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Med Biol Eng Comput 2022 Jun 24. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.

Congenital tracheal stenosis (CTS) with unilateral pulmonary agenesis (UPA) is characterized by the absence of one or both lungs in the hemithorax and is often associated with airway distortion. Some UPA patients have high mortality and morbidity even postoperatively, and it remains unclear whether surgery increases the energy flux needed to drive airflow. Here, we used pre- and postoperative patient-specific airway models to numerically investigate tracheal flow in patients with CTS, especially flow associated with right UPA (CTS-RUPA). Read More

Cureus 2022 Jun 19;14(6):e26087. Epub 2022 Jun 19.

Orthopaedics, Kyushu Central Hospital of the Mutual Aid Association of Public School Teachers, Fukuoka, JPN.

Airway narrowing due to trauma-induced retropharyngeal hematoma is rare. However, it is dangerous to overlook this lesion because it can lead to airway obstruction and even death. In this article, we report a case of a patient who developed pharyngeal pain and dysphagia two days after bruising on the forehead due to a fall and required intubation management. Read More

Cureus 2022 May 20;14(5):e25164. Epub 2022 May 20.

Anesthesiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA.

We report a case involving failed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) cannulation in the setting of critical airway stenosis secondary to a large anterior mediastinal mass. The most invasive management option, ECMO, was initially pursued solely to avoid manipulation of a critical airway in case of intubation failure or life-threatening airway bleeding. However, after unexpectedly failing cannulation in two separate cannulation sites with an impending respiratory collapse, awake fiberoptic or emergent rigid bronchoscopy was the remaining viable option. Read More

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2022 Jun 20:34894221104955. Epub 2022 Jun 20.

Department of Otolaryngology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.

Objective: To identify factors predicting success in slide tracheoplasty surgery at a regional children's hospital and compare with available published literature.

Measures: Retrospective chart review comparing demographics (age, weight) and clinical (operative and hospital course, need for additional airway intervention) factors experienced with slide tracheoplasty. Findings were compared with a systematic review of published literature. Read More

Indian J Crit Care Med 2022 Feb;26(2):167-173

Department of ENT, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Background: Organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate pesticides are widely used for crop protection. We describe the spectrum of laryngeal abnormalities in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with acute OP and carbamate poisoning as there is limited information on it.

Materials And Methods: Consecutive patients admitted to the ICU with acute OP and carbamate poisoning over 20 months (December 2014-July 2016) were recruited. Read More

J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2022 Jan-Mar;38(1):48-57. Epub 2021 Dec 30.

Institute of Anaesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medincine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Tracheal resection anastomosis is one of the most challenging surgeries. Notable advances in this field have made possible a variety of surgical, anesthetic, and airway management options. There are reports of newer approaches ranging from use of supraglottic airway devices, regional anesthesia, and extracorporeal support. Read More

Eur Heart J 2022 Jun 16. Epub 2022 Jun 16.

Heart Center, Dalian Municipal Women and Children's Medical Center(Group), 154, Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian 116012, China.

Arch Bronconeumol 2021 Oct 7;57(10):660-661. Epub 2021 Aug 7.

UCI Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2022 Jun 9;159:111205. Epub 2022 Jun 9.

The First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Respiratory Critical Care, Shijiazhuang, China.

Objectives: Cuffed endotracheal intubation and stent implantation were employed to simulate two types of benign airway stenosis and further to analysis the different features between them from trachecscopic characteristics, gross anatomy to histopathological changes. In addition, our study explored the therapeutic effect of mitomycin C at different concentrations on granulation tissue caused by stent implantation in order to provide a new therapeutic strategy for clinical treatment of benign airway stenosis.

Methods: Twelve beagle dogs were randomly divided into four groups, with three dogs in each group. Read More

Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2022 Jun 14. Epub 2022 Jun 14.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.

Lung parenchyma-sparing bronchial resection is uncommon, and the operative procedure depends on the cause and location of the stenosis. Here, we present six cases to discuss the different surgical strategies for sleeve resection of the central airway without lung resection. Bronchoplasty for the main bronchus and truncus intermedius was performed with a posterolateral approach. Read More

Arch Bronconeumol 2021 Aug;57(8):551-552

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol 2022 Apr 5. Epub 2022 Apr 5.

Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.

Background: Endoscopic therapies are firmly established in the management algorithm of benign subglottic and tracheal stenosis (SGTS). The optimal dilation strategy, however, has yet to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of balloon versus rigid bronchoplasty in the treatment of benign SGTS. Read More

Transl Lung Cancer Res 2022 May;11(5):880-889

Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

Background: Upper tracheal surgery is used to treat patients who with tracheal tumors or tracheal stenosis. The non-intubated spontaneous ventilation anesthesia (NSVA) may have advantages over endotracheal intubation and surgical cross-field intubation in upper tracheal surgery. This study aimed to illustrate and assess the feasibility of NSVA strategy for upper tracheal surgery. Read More

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2022 Jun 10:34894221097183. Epub 2022 Jun 10.

Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France.

Objectives: This study aims to demonstrate the benefit of reconstructive transoral laser microsurgery (R-TLM) in decannulation of tracheostomy-dependent patients with airway obstruction.

Methods: A consecutive series of tracheostomy-dependent patients who underwent R-TLM using multiple techniques described in our previous works, were reviewed for outcomes especially for decannulation. Full airway examination was essential to determine the anatomical and functional sites of obstruction to establish the surgical plan including R-TLM techniques needed to improve airway prior to permanent decannulation. Read More

Cureus 2022 May 6;14(5):e24771. Epub 2022 May 6.

Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN.

In this case report, we describe the case of an infant with repeated wheezing diagnosed relatively early with congenital tracheal and bronchial stenosis after evaluation by chest three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT). The patient was a six-month-old male infant with a one-month history of cough and wheezing. His symptoms worsened the day before admission, and he was admitted with pneumonia and wheezing. Read More

J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2022 Jun 8. Epub 2022 Jun 8.

Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.

Aim: To review new challenges of fetal therapy in Japan after the establishment of four existing fetal therapies as standard prenatal care with National Health Insurance coverage over the past 20 years.

Methods: Reported studies and our current research activities related to four fetal therapies newly performed in Japan were reviewed.

Results: Fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion (FETO) for congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) aims to occlude the trachea using a detachable balloon to promote lung growth. Read More

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2022 27;2022:3076377. Epub 2022 May 27.

Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China.

Objective: To assess the effect of ligustrazine on airway remodeling in asthmatic rats.

Methods: To collect studies on the effects of ligustrazine on airway remodeling in asthmatic rat models, PubMed, Embase, CBM, Cochrane, Chinese Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP, and Wanfang data (WANFANG) were searched using a computer. Two investigators independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and assessed the methodological quality by complying with the inclusion criteria. Read More

Cureus 2022 May 3;14(5):e24694. Epub 2022 May 3.

Internal Medicine, Queens Hospital Center, Queens, USA.

Following coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), many patients experience acute complications and long-term sequelae. Acute complications include respiratory failure, myocardial injury, and neurological complications. Respiratory and thromboembolic complications prove to be acute changes that cause detrimental long-term outcomes. Read More

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022 Jun 4. Epub 2022 Jun 4.

Otolaryngology, Audiology and Phoniatric Operative UnitDepartment of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care MedicineAzienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), University of Pisa, Via Paradisa, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.

Purpose: The COVID-19 outbreak has led to an increasing number of acute laryngotracheal complications in patients subjected to prolonged mechanical ventilation, but their incidence in the short and mid-term after ICU discharge is still unknown. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the incidence of these complications in a COVID-19 group of patients and to compare these aspects with non-COVID-19 matched controls.

Methods: In this cohort study, we retrospectively selected patients from November 1 to December 31, 2020, according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Read More

Iran J Otorhinolaryngol 2022 May;34(122):199-203

Depaerment of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.

Introduction: Elimination of extensive defects of the larynx and trachea by using musculoskeletal plastics without the use of supporting materials is not always sufficient. Laser modeling of cartilage tissue is a promising technique in modern medicine.

Case Report: This article presents a new method for plastic closure of an extensive defect in the larynx and trachea with the help of costal auto-cartilage modeled by an erbium fiber laser with wavelength of 1. Read More

J Invest Surg 2022 Jul 1;35(7):1551-1561. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Subdirection of Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico.

