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Niger J Clin Pract 2017 03;20(3):278-282

Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.

Introduction: Prostate cancer is a leading cause of death in men all over the world, and it is becoming an increasing public health burden in sub-Saharan Africa. In our practice, we identified that prostate cancer co-existed with other primary cancers even in noncontiguous regions of the body and this co-existence impacted on our management of these patients.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively studied a 2-year period (June 2012-July 2014), the records of patients in our hospital with prostate cancer, who in addition, had other primary cancers; and studied the management and outcomes of these patients. Read More

Yonsei Med J 2016 Sep;57(5):1054-62

Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, TX, USA.

Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) is characterized by prostatic carcinoma involving ducts and/or acini. The presence of IDC-P is usually associated with a high-grade Gleason score, large tumor volume, and adverse prognostic parameters, including extraprostatic extension and seminal vesicle invasion. When present, IDC-P is associated with worse outcomes, regardless of treatment status. Read More

Pathology 2013 12;45(7):664-9

*Department of Pathology, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri †Departments of Pathology ‡Urology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Aim: Primary bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) may involve the prostate with differing management depending on whether tumour is in situ or invades the prostatic subepithelium or fibromuscular stroma. We aim to understand challenges in reporting UC within prostate transurethral resection (TUR).

Methods: A retrospective review from 2007 to 2010 identified prostate TUR performed for primary bladder UC. Read More

BJU Int 2014 Dec;114(6):832-6

Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Objective: To evaluate survival among patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC) within the prostate in order to assess the impact of depth of tumour invasion as well as the importance of a concurrent bladder tumour.

Patients And Methods: We identified 201 patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) between 1980 and 2006 and were found to have UC involving the prostate. All specimens were re-reviewed by a genitourinary pathologist. Read More

J Urol 2013 Nov 23;190(5):1704-9. Epub 2013 May 23.

Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Purpose: We identified risk factors and determined the incidence and prognosis of incidental, clinically significant prostatic adenocarcinoma, prostatic urothelial carcinoma and HGPIN in patients treated with radical cystoprostatectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed the records of 1,476 patients without a history of prostatic adenocarcinoma. We determined the incidence of clinically significant prostatic adenocarcinoma, prostatic urothelial carcinoma and HGPIN in the total cohort and in select patient subgroups. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012 Feb;240(4):446-9

VRCC Veterinary Referrals, 1 Bramston Way, Southfields, Laindon, Essex, SS15 6TP, England.

Case Description: A 12-year-old neutered male Springer Spaniel was referred with a 1-year history of recurring urinary tract infections. Repeated treatment with appropriate antimicrobials selected on the basis of bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility results would result in clinical improvement, but recurrence of clinical signs was observed within days after discontinuation of treatment.

Clinical Findings: Ultrasound examination revealed a tubular, fluid-filled structure dorsal to the bladder that extended from the midlevel of the bladder to the cranial pole of the prostate. Read More

Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2009 Mar 20;2(6):599-601. Epub 2009 Mar 20.

Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center Seoul, South Korea.

A 64-year-old man underwent a radical cystoprostatectomy for intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy-resistant, recurrent muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder. He had a history of left radical nephroureterectomy for a papillary TCC of the left ureter 10 months ago. On microscopic examination, not only multifocal residual papillary TCCs in the urinary bladder but also multiple small granulomas in the urinary bladder and prostate were noted. Read More

Urology 2009 Aug 7;74(2):385-90. Epub 2009 Jun 7.

Polytechnic University of the Marche Region School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy.

Objectives: To ascertain which variables of bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) might be useful in predicting either UC involving the prostate (UCP) or incidental prostate adenocarcinoma in radical cystoprostatectomy specimens.

Methods: The bladder and whole-mount prostate sections of 248 radical cystoprostatectomy specimens were reviewed. Stepwise discriminant analysis was used to predict UCP or incidental prostate adenocarcinoma. Read More

Urol Oncol 2009 Sep-Oct;27(5):466-72. Epub 2008 Oct 10.

