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Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2020 Jul 12:218492320943342. Epub 2020 Jul 12.

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.

Background: Pulmonary artery sling is commonly associated with tracheal stenosis and intracardiac anomalies. While surgical repair is standardized, coexistent anomalies often determine outcomes. With the paucity of risk stratification, this study aimed to review our experience and stratify risk factors for the surgical outcome of complex pulmonary artery sling repair in the presence of airway or intracardiac lesions. Read More

Front Pediatr 2020 12;8:297. Epub 2020 Jun 12.

Tracheal Team, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

Tracheal pathology in children are primarily congenital. They can be considered primary or , when this is seen as an inherent defect within the cartilages of the tracheal segment. While segmental cartilage defects are very rare, there are often occasions when one or more cartilages can be considered missing from the length of trachea, contributing to airway abnormality. Read More

Am J Med Genet A 2020 Jul 9. Epub 2020 Jul 9.

Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Bangkok, Thailand.

LACHT syndrome, or Mardini-Nyhan association, is an ultra-rare disorder, diagnosed solely by the clinical characteristics of lung agenesis, complex cardiac defects, and thumb anomalies. Only 12 patients have been reported worldwide, and here, we report a new clinical diagnosis of LACHT syndrome. Our patient was a male full-term newborn with left lung agenesis, congenital heart defects including ventricular septal defect, right-sided aortic arch, with aberrant left subclavian artery and Kommerell diverticulum, as well as left preaxial polydactyly and hemivertebra. Read More

A A Pract 2020 Jun;14(8):e01269

From the Departments of *Anesthesiology and Critical Care †Trauma and Emergency (Anesthesiology), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.

Tracheal stenosis is an uncommon but severe problem after long-term intubation. Here, we report a patient who came from a containment zone of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and presented with complaints of breathlessness and cough. She was suspected to have an infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Read More

Lung India 2020 Jul-Aug;37(4):295-299

Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Background: Central airway obstruction (CAO) is a potentially lethal condition that requires urgent endobronchial intervention and may occur due to several nonmalignant causes. The effect of these interventions on clinically relevant outcomes such as symptomatic and functional status over a period of time is, however, sparsely studied.

Materials And Methods: Consecutive patients with CAO due to nonmalignant causes and undergoing various therapeutic bronchoscopy procedures were evaluated. Read More

J Thorac Dis 2020 Jun;12(6):3211-3216

Pulmonary Medicine Department, Loewenstein Lung Center, Loewenstein, Germany.

Airway stenting provides an important treatment option for patients with proximal tracheal stenosis. However, the risk of migration remains a major challenging problem. In our report we describe the internal fixation of SEMS in 3 patients with proximal tracheal stenosis due to variable causes. Read More

Emerg Radiol 2020 Jul 2. Epub 2020 Jul 2.

The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.

Utilizing complex lighting models, cinematic rendering is a novel technique for demonstrating computed tomography data with exquisite 3D anatomic detail. The tracheal lumen, tracheal wall, and adjacent soft tissue structures are represented with photorealistic detail exceeding that of conventional volume rendering or virtual bronchoscopy techniques. We applied cinematic rendering to a spectrum of emergent tracheal pathologies: traumatic tracheal tears, tracheoesophageal fistulas, tracheal foreign bodies, tracheal stenosis (intrinsic and extrinsic causes), tracheal neoplasms, and tracheomalacia. Read More

J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020 May 6. Epub 2020 May 6.

Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass. Electronic address:

Objective: Aortic uncrossing is an effective procedure for relieving the external airway compression from a circumflex aortic arch by transferring the aortic arch to the same side as the descending aorta. However, patients frequently have residual tracheobronchomalacia (TBM), which may result in persistent postoperative symptoms. We review a series of patients who underwent an aortic uncrossing and concomitant tracheobronchopexy to correct the airway compression and residual TBM. Read More

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020 Jun 23. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, BP 217, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 09, France.

Purpose: To describe the technique and outcomes of percutaneous tracheostomy under laryngosuspension.

Methods: A consecutive series of patients who underwent percutaneous tracheostomy under laryngosuspension were reviewed for outcomes. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia and laryngosuspension. Read More

Respir Med Case Rep 2020 12;30:101132. Epub 2020 Jun 12.

Department of Anatomic Pathology, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, 5-30 Kitatakamatsu-chou, Miyazaki-shi, Miyazaki, 880-8510, Japan.

Tracheal stenosis caused by malignancy is a life-threatening complication. Herein, we performed tumor ablation and airway stenting using a hybrid stent on a patient with upper tracheal stenosis caused by endobronchial metastasis of ovarian cancer. To date, only 9 cases of endobronchial metastasis of ovarian cancer have been reported. Read More

Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2020 (6):18-23

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.

