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Urol Ann 2022 Apr-Jun;14(2):135-140. Epub 2022 Feb 15.

Department of Urology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Introduction: Prostatic abscess is a serious urological problem that needs immediate attention due to its high morbidity and mortality in absence of appropriate treatment. The objective of our study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various modalities of management of prostatic abscess: medical management (MM), transrectal ultrasound-guided aspiration (TRUS-GA), and transurethral deroofing (TU-DR.

Methods: This retrospective study was done in a tertiary care center after taking approval from the institutional review board. Read More

Prostate Int 2022 Mar 3;10(1):28-33. Epub 2021 Dec 3.

Department of Urology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Background: To ensure reproducibility and representativeness of hypoechoic lesions in transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), we used grayscale values and evaluated their usefulness in predicting prostate cancer (PCA).

Methods: A total of 172 patients scheduled for prostate biopsy for suspected PCA between October 2016 and May 2018 were prospectively enrolled. Patients underwent 12 core target biopsies for hypoechoic lesions in 12 areas of the prostate and two additional target biopsy cores for two hypoechoic lesions. Read More

Front Oncol 2022 8;12:861928. Epub 2022 Apr 8.

Department of Medical Imaging, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of combining the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) scoring system v2.1 with prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) to detect prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods: A total of 266 participants with suspicion of PCa underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in our hospital, after at least 4 weeks all patients underwent subsequent systematic transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy or MRI-TRUS fusion targeted biopsy. Read More

J Hosp Infect 2022 Jul 4;125:44-47. Epub 2022 Apr 4.

Department of Radiology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Radiology, Mater Private Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

Transrectal ultrasound-guided (TRUS) biopsy of the prostate is associated with increased risk of post-procedural sepsis with associated morbidity, mortality, re-admission to hospital, and increased healthcare costs. In the study institution, active surveillance of post-procedural infection complications is performed by clinical nurse specialists for prostate cancer under the guidance of the infection prevention and control team. To protect hospital services for acute medical admissions related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, TRUS biopsy services were reduced nationally, with exceptions only for those patients at high risk of prostate cancer. Read More

Med Phys 2022 Jun 19;49(6):3529-3537. Epub 2022 Apr 19.

Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of departmental planning techniques on appropriate in-vivo source tracking error thresholds for high dose rate (HDR) prostate brachytherapy (BT) treatments, and to determine if a single in-vivo source tracking error threshold would be appropriate for the same patient anatomy.

Methods: The prostate, rectum, and urethra were contoured on a single patient transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) dataset. Anonymized DICOM files were disseminated to 16 departments who created an HDR prostate BT treatment plan on the dataset with a prescription dose of 15 Gy in a single fraction. Read More

BMC Cancer 2022 Mar 28;22(1):338. Epub 2022 Mar 28.

Servei de Radiologia, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.

Background: An accurate knowledge of the relocation of prostate neoplasms during biopsy is of great importance to reduce the number of false negative results. Prostate neoplasms are visible in magnetic resonance images (MRI) but it is difficult for the practitioner to locate them at the time of performing a transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided biopsy. In this study, we present a new methodology, based on simulation, that predicts both prostate deformation and lesion migration during the biopsy. Read More

Med Image Anal 2022 05 17;78:102418. Epub 2022 Mar 17.

Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA. Electronic address:

Automatic and accurate prostate ultrasound segmentation is a long-standing and challenging problem due to the severe noise and ambiguous/missing prostate boundaries. In this work, we propose a novel polar transform network (PTN) to handle this problem from a fundamentally new perspective, where the prostate is represented and segmented in the polar coordinate space rather than the original image grid space. This new representation gives a prostate volume, especially the most challenging apex and base sub-areas, much denser samples than the background and thus facilitate the learning of discriminative features for accurate prostate segmentation. Read More

Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2022 Jun 17;219:106752. Epub 2022 Mar 17.

Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address:

Background And Objective: Accurate and robust prostate segmentation in transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) images is of great interest for image-guided prostate interventions and prostate cancer diagnosis. However, it remains a challenging task for various reasons, including a missing or ambiguous boundary between the prostate and surrounding tissues, the presence of shadow artifacts, intra-prostate intensity heterogeneity, and anatomical variations.

Methods: Here, we present a hybrid method for prostate segmentation (H-ProSeg) in TRUS images, using a small number of radiologist-defined seed points as the prior points. Read More

World J Urol 2022 Mar 6. Epub 2022 Mar 6.

Department of Urology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes Cancer Center, Marseille, France.

Purpose: Prostate cancer (PCa) imaging has been revolutionized by the introduction of multi-parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI). Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) has always been considered a low-performance modality. To overcome this, a computerized artificial neural network analysis (ANNA/C-TRUS) of the TRUS based on an artificial intelligence (AI) analysis has been proposed. Read More

Investig Clin Urol 2022 03;63(2):201-206

Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the prevalence and predictors of incidental prostate cancer (IPC) after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) with negative results on transperineal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) fusion prostate biopsy or TRUS-guided prostate biopsy.

Materials And Methods: Data of 253 patients who underwent TURP with a preliminary diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were evaluated. The prevalence of IPC was calculated. Read More

Urologe A 2022 Apr 4;61(4):365-373. Epub 2022 Mar 4.

Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik des LMU Klinikums, Campus Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, München, Deutschland.

Despite the continuous technical progress regarding the transrectal ultrasonography of the prostate (TRUS) and its successful use in combination with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in MRI-targeted biopsy, there is no radiologic modality being able to rule out clinically significant prostate cancer without the need of systematic biopsy. In the past few years, TRUS regained more attention due to the development of high frequency ultrasound as well as the combination of different ultrasonic modalities like shear wave elastography and contrast-enhanced sonography (CEUS). Currently, multiparametric MRI (mpMRI)-targeted biopsy shows the best results concerning detection rates, sensitivity and specificity of clinically significant prostate cancer compared to systematic biopsy. Read More

IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2022 Jun 1;41(6):1331-1345. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Prostate segmentation in transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) image is an essential prerequisite for many prostate-related clinical procedures, which, however, is also a long-standing problem due to the challenges caused by the low image quality and shadow artifacts. In this paper, we propose a Shadow-consistent Semi-supervised Learning (SCO-SSL) method with two novel mechanisms, namely shadow augmentation (Shadow-AUG) and shadow dropout (Shadow-DROP), to tackle this challenging problem. Specifically, Shadow-AUG enriches training samples by adding simulated shadow artifacts to the images to make the network robust to the shadow patterns. Read More

Prostate 2022 03 20;82(4):425-432. Epub 2021 Dec 20.

Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Acıbadem University, İstanbul, Turkey.

Objective: To compare the clinically significant prostate cancer (csPC)-detecting results of transperineal and transrectal targeted biopsy (TPTB and TRTB, respectively) by performing matching analysis.

Patients And Methods: This study has used the PC and prostate biopsy database from the Turkish Urooncology Association. A total of 1143 patients with Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) with ≥3 lesions on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and who had received a software-guided transperineal/transrectal MRI/transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) fusion prostate biopsy with concomitant standard systematic 12-core biopsy were included in this study. Read More

Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2021 Feb;27(2):129-133

Department of Urology.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of real-time transrectal ultrasound-guided seminal vesiculoscopy (TRUS-SVS) in the treatment of azoospermia secondary to ejaculatory duct obstruction.

Methods: This retrospective study included 40 cases of azoospermia secondary to bilateral ejaculatory ducts obstruction treated by TRUS-SVS from June 2016 to June 2018 after failure to enter the vesiculoscope through the ejaculatory duct or prostatic utricle. We analyzed the success rate of surgery, operation time, postoperative complications, treatment results, and application value of TRUS-SVS. Read More

Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2021 May;27(5):421-425

Department of Urology, Changshu Second People's Hospital / the 5th School of Clinical Medicine of Yangzhou University, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China.

