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Medicina (Kaunas) 2021 Apr 24;57(5). Epub 2021 Apr 24.

Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02453, Korea.

: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) have become essential tools for prostate cancer evaluation. We evaluated the ability of PI-RADS scores in identifying significant prostate cancer, which would help avoid unnecessary prostate biopsies. : Patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels ≤ 20 ng/mL, who underwent prostate MRI for evaluation from January 2018 to November 2019, were analyzed. Read More

FP Essent 2021 Apr;503:11-17

University of Michigan Medical School Department of Urology, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5330.

Prostate cancer is the second most common nondermatologic cancer in males in the United States. The median age at diagnosis is 66 years and median age at death is 80 years, with most patients diagnosed between ages 55 and 74 years. Black men are at greatest risk of developing and dying of prostate cancer. Read More

Urol Int 2021 Mar 29:1-6. Epub 2021 Mar 29.

Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Okan University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Purpose: We aim to document the feasibility, perioperative safety, and the 12-month efficacy of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) within 1-3 weeks following transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy.

Methods: Data of the patients who underwent HoLEP following TRUS-guided prostate biopsy between March 2017 and July 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 had undergone HoLEP in the early period after TRUS-guided prostate biopsy, while group 2 patients were biopsy-naive ("control group"). Read More

Urologe A 2021 May 12;60(5):576-591. Epub 2021 Mar 12.

Abteilung für Radiologie (E010), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland.

In the last few years, the early diagnosis of prostate cancer has continued to shift from systematic biopsies to multiparametric MRI (mpMRI)-guided/MRI-transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) fusion biopsies and guidelines are already reflecting these changes. While MRI-TRUS fusion biopsies have already resulted in significant improvements in diagnostic sensitivity and, thus, correct diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer (sPC), its use to avoid biopsies in certain men is still controversial. Optimal use of mpMRI requires a high degree of reader expertise due to the difficulty of image interpretation and poses the problem of training sufficient numbers of radiologists while demand is increasing. Read More

Indian J Nucl Med 2020 Oct-Dec;35(4):283-290. Epub 2020 Oct 21.

Department of Nuclear Medicine, MIOT International Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Background And Aim: Serum prostate-specific-antigen (PSA) guided systematic transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsies are known to have a low predictive value in detection of primary prostate carcinomas (PCa). Our aim was to evaluate the accuracy of gallium-68 (Ga-68) prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PSMA PET/CT) for the detection of PCa with serum PSA <50 ng/ml.

Patients And Methods: We retrospective analyzed prebiopsy Ga-68 PSMA PET/CT's of all patients with suspected PCa from October 2019 to March 2020. Read More

Sensors (Basel) 2021 Feb 9;21(4). Epub 2021 Feb 9.

Department of Information and Communnication Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea.

A combined transrectal ultrasound and photoacoustic (TRUS-PA) imaging probe was developed for the clear visualization of morphological changes and microvasculature distribution in the prostate, as this is required for accurate diagnosis and biopsy. The probe consisted of a miniaturized 128-element 7 MHz convex array transducer with 134.5° field-of-view (FOV), a bifurcated optical fiber bundle, and two optical lenses. Read More

Urologia 2021 Feb 7:391560321993598. Epub 2021 Feb 7.

Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.

Purpose: To evaluate the use of prostatic artery embolization (PAE) as a treatment option for patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with prostate volumes of 80 cc and more.

Materials And Methods: The study included 75 patients with high anesthesia-related risks for conventional surgery (TURP). All patients were surveyed for symptom burden, using IPSS and quality of life score. Read More

JAMA Oncol 2021 Apr;7(4):534-542

Toronto General Hospital, Department of Radiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Importance: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with targeted biopsy is an appealing alternative to systematic 12-core transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) biopsy for prostate cancer diagnosis, but has yet to be widely adopted.

Objective: To determine whether MRI with only targeted biopsy was noninferior to systematic TRUS biopsies in the detection of International Society of Urological Pathology grade group (GG) 2 or greater prostate cancer.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter, prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted in 5 Canadian academic health sciences centers between January 2017 and November 2019, and data were analyzed between January and March 2020. Read More

BMC Urol 2021 Jan 21;21(1):11. Epub 2021 Jan 21.