Objective: To analyze contamination of surgical wound during tracheal resection depending on the mode of mechanical ventilation.

Material And Methods: There were 976 patients. Circular tracheal resection was made in 396 of these patients. Read More

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020 Jun 23:194599820933209. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Objectives: To investigate the existing published evidence supporting the role of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in the development of the select nonfunctional laryngeal diseases of laryngotracheal stenosis, granuloma, leukoplakia, and laryngeal infections.

Data Sources: PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus.

Review Methods: A systematic review was performed by 3 independent investigators for studies providing information about the prevalence and role of LPR in the development of laryngotracheal stenosis, granuloma, leukoplakia, and laryngeal infections. Read More

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020 Jun 23:194599820936615. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on otolaryngology practice is nowhere more evident than in acute airway management. Considerations of preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission, conserving personal protective equipment, and prioritizing care delivery based on acuity have dictated clinical decision making in the acute phase of the pandemic. With transition to a more chronic state of pandemic, heightened vigilance is necessary to recognize how deferral of care in patients with tenuous airways and COVID-19 infection may lead to acute airway compromise. Read More

Laryngoscope 2020 Jun 22. Epub 2020 Jun 22.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.

Objectives/hypothesis: The expiratory disproportion index (EDI) is the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second divided by peak expiratory flow rate multiplied by 100. An elevated EDI (>50) can help differentiate upper airway stenosis from other dyspnea etiologies, but this has not been verified when considering body habitus. We hypothesize that the predictive value of elevated EDI in diagnosing airway stenosis will be lower in obese patients as compared to nonobese patients. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020 May 27;136:110141. Epub 2020 May 27.

Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 757 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.

Background: In the last few decades, the increased survival of premature infants and critically ill children have led to the increased frequency and complexity of pediatric airway procedures. Minimizing readmission rates following these procedures is important to maximize health outcomes and cost effectiveness. This study examines the incidence, reasons, and risk factors for hospital readmissions following pediatric airway surgeries in a large, nationally representative sample. Read More

Laryngoscope 2020 Jun 16. Epub 2020 Jun 16.

Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.

Objective: Microlaryngeal surgery typically requires oxygenation and ventilation via either an endotracheal tube (ETT), jet ventilation (JV), or intermittent apnea with an ETT. Transnasal Humidified Rapid Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE) delivered by high flow nasal cannula has been reported as an alternative technique. This method of apneic oxygenation and ventilation allows for stable, unobstructed visualization of immobile laryngeal structures. Read More

Ann Palliat Med 2020 May 25. Epub 2020 May 25.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China.

Background: Tracheomalacia may be caused by long-standing compression of retrosternal goitre because of destruction of support of tracheal cartilages. Life-threatening airway collapses may occur after surgical removal of goitre. However, available literature on management methods of tracheomalacia is sparse. Read More

Laryngoscope 2020 Jun 10. Epub 2020 Jun 10.

Center of Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus.

Objectives/hypothesis: The ideal trachea replacement would be a living graft that is genetically identical to the host, avoiding the need for immunosuppression. We have developed a mouse model of syngeneic tracheal transplant that results in long-term survival without graft stenosis or delayed healing. To understand how host cells contribute to tracheal transplant integration, we quantified the populations of host cells in the graft and native trachea following implant. Read More

Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi 2020 Jun;23(6):460-465

Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.

Background: Airway stents are used to treat central airway stenosis or tracheal fistula caused by a variety of malignant and benign tracheal diseases as well as iatrogenic procedures. Airway stent placement has a satisfying effect in instantly relieving of symptoms, but the long-term survival of patients still depends on the individualized treatment of the primary diseases. Therefore, exploring the prognostic risk factors of patients who received airway stent placement can be beneficial to the optimization of the placement procedure and also the improvement of individualized clinical management of patients. Read More

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020 Jun 9:194599820931077. Epub 2020 Jun 9.

Otolaryngology Department of Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.

Tracheoesophageal puncture for voice prosthesis placement is often used in vocal rehabilitation of patients undergoing total laryngectomy. Although its closure can occur spontaneously, some patients require a surgical procedure. We propose a surgical technique, without flap interposition, that begins with careful separation of the esophagus and trachea and identification of the site of tracheoesophageal fistula. Read More

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020 Jun 6. Epub 2020 Jun 6.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.