Objective: To investigate the detection rate and complications of magnetic resonance imaging / transrectal ultrasonography (MRI/TRUS) cognitive fusion combined with 12-core systematic transperineal prostate biopsy (TPPB) in the diagnosis of clinically significant PCa (CS-PCa).

Methods: This retrospective study included 208 patients undergoing first-time MRI/TRUS cognitive fusion combined with 12-core systematic TPPB from June 2015 to May 2019. The patients, aged 54－85 (67. Read More

Prostate 2022 02 3;82(2):227-234. Epub 2021 Nov 3.

Department of Urology, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted prostate biopsy is a routinely used diagnostic tool for prostate cancer (PCa) detection. However, a clear superiority of the optimal approach for software-based MRI processing during biopsy procedures is still unanswered. To investigate the impact of robotic approach and software-based image processing (rigid vs. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Oct;100(41):e27539

Department of Urology, Izmir Demokrasi University Buca Seyfi Demirsoy Training and Research Hospital, Buca Izmir, Turkey.

Abstract: The present study aimed to compare infectious complications in men undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx) with and without povidone-iodine transrectal injection using a gavage syringe.The records of 112 patients, who underwent TRUS-Bx between January 2016 and December 2019, were retrospectively reviewed. The biopsy indication was considered high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and/or suspicious digital rectal prostate examination findings. Read More

Eur J Radiol 2021 Nov 17;144:109957. Epub 2021 Sep 17.

Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address:

Objectives: Focal therapy with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is an emerging option for the treatment of prostate cancer and often followed up by MRI. Image assessment of treatment failure, however, requires proper knowledge about typical procedure-related changes in prostate MRI, which is sparse, in particular for unilateral HIFU treatment and late follow up (beyond 6 months). The goal of this study was therefore to compile the type and frequency of such MRI findings in selected patients without recurrent cancer 12 months after prostate hemiablation. Read More

Med Eng Phys 2021 10 27;96:46-52. Epub 2021 Aug 27.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India. Electronic address:

Trans-rectal ultrasound-guided needle biopsy is a well-established diagnosis technique for prostate cancer. To enhance the needle manoeuvring skills under ultrasound (US) guidance, it is preferable to train medical practitioners in needle biopsy on tissue-mimicking phantoms. This phantom should mimic the morphology as well as mechanical and acoustic properties of the human male pelvic region to provide a surgical experience and feedback. Read More

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2022 02 21;25(2):174-179. Epub 2021 Sep 21.

Imperial Prostate. Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Background: Multiparametric MRI localizes cancer in the prostate, allowing for MRI guided biopsy (MRI-GB) 43 alongside transrectal ultrasound-guided systematic biopsy (TRUS-GB). Three MRI-GB approaches exist; visual estimation (COG-TB); fusion software-assisted (FUS-TB) and MRI 'in-bore' biopsy (IB-TB). It is unknown whether any of these are superior. Read More

Prostate 2021 12 13;81(16):1278-1286. Epub 2021 Sep 13.

Department of Urology, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.

Background: Inflammation plays critical roles at different stages of carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Several previous studies showed conflicting results for the predictive role of systemic inflammation markers in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancers (CSPCs). We aimed to determine the predictive roles of lymphocyte-to-monocyte (LMR) and eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (ELR) in the detection of CSPC at standard 12-core transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (12-core-TRUS-Bx) using our large-cohort database. Read More

J Endourol 2021 Sep;35(S2):S17-S23

Department of Urologic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

Focal cryoablation of localized prostate cancer can offer patients superior genitourinary functional outcomes in terms of preservation of urinary continence and potency compared with radical whole-gland therapy, while maintaining intermediate-term oncologic control. We present a step-by-step guide to focal cryoablation of localized prostate cancer. A patient with elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) underwent multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) of the prostate that revealed a prostate imaging-reporting and data system (PI-RADS) four lesion. Read More

Adv Gerontol 2021 ;34(3):404-408

Saint-Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 3 pr. Dynamo, St. Petersburg 197110, Russian Federation, e-mail:

At this moment differential diagnostic of the prostate cancer (PC) needs the new, more effective ways with regard of multifactor analysis. One of this factor is patient's age. Men older than 45 years old have expressed involution changes of prostate tissues. Read More

J Appl Clin Med Phys 2021 Aug 28;22(8):284-294. Epub 2021 Jul 28.