Department of Urology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.

Purpose: The standard treatment of high-grade, invasive bladder cancer is radical cystectomy. Prostate-sparing techniques have recently become an alternative surgical approach for the treatment of the disease. We review the literature regarding the oncologic and functional outcomes for prostate-sparing approaches. Read More

Br J Radiol 2008 Nov 28;81(971):907-15. Epub 2008 Jul 28.

Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

The appearance of several unusual tumours in the prostate has resulted in questions being raised concerning their histogenesis; moreover, some of these tumours have prognoses that are quite unlike those of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Unusual neoplasms involving the prostate have been described in recent years, including mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine cancer, lymphoma, spindle cell neoplasm, squamous cell carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma. Radiological findings can overlap, and play limited roles in the diagnoses of these entities. Read More

Clin Genitourin Cancer 2007 Sep;5(6):386-9

Department of Urology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501, USA.

Background: Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a treatment option for superficial (Read More

Urology 2007 Jan;69(1 Suppl):50-61

Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

This study was conducted to explore the diagnosis and management of urothelial carcinoma of the prostate in superficial disease and carcinoma in situ, stromal invasion, primary urothelial carcinoma, and urethral recurrence after radical surgery. A consensus conference convened by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Société Internationale d'Urologie (SIU) reviewed the diagnosis and management of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. English-language literature about urothelial carcinoma of the prostate was identified and reviewed. Read More

Mod Pathol 2005 Apr;18(4):585-90

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

The differential diagnosis of mucin-producing adenocarcinoma of the prostate includes conventional prostatic adenocarcinoma with mucin production, secondary adenocarcinoma usually of colorectal origin and, very rarely, urothelial-type adenocarcinoma arising from either the prostatic urethra or proximal ducts. Conventional prostatic adenocarcinoma with mucin production is readily identified by routine microscopy and immunohistochemistry. The distinction between secondary adenocarcinoma and urothelial-type adenocarcinoma, however, can present a significant diagnostic challenge. Read More

J Urol 2004 Feb;171(2 Pt 1):646-51

Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.

Purpose: Prostatic carcinoma (Pca) at cystoprostatectomy is usually an incidental finding with the majority thought to be clinically insignificant. Most studies have not specifically addressed the location of Pca or the incidence and location of in situ or invasive urothelial carcinoma (Uca) in prostates of cystoprostatectomy specimens. The frequency of involvement of the apex with these processes has clinical implications. Read More

J Urol 2003 Jan;169(1):149-52

Division of Urology, Department of Pathology, Cliniques Universitaires Mont-Godinne and Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium.

Purpose: We reviewed the degree to which extension from transitional cell carcinoma into the prostate affects survival. We also compared whether prostatic stromal invasion occurring via direct extension through the bladder wall differs from stromal invasion arising intraurethrally.

Materials And Methods: A total of 76 men who underwent radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma also had prostate involvement. Read More

Can J Urol 2001 Jun;8(3):1290-2

Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.

Introduction: The traditional criteria for selecting suitability of male patients with bladder cancer for othtopic neobladder substitution includes: patient motivation, negative transurethral (TUR) prostate biopsy prior to cystectomy, and/or tumor-free biopsy of the urethral margin at the time of cystectomy. In this report we evaluate the value of these preoperative and intraoperative biopsies in the cystoscopically normal prostatic urethra.

Methods: During a 5-year period, cystectomies were performed on 54 men and 13 women with invasive bladder cancer. Read More

Am J Surg Pathol 2001 Jun;25(6):794-801

Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

No data exist on urothelial carcinoma diagnosed on prostatic needle biopsy. We reviewed 21 cases (19 consultations) of urothelial carcinoma diagnosed on prostate needle biopsy from 1991 to 1998. In 13 of 21 (62%) cases, urothelial carcinoma showed in situ urothelial carcinoma involving prostatic ducts and acini (DCIS) only; 6 of 21 (29%) cases showed both DCIS and invasive carcinoma and 2 of 21 (9%) cases showed widespread stromal invasion without DCIS. Read More

Cancer 1998 Feb;82(4):703-7

Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.

