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BMJ Case Rep 2019 Apr 4;12(4). Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Ocular Inflammation Unit, Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.

A 17-year-old man presented to the emergency department with complaints of retro-orbital pain of the left eye and an altitudinal visual field defect for 2 weeks. Fundus examination revealed ipsilateral hyperaemic optic disc oedema, and the patient was admitted with the presumptive diagnosis of left optic neuritis. Subsequently, during follow-up, the patient developed a retinal granulomatous lesion in the superior temporal arcade with vitritis and fibrotic strands extending to the mid-periphery. Read More

Exp Parasitol 2019 Mar 27;200:37-41. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-Parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil. Electronic address:

Toxocara spp. are responsible for causing toxocariasis, a zoonotic disease of global importance, which is difficult to treat as the available drugs have moderate efficacy in the clinical resolution of the disease. A promising alternative to the existing drugs is Propolis, which is known for having biological and pharmacological properties such as antiparasitic, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. Read More

Ann Agric Environ Med 2019 Mar 16;26(1):154-158. Epub 2019 Jan 16.

Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Introduction And Objective: Toxocariasis, predominantly caused by Toxocara canis, is a common zoonotic parasitosis worldwide. Toxocara infection is a cause of vision impairment and blindness. The presented study investigates the frequency of antibodies against Toxocara among uveitis patients and the epidemiological factors associated with disease. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2019 Apr;67(4):490-495

Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, India.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of cataract surgery in children with uveitis.

Methods: Retrospective, noncomparative review of medical records of children (≤16 years) with uveitic cataract who had undergone cataract surgery between January 2001 and December 2014 at a tertiary care center was done. The main outcome measures were visual acuity and postoperative complications. Read More

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2019 Mar 20. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran.

Background: Toxocariasis is one of the most common zoonotic infections in dogs and cats. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of anti-Toxocara antibodies and identify the epidemiological and clinical features and related risk factors of toxocariasis in the general population along with the prevalence of this infection in dogs and cats in northeast Iran.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, anti-Toxocara antibodies from 1150 urban and rural participants were examined using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Read More

PLoS One 2019 14;14(3):e0213830. Epub 2019 Mar 14.

Department of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.

Toxocariasis is a zoonotic disease that affects humans and animals alike. Although recombinant proteins are widely used for its diagnosis in humans, their performance in companion and production animals remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the serodiagnostic potential of the recombinant proteins rTES-30 and rTES-120 from Toxocara canis in an indirect ELISA for cattle, horses, and sheep. Read More

Z Gastroenterol 2019 Mar 12;57(3):327-334. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Parasitäre Erkrankungen werden in Europa relativ selten diagnostiziert und behandelt. Somit sind auch klinische Besonderheiten und bildgebende Merkmale weniger bekannt. In den heutigen Zeiten von Migration und weltweiter Flüchtlingsströme ist die Kenntnis parasitärer Infektionen zunehmend von Bedeutung. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019 Mar 11. Epub 2019 Mar 11.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.

Ocular toxocariasis can be vision threatening, and is commonly reported from tropical or subtropical regions. Knowledge of clinical manifestations from the United States, particularly in underserved areas such as the American South, is lacking. We report three cases of ocular toxocariasis in individuals from the Mississippi Delta, a rural community with prevalent poverty. Read More

J Parasitol 2019 Feb;105(1):64-68

1   Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-Parasitária, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

The main etiologic agent of human toxocariasis, a zoonotic disease, is the helminth Toxocara canis. Among the diagnostics used for human toxocariasis, ELISA using T. canis excretion and secretion antigen (TES) is considered as a standard technique. Read More

Vet Rec 2019 Feb;184(8):259

Vet Rec 2019 Feb;184(7):224-225

ESCCAP Secretariat, Malvern Hills Science Park, Malvern, Worcestershire WR14 3SZ.

Parasitol Res 2019 Mar 31;118(3):873-880. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy.

