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Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020 Jun 27;24(2):127-137. Epub 2020 Apr 27.

Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei, China, and has spread to more than 200 other countries around the world. COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease with continuous human-to-human transmission. The origin of the virus is unknown. Read More

Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2020 May 20;21(4):301-308. Epub 2020 Apr 20.

Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-associated viral infection (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) is a virulent, contagious viral pandemic that is affecting populations worldwide. As with any airborne viral respiratory infection, surgical and non-surgical patients may be affected. Review and synthesis of pertinent English-language literature pertaining to COVID-19 infection among adult patients. Read More

Anesth Analg 2020 Apr 13. Epub 2020 Apr 13.

. Department of Anesthesia, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged medical systems and clinicians globally to unforeseen levels. COVID-19's rapid spread has forced clinicians to care for patients with a highly contagious disease without evidence-based guidelines. Using a virtual modified nominal group technique, the Pediatric Difficult Intubation Collaborative (PeDI-C), which currently includes 35 hospitals from six countries, generated consensus guidelines on airway management in pediatric anesthesia based on expert opinion and early data about the disease. Read More

J Am Coll Cardiol 2020 05 19;75(18):2372-2375. Epub 2020 Mar 19.

American College of Cardiology Interventional Cardiology Sectional Leadership Council, Washington, DC; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/ajaykirtane.

Br J Anaesth 2020 Feb 22. Epub 2020 Feb 22.

Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Background: Emergence coughing can harm the patient following completion of surgery, but it is unclear which medication is most effective at reducing this event. We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of RCTs to determine the medications' relative efficacies on decreasing moderate to severe emergence coughing after general anaesthesia. Medications studied were lidocaine (i. Read More

Am Surg 2020 Jan;86(1):e22-e25

Ann Intensive Care 2020 Jan 3;10(1). Epub 2020 Jan 3.

Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 44093, Nantes Cedex 9, France.

Background: Intubation is a lifesaving procedure that is often performed in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, but leads to serious adverse events in 20-40% of cases. Recent trials aimed to provide guidance about which medications, devices, and modalities maximize patient safety. Videolaryngoscopes are being offered in an increasing range of options and used in broadening indications (from difficult to unremarkable intubation). Read More

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019 Sep;44(18):3869-3875

Guang'anmen Hospital,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100053,China.

Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction recorded in Treatise on Febrile Diseases by Zhang Zhongjing in the Han Dynasty have been widely used in treating Yang deficiency and exogenous wind-cold syndrome by traditional Chinese medicine physicians for thousands of years. The indications of Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction include bradyarrhythmia,sinus bradycardia,sick sinus node syndrome,senile exogenous,asthmatic cold,rhinitis,bronchial asthma,optic neuritis,optic atrophy,sudden blindness,sudden onset of cough,laryngeal obstruction,migraine,joint pain,low back pain,insomnia,shock,heart failure,renal failure,accompanied by fever or nosocomial infection,and hyperpyrexia after tracheotomy; dark complexion,chills,cold limbs,listlessness,fatigue,insomnia,lack of thirst,liking hot drinks,slightly swollen limbs or whole body,pale fat tongue,greasy fur,and deep pulse. Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction is a potential drug for Shaoyin disease complicated with fever and pain. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Dec;98(51):e18454

Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are major health issues affecting mothers and infants. General anesthesia is inevitable for certain mothers with these conditions and they may exhibit pronounced hemodynamic instability, especially during induction and airway manipulation. The aims of this study are to combine direct and indirect comparisons of the efficacies of different medications used in attenuating reflex hemodynamic responses and generate intervention ranking by network meta-analysis (NMA). Read More

Intern Emerg Med 2020 01 26;15(1):127-134. Epub 2019 Oct 26.

Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.

Neuromuscular blocking agents play a significant role in improving the success rate for urgent intubation, although there is limited evidence about the effect on subsequent outcomes, such as the incidence of tracheostomy. In this retrospective cohort study, we aimed to examine the association between avoidance of neuromuscular blocking agents for urgent tracheal intubation and incidence of tracheostomy among patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). The setting of this study was an eight-bed ICU at a tertiary-care hospital in Okayama, Japan. Read More

Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2019 Oct 22;54(10):604-615. Epub 2019 Oct 22.

