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Gene 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address:

Given the multifactorial state of autoimmune complex diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), it is not clear if different risk factors act jointly or independently. Despite intensive studies investigating multi aspects of MS risk factors, findings with regards to potential biomarkers that may link these risk factors remained largely inconclusive. System biology or data integration utilizes different validated datasets to extract meaningful information and map the plausible biological pathways and networks. Read More

Eur J Pharmacol 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Saarland University Medical Faculty D-66421 Homburg, Germany. Electronic address:

Stimulation of transient receptor potential M3 (TRPM3) channels with the steroid pregnenolone sulfate increases the transcriptional activation potential of Elk-1, a transcription factor that regulates serum response element-mediated transcription. Here, we show that an influx of Ca ions into the cells is essential for the activation of Elk-1 following stimulation of TRPM3. Using genetically encoded Ca buffers, we show that a rise in cytoplasmic Ca is required for the upregulation of the transcriptional activation potential of Elk-1, while buffering of Ca in the nucleus had no inhibitory effect on the transcriptional activity of Elk-1. Read More

Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Bioeffects Division, Radio Frequency Bioeffects Branch, 4141 Petroleum Road, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.

Nanosecond electric pulses have been shown to open nanopores in the cell plasma membrane by fluorescent imaging of calcium uptake and fluorescent dyes, including propidium (Pr) iodide and YO-PRO-1 (YP). Recently, we demonstrated that nsEPs also induce the phosphoinositide intracellular signaling cascade by phosphatidylinositol‑4,5‑bisphosphate (PIP) depletion resulting in physiological responses similar to those observed following stimulation of G-coupled receptors. In this paper, we explore the role of receptor- and store-operated calcium entry (ROCE/SOCE) mechanisms in the observed response of cells to nsEP. Read More

Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018 Dec 15. Epub 2018 Dec 15.

ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India.

Citrate synthase (CS) and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-ICDH) have been considered as candidate enzymes to provide carbon skeletons for nitrogen assimilation, i.e., production of 2-oxoglutarate required by the glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase cycle. Read More

Neurology 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

From the Department of Neurology (F.S., C.T., M.D., A.Z.), German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (F.S., S.I., C.P., S.B., C.T., E.S., G.K., P.B., M.D., T.B., A.Z.), Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience (S.I., M.D., T.B.), Department of Nuclear Medicine (P.B.), and Clinical Neurosciences (T.B.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich; and Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (P.B., M.D.), SyNergy, Munich, Germany.

Objective: To investigate long-term recovery of allocentric and egocentric spatial orientation as a sensitive marker for hippocampal and extrahippocampal network function in transient global amnesia (TGA).

Methods: A group of 18 patients with TGA performed an established real-space navigation paradigm, requiring allo- and egocentric spatial orientation abilities, 3 days (postacute stage) and 3 months (follow-up) after symptom onset. Visual exploration behavior and navigation strategy were documented by a gaze-controlled, head-fixed camera. Read More

Plant Physiol 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

The Pennsylvania State University CITY: University Park STATE: Pennsylvania POSTAL_CODE: n/a United States Of America [US]

Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973 (Synechococcus 2973) has the shortest reported doubling time (2.1 h) among cyanobacteria, making it a promising platform for the solar-based production of biochemicals. In this meta-analysis, its intracellular flux distribution was re-computed using genome-scale Isotopic Non-Stationary-13C-Metabolic Flux Analysis (INST-MFA) given the labeling dynamics of 13 metabolites reported in an earlier study. Read More

J Vasc Surg 2018 Dec 11. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

CAMC Health Education and Research Institute, Charleston, WVa.

