accumulate in multiple sites and produce a body-wide infection known as sepsis. Septic shock has the highest mortality rate among non-traumatic medical conditions. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the incidence and prevalence of invasive infections in a hospital environment. Read More

Front Aging Neurosci 2018 13;10:359. Epub 2018 Nov 13.

Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the development of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) consisting of aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau, respectively. The amyloid hypothesis has been the predominant framework for research in AD for over two decades. According to this hypothesis, the accumulation of Aβ in the brain is the primary factor initiating the pathogenesis of AD. Read More

Front Neurosci 2018 27;12:887. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Audie L. Murphy VA Hospital, San Antonio, TX, United States.

Delivery of compounds to the peripheral nervous system has the potential to be used as a treatment for a broad range of conditions and applications, including neuropathic pain, regional anesthesia, traumatic nerve injury, and inherited and inflammatory neuropathies. However, efficient delivery of therapeutic doses can be difficult to achieve due to peripheral neuroanatomy and the restrictiveness of the blood-nerve barrier. Depending on the underlying integrity of the blood-nerve barrier in the application at hand, several strategies can be employed to navigate the peripheral nerve architecture and facilitate targeted delivery to the peripheral nerve. Read More

Neurology 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

From the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System (K.Y., S.J.L., T.D.H., F.X., D.E.B., S.M., C.B.P.); and Departments of Psychiatry (K.Y., D.E.B., S.M.), Neurology (K.Y.), and Epidemiology & Biostatistics (K.Y.), University of California, San Francisco.

Objective: To determine whether diagnoses of traumatic brain injury (TBI), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression, alone or in combination, increase dementia risk among older female veterans.

Methods: This cohort study included data from 109,140 female veterans ≥55 years of age receiving care from Veterans Health Administration medical centers in the United States between October 2004 and September 2015 with at least 1 follow-up visit. TBI, PTSD, depression, and medical conditions at study baseline and incident dementia were determined according to ICD-9-CM codes. Read More

Neurocirugia (Astur) 2018 Dec 9. Epub 2018 Dec 9.

Departamento de Neurocirugía, Addenbrookés Hospital, Cambridge, Reino Unido.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for a significant amount of death and disability worldwide and the majority of this burden affects individuals in low-and-middle income countries. The GNOS is a multi-centre international, prospective cohort study. This study is the first global neurosurgical study that aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the management and outcomes of patients undergoing emergency surgery for TBI worldwide. Read More

BMC Psychol 2018 Dec 12;6(1):56. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Gender Violence and Health Centre, Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.

Background: Human trafficking is a pervasive global crime with important public health implications that entail fundamental human rights violations in the form of severe exploitation, violence and coercion. Sex-specific associations between types of violence or coercion and mental illness in survivors of trafficking have not been established.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 1015 female and male survivors of trafficking (adults, adolescents and children) who received post-trafficking assistance services in Cambodia, Thailand or Vietnam and had been exploited in various labor sectors. Read More

Sports Med Int Open 2017 Oct 29;1(6):E200-E205. Epub 2017 Sep 29.

Privatpraxis Orthopädie im Rheinauhafen, Cologne, Germany.

Routine use of biological therapies is in its early stages. Techniques involve stem cells, platelet preparations, recombinant growth factors and autologous conditioned serum, often combined with surgery. The objective of this case analysis was to document effects of intra-articular autologous conditioned serum injections in outpatients with knee pain associated with meniscal defects. Read More

Regen Ther 2019 Jun 20;10:10-16. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

Department of Sports Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Chiba, Japan.

Background: Full-thickness knee cartilage defects greater than 4 cm are best treated with autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI). Since the articular cartilage surrounding the site of implantation does not always have the normal thickness desirable for successful engraftment, there may be benefit in combining ACI with osteochondral autograft transfer, which provides immediate restoration of condylar contour and mechanical function.

Case Presentation: A 19 year-old male who sustained a traumatic anterolateral femoral condyle osteochondral fracture underwent arthroscopic knee surgery three months after injury to harvest healthy cartilage to be sent to the Japan Tissue Engineering Co. Read More

Front Vet Sci 2018 20;5:288. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.