The rapid sequence induction (RSI) is a not evidence-based technique designed to minimize the chance of pulmonary aspiration in high-risk patients requiring general anesthesia. Primary aim of this anesthetic technique is, therefore, a fast airway protection with an endotracheal tube to reduce the chance of passive or active regurgitation. This article discusses the anesthetic management of patients with an increased risk of aspiration, and, particularly, refers to the medications required for RSI. Read More

Acad Emerg Med 2020 May 7;27(5):394-402. Epub 2019 Nov 7.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

Objectives: With respect to first-attempt intubation success, the pediatric literature demonstrates either clinical equipoise or superiority of direct laryngoscopy (DL) when compared to video laryngoscopy (VL). Furthermore, it is unknown how VL compares to DL, when DL is "augmented" by maneuvers, such as optimal external laryngeal manipulation (OELM), upright or ramped positioning, or the use of the bougie. The objective of our study was to compare first-attempt success between VL and all DL, including "augmented DL" for pediatric intubations. Read More

Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2020 May 28;105(3):322-326. Epub 2019 Aug 28.

Department of Biostatistics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.

Background: Infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) often experience hypoxaemia with acidosis immediately after birth. The traditional approach in the delivery room is immediate cord clamping followed by intubation. Initiating resuscitation prior to umbilical cord clamping (UCC) may support this transition. Read More

J Dermatol 2019 Nov 19;46(11):e443-e444. Epub 2019 Jul 19.

Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan.

J Int Med Res 2019 Jul 12;47(7):3203-3211. Epub 2019 Jun 12.

Gynecological Ward, Guangxi Guigang City People's Hospital, Guigang City, China.

Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2019 08 15;57:101807. Epub 2019 May 15.

CHRU de Tours, Médecine Intensive Réanimation, INSERM CIC 1415, CRICS-Triggersep, Tours, France; Université de Tours, INSERM, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, Tours, France. Electronic address:

Background: Nebulization during mechanical ventilation is impeded by large extra-pulmonary drug deposition and long administration durations which currently limit implementation of inhaled antibiotic therapy. Direct intra-tracheal delivery using a sprayer represents an appealing alternative investigated in small animal models, but large animal data are lacking.

Methods: Amikacin was administered through intravenous infusion (20 mg/kg), nebulization (60 mg/kg) and direct intra-tracheal spray (30 mg/kg) to 10 intubated piglets, in a randomized cross-over design. Read More

Cardiovasc Toxicol 2019 10;19(5):432-440

CEU San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain.

Unintentional administration of bupivacaine may be associated with electrocardiogram changes that promote the development cardiac arrhythmias. Ventricular repolarization markers (corrected QT, QT dispersion, Tpeak-Tend and Tpeak-Tend dispersion) are useful to predict cardiac arrhythmias. We aim to investigate the effects of bupivacaine on the transmural dispersion of repolarization and their reversion following intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) administration. Read More

J Anesth 2019 06 21;33(3):454-462. Epub 2019 Mar 21.

Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2120 L St., Washington, DC, 20037, USA.

Emergent endotracheal intubation (ETI)-related cardiac arrest (CA) is a life-threatening complication that is poorly documented. Definitions and risk factors for CA during or directly after emergent ETI have not been clearly established and may represent modifiable means of improving patient outcomes. We conducted a review of the literature to assess the incidence and risk factors associated with ETI-related CA in the Emergency Department (ED) as well as in the inpatient setting outside of the operating room. Read More

BMC Anesthesiol 2019 03 20;19(1):41. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

Aksum University, PO box 298, Aksum City, Tigray, Ethiopia.

Background: Laryngeal mask airway is a supraglottic airway device which has led to a fundamental change in the management of modern general anesthesia. In the present study; we evaluated the laryngeal mask airway insertion conditions and hemodynamic changes comparing ketamine-propofol mixture (ketofol) with propofol. The study was to compare the ketamine-propofol mixture (ketofol) with propofolon the ease of laryngeal mask airway insertion conditions and hemodynamic effects for induction of general anesthesia. Read More

Ann Emerg Med 2019 09 14;74(3):410-415. Epub 2019 Mar 14.

Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ.

Study Objective: Preoxygenation is important to prevent oxygen desaturation during emergency airway management. The purpose of this study is to describe the use of end tidal oxygen (eto) during rapid sequence intubation in the emergency department.

