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Radiographics 2019 Feb 8:180112. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

From the MRI Section, Department of Radiology, SERCOSA, Health Time, Carmelo Torres 2, 23007 Jaén, Spain (T.M.N., A.L.); Peripheral Nerve and Plexus Department, Centro Rossi, Buenos Aires, Argentina (R.B.); MRI Section, Department of Radiology, DADISA, Health Time, Cádiz, Spain (M.G.C.); Peripheral Nerve and Plexus Surgery Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Buenos Aires School of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina (M.S.); Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.T.B.); and Department of Radiology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (A.L.).

Evaluation of traumatic peripheral nerve injuries has classically been based on clinical and electrophysiologic criteria. US and MRI have been widely used for morphologic assessment of nerve injury sites and concomitant lesions. In the past few years, morphologic MR neurography has significantly increased its clinical applications on the basis of three-dimensional or two-dimensional images with and without fat-suppression techniques. Read More

J Ultrasound Med 2019 Jan 28. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Department of Medical Imaging, Rennes University Hospitals, Sud Hospital, Rennes, France.

Objectives: Subcutaneous neuromas usually result from trauma and may lead to dissatisfaction in patients with a trigger point, loss of sensitivity in the relevant territory of innervation, and spontaneous neuropathic pain. Confirming clinically suspected cases of neuroma may prove difficult. The objective of this study was to evaluate the visibility and morphologic features of traumatic subcutaneous neuromas of the limbs with ultrasound (US). Read More

Rom J Morphol Embryol 2018 ;59(3):699-702

Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania;

Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of non-traumatic amputations worldwide. Ulcer of the diabetic foot is one of the most prevalent lesions of diabetic patients and it occurs in the natural evolution of the disease as a tardive complication. Neuropathy is the main determinant of foot ulcer. Read More

Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018 Sep 21;6(9):1622-1626. Epub 2018 Sep 21.

Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.

Background: Gunshot wounds and blast injuries to the upper limbs produce complex wounds requiring management by multiple surgical specialities.

Aim: We sought to determine the pattern of peripheral nerve injuries among Iraqi soldiers in the war.

Methods: We performed a 3 year retrospective cohort analysis based on medical records of patients with sustaining gunshot wounds and blast injuries to the upper limbs. Read More

BMC Cancer 2018 Oct 3;18(1):947. Epub 2018 Oct 3.

Department of Neurology, Semmelweis University, Balassa u. 6., H- 1083, Budapest, Hungary.

Background: Unilateral weakness of an upper extremity is most frequently caused by traumatic nerve injury or compression neuropathy. In rare cases, lesion of the central nervous system may result in syndromes suggesting peripheral nerve damage by the initial examination. Pseudoperipheral hand palsy is the best known of these, most frequently caused by a small lesion in the contralateral motor cortex of the brain. Read More

Neurosurgery 2018 Aug 9. Epub 2018 Aug 9.

Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Klagenfurt, Austria.

Background: Clinical and electrophysiological assessments prevail in evaluation of traumatic nerve lesions and their regeneration following nerve surgery in humans. Recently, high-resolution neurosonography (HRNS) and magnetic resonance neurography have gained significant importance in peripheral nerve imaging. The use of the grey-scale-based "fascicular ratio" (FR) was established using both modalities allowing for quantitative assessment. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2018 08;142(2):415-424

Ludwigshafen and Frankfurt am Main, Germany From the Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery-Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen; and the Department for Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Frankfurt am Main.

Background: Peripheral sensory nerve injuries present a significant yet common challenge in acute hand trauma surgery. Standard treatment remains microsurgical end-to-end nerve repair where appropriate. Permanent loss of sensitivity and painful neuroma formation are typical sequelae of unsuccessful surgery. Read More

Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2018 Jul;24(4):316-320

Department of Emergency Medicine, Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine, Manisa-Turkey.

Background: Currently, the measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) has been offered as a possible indicator of intracranial pressure (ICP). Increased ICP is observed during intracranial injury. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between increased ONSD and positive intracranial findings from multislice computed tomography (CT) of the brain. Read More

Neuropharmacology 2018 09 3;139:98-116. Epub 2018 Jul 3.