Background: The incidence of carotid in-stent stenosis has been reported to vary between 1% and 30%. Most published studies have short follow-up, which may lead to underestimation of the incidence of in-stent stenosis. This study analyzed the incidence of ≥50% and ≥80% in-stent stenosis using validated duplex ultrasound criteria and its clinical implications. Read More

Neuron 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

RIKEN-MIT Center for Neural Circuit Genetics at the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Biology and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Electronic address:

Animals need to optimize the efficacy of memory retrieval to adapt to environmental circumstances for survival. The recent development of memory engram labeling technology allows a precise investigation of the processes associated with the recall of a specific memory. Here, we show that engram cell excitability is transiently increased following memory reactivation. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2018 Dec 13;19(12). Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Institute of Experimental Botany Czech Acad Sci, Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Rozvojova 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic.

Hormonal dynamics after infection were compared in two cultivars-more resistant SY Alister and more sensitive Hornet, in order to elucidate responses associated with efficient defense. Both cultivars responded to infection by the early transient elevation of active cytokinins (predominantly -zeatin) and auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in leaves and roots, which was longer in Hornet. Moderate IAA levels in Hornet roots coincided with a high expression of biosynthetic gene (contrary to , , ). Read More

Biomed Pharmacother 2019 Jan 20;109:1718-1727. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide derived from brown algae and possesses various beneficial activities, including antioxidant property. Previous studies have shown that fucoidan displays protective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury in some organs. However, few studies have been reported regarding the protective effect of fucoidan against transient cerebral ischemic insults and its related mechanisms. Read More

J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Background: The recommendation in regards to screening for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients differs in major guidelines.

Aim: To study the prevalence of NALFD and advanced fibrosis among T2DM patients.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of consecutive adult T2DM patients attending the Diabetes Clinic of a university hospital. Read More

Am J Perinatol 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan.

Objective:  To assess effects of neonatal transport on transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) in outborn term neonates.

Study Design:  This retrospective cohort study included 66 term neonates diagnosed with TTN and transported to the Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital neonatal intensive care unit between January 2003 and March 2018. A multivariate logistic regression analysis identified perinatal and neonatal transport factors associated with adverse short-term outcomes defined as mechanical ventilation >48 hours, continuous positive airway pressure >72 hours, pulmonary hemorrhage, and requirement for inhaled nitric oxide, thoracentesis, or surfactant replacement therapy. Read More

PLoS One 2018 14;13(12):e0207139. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

College of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.

Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), including Ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1), are hypermethylated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). TET1 catalytic domain (TET1-CD) induces genome-wide DNA demethylation to activate TSGs, but so far, anticancer effects of TET1-CD are unclear. Here we showed that after HCC cells were transiently transfected with TET1-CD, the methylation levels of TSGs, namely APC, p16, RASSF1A, SOCS1 and TET1, were distinctly reduced, and their mRNA levels were significantly increased and HCC cells proliferation, migration and invasion were suppressed, but the methylation and mRNA levels of oncogenes, namely C-myc, Bmi1, EMS1, Kpna2 and c-fos, were not significantly change. Read More

PLoS One 2018 14;13(12):e0207486. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America.

Background: Microbubbles (MB) can be compressed to nanometer-sized droplets and reactivated with diagnostic ultrasound; these reactivated MB possess unique imaging characteristics.

Objective: We hypothesized that droplets formed from compressing Definity MB may be used for infarct-enhancement imaging.

Methods: Fourteen rats underwent ligation of their left anterior descending (LAD) artery, and five pigs underwent 90 minute balloon occlusions of their mid LAD. Read More

Int J Food Microbiol 2018 Dec 4;291:197-204. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, 2360 Rainwater Rd., Tifton, GA 31793-5766, USA.

Plant genotype has been advocated to have an important role in the fate of enteric pathogens residing in lettuce foliage. This study was therefore undertaken under the premise that different pathogen responses could occur in lettuce cultivars with cultivar selection being one of several hurdles in an overall strategy for controlling foodborne pathogens on field-grown produce. Up to eight lettuce cultivars ('Gabriella', 'Green Star', 'Muir', 'New Red Fire', 'Coastal Star', 'Starfighter', 'Tropicana', and 'Two Star') were examined in these experiments in which the plants were subjected to spray contamination of their foliage with pathogens. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2018 Dec 2;657:568-576. Epub 2018 Dec 2.

Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa 56124, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa 56124, Italy; Nutrafood Research Center, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.

Tropospheric ozone (O) is the most important gaseous pollutant and induces a mass of negative impacts on vegetation at functional and genic levels. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of reactive oxygen species and signalling molecules in sage plants exposed to O (200 ppb, 5 h). Ozone exposure induced only a transient oxidative burst, as confirmed by the rapid peak of anion superoxide during the first hours of exposure (+16% compared to controls). Read More

Biochimie 2018 Dec 11. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 61 Jiefang Xi Road, Changsha, 410219, Hunan, PR China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Changsha Medical College, No. 1501 Leifeng Road, Changsha, 410219, Hunan, PR China. Electronic address:

The present study was designed to explore the role of transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3) in nicotine-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its underlying mechanism. In this study, the expression and localization of α5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α5-nAchR) in lung tissues were determined by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis was performed to examine the mRNA expression levels of α5-nAchR and TRPC3 in human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). Read More

J Phys Chem B 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

The drying and crystallisation of solution droplets is a problem of broad relevance, determining the micro-structures of particles formed in spray drying, the phase of particles delivered by, for example, aerosol formulations for inhalation therapies, and the impact of aerosols on radiative forcing and climate. The ephemeral nature of free-droplets, particularly when considering the drying kinetics of droplets with highly volatile constituents, has often precluded the accurate measurement of transient properties such as droplet size and composition, preventing the robust assessment of predictive models of droplet drying rates, nucleation and crystallisation. Here, we report novel measurements of the drying kinetics of individual aqueous sodium chloride solution droplets using a comparative-kinetics electrodynamic balance to isolate and trap single aerosol droplets (radius ~ 25 µm). Read More

Langmuir 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Advancement in high-performance photonics/electronics devices has amplified generated thermal energy making thermal management a bottleneck for the accelerated innovation in these disciplines. While various methods have been used to tackle the thermal management problem, evaporation with nanometer fluid thickness is one of the most promising approaches for future technological demands. Here, we studied thin-film evaporation in nanochannels under absolute negative pressure in both transient and steady-state conditions. Read More

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018 Oct;32(19):1477-1479

Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100032, China.

To evaluate the operation safety, hearing as well as speech results of cochlear implantation that were applied in patients over 75 years old. A series of patients who were diagnosed as severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss and received cochlear implantation were admitted. The clinical data and rehabilitation effects of the patients who were over 75 years old were summarized. Read More

Isr Med Assoc J 2018 Dec;20(12):792

Department of Family Medicine, Sial Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.

J Clin Psychiatry 2018 Dec 4;80(1). Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA.

Background: According to prevailing models and classical reports, abrupt responses to antidepressant medication are not true drug responses but rather transient placebo effects. By contrast, recent reports suggest that early sudden improvements have a lasting effect and appear in most patients receiving medication. Clinical guidelines influenced by these contradictory findings are mixed and confusing. Read More

Psychophysiology 2018 Dec 14:e13310. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

EMG Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

All sensory stimuli produce transient excitability changes in various central nervous system circuits. One example is prepulse inhibition (PPI), which is the inhibition generated by a preceding weak stimulus (prepulse) over the reflex response to a subsequent suprathreshold stimulus. The PPI is a ubiquitous phenomenon, common to many different sensory modalities. Read More

J Med Virol 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

Background And Aim: Direct acting antiviral has offered treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) recurrence post liver transplantation (LT) with an all-oral regimen for short duration, excellent safety profile, and high sustained virological response (SVR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir (SOF)-based regimens in the real world among a cohort of Egyptian patients with recurrent HCV post living donor LT (LDLT).

Methods: Patients with HCV-G4 recurrence post-LDLT were recruited from National Committee of Control of Viral Hepatitis, Egypt, from November 2014 to May 2017. Read More

J Anat 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.