Toxocara canis is one of the most common intestinal parasites in dogs and represents a highly infectious zoonotic parasite worldwide. Adult worms live in the bowel of dogs, and infections in puppies are commonly acquired transplacentally. The biology of the parasite and the commonly used diagnostic method, based on faecal examination, often prevent an early diagnosis of toxocariasis in puppies. Read More

Parasitol Res 2019 Feb 10;118(2):483-491. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

Department of Parasitology, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Chien-Kuo North Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.

In ocular toxocariasis, Toxocara canis-induced inflammatory reaction can lead to eye destruction and granuloma, which is formed by immune cell infiltration and concurrent extensive remodeling tissue. Herein, the histomorphology of granuloma and proteinase production in the eye of T. canis-infected BALB/c mice were investigated. Read More

Korean J Parasitol 2018 Dec 31;56(6):567-575. Epub 2018 Dec 31.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.

Present study was performed to describe the morphological and molecular characterization of Toxocara tanuki (Nematoda: Ascaridae) from Korean raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis, naturally infected in the Republic of Korea (Korea). Juvenile and adult worms of T. tanuki were recovered in 5 out of 10 raccoon dogs examined and the larval worms were detected in 15 out of 20 muscle samples (75%). Read More

Exp Parasitol 2019 Feb 22;197:9-15. Epub 2018 Dec 22.

Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggass-Strasse 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.

Serodiagnosis of human anisakidosis is presently hampered by the current lack of standardised serological assays that allow sensitive and specific detection of Anisakidae-specific antibodies in human patients. In the present study, we comparatively evaluated the diagnostic value (by IgG-ELISA) of excretory-secretory antigens (ESAgs) of Anisakis simplex, Pseudoterranova decipiens and Contracaecum osculatum, representing the most frequently found genera responsible for human infection. In addition, we tested also a mix of the three ES preparations (Mix-ESAgs) as well as two recombinant allergens of A. Read More

EXCLI J 2018 23;17:983-988. Epub 2018 Oct 23.

Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Toxocara is one of the common intestinal nematodes in dogs and cats and is the agent of tissue migratory larvae in humans. Customarily, the prevalence of human toxocariasis hovers around 15.8 % in Iran. Read More

Parasitol Int 2019 Apr 12;69:75-81. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Parasitology, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address:

Endoparasitic infections represent relevant causes of respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases in cats. The aim of the study was to investigate the occurrence of endoparasites in Swiss cats in order to evaluate the risk of onset of parasitic diseases and potential correlated zoonoses. Therefore 664 faecal samples from privately owned (n = 299), shelter (n = 197) and stray (n = 168) cats were investigated by sedimentation-flotation and 468 samples additionally by the Baermann technique. Read More

PLoS One 2018 13;13(12):e0208991. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brasil.

Toxocariasis is a neglected zoonosis that affects children and adults. Recombinant proteins have been widely investigated for diagnosis, achieving high sensitivity and specificity in an overall population; however, little is known about age as a factor in its application. This study aims to investigate the diagnostic potential of Toxocara canis TES-30 and TES-120 recombinant proteins in humans, differentiating between its performance in children and adults. Read More

Med Sci Monit 2018 Dec 3;24:8734-8749. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

BACKGROUND This study aimed to review the causes, presentation, and clinicopathological associations of uveitis in a single department of ophthalmology in Poland, and to compare the findings with previously published studies from other European countries. MATERIAL AND METHODS Review of local patient records between 2005-2015 identified patients diagnosed with uveitis. Data obtained included age, gender, imaging findings, and laboratory diagnostic findings. Read More

Arch Argent Pediatr 2018 Dec;116(6):e753-e756

Sector de Bajo Riesgo. Servicio de Clínica, Hospital Nacional de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan", Ciudad de Buenos Aires.

Toxocariasis canis or catis is a zoonotic infection disseminated in humans. Human beings can act as non-natural hosts in which the parasite can survive for long periods of time and they become infected by the ingestion of geohelminth eggs. These can be located on the ground, playgrounds and children's games, and are mostly eliminated by dogs or cats. Read More

J Helminthol 2018 Nov 20:1-6. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

Department of Ophthalmology,Faculty of Medicine,Zagazig University,Egypt.