Introduction: The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, may need intensive care unit (ICU) admission in up to 12% of all positive cases for massive interstitial pneumonia, with possible long-term endotracheal intubation for mechanical ventilation and subsequent tracheostomy. The most common airway-related complications of such ICU maneuvers are laryngotracheal granulomas, webs, stenosis, malacia and, less commonly, tracheal necrosis with tracheo-esophageal or tracheo-arterial fistulae.

Materials And Methods: This paper gathers the opinions of experts of the Laryngotracheal Stenosis Committee of the European Laryngological Society, with the aim of alerting the medical community about the possible rise in number of COVID-19-related laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS), and the aspiration of paving the way to a more rationale concentration of these cases within referral specialist airway centers. Read More

J Pediatr 2020 Jun 2. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI.

Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2020 (5):96-99

Tomsk Regional Clinical Hospital, Tomsk, Russia.

A rare clinical observation of primary tracheal MALT lymphoma is reported and difficulties of differential diagnosis are discussed. Tracheal neoplasms are rare tumors and characterized by delayed diagnosis after clinical manifestation (tracheal stenosis and associated complications). These tumors often occur an advanced age patients that complicates examination and surgical treatment. Read More

Pediatr Cardiol 2020 Jun 3. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.

We performed this meta-analysis to assess the safety and efficacy of tracheoplasty for patients with pulmonary artery sling (PAS) and tracheal stenosis. Published studies that included surgical treatment of PAS and tracheal stenosis with and without tracheoplasty were identified by searching the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases until May 2020. The outcomes assessed included postoperative ventilation time, early and late mortality, and follow-up respiratory symptoms. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2020 19;71:378-381. Epub 2020 Feb 19.

Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan.

Introduction: Postintubation tracheal stenosis involves granulation or cicatrization of the tracheal epithelium. It is progressive and can become life-threatening within a few months after extubation.

Presentation Of Case: We here report a case of tracheal stenosis with a delayed manifestation, presenting 35 years after endotracheal intubation for neonatal resuscitation. Read More

Respiration 2020 Jun 2:1-8. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,

Background: The predictors and airway morphological changes during the development of postintubation tracheal stenosis (PITS) have not been well elucidated.

Objectives: To elucidate the validation of endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB-OCT) in assessing the airway morphological changes in PITS.

Methods: We performed oral endotracheal intubation in 12 beagles to establish the PITS model. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 May;99(22):e20498

Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jianshe Rd, Zhengzhou, Henan Province.

To explore the outcome of placing a single Y-shaped tracheal self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) to treat emergent carinal stenosis combined with stenosis of the right main and intermediate bronchi.The clinical and imaging data of 10 patients (8 males, 2 females) with carinal stenosis combined with stenosis of the right main and intermediate bronchi were retrospectively analyzed. There were 4 patients with esophageal cancer and 6 patients with lung cancer. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 May;99(21):e20117

Emergency Department, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China.

Introduction: Central airway stenosis is a life-threating requiring immediate medical intervention. There are several options for treating central airway stenosis, including rigid bronchoscopy, bronchoscopic high-power laser therapy, high-frequency electric needle knife, and balloon-expanding stents. However, interventional techniques may be unavailable in an emergent situation or at smaller local hospitals. Read More

Vestn Otorinolaringol 2020 ;85(2):78-83

National Medical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngology of the FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

Despite the existing modern high-tech methods of examination and a variety of surgical treatment methods, the problem of diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with chronic post-intubation cicatricial stenosis of the larynx and trachea still requires further study. Improving the understanding and correction of cellular, molecular genetic and biochemical disorders in a chronic wound is a key condition for increasing the efficiency of diagnosis, individual prognosis of the clinical course and the conduct of adequate therapeutic and preventive measures for post-intubation cicatricial laryngotracheal stenoses. In this regard, it seemed appropriate to analyze the existing etiopathogenetic factors of pathological wound healing in chronic post-intubation cicatricial stenosis of the larynx and trachea. Read More

Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020 May 29. Epub 2020 May 29.

Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Purposes: Patients who require surgeries for traumatic post-tracheotomy tracheal stenosis (PTTS) often cannot be supported using conventional airway management approaches. This study documents the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients with PTTS.

Methods: Patient characteristics, procedure, and outcome of patients who required tracheal reconstruction surgery for PTTS supported by ECMO were retrieved and analyzed. Read More

J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2020 Jan- Mar;32(1):13-17

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Combined Military Hospital and Medical college, Multan, Pakistan.

Background: Upper cervical oesophageal and hypo-pharyngeal malignancies pose significant challenges in surgical management. In advanced tumours total laryngopharyngeal esophagectomy (TLPO) and gastric pull up provides excellent result.

Methods: It is a descriptive case series and was conducted from Jan 2010 to Jan 2017. Read More

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020 May 28. Epub 2020 May 28.

