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Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021 May;10(5):2290-2297

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou Medical University 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China.

Lung autotransplantation is an alternative technique in treating central non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for patients who are not suitable to undergo pneumonectomy. We hereby report a novel lung autotransplantation technique for treating central lung cancer. Two cases of central NSCLC involving right main bronchus underwent right basal segment and right lower lobe autotransplantation after resection. Read More

J Cardiothorac Surg 2021 Jun 19;16(1):176. Epub 2021 Jun 19.

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.

Background: Oesophageal atresia is a congenital malformation of the oesophagus and a serious malformation of the digestive system, postoperative complications include acute respiratory failure, pneumonia, anastomotic fistula, anastomotic stenosis, tracheal stenosis, gastroesophageal reflux and eosinophilic oesophagitis, anastomotic fistula is one of the important causes of postoperative death. The objective of this study is to identify the risk factors for anastomotic complications after one-stage anastomosis for oesophageal atresia.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 107 children with congenital oesophageal atresia who underwent one-stage anastomosis in our hospital from January 2013 to December 2018. Read More

Pediatr Allergy Immunol Pulmonol 2021 Jun;34(2):83-87

Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Myhre syndrome is a rare connective tissue disorder caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in the gene. Although recognizing Myhre syndrome in early childhood is challenging, it is important to manage airway stenosis in patients with Myhre syndrome. We report the case of a 2-month-old boy who initially presented with severe multilevel airway stenosis, dysmorphic face, and multiple abnormalities. Read More

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021 Jun 15:1945998211014790. Epub 2021 Jun 15.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Objective: Iatrogenic laryngotracheal stenosis (iLTS) is the pathologic narrowing of the glottis, subglottis, and/or trachea secondary to intubation or tracheostomy related injury. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are more likely to develop iLTS. To date, the metabolomics and phenotypic expression of cell markers in fibroblasts derived from patients with T2DM and iLTS are largely unknown. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2021 28;8:671396. Epub 2021 May 28.

Department of Respiratory Medicine (Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a subtype of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis with a wide range of clinical symptoms related to the systemic involvement of small blood vessels. The respiratory system is one of the most frequently involved, and life-threatening acute respiratory failure could occur due to diffusive alveolar hemorrhage and tracheal stenosis. When maximum mechanical ventilation is unable to maintain oxygenation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) should be considered as the final respiratory supportive method, if available. Read More

Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021 Jul 9;67:102468. Epub 2021 Jun 9.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Al-Mouassat University Hospital, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic.

Introduction And Importance: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease that spread rapidly throughout the world and became a major public health concern. Approximately 5-12% of COVID-19 patients require admission to the intensive-care unit (ICU), where they often require oxygen therapy and prolonged intubation. Post-intubation laryngotracheal stenosis (PILS) is a complication that occurs in 10-22% of non-COVID-19 patients after prolonged intubation, while the rate of COVID-19 related PILS remains unknown. Read More

Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021 Jun 12;26(1):28. Epub 2021 Jun 12.

Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhongshan North Road No.34, Licheng District, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.

Background: We have previously found that β-elemene could inhibit the viability of airway granulation fibroblasts and prevent airway hyperplastic stenosis. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanism and protective efficacy of β-elemene in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: Microarray and bioinformatic analysis were used to identify altered pathways related to cell viability in a β-elemene-treated primary cell model and to construct a β-elemene-altered ceRNA network modulating the target pathway. Read More

Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 2021 ;24:37-43

Section of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Cardiac Surgery, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Electronic address:

Tracheobronchomalacia is a condition of dynamic collapse of the trachea and mainstem bronchi. The clinical significance of tracheobronchomalacia depends on its severity. Mild cases may be medically managed with limited symptomology, while severe cases require advanced therapies, lengthy hospital stays, and carry significant morbidity and mortality. Read More

JA Clin Rep 2021 Jun 9;7(1):47. Epub 2021 Jun 9.

Department of Anesthesiology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura, Chiba, 285-8741, Japan.

Background: Most patients with congenital tracheal stenosis (CTS) develop respiratory symptoms early in life. CTS remaining undiagnosed until adulthood is rare.

Case Presentation: A 51-year-old female was scheduled for cardiovascular surgery. Read More

Clin Med Insights Case Rep 2021 28;14:11795476211020590. Epub 2021 May 28.

Department of Otolaryngology, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Switzerland.

