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Rev Neurol (Paris) 2019 Mar 28. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Service de chirurgie vasculaire, polyclinique du Maine, 4, avenue des Français-Libres, 53000 Laval, France.

Eur Neurol 2018 29;80(5-6):345-354. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

Departments of Neurology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea,

Background: We evaluated a brain network using graph theoretical analysis and microstructural abnormalities of the white matter in patients with transient global amnesia (TGA).

Methods: Twenty patients with TGA and healthy control subjects were recruited, and they underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans. Graph theory was applied to obtain network measures based on DTI data. Read More

Case Rep Neurol Med 2019 20;2019:4810629. Epub 2019 Feb 20.

Department of Neurology, Adventist Health White Memorial, USA.

We discuss a patient who presented to our hospital with signs, symptoms, and clinical course consistent with transient global amnesia (TGA). Her hospital work-up was overall unremarkable except for the presence of a diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) abnormality on MRI suggestive of acute infarction in the left cingulate gyrus. Symptoms quickly resolved, and she was discharged home in stable condition. Read More

Dement Neurocogn Disord 2018 Dec 21;17(4):176-178. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Department of Neurology, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.

Front Neurol 2019 5;10:67. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Previous neuroimaging and ultrasound studies suggested that compression and stenosis of the internal jugular vein (IJV) in patients with transient global amnesia (TGA) may impair IJV drainage, while a patent IJV releases intracranial pressure caused by the Valsalva maneuver (VM). Seventy-nine TGA patients with complete ultrasound examination data during admission were recruited prospectively to evaluate IJV drainage, which included the time-averaged mean velocity, and the cross-sectional lumen area of the IJV at the vein's middle (J2) and distal (J3) segments and the cross-sectional area during a 10-s VM to test for any retrograde or anti-grade flow. Forty-five TGA patients and 45 age- and sex-matched control subjects underwent complete contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) venous studies, which included time-resolved imaging of contrast kinetics, contrast-enhanced axial T1-weighted MR imaging, and phase-contrast-based non-contrast enhanced magnetic resonance venography (MRV). Read More

Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2019 Jan;77(1):3-9

Center for Research on Neuroimmunological Diseases (CIEN), Raúl Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Objective: The risk of recurrence of new amnesia events in patients having previously experienced transient global amnesia (TGA) ranges between 2.9-23.8%. Read More

Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2019 Jan;77(1):1-2

University of Milan, 'Luigi Sacco' Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Milan, Italy.

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019 Apr 30;28(4):e22-e23. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China. Electronic address:

Eur J Neurol 2019 Jan 31. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin.

Background And Purpose: Elevation of cardiac troponin (cTn), a sensitive biomarker of myocardial injury, is frequently observed in severe acute neurological disorders. Case reports suggest that cardiac dysfunction may also occur in patients with transient global amnesia (TGA). Until now, no study has systematically assessed this phenomenon. Read More

Hippocampus 2019 Jan 31. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Memory Disorders and Plasticity Group, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

Day-to-day life involves the perception of events that resemble one another. For the sufficient encoding and retrieval of similar information, the hippocampus provides two essential computational processes. Pattern separation refers to the differentiation of overlapping memory representations, whereas pattern completion reactivates memories based on noisy or degraded input. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2019 Jan 25;13(1):22. Epub 2019 Jan 25.

2nd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria.

Introduction: Simultaneous occurrence of transient global amnesia and Takotsubo syndrome has been only rarely reported. Here we report another patient with a transient global amnesia and concomitant Takotsubo syndrome.

Case Presentation: Our patient is a 64-year-old white man with a previous history of myocarditis from borreliosis who developed sudden-onset confusional state with perseverations and repetition of the same questions during a funeral for his brother-in-law. Read More

Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2018 11 17;86(11):690-698. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Medizinische Fakultät, Düsseldorf.