Department of Medical Physics, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada.

Purpose: High-dose-rate (HDR) prostate brachytherapy is an established technique for whole-gland treatment. For transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided HDR prostate brachytherapy, image fusion with a magnetic resonance image (MRI) can be performed to make use of its soft-tissue contrast. The MIM treatment planning system has recently introduced image registration specifically for HDR prostate brachytherapy and has incorporated a Predictive Fusion workflow, which allows clinicians to attempt to compensate for differences in patient positioning between imaging modalities. Read More

Urol Int 2021 9;105(9-10):804-810. Epub 2021 Jul 9.

Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II,", Naples, Italy.

Background: Prostate volume (PV) is a useful tool in risk stratification, diagnosis, and follow-up of numerous prostatic diseases including prostate cancer and benign prostatic hypertrophy. There is currently no accepted ideal PV measurement method.

Objective: This study compares multiple means of PV estimation, including digital rectal examination (DRE), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and radical prostatectomy specimens to determine the best volume measurement style. Read More

J Magn Reson Imaging 2022 01 23;55(1):100-110. Epub 2021 Jun 23.

Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.

Background: Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) is commonly recommended as a triage test prior to any prostate biopsy. However, there exists limited consensus on which patients with a negative prostate mpMRI could avoid prostate biopsy.

Purpose: To identify which patient could safely avoid prostate biopsy when the prostate mpMRI is negative, via a radiomics-based machine learning approach. Read More

Eur Urol Oncol 2022 Jun 19;5(3):296-303. Epub 2021 Jun 19.

Department of Urology, Toulouse Cancer Institute, Toulouse, France. Electronic address:

Background: Discordant findings between multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and transrectal image-guided biopsies of the prostate (TRUS-P) may result in inadequate risk stratification of localized prostate cancer.

Objective: To assess transperineal image-guided biopsies of the index target (TPER-IT) in terms of disease reclassification and treatment recommendations.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Cases referred for suspicion or treatment of localized prostate cancer were reviewed in a multidisciplinary setting, and discordance was characterized into three scenarios: type I-negative biopsies or International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade 1 cancer in Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) ≥4 index target (IT); type II-negative biopsies or ISUP grade 1 cancer in anterior IT; and type III-<3 mm stretch of cancer in PI-RADS ≥3 IT. Read More

World J Urol 2021 Nov 17;39(11):4101-4108. Epub 2021 Jun 17.

Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.

Purpose: To explore the usability and diagnostic accuracy for prostate cancer of three multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)/transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided fusion biopsy systems operated by the same urologists.

Methods: We performed a prospective, observational study including patients that underwent prostate biopsy due to a visible lesion in mpMRI (PI-RADS ≥ 3). We consecutively assessed two platforms with a rigid image registration (BioJet, D&K Technologies and UroNav, Invivo Corporation) and one with an elastic registration (Trinity, KOELIS). Read More

J Cancer Res Ther 2021 Apr-Jun;17(2):372-378

Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.

Objective: The objective of the study was to validate PIRADS v2 on 3T MRI with secondary assessment if combination of the PIRADS v2 and PSA density improves detection of clinically significant prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a prospective study evaluating 58 patients with PSA value of >4 ng/ml from July 2017 to December 2019. Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) guided targeted biopsy was performed via cognitive targeting followed by systemic 12 core biopsy. Read More

Medicina (Kaunas) 2021 Apr 24;57(5). Epub 2021 Apr 24.

Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02453, Korea.

: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) have become essential tools for prostate cancer evaluation. We evaluated the ability of PI-RADS scores in identifying significant prostate cancer, which would help avoid unnecessary prostate biopsies. : Patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels ≤ 20 ng/mL, who underwent prostate MRI for evaluation from January 2018 to November 2019, were analyzed. Read More