During the current COVID-19 pandemic, several emerging cases of laryngotracheal stenosis following prolonged intubation and tracheostomy are being reported. The patients' pre-existing comorbidities, the disease itself and the pronation maneuvers increase the risk for endolaryngeal and tracheal damage. In this commentary, we report 4 such patients with acquired severe laryngotracheal stenosis. Read More

Clin Otolaryngol 2021 Jun 4. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

National Centre for Airway Reconstruction, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK.

Objectives: Airway reconstruction for laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) encompasses several procedures. Dysphagia is a well-recognised sequela of LTS and airway surgery, however studies have employed mostly non-validated assessments post-operatively in small, heterogenous samples, perpetuating uncertainty around the contributions of LTS and its management to impaired deglutition. Consequently, considerable variation in LTS perioperative nutritional management exists. Read More

J Chest Surg 2021 Jun;54(3):191-199

Tecnológico de Monterrey, México.

Background: Tracheal replacement is a challenge for thoracic surgeons due to stenosis in the trachea-prosthesis anastomosis. We propose that stenosis occurs due to fibrosis as a result of an abnormal healing process, characterized by an increased expression of wound healing growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], survivin, and CD31), which promote angiogenesis and decrease apoptosis. We analyzed the immunoreactivity of VEGF, survivin, CD31, and caspase-3 in the development of fibrotic stenosis in prosthetic tracheal replacement. Read More

Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021 Jun 1. Epub 2021 Jun 1.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, University Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany.

Background:  Tracheal and laryngotracheal surgery provides both excellent functional results and long-term outcomes in the treatment of tracheal stenosis. Consequently, challenging re-resections are rarely necessary. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome of (laryngo-)tracheal re-resection and surgery after bronchoscopic interventions with that of primary surgery. Read More

Asian J Surg 2021 May 26. Epub 2021 May 26.

Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Ankara City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address:

Background: Benign tracheal stenosis is a common complication in patients followed up in intensive care units. We aimed to analyze the etiology, diagnostic approaches, treatment methods for benign tracheal stenosis, and the predicting factors for complications after tracheal resection for benign stenosis.

Material-method: Forty patients who underwent tracheal resection reconstruction due to benign tracheal stenosis were analyzed retrospectively. Read More

Pediatr Radiol 2021 May 28. Epub 2021 May 28.

Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging Unit-Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, RM, Italy.

Background: Tracheal trifurcation is an uncommon and often unknown type of anomalous tracheobronchial arborization, characterized by three main bronchi originating at the level of the carina. Diagnosis is important due to its clinical implications.

Objective: To highlight the anatomical, clinical and diagnostic aspects of tracheal trifurcation by reporting our experience and reviewing the literature. Read More

Pediatr Cardiol 2021 May 27. Epub 2021 May 27.

Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.

Pulmonary artery sling is a rare congenital pulmonary vascular malformation, often associated with tracheal or bronchial stenosis. Surgical treatment of pulmonary artery sling with tracheal stenosis (T) has a high risk of death and a relatively poor prognosis. This study explored the relationship between the T and left pulmonary artery stenosis (P) ratio and the effects of surgery for pulmonary artery sling with tracheal stenosis. Read More

Med J Malaysia 2021 May;76(3):441-445

Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Genetic Department, Malaysia.

Hunter Syndrome is a genetic disease characterized by deficiency of Iduronate-2-Sulfatase enzyme activity, resulting in accumulation of glycoaminoglycans in various organs including the central airways. We report a case of severe tracheomalacia and airway stenosis at Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Malaysia requiring mechanical ventilation in a middle aged gentleman who was previously undiagnosed of mucopolysaccharidosis. The patient underwent emergency tracheostomy for failed intubation, when he presented with shortness of breath and acute respiratory failure. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 May 24;14(5). Epub 2021 May 24.

Division of Hospital Medicine, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA

A previously healthy 30-year-old woman presented with 3 years of progressive shortness of breath and audible wheezing. One year prior to presentation, she developed a chronic non-productive cough. Pulmonary function testing revealed flattened inspiratory and expiratory peaks, characteristic of an extrathoracic fixed tracheal obstruction. Read More

Isr Med Assoc J 2021 May;23(5):297-301

Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.

Background: Management of acquired laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) is challenging and often requires recurrent procedures.

Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of balloon dilatation (BD) versus rigid dilatation (RD) in the treatment of LTS.