Due to the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the guideline-based treatment of therapy-resistant depressive episodes and the clinical significance of cognitive impairments, it is necessary to optimize the management of potential side effects. As cognitive side effects of the treatment combined with impairments resulting from the depression may lead to a reduction in the ability to function in social contexts and reduce subjective wellbeing, comprehensive information about and monitoring of potential side effects is essential. In this review we present the clinical relevance and measurement of cognitive side effects that may occur during electroconvulsive therapy. Read More

Neurology 2019 Jan 14;92(3):e234-e243. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

From the Department of Neurology (F.S., C.T., M.D., A.Z.), German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (F.S., S.I., C.P., S.B., C.T., E.S., G.K., P.B., M.D., T.B., A.Z.), Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience (S.I., M.D., T.B.), Department of Nuclear Medicine (P.B.), and Clinical Neurosciences (T.B.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich; and Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (P.B., M.D.), SyNergy, Munich, Germany.

Objective: To investigate long-term recovery of allocentric and egocentric spatial orientation as a sensitive marker for hippocampal and extrahippocampal network function in transient global amnesia (TGA).

Methods: A group of 18 patients with TGA performed an established real-space navigation paradigm, requiring allo- and egocentric spatial orientation abilities, 3 days (postacute stage) and 3 months (follow-up) after symptom onset. Visual exploration behavior and navigation strategy were documented by a gaze-controlled, head-fixed camera. Read More

Eur Neurol 2018 12;80(3-4):179-186. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Department of Neurology, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany,

Background: The approach to unconscious patients in the emergency department (ED) is difficult, often depends on local resources and interests, and workup strategies often lack standardization. One reason for this is that data on causes, management, and outcome of patients who present to the ED with sudden onset unconsciousness of unknown cause is limited.

Objectives: This study was performed to analyze the causes of acute impaired consciousness in patients in an interdisciplinary ED. Read More

Epileptic Disord 2018 Dec;20(6):557-561

IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

We describe a 68-year-old woman who had typical absence seizures since 14 years of age. The absences were refractory to treatment and persisted into adulthood, with no seizure-free periods until seizure control at 59 years of age. After six years of being seizure-free, she presented with an episode characterized by mental confusion, abnormal behaviour, and amnesia, lasting for several hours. Read More

J Neurol Sci 2019 01 9;396:213-215. Epub 2018 Nov 9.

Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States. Electronic address:

Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med 2018 Nov 28;2(4):334-337. Epub 2018 Sep 28.

Inspira Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Vineland, New Jersey.

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is typified by an abrupt and transient anterograde amnesia, "with repetitive questioning and often variable retrograde amnesia persisting up to 24 hours." A 54-year-old male presented to our emergency department with paroxysms of left-sided flank pain, suggestive of renal colic. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen/pelvis revealed a three-millimeter left ureterovesicular-junction calculus. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Oct;97(41):e12723

IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo," Messina, Italy.

Introduction: Transient global amnesia (TGA) is characterized by a sudden onset of anterograde and retrograde amnesia, sometimes associated with mild subclinical neuropsychological deficits and vegetative symptoms, lasting for days after the episode. Migraine history, cardiovascular risk factors, and emotional stress are considered possible risk factors. TGA usually occurs during the seventh decade of life, that is, when risk factors and concomitant pathologies have a higher incidence. Read More

J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019 11;31(1):43-48. Epub 2018 Oct 11.

From the School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, Calif. (MY, D. Shavlik, MG); the Department of Neurology, Loma Linda University (AZS, EL, D. Sherzai); and the Department of Internal Medicine, Loma Linda University (CA).

The purpose of this article was to explore sex- and race-specific variables and comorbidities associated with transient global amnesia (TGA) using a nationally representative database. Data were obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample using ICD-9 and procedure codes. Descriptive and survey logistic regression analyses were conducted and adjusted for influence of comorbidities, demographic characteristics, and hospitalization-related factors. Read More

Epilepsy Behav 2018 11 5;88:205-211. Epub 2018 Oct 5.

Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy. Electronic address:

Objective: Transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) is an underestimated condition in emergency clinical setting, where most of transient amnesic episodes tend to be classified as transient global amnesia (TGA). We designed this study to evaluate the actual frequency of TEA in a real-life scenario and to highlight the features that can help clinicians distinguishing it from TGA.

Methods: We retrospectively collected clinical data of 83 patients who accessed our emergency ward for an abrupt onset of amnesic disorder, initially interpreted as TGA. Read More

Neurohospitalist 2018 Oct 12;8(4):200. Epub 2018 Feb 12.

Department of Neurology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA.

Eur Neurol 2018 11;80(1-2):42-49. Epub 2018 Sep 11.

Department of Neurology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of

Background: Transient global amnesia (TGA) is an interesting clinical syndrome characterized by sudden memory loss for recent events and an inability to retain new memories usually lasting several hours and recovering spontaneously. We conducted a literature search of medical procedure-related TGA and its predisposing conditions.

Methods: We performed PubMed searches using the keyword "transient global amnesia" combined with "procedure," "test," "therapy," or various other individual medical procedures. Read More

Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019 Jan 25;99:72-79. Epub 2018 Aug 25.

Department of Neurology, UniversitätsMedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. Electronic address:

Introduction: Stress-related transient inhibition of memory formation in the hippocampus has been hypothesized as one of the underlying pathomechanisms of transient global amnesia (TGA). TGA episodes, during which patients cannot encode and recall new information (anterograde amnesia affecting episodic long-term memory), are frequently preceded by a psychologically or physically stressful event.

Methods: We measured salivary cortisol during acute TGA in 14 patients, as well as cortisol day-profiles and the effect of experimental exposure to stress (using the socially evaluated cold pressor test) on cortisol levels during the subacute phase. Read More

Clin Auton Res 2018 Dec 27;28(6):599-600. Epub 2018 Aug 27.

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

Singapore Med J 2018 07;59(7):351-355

Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.

A 60-year-old woman was travelling on a plane with her spouse when she suddenly developed acute-onset disorientation to time and space. According to her husband, she repetitively questioned her whereabouts and complained of a minor headache. Upon landing, she was immediately brought to the emergency room and subsequent magnetic resonance imaging was performed, which showed multiple punctate 2-3 mm regions of diffusion-weighted imaging hyperintensity in the medial aspects of both temporal lobes. Read More

Cell Tissue Bank 2018 Dec 11;19(4):831-832. Epub 2018 Aug 11.

Department of Hematology, Dıskapı Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt E.A.H. Şehit Ömer Halisdemir Cad. Dışkapı, Ankara, Turkey.

Various side effects associated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) which is used for cryopreservation of bone marrow or peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) have been reported. Among the central nervous system side effects the epileptic seizures, stroke, transient and temporary leucoencephalopathy, and global amnesia are well known. Herein we report a 52-year-old man who experienced tonic-clonic seizure within minutes after the initiation of DMSO cryopreserved autologous PBPC infusion. Read More

Neurocrit Care 2019 Feb;30(1):171-176

Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.

Background: Case series have reported reversible left ventricular dysfunction, also known as stress cardiomyopathy or Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM), in the setting of acute neurological diseases such as subarachnoid hemorrhage. The relative associations between various neurological diseases and Takotsubo remain incompletely understood.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of all adults in the National Inpatient Sample, a nationally representative sample of US hospitalizations, from 2006 to 2014. Read More

Clin Auton Res 2018 Dec 9;28(6):597-598. Epub 2018 Aug 9.

Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hamot, Erie, PA, 16550, USA.

J Saudi Heart Assoc 2018 Oct 12;30(4):297-300. Epub 2018 Jun 12.

Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (Elmhurst), New York, USAaUSA.

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical diagnosis and is often a diagnosis of exclusion. However, despite the benign nature of this condition, it has been associated with underlying life-threatening medical conditions (e.g. Read More

Oxf Med Case Reports 2018 Jun 25;2018(6):omy025. Epub 2018 Jun 25.