Department of Otolaryngology, Lausanne University Hopsital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Purpose: Revision surgery for correcting benign laryngotracheal stenosis is challenging and it gets complicated in patients with comorbidities. To improve results in such cases, we describe a new technique of stabilizing the trachea by splinting it to the clavicle on both sides.

Methods: Retrospective case series. Read More

Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2020 May 26:1049909120926466. Epub 2020 May 26.

Department of Palliative Care, Portuguese Institute of Oncology-Porto, Portugal.

Introduction: A significant proportion of patients with advanced primary or metastatic intrathoracic malignancy will eventually develop central airway obstruction. The morbidity associated with malignant airway obstruction (MAO) is considerable and the management is difficult. Our aim was to evaluate the outcomes of tracheobronchial stenting in patients with MAO and its role in palliative care. Read More

Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2020 May 21. Epub 2020 May 21.

Department of Otolaryngology, Walter-Reed National Military Medical Centre, Bethesda Maryland, USA.

Introduction: The role of voice prosthesis (VP) in causing swallowing difficulties has not been thoroughly evaluated. A laryngectomee with dysphasia caused by a VP is presented.

Case Report: A 77-year-old laryngectomee presented with dysphagia. Read More

AANA J 2020 Jun;88(3):203-208

received his DNP from Duke University in 2015. He is an assistant professor in the Nurse Anesthesia Program at the Daniel K. Inouye Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.

Poor management of endotracheal tube cuff pressures occurs in more than 50% of all general anesthetics, leading to tracheal ischemia, tracheal rupture, sore throats, recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, tracheal stenosis, microaspiration, and/or inadequate ventilation. General endotracheal anesthesia is common practice throughout the world. Endotracheal tube cuffs are filled with a fluid (gas or liquid) to a safe and adequate pressure of 20 to 30 cm HO to protect the lung parenchyma from aspiration while also ensuring positive pressure can be generated to oxygenate/ventilate patients. Read More

Cureus 2020 Apr 16;12(4):e7702. Epub 2020 Apr 16.

Pulmonary and Critical Care, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, USA.

Idiopathic tracheal stenosis (ITS) is a rare condition, and diagnosis of exclusion should be suspected in patients with exercise intolerance, wheezing, and dyspnea on exertion with a flow-volume loop suggestive of fixed airway obstruction. We report a case of a 32-year-old asthmatic woman with an existing diagnosis of vocal cord dysfunction and previous normal CT scan of the neck. She continued to have fixed upper airway obstruction on repeated flow-volume loops with persistent wheezing and cough along with occasional stridor and hoarseness of voice despite appropriate management of her asthma. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020 Jun;256(11):1262-1267

Case Description: A 7-year-old female blue crane () was initially evaluated after it had suddenly developed signs of respiratory distress following aspiration of a rock. Emergency tracheotomy had been performed, and the rock had been removed from the proximal cervical portion of the trachea. Fifty-one days later, the clinical signs had returned and the crane was reevaluated. Read More

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020 07 12;163(1):78-80. Epub 2020 May 12.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents unique challenges for surgical management of laryngotracheal stenosis. High viral concentrations in the upper aerodigestive tract, the ability of the virus to be transmitted by asymptomatic carriers and through aerosols, and the need for open airway access during laryngotracheal surgery create a high-risk situation for airway surgeons, anesthesiologists, and operating room personnel. While some surgical cases of laryngotracheal stenosis may be deferred, patients with significant airway obstruction or progressing symptoms often require urgent surgical intervention. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2020 20;2020:3509814. Epub 2020 Apr 20.

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.

Multisegmental complex congenital tracheal stenosis (CTS) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening malformation of the airway. Staged surgery is indicated for the complex pathophysiology of the abnormal trachea. Surgical intervention to fix the stenotic segments may result in different postoperative outcomes. Read More

Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2020 (4):53-60

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.

Development of tracheal surgery was associated with introduction of fundamentally new procedures: two-level reconstruction, redo tracheal resection, tracheal resection with simultaneous dissection of tracheoesophageal fistula. There are combined and staged techniques when tracheal repair or endoscopic interventions are performed as a stage before circular resection of trachea. However, a single algorithm for prevention and correction of postoperative complications is still absent in tracheal surgery. Read More

Front Pediatr 2020 15;8:161. Epub 2020 Apr 15.