Department of Urology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan.

Background: Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy is the conventional method of diagnosing prostate cancer. TRUS-guided prostate biopsy can occasionally be associated with severe complications. Here, we report the first case of a prostate abscess with aneurysms and spondylodiscitis as a complication of TRUS-guided prostate biopsy, and we review the relevant literature. Read More

Medicina (Kaunas) 2021 Jan 10;57(1). Epub 2021 Jan 10.

Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania.

Overdiagnosis, overtreatment, and the need for repeated procedures caused by transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsies and their related complications places a heavy burden on healthcare systems. This was a prospective cohort validating study to access the clinical accuracy of systematic and MRI-cognitive targeted transperineal prostate biopsies in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer after a previous negative biopsy and persistent suspicion of malignancy. The primary goal was to assess the ability of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) to detect clinically significant prostate cancer with an additional goal to assess the diagnostic value of systematic and MRI-cognitive transperineal biopsies. Read More

BMJ Open 2020 12 18;10(12):e040965. Epub 2020 Dec 18.

Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Urological Department, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Objective: To investigate the risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) following initial negative systematic transrectal ultrasound-guided (TRUS) prostate biopsies.

Design: Systematic review.

Data Sources: PubMed and Embase were searched using a string combination with keywords/Medical Subject Headings terms and free text in the search builder. Read More

F1000Res 2020 16;9:617. Epub 2020 Jun 16.

Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Dhanvantri Nagar, Puducherry, 605006, India.

: Frequent asymptomatic involvement of the prostate has been demonstrated in men with febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI). In view of this, men with fUTI are often given a longer duration of antibiotic treatment; however, evidence to support this is limited. : We prospectively studied adult men with fUTI admitted under the Department of Medicine in a tertiary care hospital in southern India. Read More

Ecancermedicalscience 2020 20;14:1127. Epub 2020 Oct 20.

Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan 20132, Italy.

Background: Ultrasound-guided magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-fusion biopsy and in-bore MRI-guided biopsy (MRGB) have improved the diagnostic pathway in patients with suspected prostate cancer compared to the traditional random sampling of the prostate gland under transrectal ultrasound guidance (TRUS-Bx). The aim of our study was to assess the psychological experiences of patients undergoing MRGB and TRUS-Bx.

Method: Participants completed an set of 11 items to be rated from 0 (not at all) to 10 (very much) on visual analogue scales and one open question on the most worrisome aspect of the procedure. Read More

Urologia 2021 Feb 14;88(1):69-76. Epub 2020 Oct 14.

Urology Department, University Hospital "La Paz", Madrid, Spain.

Background: A definition of the best strategy is necessary to optimize the follow-up of patients with previous negative transrectal guided ultrasound biopsy (TRUS-GB) and the persistence of raised prostate-specific antigen (PSA).The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prostate cancer (PCa) diagnostic rate of targeted transperineal ultrasound guided biopsy (TPUS-GB) with cognitive multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) registration with concurrent systematic biopsy in patients with previous negative systematic TRUS-GB and persistently elevated PSA levels.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective study conducted at the University Infanta Sofia Hospital from April 2016 to November 2017, patients with one previous negative systematic TRUS-GB and persistently high PSA levels were referred for mpMRI prostate scans. Read More

Urologiia 2020 Sep(4):21-26

Department of Urology and Human Reproductive Health, Rostov State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Rostov-on-don, Russia.

Introduction: Chronic recurrent bacterial prostatitis (HRBP) affects the reproductive function and negatively affects the quality of life of men. The multifactorial pathogenesis of this disease causes the failure of antibiotic therapy and some cases, requires an in-depth study of the mechanisms of disease development and additional treatment methods.

Objectives: of the study: to study of the effectiveness of immunoactive therapy (recombinant interferon alpha-2b with an antioxidant complex) in combination with antibacterial therapy in patients with HRBP. Read More

J Lab Physicians 2020 Mar 24;12(1):44-48. Epub 2020 Jul 24.