The objective of this paper was to collect normative data essential for analyzing the subplate (SP) role in pathogenesis of developmental disorders, characterized by abnormal circuitry, such as hypoxic-ischemic lesions, autism and schizophrenia. The main cytological features of the SP, such as low cell density, early differentiation of neurons and glia, plexiform arrangement of axons and dendrites, presence of synapses and a large amount of extracellular matrix (ECM) distinguish this compartment from the cell-dense cortical plate (CP; towards pia) and large fiber bundles of external axonal strata of fetal white matter (towards ventricle). For SP delineation from these adjacent layers based on combined cytological criteria, we analyzed the sublaminar distribution of different microstructural elements and the associated maturational gradients throughout development, using immunocytochemical and histological techniques on postmortem brain material (Zagreb Neuroembryological Collection). Read More

Macromol Biosci 2018 Dec 13:e1800271. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Physics, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, FL, 33199, USA.

In-depth understanding of the biophysicochemical interactions at the nano-bio interface is important for basic cell biology and applications in nanomedicine and nanobiosensors. Here, the extracellular surface potential and topography changes of live cell membranes interacting with polymeric nanomaterials using a scanning ion conductance microscopy-based potential imaging technique are investigated. Two structurally similar amphiphilic conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) containing different functional groups (i. Read More

Echocardiography 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Cardiology Department, Zagazig University Hospital-Egypt, Zagazig, Egypt.

Background And Aim: Recently, a clear evidence suggests that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with an increased risk of incident atrial fibrillation (AF). Yet, the underlying pathogenesis is speculative. Thereby, we aimed to investigate the hypothesis that, interatrial thickness (IAST) and left atrial stiffness (LASt) might have mechanistic links between NAFLD and AF. Read More

Dev Neurobiol 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Unit on Neural Circuits and Adaptive Behaviors, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.

Perinatal neurodevelopment involves extensive formation of neural connections and onset of activity-dependent gene expression for synaptic function and plasticity. Exposure to psychostimulants at this stage imposes significant risks for developing cognitive and affective disorders later in life. However, how developmental exposure to psychostimulants may induce long lasting molecular changes relevant to neural circuit function remains incompletely understood. Read More

Am J Transplant 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Tissue resident lymphocytes are present within many organs, and are presumably transferred at transplantation, but their impact upon host immunity is unclear. Here we examine whether transferred donor natural regulatory CD4 T cells (nT-regs) inhibit host alloimmunity and prolong allograft survival. Transfer of donor-strain lymphocytes was first assessed by identifying circulating donor-derived CD4 T cells in 21 consecutive human lung transplant recipients, with three patterns of chimerism apparent: transient; intermediate; and persistent (detectable for up to 6 weeks, 6 months, and beyond one year, respectively). Read More

Curr Protoc Stem Cell Biol 2018 Dec 12:e75. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

We have established an in vitro model of the human congenital heart defect (CHD)-associated mutation NKX2.5 R141C. We describe the use of the hanging drop method to differentiate Nkx2. Read More

Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2018 Dec 8. Epub 2018 Dec 8.

Department of Cardiology, Ehime Niihama Prefectural Hospital, Niihama, Ehime, Japan.

Background: Temporary pace maker is necessary because of transient block or bradycardia during the intracoronary acetylcholine spasm provocation tests based on the Japanese Circulation Society guidelines.

Objectives: We examined the feasibility and safety of the acetylcholine spasm provocation test via the radial artery and brachial vein approach.

Methods: We tried to perform the acetylcholine spasm provocation tests in 252 patients via the radial artery and brachial vein approach procedures during 5 years. Read More

Phys Rev Lett 2018 Nov;121(22):220601

Department of Basic Science, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.

