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Parasit Vectors 2021 May 11;14(1):250. Epub 2021 May 11.

Graduate College in Animal Sciences, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares km 572-Bairro Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19050-920, Brazil.

Background: Toxocariasis, caused by a nematode species of the genus Toxocara, has been described as one of the most prevalent zoonotic helminthiases worldwide. Human transmission may occur by ingesting Toxocara spp. larvae from raw or undercooked meat or organs; however, no comprehensive serosurvey study has been conducted to date investigating the role of cattle as paratenic hosts. Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021 Apr 28:1-12. Epub 2021 Apr 28.

Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences,Qazvin, Iran.

: Ocular toxocariasis (OT) is a zoonotic infection caused by larval stages of and . The current review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the global prevalence of OT.: Five English (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) databases were explored and 101 articles met the inclusion criteria. Read More

Transbound Emerg Dis 2021 Apr 28. Epub 2021 Apr 28.

Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine - State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil.

The intense contact of children with domestic animals or environments contaminated with faeces of these animals, together with habits related to lack of hygiene, can facilitate infection by zoonoses. The study evaluated the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis in schoolchildren in the city of Jataizinho, Paraná. Of the 412 children aged 4-15 years, 56. Read More

ACG Case Rep J 2021 Apr 20;8(4):e00556. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a rare entity, and although usually idiopathic, it may arise from gastrointestinal infections. We report a case of a 33-year-old woman from Vietnam presenting with acute abdominal pain, new-onset eosinophilic ascites, peripheral eosinophilia, and a positive antibody. The patient had no recent international travel, known animal host contact, or other toxocariasis risk factors. Read More

Iran J Parasitol 2020 Oct-Dec;15(4):559-567

Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.

Background: Toxocariasis is one of the most neglected zoonotic diseases, predominantly caused by . We aimed to evaluate the expression of microRNAs 21 and 103a in seropositive individuals for human toxocariasis as diagnostic biomarkers.

Methods: This study was conducted on 324 individuals for ELISA test on toxocariasis in Tehran and Karaj, Iran 2019. Read More

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021 Apr 1. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.

Toxocariasis is an important neglected disease that could have a role in the development of some neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia (SCZ). We performed the first systematic review and meta-analysis on observational studies to evaluate the possible association between Toxocara infection/exposure and SCZ. Systematic searching (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar) was performed, up to 15 August 2020, to identify the relevant studies. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2021 May 22;21(5):521. Epub 2021 Mar 22.

Department of Sports, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, 'Ovidius' University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania.

Human helminth zoonosis is one of the most encountered helminthiases worldwide. Representative diseases include and , which are common nematodes prevalent in dogs and cats. The infiltration of these roundworms in the human body through contaminated food or nematode eggs could lead to central nervous system injury as the roundworms can cross the blood-brain barrier leading to neurotoxocariasis. Read More

Pathogens 2021 Mar 9;10(3). Epub 2021 Mar 9.

Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hanover, Germany.

and , the worldwide occurring intestinal roundworms of canids and felids, represent an important public health threat due to various disease manifestations in humans. Host recognition of pathogens is mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Myeloid C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are PRRs and recognise carbohydrate structures of various pathogens. Read More

Iran J Parasitol 2021 Jan-Mar;16(1):23-31

Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Background: is considered as one of the main etiological agents of toxocariasis with global and regional importance. As there is no information on proteomics of , herein, we reported the results obtained by proteomic analysis of somatic proteins extract, using a mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach.

Methods: Somatic extract fractions were separated by two-dimensional SDS-PAGE and were electro blotted on to PVDF membranes for immunoblot analysis, then collected the immunogenic spots which response of antibodies of the paratenic hosts (mice) to the antigens (Mashhad, 2017), and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Read More

Trop Parasitol 2020 Jul-Dec;10(2):114-119. Epub 2021 Jan 25.

Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.

Introduction: Contaminated environment with canine parasitic eggs is the main source for toxocariasis and other geohelminth infections of humans. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for intestinal parasitic infections in dogs and the degree of soil contamination with eggs in Kandy and Gampaha districts in Sri Lanka.