EA6309 Myelin Maintenance and Peripheral Neuropathies, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, Limoges, France. Electronic address:

Traumatic injuries to peripheral nerves are frequent, however, specific pharmacological treatments are currently lacking. Curcumin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties but high oral doses are required for therapeutic use, particularly due to its low bioavailability. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of local and continuous treatment using low curcumin doses on functional recovery and nerve regeneration after rat sciatic nerve crush (SNC). Read More

Front Cell Neurosci 2018 7;12:158. Epub 2018 Jun 7.

Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Accumulating evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations lie behind the induction and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain is usually a chronic condition caused by a lesion, or pathological change, within the nervous system. Neuropathic pain appears frequently after nerve and spinal cord injuries or diseases, producing a debilitation of the patient and a decrease of the quality of life. Read More

Med Ultrason 2018 May;20(2):255-256

Department of Radiology, Polyclinic San Martino, Genoa, Italy.

A 22 years-old-man was admitted to emergency after trauma. He suffered multiple deep cuts on his left leg. A lesion of the ischiatic nerve was suspected, and an ultrasound (US) evaluation was requested to confirm it. Read More

World Neurosurg 2018 Jul 3;115:320-323. Epub 2018 May 3.

IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy; Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopaedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy. Electronic address:

Background: Peripheral nerve injuries often undergo surgical repair, but poor postoperative functional recovery is frequently observed.

Case Description: We describe 4 cases of traumatic nerve lesions in whom postoperative recovery was prevented by complications such as detachment of nerve sutures or neuroma growth. To the best of our knowledge, no similar cases have been reported in literature so far. Read More

Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir 2018 Aug 25;50(4):232-240. Epub 2018 Apr 25.

Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg AG MR-Neurographie, Abteilung für Neuroradiologie, Neurologische Klinik.

Introduction: The correct diagnosis of peripheral nerve injuries is essential for choosing the correct treatment in nerve surgery. Especially, nerve defects require early diagnosis to provide quick surgical reconstruction and prevent long-term disabilities. Recent developments in MR-neurography provide surgeons with a diagnostic tool delivering precise information on the structure and possibly function of nerves. Read More

World Neurosurg 2018 Jul 11;115:128-133. Epub 2018 Apr 11.

Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Traumatic cervical pseudomeningoceles (TCPs) occur secondary to traction of the cervical nerve roots resulting in violation of the dura. Surgical repair is not necessary in most cases because pseudomeningoceles have a high propensity to spontaneously resolve with conservative management alone. Currently, there are a limited number of cases of large TCPs (large is defined as ≥6 cm in greatest diameter), and there is no established guideline for the management of such lesions. Read More

Yonsei Med J 2018 May;59(3):457-460

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

A few approaches can be used to decompress traumatic facial nerve paralysis including the middle cranial fossa approach or transmastoid approach depending on the site of injury. In some specific situation of treating traumatic facial nerve palsy whose injured site was confined from the geniculate ganglion to the second genu, transcanal endoscopic approach for facial nerve decompression can be used. We performed two cases of total endoscopic transcanal facial nerve decompression in patients with traumatic facial nerve palsy. Read More

J Neurosurg 2018 Jan 1:1-7. Epub 2018 Jan 1.

OBJECTIVEThe object of this study was to assess the advantages and disadvantages of early nerve repair within 2 weeks following adult traumatic brachial plexus injury (ATBPI).METHODSFrom 2009 onwards, the authors have strived to repair as early as possible extended C-5 to C-8 or T-1 lesions or complete loss of C-5 to C-6 or C-7 function in patients in whom there was clinical and radiological suspicion of root avulsion. Among a group of 36 patients surgically treated in the period between 2009 and 2011, surgical findings in those who had undergone treatment within 2 weeks after trauma were retrospectively compared with results in those who had undergone delayed treatment. Read More

J Hand Surg Am 2018 May 18;43(5):486.e1-486.e9. Epub 2017 Dec 18.

Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Purpose: Hemophilic cysts and pseudotumors (HCPTs) of the hand are rare and are secondary to bleeding disorders such as hemophilia A and B. This is a report of our experience in the management of this rare condition.

Patients And Methods: Seven male patients with hemophilia A presenting with progressive swelling of the hand were treated between 2004 and 2013 at a tertiary referral hospital. Read More

Hum Pathol 2018 01 5;71:84-90. Epub 2017 Dec 5.