Otolaryngology Department, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Following tracheal intubation, some children may develop stridor, which is an indication of an obstructive lesion in the airway, such as an ongoing laryngeal stenosis (LS). This review focuses on evaluation of stridor and possible endoscopic predictors of progression to LS and, once post-intubation acute lesions are established, therapeutic choices to manage this disorder in avoidance of tracheostomy. Tracheostomy, due to its inherent increased morbidity, mortality and influence on social stigma, should be viewed only as a last resort. Read More

Kans J Med 2020 17;13:77-78. Epub 2020 Apr 17.

University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Department of Pediatrics, Wichita, KS.

J Int Med Res 2020 Apr;48(4):300060520911267

Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea.

BMC Pulm Med 2020 Apr 20;20(1):99. Epub 2020 Apr 20.

Clinical Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital, Krakow, Poland.

Background: The tracheobronchomalacia is a life-threatening complication of mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) without known effective, optimal treatment. The severe expiratory collapse of the trachea and bronchi is one of causes of the high rate of deaths in the course of airway impairment in MPSII patients.

Case Presentation: Due to the adynamic tracheobronchomalacia despite of enzymatic treatment (ERT) in our MPSII patient, a life-saving tracheal bifurcated type-Y endoprosthesis (a self-expanding, metal stent for the prosthesis of tracheal and bronchial stenosis) was implanted. Read More

Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020 Jun 20;8(6):e1245. Epub 2020 Apr 20.

Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.

Background: Tracheal injury could cause intratracheal scar hyperplasia which in turn causes benign tracheal stenosis (TS). With the increasing use of mechanical ventilation and ventilator, the incidence of TS is increasing. However, the molecular mechanisms of TS have not been elucidated. Read More

Head Neck 2020 06 20;42(6):1282-1290. Epub 2020 Apr 20.

Department of Hematology Oncology, Division Head and Neck Oncology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA.

The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 and 2020 has resulted in a worldwide pandemic characterized by severe pulmonary inflammation, effusions, and rapid respiratory compromise. The result of this pandemic is a large and increasing number of patients requiring endotracheal intubation and prolonged ventilator support. The rapid rise in endotracheal intubations coupled with prolonged ventilation requirements will certainly lead to an increase in tracheostomy procedures in the coming weeks and months. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2020 Apr 13;21:e921967. Epub 2020 Apr 13.

Department of Radiology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Nha Trang City, Vietnam.

BACKGROUND The prevalence of aberrant internal carotid artery (ICA) is extremely low in the general population. It commonly occurs in the neck. Close proximity of the pulsatile submucosal mass of the aberrant ICA to the nasopharyngeal wall is dangerous. Read More

Prenat Diagn 2020 Jun 17;40(7):892-904. Epub 2020 May 17.

Division of Obstetric Ultrasonography, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.

Objectives: Establish a fetal heart anatomical cross-sectional database that correlates with screening transverse ultrasound images suggested by international professional organizations to detect congenital heart defects.

Methods: Fetuses with suspected congenital heart defects identified using the following cardiac image sequences obtained from transverse slices beginning from the upper abdomen and ending in the upper thorax were the subjects of this study: (1) four-chamber view, (2) left ventricular outflow tract view, (3) three-vessel right ventricular outflow tract view, and (4) the three-vessel tracheal view. A database of digital two-dimensional images of the transverse sweep was created for fetuses with confirmed congenital heart defects. Read More

Ann Card Anaesth 2020 Apr-Jun;23(2):241-245

Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, GIPMER, New Delhi, India.

In patients with critical tracheal stenosis, particularly involving the lower part of trachea, a highly experienced team of anesthesiologists to tackle the difficulties of securing and maintaining the ventilation, cardiac surgeon who can swiftly establish cardiopulmonary bypass, an experienced surgeon for tracheal reconstruction are a prerequisite for managing these highly complex cases. The present paper describes three patients suffering from severe tracheal narrowing wherein spontaneous bag-mask ventilation was used for establishing cardiopulmonary bypass via mid-sternotomy as a rare life-saving procedure for urgent tracheal reconstructive surgery. A highly experienced team of anesthesiologists to tackle the difficulties of securing and maintaining the ventilation, cardiac surgeon who can swiftly establish CPB, and an experienced surgeon for tracheal reconstruction are a prerequisite for managing these highly complex cases. Read More

J Thorac Dis 2020 Mar;12(3):1184-1193

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

Congenital tracheal stenosis can lead to symptomatic airway obstruction in children and often mandates surgical correction. Over the past half-century, numerous tracheal reconstruction techniques have been developed, including tracheal resection with end-to-end anastomosis (for short-segment complete tracheal stenosis), patch tracheoplasty, slide tracheoplasty, and homograft and autograft augmentation repairs. However, operative management of congenital tracheal stenosis is often complicated by the presence of congenital heart disease, the most common of which is pulmonary artery sling. Read More