Background: This study was performed to identify clinical and histologic features most significant in predicting outcome in patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the prostate without invasive bladder carcinoma.

Methods: The histologic and clinical material from 50 patients with prostatic TCC without invasive bladder carcinoma were studied. The tumors were divided into the following locoregional categories: 1) TCC in situ (CIS) of the prostatic urethra; 2) CIS of the prostatic ducts and acini; 3) TCC with stromal invasion; 4) TCC with extraprostatic extension and/or seminal vesicle involvement; and 5) lymph node metastases. Read More

J Urol 1997 Jul;158(1):126-7

Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical Center, California, USA.

Purpose: To our knowledge the transrectal ultrasound appearance of prostatic granulomas occurring after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy has not been thoroughly described.

Materials And Methods: A total of 13 men with a history of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder treated with intravesical BCG underwent transrectal ultrasound followed by prostate biopsy and/or cystoprostatectomy.

Results: Of the 13 patients studied 9 (69. Read More

Mod Pathol 1997 Jun;10(6):612-29

Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.

Most cases of carcinoma involving the prostate gland show characteristic acinar histologic features. The term variant is used to describe a distinctly different histomorphologic phenotype of a certain type of neoplasm. The recognition of histologic variants of prostate carcinoma is important because some types are associated with a different clinical outcome and might have a different therapeutic approach, and because awareness of the unusual pattern might be critical in avoiding diagnostic misinterpretations. Read More

Urology 1996 Sep;48(3):490-3

Department of Pathology, University of Southern California School of Medicine/Kenneth Norris Jr Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles 90033, USA.

We report the finding of benign, ectopic prostatic tissue in the seminal vesicle of a 67-year-old man who underwent a radical cystoprostatectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and in whom carcinoma of the prostate was incidentally identified. The benign nature of the ectopic prostatic epithelium within the seminal vesicle was confirmed by its morphologic features and by the identification of an intact basal cell layer surrounding the prostatic epithelium. In this patient with prostatic carcinoma, it was essential to distinguish benign prostatic epithelium from adenocarcinoma to assign a correct tumor stage and determine appropriate treatment. Read More

J Urol 1996 Sep;156(3):1071-6

Department of Urology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA.

Purpose: We investigated the effect on survival of transitional cell carcinoma of the prostatic urethra, ducts and stroma, and determined the difference between prostatic stromal involvement occurring via direct extension through the bladder wall versus stromal invasion arising intraurethrally.

Materials And Methods: Between August 1971 and December 1989, 489 men underwent radical cystoprostatectomy for transitional cell carcinoma, including 143 (29.2%) identified with prostate involvement by transitional cell carcinoma, in the cystectomy specimen. Read More

Prog Urol 1996 Aug-Sep;6(4):558-63

Service d'Urologie I, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France.

Objective: To evaluate the frequency, predictive parameters and prognosis of urethral recurrence after cystoprostatectomy for urothelial bladder cancer.

Material And Methods: From 1989 to 1994, 8 of a series of 185 patients (4.3%) treated by cystoprostatectomy for bladder carcinoma between 1988 and 1993 developed urethral recurrence revealed by urethral bleeding, with a follow-up of 6 to 36 months (m = 16). Read More

Actas Urol Esp 1994 Sep;18(8):782-96

Servicio de Urología, Hospital de Móstoles, Madrid.

Objective: The urothelium is a pseudostratified cylindrical epithelium that lines the calices, renal pelvis, urethers, bladder, part of the urethra and part of the prostate ducts. Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is a malignant neoplasia that can appear in any site where urothelium is present, being the bladder the most frequently affected organ. We performed an analysis of our experience and conducted a literature-based metanalysis to evaluate the coexistence of tumoral lesions at different locations in the urinary tract. Read More

Br J Urol 1994 Sep;74(3):341-4

Stanford University Department of Urology, California.