Department of Pathology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China 442000. Electronic address:

Aberrant expression of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) has been observed in tumors arising in locations other than thyroid gland, lung and ventral forebrain. However, TTF-1 expression in schwannomas has not yet been studied. Meanwhile, a few inconsistent changes in protein expression have been identified between schwannomas and other peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Read More

Clin Anat 2018 Jan 10;31(1):109-117. Epub 2017 Nov 10.

Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital General Dr. Valentín Gómez Farías, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 45100, Mexico.

Because of their anatomical situation, the olfactory nerves constitute a natural obstacle to exploring the anterior cranial fossa, making them vulnerable to traumatic, tumor, or iatrogenic lesions. Consequently, accurate knowledge of their microsurgical anatomy is of particular importance for surgeons to ensure the correct execution of surgical procedures with minimal sequelae, the least functional deterioration, and better therapeutic results. This review describes the functional and microsurgical anatomy of the olfactory nerves, illustrated with pictures of simulations based on cadaveric dissections and original illustrations of the central connections of the olfactory pathway. Read More

J Neurosurg 2018 Sep 27;129(3):825-828. Epub 2017 Oct 27.

2Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health.

Diagnosing and treating patients with persistent neuropathic pain associated with peripheral nerve lesions can be challenging. The authors report the rare case of a painful eccrine spiradenoma treated as a traumatic neuroma for many years because of a history of acute trauma, the presence of a tender palpable mass, and symptoms of allodynia. Surgical excision of the neoplasm completely relieved the pain and hypersensitivity that 2 prior surgeries and other nonsurgical treatments failed to resolve. Read More

Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2017 Apr;13(2):196-203

Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.

Background: Intraoperative ultrasound (US) has been used as a guide during surgery to better identify deep neuroanatomical structures.

Objective: To correlate histologic cross-sections from nerve samples taken at the time of surgery with axial, high-resolution US images at similar locations and validate this important tool for intraoperative guidance in nerve surgery.

Methods: Three subjects undergoing nerve repair procedures after traumatic nerve injuries were enrolled prospectively. Read More

Orv Hetil 2017 Jun;158(22):864-868

I. Ortopédia-Traumatológia Tanszék, Marosvásárhelyi Orvosi és Gyógyszerészeti Egyetem Marosvásárhely.

Traumatic asphyxia is a rare condition that occurs after compressive thoracoabdominal trauma, which is characterized by subconjunctival hemorrhage, cervicofacial cyanosis, edema and petechiae. Serious life-threatening thoracic and abdominal injuries may coexist. After conservatory treatment in most cases complete recovery is achieved, but in isolated cases permanent neurological lesions may occur. Read More

Respir Med Case Rep 2017 2;20:154-155. Epub 2017 Feb 2.

University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, USA.

Traumatic neuromas are uncommon and benign lesions arising from a peripheral nerve injury during surgery. Here we describe a case with histopathologic features of both a traumatic neuroma and neurofibroma in a patient without integumentary physical exam findings nor prior surgical history. A 54 year old male was admitted for surgical debridement of a foot ulcer. Read More

Radiologe 2017 Mar;57(3):157-165

Neurologische Klinik, Städtisches Klinikum Dessau, Dessau, Deutschland.

Clinical/methodical Issue: For the diagnostics of nerve lesions an imaging method is necessary to visualize peripheral nerves and their surrounding structures for an etiological classification.

Standard Radiological Methods: Clinical neurological and electrophysiological investigations provide functional information about nerve lesions. The information provided by a standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination is inadequate for peripheral nerve diagnostics; however, MRI neurography is suitable but on the other hand a resource and time-consuming method. Read More

Radiologe 2017 Mar;57(3):184-194

Sektion Periphere Nervenchirurgie, Neurochirurgische Klinik der Universität Ulm, Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Ludwig-Heilmeyer-Straße 2, 89312, Günzburg, Deutschland.

Clinical/methodical Issue: Traumatic lesions of peripheral nerves and the brachial plexus are feared complications because they frequently result in severe functional impairment. The prognosis is greatly dependent on the correct early diagnosis and the right choice of treatment regimen. It is important to distinguish between open and closed injuries. Read More

Radiologe 2017 Mar;57(3):176-183

Allgemeinradiologie, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland.