We propose a self-validating scheme to calculate the unbiased responses of quantum many-body systems to external fields of arbitrary strength at any temperature. By switching on a specified field to a thermal pure quantum state of an isolated system, and tracking its time evolution, one can observe an intrinsic thermalization process driven solely by many-body effects. The transient behavior before thermalization contains rich information on excited states, giving the linear and nonlinear response functions at all frequencies. Read More

J Phys Chem Lett 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

We report an experimental study of iodomethane attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (ATAS) in the region of iodine 4d core-to-valence/Rydberg excitation. Similar to previous atomic experiments, XUV-NIR delay-dependent absorbance changes reflect a light-induced phase due to an NIR-field driven AC Stark shift of the excited states, as well as pathway interferences arising from couplings between neighboring states. As a novel aspect of molecular ATAS, we observe pronounced differences between the ATAS signatures of valence and Rydberg states. Read More

Biochemistry 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Large parallel gains in the development of both computational resources as well as sampling methods have now made it possible to simulate dissociation events in ligand-protein complexes with all--atom resolution. Such encouraging progress, together with the inherent spatiotemporal resolution associated with molecular simulations, has left their use for investigating dissociation processes brimming with potential, both in rational drug design, where it can be an invaluable tool for determining the mechanistic driving forces behind dissociation rate constants, as well as in force-field development, where it can provide a catalog of transient molecular structures on which to refine force-fields. Although much progress has been made in making force-fields more accurate, reducing their error for transient structures along a transition path could yet prove to be a critical development helping to make kinetic predictions much more accurate. Read More

Ir Med J 2018 09 10;111(8):808. Epub 2018 Sep 10.

Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland.

Aim To describe a case of acute and transient hand weakness that developed during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training. Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) should be considered in patients with recurrent, painless motor or sensory neuropathies at sites of peripheral nerve compression. Methods Nerve conduction studies confirmed neuropraxia of the distal ulnar nerve with a mild background demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. Read More

J Nucl Cardiol 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.

Plant Reprod 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.

Plant zygotes usually undergo asymmetrical cell division, giving rise to the formation of two daughter cells with distinct developmental cell fate. The small apical cell will develop into the major part of embryo proper, whereas the larger basal cell will divide to form a transient suspensor. Thus, the apical and basal cell lineages are an excellent model to study cell fate determination in relation to zygote polarity. Read More

eNeurologicalSci 2018 Dec 22;13:46-48. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Juchgasse 25, A-1030 Wien, Austria.

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is a transient transient left ventricular dysfunction, predominantly affecting elderly women and often preceded by emotional or physical stress. TTS may be the cause as well as the consequence of stroke. We report a 82-years old female with a history of long-standing untreated arterial hypertension who was hospitalized because of a left-sided tongue paralysis and dysarthria. Read More

Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2019 Jan 17;14:51-58. Epub 2018 Nov 17.

Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Japan.

Purpose: To investigate chronological changes in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients who received iodine-125 brachytherapy (BT) for prostate cancer.

Methods: We enrolled 706 patients who received BT. Of these, 265 (38%) received BT combined with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). Read More

Sci Adv 2018 Dec 12;4(12):eaau9403. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Department of Mathematics and naXys, Namur Institute for Complex Systems, University of Namur, rempart de la Vierge 8, B 5000 Namur, Belgium.

We analyze a collection of empirical networks in a wide spectrum of disciplines and show that strong non-normality is ubiquitous in network science. Dynamical processes evolving on non-normal networks exhibit a peculiar behavior, as initial small disturbances may undergo a transient phase and be strongly amplified in linearly stable systems. In addition, eigenvalues may become extremely sensible to noise and have a diminished physical meaning. Read More

Global Chall 2018 Nov 19;2(11):1800032. Epub 2018 Sep 19.

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA.

Photocatalytic CO reduction with water to hydrocarbons represents a viable and sustainable process toward greenhouse gas reduction and fuel/chemical production. Development of more efficient catalysts is the key to mitigate the limits in photocatalytic processes. Here, a novel ultrathin-film photocatalytic light absorber (UFPLA) with TiO films to design efficient photocatalytic CO conversion processes is created. Read More

Front Microbiol 2018 27;9:2792. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.