Uveitis is one of the commonest causes of vision loss worldwide and its exact etiology is still not clarified in most patients. The current study is a trial to assess the efficacy of serum anti-Toxocara immunoglobulin G (IgG) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a diagnostic tool for ocular toxocariasis (OT) and to detect OT prevalence and the associated ocular manifestations in sera of patients with uveitis. One hundred and twelve patients (62 females and 50 males) with uveitis were diagnosed by ophthalmologists, radiologists and rheumatologists according to ocular manifestations, laboratory and radiological investigations. Read More

PLoS One 2018 15;13(11):e0207901. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone. Read More

Indian J Med Microbiol 2018 Jul-Sep;36(3):432-434

Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Toxocariasis is a neglected soil-transmitted helminthic infection caused by either Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati where humans get infected by accidental ingestion of embryonated eggs, and the definitive hosts are dogs and cats. This study aims to analyse the clinical and laboratory characteristics of Toxocara-infected patients and assessment of response to standard treatment with review of literature. The clinical details of patients with Toxocara serology positive for IgG antibodies by ELISA in 5 years (2013-2017) were retrospectively analysed. Read More

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2019 Mar;113(3):116-122

Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.

Toxocariasis is one of the most important and widespread neglected tropical infectious diseases. We designed a cross-sectional study to assess the seroepidemiological aspects of toxocariasis among the general population in northern Iran. A total of 630 rural subjects were enrolled to participate in the study. Read More

Vet Parasitol 2018 Oct 15;262:16-19. Epub 2018 Sep 15.

All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plants named after K.I. Skryabin, Bolshaya Cheremushkinskaya street 28, 117218 Moscow, Russia. Electronic address:

To find out the transmission routes for Toxocara infection, the possibility of transfer of Toxocara eggs from the soil on the paws of animals and on the shoes of people was explored. For this purpose, a study was conducted to find helminth eggs in washings from the paws of dogs after walking, from the shoes of their owners, as well as non-dog owners. Toxocara eggs were detected in 19. Read More

Parasit Vectors 2018 Nov 1;11(1):571. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

Mount Veterinary Practice, 1 Harris St, Fleetwood, FY7 6QX, UK.

Background: Zoonotic endoparasites pose risks to pets and people. The European Scientific Counsel Companion Animal Parasites (ESCCAP) created risk groupings for dogs (A-D) and for cats (A-B), with the highest risk pets (Group D dogs and Group B cats) receiving the most frequent testing and/or deworming recommendations. Little information exists on current deworming behaviours across Europe, alignment to accepted guidelines and the percentage of dogs and cats falling into ESCCAP groups. Read More

Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2018 Oct 22. Epub 2018 Oct 22.

Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Hospital Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain.

Trop Med Int Health 2018 Dec 23;23(12):1374-1383. Epub 2018 Oct 23.

Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Objective: To investigate the seroprevalence of Sarcocystosis in the local communities of Pangkor and Tioman islands, Malaysia, by using antigenic recombinant surface antigens 2 and 3 from Sarcocystis falcatula (rSfSAG2 and rSfSAG3) as the target proteins via Western blot and ELISA assays.

Methods: SfSAG2 and SfSAG3 genes were isolated from S. falcatula and expressed in Escherichia coli expression system. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018 Dec;99(6):1602-1605

Department of Pathology Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Visceral larva migrans (VLM) is one of the clinical syndromes of human toxocariasis. We report a case of hepatic VLM presenting preprandial malaise and epigastric discomfort in a 58-year-old woman drinking raw roe deer blood. The imaging studies of the abdomen showed a 74-mm hepatic mass featuring hepatic VLM. Read More

Joint Bone Spine 2018 Sep 28. Epub 2018 Sep 28.