Peripheral neuropathies are frequent and can mostly be correctly diagnosed by clinical examination and electrophysiology; however, diagnostically difficult cases are sometimes encountered especially with respect to precise localization of nerve lesions. Imaging of the peripheral nervous system has been shown to provide additional useful diagnostic information. In addition to the more widely available nerve sonography, magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) is the method of choice in diagnostically complex cases. Read More

Clin Radiol 2017 May 7;72(5):426.e7-426.e15. Epub 2017 Jan 7.

Department of Neurosurgery, University Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany. Electronic address:

Aim: To identify whether increased numbers of brainstem lesions are found in the presence of a post-traumatic pupillary function disturbance and classify them anatomically.

Materials And Methods: In this study, a diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination was performed within 8 days after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in patients who had been unconscious for more than 24 hours post-TBI. The Glasgow Outcome Scale was evaluated 6 months after TBI. Read More

Muscle Nerve 2017 08 27;56(2):247-252. Epub 2017 Feb 27.

Department of Neurology, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder Regensburg, Prüfeninger Strasse 86, 93049, Regensburg, Germany.

Introduction: Neurographic data on Wallerian degeneration (WD) after motor nerve injury are available only from animal studies and human case reports of 9 patients altogether. A precise knowledge of neurographic features of WD would be highly relevant for diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic, and forensic aspects of traumatic lesions.

Methods: We prospectively studied WD in patients with a peripheral nerve injury. Read More

EMBO Mol Med 2016 12 1;8(12):1409-1420. Epub 2016 Dec 1.

Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA

Traumatic peripheral nerve damage is a major medical problem without effective treatment options. In repurposing studies on 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a potassium channel blocker that provides symptomatic relief in some chronic neurological afflictions, we discovered this agent offers significant promise as a small molecule regenerative agent for acute traumatic nerve injury. We found, in a mouse model of sciatic crush injury, that sustained early 4-AP administration increased the speed and extent of behavioral recovery too rapidly to be explained by axonal regeneration. Read More

Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2016 Sep 8;84(9):551-67. Epub 2016 Sep 8.

Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Standort Gießen.

Peripheral nerve injuries due to sports are relatively rare but the exact incidence is not known due to a lack of epidemiological studies. Particular sports activities tend to cause certain peripheral nerve injuries including direct acute compression or stretching, repetitive compression and stretching over time, or another mechanism such as ischemia or laceration. These nerve lesions may be severe and delay or preclude the athlete's return to sports, especially in cases with delayed diagnosis. Read More

Neurol Res Int 2016 28;2016:4619631. Epub 2016 Jul 28.

GdS Neuropatie Traumatiche e Iatrogene, SINC (Società Italiana di Neurofisiologia Clinica), Via Nizza 45, 00198 Roma, Italy.

Objectives. This prospective, observational, multicentre study aims to identify electrodiagnostic (EDX) markers of clinical recovery in patients with traumatic neuropathy (TN) receiving surgical (S) and nonsurgical (NS) treatments. Methods. Read More

Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir 2016 Jun 16;48(3):148-54. Epub 2016 Jun 16.

Klinik für Hand-, Plastische und Rekonstruktive Chirurgie - Schwerbrandverletztenzentrum, BG Unfallklinik Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen.

Background: Nerve tubes are used for bridging of short nerve gaps and for coating of primary end-to-end nerve sutures. This article provides an overview of available implants and their application. Also it presents a retrospective planning study aiming to determine the static 2-point discrimination after primary peripheral nerve repair with and without the use of a nerve tube. Read More

Curr Neuropharmacol 2016 ;14(8):857-865

Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

Background: Brain-gut interaction involves, among others, peptidergic growth factors which are native in GI tract and have strong antiulcer potency and thus could from periphery beneficially affect CNS-disorders. We focused on the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, an antiulcer peptidergic agent, safe in inflammatory bowel disease trials and now in multiple sclerosis trial, native and stable in human gastric juice.

Methods: Review of our research on BPC 157 in terms of brain-gut axis. Read More

Childs Nerv Syst 2016 Aug 16;32(8):1555-60. Epub 2016 Apr 16.

The Ottawa Hospital, Civic Campus, University of Ottawa, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada.

Introduction: Intraneural perineurioma is a rare peripheral nerve tumor of childhood and early adulthood. Patients demonstrate progressive muscle weakness and atrophy largely without sensory complaints.