Department of Microbiology, Silchar Medical College, Silchar, Assam.

 Determination of isolated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in asymptomatic individuals has not demonstrated sufficient sensitivity and specificity to be useful in the routine evaluation of prostate disease. To enhance the accuracy of serum PSA we have used a proportion of serum PSA and prostate volume, which we refer to as prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD). Prostate volume in this study was calculated using transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). Read More

Diagnostics (Basel) 2020 Aug 7;10(8). Epub 2020 Aug 7.

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA.

The standard diagnostic procedure for prostate cancer (PCa) is transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided needle biopsy. However, due to the low sensitivity of TRUS to cancerous tissue in the prostate, small yet clinically significant tumors can be missed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with TRUS fusion biopsy has recently been introduced as a way to improve the identification of clinically significant PCa in men. Read More

Andrologia 2020 Nov 28;52(10):e13770. Epub 2020 Jul 28.

Department of Urology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

In this study, we compared the weight of the prostate specimen removed after robotic radical prostatectomy with the prostate weight measured pre-operatively by four different imaging modalities. Pre-operative prostate weight before robotic radical prostatectomy was measured by Transabdominal Ultrasonography (TAUS), Transrectal Ultrasonography (TRUS), Abdominal Tomography (CT) and MultiparametricProstate Magnetic Resonance imaging (mpMRI). Of the 170 patients enrolled in the study, the mean age was 65. Read More

Brachytherapy 2020 Sep - Oct;19(5):599-606. Epub 2020 Jul 22.

Department of Medical Physics, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address:

Purpose: Identifying dominant intraprostatic lesions (DILs) on transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) images during prostate high-dose-rate brachytherapy treatment planning remains a significant challenge. Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) is the tool of choice for DIL identification; however, the geometry of the prostate on mpMRI and on the TRUS may differ significantly, requiring image registration. This study assesses the dosimetric impact attributed to differences in DIL contours generated using commonly available MRI to TRUS automated registration: rigid, semi-rigid, and deformable image registration, respectively. Read More

Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2020 Sep 20;15(9):1467-1476. Epub 2020 Jul 20.

ImViA Laboratory, University of Burgundy, Batiment I3M, 64b rue sully, 21000, Dijon, France.

Purpose: This paper addresses the detection of the clinical target volume (CTV) in transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) image-guided intraoperative for permanent prostate brachytherapy. Developing a robust and automatic method to detect the CTV on intraoperative TRUS images is clinically important to have faster and reproducible interventions that can benefit both the clinical workflow and patient health.

Methods: We present a multi-task deep learning method for an automatic prostate CTV boundary detection in intraoperative TRUS images by leveraging both the low-level and high-level (prior shape) information. Read More

Int J Clin Pract 2020 Nov 27;74(11):e13615. Epub 2020 Aug 27.

Urology Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

Background And Aim: Despite transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) being regarded as gold standard for prostate volume estimation, concerns have been raised in the literature concerning its accuracy especially in men with above-average prostate volumes. We aimed to evaluate the performance of TRUS for prostate volume estimation in a cohort of sub-Saharan African men since they are known to have relatively large mean prostate volumes.

Methods: This was a prospective study of 77 sub-Saharan African men who had open simple prostatectomy for benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Read More

Brachytherapy 2020 Sep - Oct;19(5):589-598. Epub 2020 Jul 15.

Department of Medical Physics, Vancouver Center, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the feasibility of performing intraoperative dosimetry for permanent prostate brachytherapy by combining transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and fluoroscopy/cone beam CT [CBCT] images and accounting for the effect of prostate deformation.

Methods And Materials: 13 patients underwent TRUS and multiview two-dimensional fluoroscopic imaging partway through the implant, as well as repeat fluoroscopic imaging with the TRUS probe inserted and retracted, and finally three-dimensional CBCT imaging at the end of the implant. The locations of all the implanted seeds were obtained from the fluoroscopy/CBCT images and were registered to prostate contours delineated on the TRUS images based on a common subset of seeds identified on both image sets. Read More

Eur Radiol 2020 Nov 26;30(11):6042-6051. Epub 2020 Jun 26.

Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Dusseldorf, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany.

Objectives: To assess the ability of multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI) of the prostate to exclude prostate cancer (PCa) progression during monitoring patients on active surveillance (AS).

Methods: One hundred forty-seven consecutive patients on AS with mp-MRI (T2WI, DWI, DCE-MRI) at 3T were initially enrolled. Fifty-five received follow-up mp-MRI after a minimum interval of 12 months and subsequent targeted MR/US fusion-guided biopsy (FUS-GB) plus concurrent systematic transrectal ultrasound-guided (TRUS-GB) biopsy as reference standard. Read More

World J Urol 2021 Mar 24;39(3):651-659. Epub 2020 Jun 24.

Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive Room B3B85, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Introduction: Prostate cancer has traditionally been diagnosed by an elevation in PSA or abnormal exam leading to a systematic transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy. This diagnostic pathway underdiagnoses clinically significant disease while over diagnosing clinically insignificant disease. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the recent literature regarding the role of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) in the management of prostate cancer. Read More

Int J Clin Oncol 2020 Oct 17;25(10):1844-1853. Epub 2020 Jun 17.

Departments of Urology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.

Background: We evaluated clinical outcomes of region target focal therapy with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for the localized prostate cancer (PCa) based on magnetic resonance imaging-based biopsy and systematic prostate biopsy for Asian.

Methods: We prospectively recruited patients with localized PCa, located their significant tumors using MRI-transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) elastic fusion image-guided transperineal prostate biopsy and 12-cores transperineal systematic biopsy, and focally treated these regions in which the tumors were located in the prostate using HIFU. Patients' functional and oncological outcomes were analyzed prospectively. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 May;99(19):e19946

Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 31, Longhua Road, Haikou 570102, China.

To conduct a STARD-compliant validity that the contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) evaluation of prostate for the improvement of positive rate of biopsy and diagnostic efficiency of prostate carcinoma (PCa).Data of 137 patients with suspected PCa who underwent relevant examinations and treatment were reviewed, and 82 of 137 patients were finally included. The patients consisted of Group 1 (26 patients) and Group 2 (42 patients) according to which they underwent transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) biopsy selected from CEUS evaluation of the prostate and who underwent TRUS-guided biopsy directly. Read More

Eur Urol 2020 08 1;78(2):163-170. Epub 2020 May 1.

UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK; Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Background: All risk stratification strategies in cancer overlook a spectrum of disease. The Prostate MR Imaging Study (PROMIS) provides a unique opportunity to explore cancers that are overlooked by multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI).

Objective: To summarise attributes of cancers that are systematically overlooked by mpMRI. Read More

Phys Med Biol 2020 06 26;65(13):135002. Epub 2020 Jun 26.

Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.

Registration and fusion of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) of the prostate can provide guidance for prostate brachytherapy. However, accurate registration remains a challenging task due to the lack of ground truth regarding voxel-level spatial correspondence, limited field of view, low contrast-to-noise ratio, and signal-to-noise ratio in TRUS. In this study, we proposed a fully automated deep learning approach based on a weakly supervised method to address these issues. Read More

Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi 2020 Apr;37(2):225-229

Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R.China;Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, P.R.China;National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, P.R.China.

This study aims to compare the prostate cancer detection rate between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) cognitive fusion targeted biopsy and systematic biopsy. A total of 614 patients who underwent transrectal prostate biopsy during 2016-2018 with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) were included. All patients with a PI-RADS V2 score ≥ 3 accepted both targeted biopsy and systematic biopsy, and those with a PI-RADS V2 score ≤ 2 only accepted systematic biopsy. Read More

Cancer Med 2020 06 12;9(11):3758-3764. Epub 2020 Apr 12.

Department of Urology, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.

Background: We assessed the effect of biopsy location on the prostate cancer detection and clinically significant prostate cancer.

Methods: A total of 2774 patients with 12-core prostate transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy were included for per core analysis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of the location of biopsy on the prostate cancer and clinically significant prostate cancer detection. Read More