Sulfoquinovose (SQ, 6-deoxy-6-sulfoglucose) is produced by plants and other phototrophs and its biodegradation is a relevant component of the biogeochemical carbon and sulfur cycles. SQ is known to be degraded by aerobic bacterial consortia in two tiers via C-organosulfonates as transient intermediates to CO, water and sulfate. In this study, we present a first laboratory model for anaerobic degradation of SQ by bacterial consortia in two tiers to acetate and hydrogen sulfide (HS). Read More

Front Pharmacol 2018 28;9:1369. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.

G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) were first characterized as signal transducers that elicit downstream effects through modulation of guanine (G) nucleotide-binding proteins. The pharmacotherapeutic exploitation of this signaling paradigm has created a drug-based field covering nearly 50% of the current pharmacopeia. Since the groundbreaking discoveries of the late 1990s to the present day, it is now clear however that GPCRs can also generate productive signaling cascades through the modulation of β-arrestin functionality. Read More

J Appl Crystallogr 2018 Dec 11;51(Pt 6):1511-1524. Epub 2018 Oct 11.

ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France.

This article presents the main technical features and performance of the upgraded beamline ID02 at the ESRF. The beamline combines different small-angle X-ray scattering techniques in one unique instrument, enabling static and kinetic investigations from ångström to micrometre size scales and time resolution down to the sub-millisecond range. The main component of the instrument is an evacuated detector tube of length 34 m and diameter 2 m. Read More

Nat Rev Cardiol 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.

Fully bioresorbable scaffolds (BRS) were designed to overcome the limitations of metallic drug-eluting stents, which permanently cage the vessel wall, thereby preventing normal coronary vasomotion, preclude bypass grafting and can provoke long-term foreign-body responses. Although multiple scaffolds have been or are in development, the Absorb Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold (BVS; Abbott Vascular) was the first FDA-approved device and was widely expected to fulfil the dream of interventional cardiologists of a transient scaffold that would disappear 'when the job was done' and would not hamper further treatment options. Although early, small studies and even large, randomized trials showed beneficial outcomes up to 1 year of follow-up, longer-term results have been disappointing, with increased rates of device thrombosis and target-lesion revascularization. Read More

Cell Death Dis 2018 Dec 13;9(12):1194. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

School of Dental Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan.

The uncarboxylated form of osteocalcin (GluOC) regulates glucose and lipid metabolism in mice. We previously showed that low-dose (≤10 ng/ml) GluOC induces the expression of adiponectin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) via a cAMP-PKA-ERK-CREB signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We also noticed that high-dose (≥20 ng/ml) GluOC inhibits the expression of adiponectin and PPARγ in these cells. Read More

Sci Rep 2018 Dec 13;8(1):17829. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, 510080, China.

Precise prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and the associated risk factors in southern China are rarely reported. This large population-based follow-up study, the Guangzhou Heart Study, was conducted from 2015 to 2017 to fill up this gap. Permanent residents aged 35 years and above in Guangzhou city were enrolled and demographic factors of participants were collected by a structured questionnaire. Read More

Haematologica 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College; John Paul II Hospital, Krakow.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

School of Mathematics, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ 08540

Mixing of initially distinct substances plays an important role in our daily lives as well as in ecological and technological worlds. From the continuum point of view, which we adopt here, mixing is complete when the substances come together across smallest flow scales determined in part by molecular mechanisms, but important stages of the process occur via the advection of substances by an underlying flow. We know how smooth flows enable mixing but less well the manner in which a turbulent flow influences it; but the latter is the more common occurrence on Earth and in the universe. Read More

Science 2018 Dec 13;362(6420). Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

Human nervous system development is an intricate and protracted process that requires precise spatiotemporal transcriptional regulation. We generated tissue-level and single-cell transcriptomic data from up to 16 brain regions covering prenatal and postnatal rhesus macaque development. Integrative analysis with complementary human data revealed that global intraspecies (ontogenetic) and interspecies (phylogenetic) regional transcriptomic differences exhibit concerted cup-shaped patterns, with a late fetal-to-infancy (perinatal) convergence. Read More