Centre for Performance Excellence, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore, Singapore.

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a syndrome characterized by reversible impairment of short-term memory. TGA itself is a benign disease, however, it is reasonable to investigate and exclude sinister causes of global amnesia; such as stroke or a seizure activity. A case of TGA is presented here with special emphasis on the typical TGA lesion that was detected on the patient's magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of Brain. Read More

Nurse Pract 2018 Jul;43(7):17-21

Beth Anne Ammerman is a clinical instructor at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich., and a family NP in Linden, Mich.

Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol 2018 Jun;29(2):144-154

Klinik für Innere Medizin - Kardiologie, Diabetologie & Nephrologie, Evangelisches Klinikum Bethel, Burgsteig 13, 33617, Bielefeld, Deutschland.

Transient loss of consciousness represents one of the most frequent reasons for patients to present in the emergency room. Already at the very beginning, the diagnostic work-up is faced with fundamental questions: (1) Was it really a loss of consciousness? (2) Which department (neurology, cardiology, or others) should check the patient? (3) Is an in-hospital diagnostic work-up required? These questions can be answered from a meticulous patient history which needs to be adjusted to the individual case but also has to systematically go through a list of questions. Patient history has to clarify whether syncope was present. Read More

Clin EEG Neurosci 2019 May 7;50(3):188-195. Epub 2018 Jun 7.

2 Sleep Disorders Unit, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by retrograde and anterograde amnesia without other neurological deficits. Although electroencephalography (EEG) methods are commonly used in both clinical and research setting with TGA patients, few studies have investigated neurophysiological pattern in TGA using quantitative EEG (qEEG). The main aim of the present study was to extend these previous findings by exploring EEG power spectra differences between patients with acute TGA and healthy controls using the exact low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography software (eLORETA). Read More

Neurol Sci 2018 Sep 2;39(9):1647-1649. Epub 2018 Jun 2.

Departmenf of Neurology, Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo, 48960, Galdakao, Vizcaya, Spain.

The presence of small hippocampal hyperintense lesions on diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI can respond to different etiologies and represents a challenge where clinical judgment is imperative, since therapeutic approach may be quite different.We here report three patients with similar neuroradiological findings, i.e. Read More

Neurology 2018 May;90(21):e1933-e1934

From the Department of Neurology (M.B., C.E., F.F.) and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology (C.E.), Medical University of Graz, Austria.

Neurol Neurochir Pol 2018 May - Jun;52(3):394-396. Epub 2018 Jan 6.

Rudolfstiftung, Juchgasse 25, A-1030 Wien, Austria. Electronic address:

Background: Embolic stroke is a complication of Tako-Tsubo-cardiomyopathy (TTC), transient left ventricular dysfunction mimicking myocardial infarction without coronary culprit lesion explaining the whole left ventricular dysfunction. Transient global amnesia (TGA) is characterized by sudden onset of anterograde amnesia without compromise of other neurologic functions.

Case Report: A 57 years old female was admitted because of sudden confusion and loss of her memory after emotional stress. Read More

Intern Med 2018 Sep 27;57(18):2631-2639. Epub 2018 Apr 27.

Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan.

Objective An abnormal high intensity area (HIA) on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) indicates the presence of cytotoxic edema and has been reported to be observed in the hippocampus of patients with transient global amnesia (TGA). The appearance of an HIA on DWI is usually delayed after the onset of patients with amnesia in TGA; thus, the significance of the HIA was evaluated in patients with TGA. Methods Three adult TGA patients who had a unilateral HIA on DWI (right, n=2; left, n=1) were enrolled. Read More

Indian J Radiol Imaging 2018 Jan-Mar;28(1):6-9

Stroke Service, Calvary Public Hospital, Bruce, Australia.

Introduction: Aim of this study is to identify and describe the MRI findings in patients with Transient Global Amnesia (TGA), specifically on Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) sequence.