Methods: A retrospective study of patients undergoing endoscopic intervention for LTS was performed. Read More

Laryngoscope 2021 May 22. Epub 2021 May 22.

Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A.

Objectives/hypothesis: Airway access in the setting of unsuccessful ventilation and intubation typically involves emergent cricothyrotomy or tracheotomy, procedures with associated significant risk. The potential for such emergent scenarios can often be predicted based on patient and disease factors. Planned tracheotomy can be performed in these cases but is not without its own risks. Read More

J Thorac Dis 2021 Apr;13(4):2255-2263

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shang Hai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China.

Background: Our study aims to explore the feasibility of uniportal video-assisted complex sleeve lung resection and summarize the surgical techniques and clinical outcomes.

Methods: From June 2016 to April 2020, a total of 20 complex sleeve pulmonary and distal tracheal resections were performed by the single surgical team at the Thoracic Surgery Department of the Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital. We defined cases as complex sleeve pulmonary resections if they required pulmonary segment sleeve resection, extended sleeve resection (lobectomy plus segmentectomy of the remaining lobe), sleeve pneumonectomy, lobectomy plus carinoplasty or neo-carina construction, pulmonary-sparing main bronchus resection plus carina reconstruction, and distal trachea resection with end to end anastomosis. Read More

J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2021 May 7. Epub 2021 May 7.

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China. Electronic address:

Auris Nasus Larynx 2021 May 14. Epub 2021 May 14.

Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Beijing 100034, China. Electronic address:

Complete tracheal obliteration after tracheostomy remains a considerable challenge for otolaryngologists and pulmonologists. Here, we report for the first time a novel method of interventional bronchoscopy to successfully recanalize complete tracheal obliteration. Three patients with suprastomal tracheal obliteration and tracheostomy dependence were referred to our center for further management. Read More

Laryngoscope 2021 May 17. Epub 2021 May 17.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.

Objectives/hypothesis: Tracheal stenosis is an obstructive disease of the upper airway that commonly develops as a result of abnormal wound healing. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties of nintedanib on tracheal stenosis both in vitro and in vivo.

Study Design: Prospective controlled animal study and in vitro comparative study of human cells. Read More

J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2021 Apr 20. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Department of Anesthesia, intensive care and pain management, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Objective: The management of laryngotracheal stenosis is challenging, as patients usually require in-time interventions. The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has added unique challenges to this procedure. The presence of the virus in high concentrations in the aerodigestive tract and the need for an open airway during surgery can increase the risk of aerosolization of the virus and subsequent infection of the surgical, anesthetic, and operating room (OR) personnel. Read More

Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021 May 14. Epub 2021 May 14.

Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

PLoS One 2021 14;16(5):e0251811. Epub 2021 May 14.

Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.

Background: The literature regarding esophageal fistula after definitive concurrent chemotherapy and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains lacking. We aimed to investigate the risk factors of esophageal fistula among ESCC patients undergoing definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) via IMRT technique.

Methods: A total of 129 consecutive ESCC patients receiving definitive CCRT with IMRT between 2008 and 2018 were reviewed. Read More

Anaesth Rep 2021 Jan-Jun;9(1):90-94. Epub 2021 May 9.

Department of Anaesthesia Prince Charles Hospital Llantrisant UK.

A 26-year-old woman presenting for an elective day case procedure under general anaesthesia had undiagnosed subglottic stenosis leading to a life threatening airway emergency requiring emergency front-of-neck airway. We outline the case and discuss key anaesthetic considerations in subglottic stenosis, including concerning features of a medical/anaesthetic history and the potential for rapid deterioration of a stenotic airway following manipulation. We also consider the effect of anaesthesia on the calibre of subglottic stenosis and the effects of positive pressure ventilation. Read More

J Chest Surg 2021 Jun;54(3):206-213

Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.

Background: Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEFs) is a rare condition that requires complex surgical treatment. We analyzed the surgical outcomes of TEF reported in the literature and at Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital using standardized techniques.

Methods: This retrospective study included 8 patients diagnosed with acquired benign TEF between March 2010 and December 2019. Read More

Laryngoscope 2021 May 11. Epub 2021 May 11.

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Objective: Define the length of the subglottis and trachea in children to predict a safe intubation depth.

Methods: Patients <18 years undergoing rigid bronchoscopy from 2013 to 2020 were included. The carina and inferior borders of the cricoid and true vocal folds were marked on a bronchoscope and distances were measured. Read More