Objective: To evaluate transrectal ultrasound as a means of diagnosis and of monitoring patients with rhabdomyosarcoma involving the prostate.

Patients And Methods: Serial transrectal ultrasonography was utilized to evaluate prostatic rhabdomyosarcoma in three patients.

Results: Unlike prostatic adenocarcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma involving the prostate, which are predominantly hypoechoic, the echogenicity of rhabdomyosarcoma is similar to that of the normal prostate. Read More

J Urol 1992 Jan;147(1):92-5

Department of Pathology and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, San Jose, California 95128.

To assess the impact of prostatic involvement with transitional cell carcinoma we reviewed the clinical outcome of 49 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate. In addition, 115 step-sectioned cystoprostatectomy specimens removed for bladder transitional cell carcinoma were studied to determine the true incidence of secondary prostatic involvement by transitional cell carcinoma. Specimens from 300 prostates removed for prostatic adenocarcinoma also were reviewed to investigate the presence of incidental transitional cell carcinoma arising within the prostate. Read More

Urology 1991 May;37(5):423-7

Division of Urology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland.

Thirteen patients with Stage Tis, Ta, or T1 transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder treated by transurethral resections and intravesical chemotherapy developed TCC of the prostate. Among the 13 cases, cytology specimens were obtained from 10 at the time prostatic disease was diagnosed; 9 demonstrated TCC. One was treated successfully by transurethral resection of a Ta lesion involving the prostatic urethra only. Read More

J Urol 1990 Jul;144(1):73-5

Department of Urology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030.

Interest in performing a continent urinary diversion and in preserving sexual potency after radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder has emphasized the need to identify accurately those men who are at high risk for urethral recurrences. We reviewed the records of 200 men who underwent radical cystectomy between 1969 and 1976. In 76 men urethrectomy and cystectomy were combined. Read More

J Urol 1990 May;143(5):952-6

Division of Urology, Stanford University Medical Center, California 94304-5118.

Prostatic involvement with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is common. Surveillance for prostatic invasion consists primarily of cystoscopic examination of the urethra. Unfortunately, transitional cell carcinoma may involve other regions of the prostate that are inaccessible by cystoscopy. Read More

J Urol 1990 Jan;143(1):34-5; discussion 35-6

Department of Urology, Royal Newcastle Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.

We studied 15 patients with histologically proved multifocal carcinoma in situ of the bladder who were in remission at a mean followup of 21 months after induction intravesical chemotherapy with mitomycin C. These patients have been followed for a further 28 months, for a total mean duration of 49 months. Of the 15 patients 4 suffered new areas of carcinoma in situ, including 3 who subsequently required cystectomy (2 after unsuccessful intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy and 1 with a simultaneous invasive tumor). Read More

J Urol 1989 Jul;142(1):83-5

Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio.

Transitional cell carcinoma involving the prostate in patients with bladder carcinoma impacts on the judicious use of intravesical chemotherapy, partial cystectomy and internal urinary reservoirs anastomosed to the urethra. We compared the accuracy of prostate needle biopsy, fine needle prostatic aspiration and transurethral resection biopsies of the prostate to detect the presence or absence of transitional cell carcinoma involving the prostate in 25 men undergoing radical cystectomy, of whom 40 per cent had transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate. The accuracy of the 3 detection methods was 20, 40 and 90 per cent, respectively. Read More

Khirurgiia (Sofiia) 1984 ;37(5):390-4

Br J Urol 1981 Dec;53(6):610-2

Br J Urol 1981 Dec;53(6):605-9

Transitional cell carcinoma involving the prostate gland was studied in 27 patients. Three different groups were recognised on the basis of the clinical pattern and histological findings. Each group has a different prognosis and merits a different approach to treatment. Read More

Br J Urol 1979 Dec;51(6):575-8

Thirty-three cases of transitional cell carcinoma involving the prostate gland are reviewed. Four different types of involvement are described. The mortality of 66% was largely confined to those with primary prostatic transitional cell carcinoma and those in whom there was direct invasion of the prostate by a bladder tumour. Read More