Galectins are potent regulators of cell adhesion, growth and apoptosis in diverse cell types, including chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts. Elevations in synovial fluid galectin-3 have been observed in rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis and experimental inflammatory arthritis in animal models, whereas galectin-1 is thought to be protective. Less is known about galectins-1 and-3 in osteoarthritis (OA). Read More

Iran J Public Health 2018 Oct;47(10):1558-1566

Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: This study was aimed to determine the prevalence, predictors and cost of CAM practitioner use among traumatic patients in Iran.

Methods: This cross-sectional household survey of a nationally representative sample of Iranians 15 to 64 yr old was conducted in 2011, using a three-stage cluster sampling. Short Form Injury Questionnaire 7 (SFIQ7) was utilized through face-to-face interviews and data on demographics, history of injuries, mechanism, site and type of injury, type and place of the treatment were attained. Read More

Iran J Basic Med Sci 2018 Oct;21(10):1056-1063

Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Objectives: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main causes of intellectual and cognitive disabilities. Clinically, it is essential to limit the development of cognitive impairment after TBI. In the present study, the neuroprotective effects of gallic acid (GA) on neurological score, memory, long-term potentiation (LTP) from hippocampal dentate gyrus (hDG), brain lipid peroxidation and cytokines after TBI were evaluated. Read More

Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018 5;2018:3265918. Epub 2018 Nov 5.

Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Ciudad de México, Mexico.

After spinal cord injury (SCI), some self-destructive mechanisms start leading to irreversible neurological deficits. It is known that oxidative stress and apoptosis play a major role in increasing damage after SCI. Metallothioneins I and II (MT) are endogenous peptides with known antioxidant, neuroprotective capacities. Read More

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2018 3;12:48. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

1INCIA, CNRS, UMR 5287, Centre Ressource Autisme Aquitaine, Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, Bordeaux, France.

Background: Children and youths with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have behavioural characteristics and severe social disabilities that make them vulnerable to victimisation. The current study explores the prevalence of peer victimisation in this population in France.

Methods: We used the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire-Screener Sum Version in a French sample of 39 children and youths with ASD and 53 typically developing (TD) children and youths and tested the association of the victimisation with socio-demographic factors and clinical factors of anxiety and post-traumatic stress. Read More

Front Neurol 2018 20;9:977. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.

Decompressive craniectomy (DC) has become the definitive surgical procedure to manage medically intractable rise in intracranial pressure due to stroke and traumatic brain injury. With incoming evidence from recent multi-centric randomized controlled trials to support its use, we could expect a significant rise in the number of patients who undergo this procedure. Although one would argue that the procedure reduces mortality only at the expense of increasing the proportion of the severely disabled, what is not contested is that patients face the risk of a large number of complications after the operation and that can further compromise the quality of life. Read More

Med Arch 2018 Nov;72(5):316-318

Clinic for Surgery, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Introduction: Cardiovascular complications in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage are considered to be a neurally mediated process rather than a manifestation of coronary artery disease.

Aim: The aim of study is to show the incidence and type cardiac complications after traumatic and spontaneous SAH.

Patients And Methods: The study had prospective character in which included 104 patients, with diagnosed subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), in the period from 2014 to 2017. Read More

J Neural Eng 2018 Oct 24. Epub 2018 Oct 24.

Delsys Inc. and Altec Inc., Natick, Massachusetts, UNITED STATES.

Objective: Modern prosthetic limbs have made strident gains in recent years, incorporating terminal electromechanical devices that are capable of mimicking the human hand. However, access to these advanced control capabilities has been prevented by fundamental limitations of neural interfaces, which have remained virtually unchanged for nearly five decades. Consequently, nearly 23% of adults and 32% of children with major traumatic or congenital upper-limb loss abandon regular use of their myoelectric prostheses. Read More

Phys Med Biol 2018 Nov 14. Epub 2018 Nov 14.

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, UNITED STATES.

Cone-beam CT (CBCT) systems commonly incorporate a flat-panel detector (FPD) with multiple-gain readout capability to reduce electronic noise and extend dynamic range. In this work, we report a penalized weighted least-squares (PWLS) method for CBCT image reconstruction with a system model that includes the electronic noise characteristics of FPDs, including systems with dynamic-gain or dual-gain (DG) readout in which the electronic noise is spatially varying. Statistical weights in PWLS were modified to account for the contribution of the electronic noise (algorithm denoted PWLS^DG), and the method was combined with a certainty-based approach that improves the homogeneity of spatial resolution (algorithm denoted PWLS_Cert^DG). Read More