Background: Tracheal stenosis (TS) is a complication of prolonged intubation, tracheotomy, and tracheal surgery that compromises the vascular supply. Animal models are essential for studying its pathophysiology and the effect of interventions.

Objective: To establish a TS model in rats secondary to tracheal autotransplantation with a graft submerged in bleomycin (Atx-Bleo). Read More

Crit Care Nurse 2022 Jun;42(3):12-18

Roopa Kohli-Seth is the Director of the Institute for Critical Care Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital.

Introduction: Certain airway disorders, such as tracheal stenosis, can severely affect the ability to breathe, reduce quality of life, and increase morbidity and mortality. Treatment options for long-segment tracheal stenosis include multistage tracheal replacement with biosynthetic material, autotransplantation, and allotransplantation. These interventions have not demonstrated long-term dependable results because of lack of adequate blood supply to the organ and ciliated epithelium. Read More

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022 May 30. Epub 2022 May 30.

Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.

Purpose: Thyroid cancer, laryngeal cancer and retrosternal goiter are common diseases of head and neck, which often causes difficulty breathing and dyspnea. However, it is usually hard to use conventional methods to deal with this problem. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of an interventional technique for difficult endotracheal intubation (DEI) caused by head and neck diseases. Read More

Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022 Mar 12;60(1):1-8. Epub 2022 May 12.

Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Bursa Uludağ University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the treatment outcomes and postoperative complications of tracheal resection in patients under the age of 19 years with post-intubation tracheal stenosis, and to compare the results with those of adults.

Methods: Data were retrospectively retrieved from the medical records, including demographic characteristics, perioperative features, any postoperative complications and follow-up statuses of the patients. Treatment results and postoperative complications were compared between adolescent and adult groups. Read More

Int J Burns Trauma 2022 15;12(2):52-58. Epub 2022 Apr 15.

Burns Unit, The Childrens Hospital at Westmead Westmead, NSW, Australia.

Introduction: The duration of endotracheal intubation is thought to be the most important factor in the development of acquired laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS); however, there is a paucity of studies examining the incidence of LTS in the paediatric burn population. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of LTS in paediatric burns patients requiring mechanical ventilation to develop guidelines for consideration of a tracheostomy.

Methods: A retrospective review of all children treated at The Children's Hospital at Westmead (CHW) Burns Unit (BU) from December 2009 to December 2019 who required intubation for their burn injury. Read More

Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022 10;10:859777. Epub 2022 May 10.

State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.

Severe tracheomalacia (TM) patients with respiratory symptoms need surgical intervention, including aortopexy, internal stents or external splint. While some patients continue to have respiratory symptoms after tracheal relief, and there is no evidence to support any one surgery therapy over another. Here we introduce a clinical safety and efficacy of the three-dimensional (3D)-printed bioresorbable airway external splints in treating congenital heart disease (CHD) patients with severe TM. Read More

Yonsei Med J 2022 Jun;63(6):545-553

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Purpose: Long-term tracheal stent placement can increase the risk of stent-related complications; hence, removal of the stent after stabilization is attempted. However, little evidence has been established regarding the risk factors for tracheal restenosis. We aimed to identify the risk factors for tracheal restenosis in patients with post-intubation tracheal stenosis (PITS) and post-tracheostomy tracheal stenosis (PTTS). Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2022 May 27. Epub 2022 May 27.

Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.

Abstract: A 23-year-old woman presented with a dry cough and dyspnea. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed an intratracheal space-occupying lesion with continuous homogeneous enhancement and airway stenosis. The patient then underwent 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT, which showed increased uptake of FAPI-04 by the lesion. Read More

J Cardiothorac Surg 2022 May 26;17(1):128. Epub 2022 May 26.

Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai South Nassau, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Healthy Way, Oceanside, NY, 11572, USA.

Background: There has been an anecdotal increase in the incidence of tracheal stenosis that has coincided with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Case Presentation: This is a case series in which we report clinical and pathologic findings of two patients who subsequently developed subglottic tracheal stenosis after having been hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia. Histopathologic analysis of tissue from these patients shows features consistent with tissue infiltrated with SARS-CoV-2 virus, namely multinucleated syncytial cells with prominent nucleoli. Read More

Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2022 Apr;42(2):189-193

Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.