Case: We report two children with perineurioma affecting the radial and femoral nerves. Read More

Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2016 May;374(2067)

Autonomic Unit, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bellaria University Hospital, Block G, Via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy

The brain controls the heart directly through the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system, which consists of multi-synaptic pathways from myocardial cells back to peripheral ganglionic neurons and further to central preganglionic and premotor neurons. Cardiac function can be profoundly altered by the reflex activation of cardiac autonomic nerves in response to inputs from baro-, chemo-, nasopharyngeal and other receptors as well as by central autonomic commands, including those associated with stress, physical activity, arousal and sleep. In the clinical setting, slowly progressive autonomic failure frequently results from neurodegenerative disorders, whereas autonomic hyperactivity may result from vascular, inflammatory or traumatic lesions of the autonomic nervous system, adverse effects of drugs and chronic neurological disorders. Read More

Trials 2016 Jan 26;17:48. Epub 2016 Jan 26.

Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Plastic- and Hand Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany, Ludwig-Guttmann-Str. 13, D-67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany.

Background: Complex peripheral nerve injuries of the hand include at least 300,000 cases per year in Europe. The standard treatment involves a microsurgical end-to-end suture of traumatic sensory nerve lesions of the hand without a gap. The objective of this study protocol is to evaluate whether the additional use of a chitosan nerve tube in primary repair of traumatic sensory nerve lesions of the hand without a gap has an effect on the recovery of sensitivity. Read More

Neuroimage Clin 2016 7;10:46-53. Epub 2015 Nov 7.

Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Objectives: The presence of intracranial lesions or epilepsy may lead to functional reorganization and hemispheric lateralization. We applied a clinical magnetoencephalography (MEG) protocol for the localization of the contralateral and ipsilateral S1 and M1 of the foot and hand in patients with non-lesional epilepsy, stroke, developmental brain injury, traumatic brain injury and brain tumors. We investigated whether differences in activation patterns could be related to underlying pathology. Read More

Biomaterials 2016 Jan 8;75:112-122. Epub 2015 Oct 8.

Department of Plastic Surgery, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. Electronic address:

An increasing number of biomaterial nerve guides has been developed that await direct comparative testing with the 'gold-standard' autologous nerve graft in functional repair of peripheral nerve defects. In the present study, 20 mm rat sciatic nerve defects were bridged with either a collagen-based micro-structured nerve guide (Perimaix) or an autologous nerve graft. Axons regenerated well into the Perimaix scaffold and, the majority of these axons grew across the 20 mm defect into the distal nerve segment. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2015 Nov 5;157(11):1947-51; discussion 1951. Epub 2015 Sep 5.

Institute of Neurosurgery, Catholic University School of Medicine, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.

Surgical treatment of traumatic nerve lesions is a matter of debate, mostly about the timing and technical aspects of the procedure. In deciding about and planning the operation, it is often necessary to repeat the electrophysiological and neuroradiological studies several times. Here we present our experience with ultrasonography taken before and after surgery: this simple and handy tool allowed clear visualization of the preoperative anatomy, thorough preparation and fast carrying out of surgery, and accurate postoperative monitoring of the graft's vitality at follow-up. Read More

Neurosurg Focus 2015 Sep;39(3):E3

Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.

Ultrasound technology continues to improve with better image resolution and availability. Its use in evaluating peripheral nerve lesions is increasing. The current review focuses on the utility of ultrasound in traumatic injuries. Read More

Acta Biomater 2015 Nov 24;27:131-139. Epub 2015 Aug 24.

Spinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address:

Unlabelled: Appropriate target reinnervation and functional recovery after spinal cord injury depend on longitudinally directed regrowth of injured axons. Anisotropic alginate-based capillary hydrogels (ACH) support peripheral nervous system derived axon growth, which is accompanied by glial supporting cell migration into the ACH. The aim of the present study was to analyze central nervous system (CNS) derived (entorhinal cortex, spinal cord slice cultures) axon regrowth into ACH containing linearly aligned capillaries of defined capillary sizes without and with gelatin constituent. Read More

J Neurosci 2015 Jul;35(27):9966-76

Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210

Unlabelled: Spinal cord injury (SCI) activates macrophages, endowing them with both reparative and pathological functions. The mechanisms responsible for these divergent functions are unknown but are likely controlled through stochastic activation of different macrophage receptor subtypes. Various danger-associated molecular patterns released from dying cells in the injured spinal cord likely activate distinct subtypes of macrophage pattern recognition receptors, including bacterial toll-like receptors (TLRs) and fungal C-type lectin receptors (e. Read More

Int Orthop 2016 Mar 2;40(3):519-24. Epub 2015 Jul 2.