Methods: MRI findings in 12 patients with clinical diagnosis of TGA were retrospectively analysed. MRI brain was performed with a 3T scanner on 11 patients and 1. Read More

BMC Neurol 2018 Apr 6;18(1):36. Epub 2018 Apr 6.

Department of Neurosurgery, Suiseikai Kajikawa Hospital, 1-1-23, Higashisendamachi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, 730-0053, Hiroshima, Japan.

Background: Transient global amnesia is reported to be caused by cerebral venous congestion. Internal jugular venous flow reversal in particular with the Valsalva maneuver leads to cerebral venous congestion. In addition, Valsalva maneuver can also induce subarachnoid hemorrhage. Read More

J Neurosci Rural Pract 2018 Jan-Mar;9(1):166-167

Department of Neurology, Yozgat City Hospital, Yozgat, Turkey.

Cleve Clin J Med 2018 Feb;85(2):155-163

Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Clinicians are often confronted with patients who have transient neurologic symptoms lasting seconds to hours. In many of these patients, their symptoms have gone away or returned to baseline by the time of evaluation, making the diagnosis even more challenging. Elements such as correlation of symptoms with vascular territory, prodromes, triggers, motor symptoms, confusion, and sleep behavior can guide the diagnostic workup. Read More

Brain Behav 2017 12 19;7(12):e00872. Epub 2017 Nov 19.

Department of Neurology Haeundae Paik Hospital Inje University College of Medicine Busan Korea.

Objective: This study evaluated alterations in cortical morphology in patients with transient global amnesia (TGA).

Materials And Methods: Diagnoses of TGA occurred at our hospital. Evaluation involved a structured interview to obtain clinical information and a brain magnetic resonance imaging scan. Read More

Praxis (Bern 1994) 2017 11;106(24):1315-1322

3 Neurologie, Kantonsspital Graubünden.

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a neurological condition which is still a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. Diagnostic clues are an acute onset of a disturbance of memory, a lack of other focal neurological deficits, and repetitive questioning of the patients about time and circumstances. Although the signs and symptoms are quite typical, making the diagnosis of TGA might still be challenging, depending on the patient’s characteristics. Read More

Dement Neurocogn Disord 2017 Dec 31;16(4):132-133. Epub 2017 Dec 31.

Department of Neurology, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.

Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017 24;13:2691-2703. Epub 2017 Oct 24.

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the sudden onset of an extraordinarily large reduction of anterograde and a somewhat milder reduction of retrograde episodic long-term memory. Additionally, executive functions are described as diminished. Although it is suggested that various factors, such as migraine, focal ischemia, venous flow abnormalities, and epileptic phenomena, are involved in the pathophysiology and differential diagnosis of TGA, the factors triggering the emergence of these lesions are still elusive. Read More

J Clin Neurol 2017 Oct;13(4):424-425

Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Brain Topogr 2018 05 16;31(3):468-476. Epub 2017 Oct 16.

Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 178 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, South Korea.

Perturbation of corticohippocampal circuits is a key step in the pathogenesis of transient global amnesia. We evaluated the spatial distribution of altered cerebral metabolism to determine the location of the corticohippocampal circuits perturbed during the acute stage of transient global amnesia. A consecutive series of 12 patients with transient global amnesia who underwent F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography within 3 days after symptom onset was identified. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2017 Oct 13;2017. Epub 2017 Oct 13.

Spitalzentrum Biel AG, Biel, Switzerland.

Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC), which consists of a short exposure to very cold and dry air in special 'cryo-chambers', is believed to reduce inflammation and musculoskeletal pain as well as improve athletes' recovery. This is the case of a 63-year-old male, who presented with transient global amnesia (TGA) after undertaking a WBC session. TGA is a clinical syndrome characterised by a sudden onset of anterograde amnesia, sometimes coupled with a retrograde component, lasting up to 24 hours without other neurological deficits. Read More

QJM 2017 Aug 28. Epub 2017 Aug 28.

Department of Radiology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland.

Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2017 10 2;137(18). Epub 2017 Oct 2.