Methods: This study was carried out in 2 academic centers in Sydney, Australia, and New York City. Read More

Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2019 Sep 22;104(5):F461-F466. Epub 2019 Feb 22.

Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Objective: To determine the incidence, indicators and clinical impact of difficult tracheal intubations in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Design: Retrospective review of prospectively collected data on intubations performed in the NICU from the National Emergency Airway Registry for Neonates.

Setting: Ten academic NICUs. Read More

Pharmazie 2019 01;74(1):34-38

Decontamination of patients' clinical devices in intensive care units is generally performed with an antifungal suspension. Nystatin is a widely-used high spectrum antifungal due to its low systemic absorption. However, nystatin has high hydrophobicity which hinders the contact with the internal lumen of the devices. Read More

Syst Rev 2019 01 24;8(1):32. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Background: Emergence coughing and bucking, secondary to endotracheal tube stimulation of the tracheal mucosa, frequently occurs after the general anesthetic recedes. Besides general unpleasantness, coughing has important physiological sequelae that may be detrimental to the postoperative patient. Multiple pharmacological strategies have been published, but prior systematic reviews on this topic have neither been comprehensive enough in their literature or medication search, nor provided us the answer regarding what the best pharmacological method is to prevent or minimize peri-extubation coughing. Read More

Neonatal Netw 2018 Jul 1;37(4):238-247. Epub 2018 Jul 1.

Endotracheal intubation, a common procedure in neonatal intensive care, results in distress and disturbs physiologic homeostasis in the newborn. Analgesics, sedatives, vagolytics, and/or muscle relaxants have the potential to blunt these adverse effects, reduce the duration of the procedure, and minimize the number of attempts necessary to intubate the neonate. The medical care team must understand efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic data for individual medications to select the optimal cocktail for each clinical situation. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Nov 28;11(1). Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Kettering Hospital, Kettering, UK.

This is the first case in the English language describing in a patient with idiopathic bronchiectasis. A 66-year-old man with bronchiectasis presented with shortness of breath to the emergency department of our institution, a district hospital in the UK. His medications included long-term supplemental oxygen therapy and prophylactic azithromycin. Read More

Clin Ther 2019 01 13;41(1):68-77. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Anesthesiology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated with Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Purpose: A prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of preoperative pregabalin on cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.

Methods: Patients aged 18-60 years with an American Society of Anesthesiologists scale score of I or II were recruited and randomly allocated to receive placebo (control), low-dose (150-mg) pregabalin, or high-dose (300-mg) pregabalin. The medications were orally administered 1 hour before general anesthesia. Read More

J Clin Anesth 2019 May 2;54:25-32. Epub 2018 Nov 2.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Obamar Municipal Hospital, 2-2 Otemachi, Obama, Fukui 917-8567, Japan.

Study Objective: Postoperative sore throat negatively affects patient satisfaction and recovery. It may be related to inflammation of the mucosa caused by injury during intubation. Licorice, derived from the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, contains active anti-inflammatory ingredients. Read More

Am J Crit Care 2018 11;27(6):486-494

Dianne F. McKinley is a clinical nurse, Intensive Care Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Sharon B. Kinney is a nurse consultant, Department of Nursing Research, Royal Children's Hospital; and a senior lecturer, Departments of Nursing and Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria. Beverley Copnell is an associate professor, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Victoria. Frank Shann is a medical doctor, Intensive Care Unit, Royal Children's Hospital.

Background: Saline instillation is still used to assist in removal of secretions from endotracheal tubes in some pediatric intensive care units.

Objective: To compare the effect of using either no saline, quarter-normal (0.225%) saline, or normal (0. Read More

Anesth Analg 2019 07;129(1):220-225

From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal.

Background: Postoperative sore throat (POST), hoarseness, and cough after tracheal intubation are not uncommon. Although both lidocaine and dexamethasone have been used independently to reduce these events, there is no study assessing the combined effects of lidocaine and dexamethasone.

Methods: This prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled study enrolled 180 patients requiring general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation for >90 minutes. Read More

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2019 03 14;63(3):282-291. Epub 2018 Oct 14.

Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.

Background: Postoperative sore throat negatively affects patient recovery and satisfaction levels. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of aerosolized corticosteroids in the prevention of postoperative sore throat in adults undergoing tracheal intubation for surgery.