Radiology Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.

Purpose: Anterior shoulder dislocation can be associated with many lesions such as Bankart lesions, rotator cuff tears (RCT), Hill-Sachs lesions or greater tuberosity fractures. It has been documented that early management of the associated injury affords better recovery of shoulder function. The aim of this study was to highlight the incidence of associated injuries after anterior shoulder dislocation. Read More

Muscle Nerve 2016 Mar 8;53(3):375-8. Epub 2015 Aug 8.

Department of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.

Introduction: Radial nerve lesions associated with humeral shaft fractures are the most common traumatic nerve lesions observed with long bone fractures. Secondary indirect posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) lesions can be associated with traumatic radial nerve palsy. The aim of this study was to identify cases of traumatic double-site radial nerve involvement through ultrasound (US). Read More

Turk Neurosurg 2017 ;27(2):289-293

Clinical Center of Serbia, Orthopedic and Traumatology Clinic, Belgrade, Serbia.

Aim: The surgical management of injured digital nerves is a common part of hand trauma surgery. Despite improvements in the surgical techniques and suture material, the final outcomes of peripheral nerve repair can still be disappointing. This study investigates the outcomes following the surgical treatment of traumatic digital nerve lesions of the hand. Read More

Muscle Nerve 2015 Sep 30;52(3):321-33. Epub 2015 Jun 30.

Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, H391, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5.

This article reviews the electrodiagnostic (EDX) prognostic factors for focal traumatic and nontraumatic peripheral nerve injuries. Referring physicians and patients often benefit from general and nerve-specific prognostic information from the EDX consultant. Knowing the probable outcome from a nerve injury allows the referring physician to choose the best treatment options for his/her patients. Read More

Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2015 Jun;36(2):79-83

From the *University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne, Switzerland; †Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and ‡Department of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.

This article describes the case of a 17-year-old adolescent boy who received a foot kick in the trunk area from an expert in karate. He presented with immediate cardiocirculatory arrest. After a prolonged resuscitation, he was transferred to a hospital where he died 5 days later without ever regaining consciousness. Read More

PLoS One 2015 10;10(3):e0116831. Epub 2015 Mar 10.

Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, 85867-970, Brazil.

Diagnostic imaging techniques play an important role in assessing the exact location, cause, and extent of a nerve lesion, thus allowing clinicians to diagnose and manage more effectively a variety of pathological conditions, such as entrapment syndromes, traumatic injuries, and space-occupying lesions. Ultrasound and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging are becoming useful methods for this purpose, but they still lack spatial resolution. In this regard, recent phase contrast x-ray imaging experiments of peripheral nerve allowed the visualization of each nerve fiber surrounded by its myelin sheath as clearly as optical microscopy. Read More

J Clin Diagn Res 2015 Jan 1;9(1):PD18-9. Epub 2015 Jan 1.

Post Graduate Student, Department of General Surgery, M.K.C.G. Medical College , Brahmapur, Orissa, India .

Neurofibroma is a localized discrete mass of benign nerve sheath tumour in the peripheral nervous system. Mostly present as skin lesions. Solitary neurofibroma may occur in deep soft tissue or subcutaneous plane in rare cases associated with syndromes like NF1. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2014 4;5(12):1068-71. Epub 2014 Nov 4.

Istanbul University, Istanbul School of Medicine, Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Turgut Özal Millet Caddesi, Çapa Tıp Fakültesi, Pk 34098 Çapa-Cerrahpaşa, Fatih, İstanbul, Turkey. Electronic address:

Introduction: The fibular nerve is the most frequent site of neural entrapment in the lower extremity and the third most common site in the body, following the median and ulnar nerves. The peroneal nerve is commonly injured upon trauma. Additionally, a dropped foot might be a symptom related to the central nervous system or spinal pathologies in pediatric patients. Read More