Department of Microbiology, Dijon University Hospital, University of Burgundy, 14, rue Paul Gaffarel, 21000 Dijon, France.

J Helminthol 2018 Oct 1:1-4. Epub 2018 Oct 1.

Department of Pathobiology,School of Veterinary Medicine,Ferdowsi University of Mashhad,Iran.

Toxocariasis is an important neglected tropical disease that has been suggested as a possible etiologic agent of asthma. The objective of the present study was to investigate possible significant association between Toxocara seroprevalence and asthma in a clinic-based case-control study. Blood samples were collected from human subjects aged 5-70 years, 50 of whom had signs of asthma and 50 of whom had no signs of asthma. Read More

PLoS One 2018 26;13(9):e0204468. Epub 2018 Sep 26.

Infectious Diseases Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of biological investigations in cases of eosinophilia in our area (French Alps).

Methods: We retrospectively included all adult patients attending the infectious disease and internal medicine units between 2009 and 2015 with eosinophilia ≥1 G/l.

Results: We identified 298 cases (129 women and 169 men). Read More

Germs 2018 Sep 3;8(3):155-161. Epub 2018 Sep 3.

Prof, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece.

Background: is one of the most widespread public health and economically important zoonotic parasitic infections humans share with canids, mainly dogs. Human infection occurs by the accidental ingestion of embryonated eggs or larvae from a range of wild and domestic paratenic hosts. The aim of the present study was to examine the soil contamination of public places by the parasitic ova and to estimate serologically the prevalence of human infection in the Attica region, Greece. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Sep;97(37):e12361

Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul.

Blood eosinophilia is a common clinical finding. Helminthic infections, including toxocariasis, are a common cause of eosinophilia; however, the clinical course of toxocariasis associated with eosinophilia is not fully understood. Thus, controversies exist regarding treatment indications. Read More

Biomedica 2018 06 15;38(2):189-197. Epub 2018 Jun 15.

Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.

Introduction: Toxocariasis is a soil-transmitted zoonotic disease caused mainly by ingestion of larvated eggs of Toxocara canis.

Objectives: To study the morphology of the intraovular developmental stages of Toxocara canis in culture, characterize non-viable eggs and the sequences of larval molting and compare the viability of eggs at the early stages of division and at reaching full maturation.

Material And Methods: Observation of developing embryos and characterization of non-viable eggs were done using light microscope. Read More

PLoS One 2018 30;13(8):e0202904. Epub 2018 Aug 30.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Republic of Korea.

Purpose: To determine the prognosis for ocular toxocariasis (OT) according to the location of the granuloma and to identify factors associated with its recurrence within 1 year.

Methods: OT patients were classified according to the granuloma lesion. After grouping the patients as posterior or peripheral, we compared sex, age, intraocular pressure, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), degree of inflammation, immunoglobulin E, eosinophil profiles, recurrence, and complications in each group. Read More

Rev Neurol (Paris) 2018 12 22;174(10):745-747. Epub 2018 Aug 22.

Department sclérose en plaques, pathologies de la myéline et neuro-inflammation, Eugène-Devic EDMUS foundation against multiple sclerosis, observatoire français de la sclérose en plaques (OFSEP), hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, hospices civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Lyon, France. Electronic address:

Environ Pollut 2018 Nov 27;242(Pt B):1467-1475. Epub 2018 Jul 27.

Department of Health Public, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.

Toxocariasis is a neglected tropical disease of humans. Although many studies have indicated or shown that environmental contamination with Toxocara species eggs is a major risk factor for toxocariasis in humans, there has been no comprehensive analysis of published data or information. Here, we conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis of current literature to assess the global prevalence of Toxocara eggs in public places (including beaches, parks and playgrounds). Read More

Public Health 2018 12 16;165:152-153. Epub 2018 Aug 16.

School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8, Priory Rd, Bristol, BS8 1TZ, UK.

Parasitol Res 2018 Nov 8;117(11):3481-3486. Epub 2018 Aug 8.