Methods: We searched Medline, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for eligible studies from inception to 13 May 2018. Read More

J Paediatr Child Health 2019 Feb 24;55(2):213-215. Epub 2018 Aug 24.

Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan.

Aim: To demonstrate that unrecognised situation awareness failures events (UNSAFE) transfers are associated with poorer outcomes in the intensive care unit (ICU) at a Japanese children's hospital lacking a rapid response system.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2013 and February 2016. UNSAFE transfers were defined as unplanned in-hospital ward-to-ICU transfers requiring tracheal intubation, vasoactive medications or ≥3 fluid boluses before arrival or in the first 60 min of ICU care. Read More

Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi 2018 Jul;34(7):445-449

Department of Burns, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.

Early airway management and respiratory support are essential for severe inhalation injury. Intratracheal delivery of drugs is better than other methods of administration, because of its higher local drug concentration, faster and more precise effect, and less systemic adverse reactions. It attracts more and more attention at present. Read More

Adv Emerg Nurs J 2018 Jul/Sep;40(3):183-193

Vanderbilt LifeFlight, Vanderbilt School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.

Within emergency care settings, rapid sequence intubation (RSI) is frequently used to secure a definitive airway (i.e., endotracheal tube) to provide optimal oxygenation and ventilation in critically ill patients of all ages. Read More

J Anesth 2018 10 19;32(5):673-680. Epub 2018 Jul 19.

Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, J.E. Purkinje University, Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic.

Background: Hypotension after induction of general anesthesia (GAIH) is common in anesthesiology practice and can impact outcomes.

Methods: In this prospective multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study, the hypotension was defined as a decrease in mean arterial pressure of > 30% compared to the first measurement in the operation theatre before general anesthesia (GA) induction. Blood pressure was measured immediately at the time of endotracheal intubation (T), at five (T) and 10 (T) minutes after. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2018 ;1809:415-429

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.

Pulmonary delivery in animal models can be performed using either direct administration methods or by passive inhalation. Direct pulmonary delivery requires the animal to be endotracheally intubated, whereas passive delivery uses a nose-only or a whole-body chamber. Endotracheal delivery of therapeutics and vaccines allows investigators to deliver the payload directly into the lung without the limitations associated with passive pulmonary administration methods. Read More

Hosp Pediatr 2018 06;8(6):361-367

Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Utah and Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah; and.

Objectives: To describe asthma management, investigate practice variation, and describe asthma-associated charges and resource use during asthma management in the PICU.

Methods: Children ages 2 to 18 years treated for status asthmaticus in the PICU from 2008 to 2011 are included in this study. This is a retrospective, single-center, cohort study. Read More

Aust Crit Care 2019 01 8;32(1):13-19. Epub 2018 May 8.

Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Queensland, Australia; Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland, Australia. Electronic address:

Background: The complex nature of the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) patient requires the bedside nurse to make rapid, complex decisions regarding endotracheal suction (ETS) interventions. It is not understood what influences nurses' decision making in the context of ETS, however, the actions of the clinician have a direct impact on the efficacy of the ETS event and patient outcomes.

Objectives: To explore and describe the use of normal saline instillation and lung recruitment with paediatric ETS in a cohort of Australian nurses, and to identify factors that influence normal saline use with ETS. Read More

Can J Anaesth 2018 06 7;65(6):698-708. Epub 2018 May 7.

Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

The International Standards for a Safe Practice of Anesthesia were developed on behalf of the World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists (WFSA), a non-profit organization representing anesthesiologists in 150 countries, and the World Health Organization (WHO). The recommendations have been approved by WHO and the membership of WFSA. These Standards are applicable to all anesthesia providers throughout the world. Read More

Anaesthesia 2018 Jul 3;73(7):856-862. Epub 2018 May 3.

Welsh Centre for Burns, ABM University Health Board, Swansea, UK.

The i-gel is a supraglottic airway with a gel-like thermoplastic cuff. It has been suggested that the seal around the larynx improves following insertion. Perhaps the most intuitive hypothesis proposed for this is that cuff softening occurs during warming from ambient to body temperature. Read More

Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2018 06 18;50:93-99. Epub 2018 Apr 18.

Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Background: Preservative-free tobramycin is commonly used as aerosolized therapy for ventilator associated pneumonia. The comparative delivery profile of the formulations of two different concentrations (100 mg/ml and 40 mg/ml) is unknown. This study aims to evaluate the aerosol characteristics of these tobramycin formulations in a simulated adult mechanical ventilation model. Read More

PLoS One 2018 28;13(3):e0195071. Epub 2018 Mar 28.

Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taitung branch, Taiwan.

Introduction: Paraquat poisoning can result in dysfunction of multiple organs, and pulmonary fibrosis with respiratory failure is the major cause of mortality. For terminally ill patients, some life-prolonging treatments can be non-beneficial treatments (NBT). The objective of this study was to determine if intubation is a NBT for patients with respiratory failure due to paraquat poisoning. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018 Apr 31;107:45-52. Epub 2018 Jan 31.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address:

Objective: Intubation has been associated with laryngeal injury that often resolves spontaneously without complication. We present a case of a child intubated for less than 48 hours, who presented with dysphonia and intermittent dyspnea two months after intubation due to epiglottic and vocal process granulomas. This is unusual in that multiple granulomas were found in the posterior glottis and supraglottis after short-term intubation. Read More

Prehosp Emerg Care 2018 Sep-Oct;22(5):602-607. Epub 2018 Feb 21.

Introduction: Airway management is a critical skill for air medical providers, including the use of rapid sequence intubation (RSI) medications. Mediocre success rates and a high incidence of complications has challenged air medical providers to improve training and performance improvement efforts to improve clinical performance.

Objectives: The aim of this research was to describe the experience with a novel, integrated advanced airway management program across a large air medical company and explore the impact of the program on improvement in RSI success. Read More

Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2019 02 13;38(1):57-61. Epub 2018 Feb 13.

Department of Anaesthesiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China. Electronic address:

Objective: The supraglottic airway device (SAD) can be used for airway management of spontaneous breathing patients, and propofol is commonly applied for the SAD placement. This study was designed to assess the effect of gender on median target effect-site concentration (Ce) of propofol for I-gel placement when combined with dexmedetomidine.

Material And Method: 19 males and 18 females, aged 18 to 59 and undergoing elective surgery, were enrolled. Read More

J Crit Care 2018 06 23;45:65-70. Epub 2018 Mar 23.

University of Rochester Medical Center-coordinating site., 601 Elmwood Ave. Box 638, Rochester, NY 14642, United States. Electronic address:

Purpose: Characterize medication practices during and immediately after rapid sequence intubation (RSI) by provider/location and evaluate adverse drug events.

Materials And Methods: This was a multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study of adult and pediatric intensive care unit and emergency department patients over a 24-h period surrounding first intubation.

Results: A total of 404 patients from 34 geographically diverse institutions were included (mean age 58 ± 22 years, males 59%, pediatric 8%). Read More

Adv Emerg Nurs J 2017 Oct/Dec;39(4):266-279

Vanderbilt University School of Nursing and Vanderbilt University Medical Center-LifeFlight, Nashville, Tennessee (Dr Gooch); TeamHealth at Maury Regional Medical Center, Columbia, Tennessee (Dr Gooch); Middle Tennessee School of Anesthesia, Madison, Tennessee (Dr Gooch); and Loyola University Chicago Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing, Chicago, Illinois (Dr Roberts).

Rapid sequence intubation (RSI) is an advanced procedure performed by nurse practitioners in the emergency department (ED). Hypoxia is one of the most common complications associated with RSI, which may lead to serious sequela, including death. Hypoxia may result from medications that are given to facilitate the procedure or the underlying disease process. Read More

J Anesth 2017 Dec 25;31(6):878-884. Epub 2017 Oct 25.

Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-7 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.

Purpose: Hypotension and decreased cardiac output (CO) are common adverse effects during anesthesia induction depending on the patient's pre-anesthetic cardiac condition. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 to prevent hypotension and decreased CO during the induction of general anesthesia. Read More

J Antimicrob Chemother 2018 Jan;73(1):143-150

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.

Background: Endotracheal tubes provide an abiotic surface on which bacteria and fungi form biofilms, and the release of endotoxins and planktonic organisms can cause damaging inflammation and infections.

Objectives: Ceragenins are small molecule mimics of antimicrobial peptides with broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activity, and a ceragenin may be used to provide antimicrobial protection to the abiotic surface of an endotracheal tube.

Methods: A hydrogel film, containing CSA-131, was generated on endotracheal tubes. Read More