Post-Graduation Program in Animal Science, Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching-Hospital, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil.

Toxocariasis is an important, but neglected, worldwide zoonosis. It is considered a primarily soil-transmitted disease, but food-borne transmission has been associated with the consumption either of raw or undercooked meat of paratenic hosts, including birds. Despite the number of experimental studies carried out to evaluate the behavior of Toxocara spp. Read More

Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018 Aug 11;202:11-17. Epub 2018 Jun 11.

Dermatology Unit, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.

Background: The "hygiene hypothesis" suggests that a western way of life, including the extended use of anti-infective drugs, a high standard of hygiene and the resulting reduced exposure to microorganisms, could be one of the possible explanations for the increasing prevalence of allergic diseases in humans and animals.

Objectives: we wished to evaluate if a nematode infection influenced IgE sensitization and allergic reactions to house dust mites in an experimental atopic dog model.

Methods: Twelve 10-week-old beagles were included: six of them were inoculated orally withToxocara canis (Tc) while six served as non-infected. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Aug;97(31):e11663

Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama.

Rationale: Chronic uveitis with immunosuppressive agents could develop chronic herpetic retinitis with varicella-zoster virus (VZV) or herpes simplex virus (HSV). Ocular Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection develops uveitis and vitritis, but the clinical feature of EBV retinitis is not typical as a viral retinitis. EBV retinitis is rare, and only a few cases of EBV retinitis have been reported. Read More

Iran J Parasitol 2018 Apr-Jun;13(2):204-214

Dept. of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia.

Background: Currently, most of the available serological diagnostic kits for strongyloidiasis are based on the use of the crude antigens of , which are good, but with less sensitivity towards the infection. Hence, this study aimed to produce and evaluate monoclonal antibody for detecting soluble parasite antigen in animal sera.

Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University Putra Malaysia in 2014-2017. Read More

Med Arch 2018 06;72(3):174-177

Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Research institute for Primordial Prevention of Non- communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Background: Toxocariasis is a common parasitic infectionworldwide even in developed countries. Through this health problem, the immune system is triggered and the antibody is produced, leading to some hypersensitive situations like asthma. In the present study, we tried to show a correlation between Toxocara Canis (T. Read More

Vet Parasitol 2018 Aug 26;259:25-34. Epub 2018 Jun 26.

Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Electronic address:

Toxocariasis is a widespread helminth infection of dogs and cats, caused by Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati larvae, respectively. Toxocara spp. can cause zoonotic infections in humans by invading tissues and organs causing pathology. Read More

Acta Trop 2018 Nov 24;187:51-56. Epub 2018 Jul 24.

Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, Brazil.

The main etiological agent of toxocariasis is the helminth Toxocara canis. Several difficulties are found in the diagnosis of this disease, because of nonspecific clinical signs and possible cross-reactions that may occur in the available test, the indirect ELISA. Therefore, molecular diagnosis has been indicated as an alternative to conventional diagnosis. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2018 28;29:180. Epub 2018 Mar 28.

Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Militaire de Tunis, Tunisie.

Human toxocariasis is a cosmopolitan parasitic zoonosis caused by Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati which are roundworms of dogs and cats. It is mostly a benign condition. We here report a case of acute pancreatitis secondary to toxocariasis. Read More

BMC Vet Res 2018 Jul 25;14(1):224. Epub 2018 Jul 25.

Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

Background: Echinococcosis and toxocarosis caused by the genus of Echinococcus and Toxocara spp. are among important helminthic diseases worldwide. Limited data on the prevalence of these parasites persuaded us to determine the prevalence of E. Read More

J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2018 Jul 11. Epub 2018 Jul 11.

Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Research Center of International Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Tropical Medicine Division, International PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei 11031, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Background/purpose: Toxocariasis is a worldwide parasitic zoonosis and mainly caused by Toxocara canis. Humans can be infected by accidental ingestion of T. canis embryonated ova through contacting with contaminated food, water, or encapsulated larvae in paratenic hosts' viscera or meat. Read More