Methods: A total of 188 fecal samples from both stray and domestic owned dogs from Gampaha district and Kandy district were collected. Read More

Parasitol Res 2021 May 19;120(5):1737-1741. Epub 2021 Mar 19.

Laboratory of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Sagamihara, Japan.

Although raw or undercooked livestock meat or viscera has been suggested to be a source of human toxocariasis, there have been few reports on the prevalence of Toxocara larvae in the tissue of livestock animals. To investigate the presence of Toxocara larvae in chickens, we examined 50 culled chickens from a commercial layer farm. The liver, breast meat, and thigh meat were separated individually and artificially digested to examine for the presence of larvae. Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021 Mar 4:1-3. Epub 2021 Mar 4.

Department of Ophthalmology, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.

: To report a case of strabismus in a five-week-old infant, likely secondary to a rare occurrence of congenitally acquired ocular toxocariasis.: Retrospective case report.: A five-week-old male infant with left exotropia was referred to pediatric ophthalmology and to a vitreoretinal specialist. Read More

J Helminthol 2021 Mar 2;95:e11. Epub 2021 Mar 2.

Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences - Parasitology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Academic Area of the University Hospital,Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Probiotics have been shown to reduce the intensity of Toxocara canis infection in mice. However, larval transmission of this nematode also occurs via transplacental and transmammary routes. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Saccharomyces boulardii probiotic on the vertical transmission of T. Read More

J Ophthalmol 2021 11;2021:4853531. Epub 2021 Feb 11.

Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China.

Purpose: To analysis the multimodal imaging of a group of patients diagnosed clinically with atypical juvenile ocular toxocariasis (OT).

Methods: In this case series study, we examined 9 young patients diagnosed with atypical OT. Routine ophthalmological examinations, fundus photography, optical-coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography (FFA), and B-mode ultrasound were performed. Read More

Trop Biomed 2020 Sep;37(3):599-608

Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

This cross-sectional study involving 86 adult asthmatic patients aimed to determine the relationship between Toxocara seropositivity and severity of asthma in adult asthmatics and investigate the risk factors for Toxocara infection. In all cases, T. canis IgG level was measured using an anti-Toxocara IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Read More

Trop Biomed 2020 Mar;37(1):89-102

Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

Toxocara canis is a major parasite that infects many animals with high risk of human infections. This study aims at assessing the immunization with gamma radiationattenuated infective stage on rats challenged with non-irradiated dose. Level of vaccine protection was evaluated in liver and lung regarding parasitological, histopathological, biochemical and molecular parameters. Read More

J Formos Med Assoc 2021 Feb 13. Epub 2021 Feb 13.

Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Centre for International Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.

Toxocariasis is a zoonosis disease with high sero-prevalence in Southeast Asian. Neurotoxocariasis has never been reported in Taiwan. Herein, we presented 2 cases of neurotoxocariasis. Read More

Parasitology 2021 Feb 17:1-8. Epub 2021 Feb 17.

Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CABA, Argentina.

Toxocariasis is a zoonotic disease caused mainly by Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati and diagnosis in dogs and cats is an important tool for its control. For this reason, a new coprological loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of these species. The primer set was designed on a region of the mitochondrial cox-1 gene. Read More

Arq Bras Oftalmol 2021 Feb 3. Epub 2021 Feb 3.

Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.

We report the case of an eight-year-old male patient with a four-month history of unilateral anterior chronic uveitis, associated with a pigmented lesion surrounded by fibrinoid material in the inferior camerular angle and with a fibrotic lesion in the extreme periphery of the inferior retina. The patient had no history of trauma or any other clinical symptoms. Although the patient was suspected of having toxocariasis, serological tests were negative. Read More

Clin Exp Pediatr 2021 Feb 5. Epub 2021 Feb 5.

Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.

Toxocariasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati in humans. Various types of Toxocara canis are important. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Toxocara spp. Read More

Parasit Vectors 2021 Feb 5;14(1):95. Epub 2021 Feb 5.

Fundacion Ecuatoriana Para Investigación en Salud, Quinindé, Ecuador.

Background: Although Toxocara spp. infection has a worldwide distribution, to our knowledge, no data from birth cohorts have been reported in published studies on the potential for congenital transmission and determinants of infection in early childhood.

Methods: We followed 290 mother-infant pairs from birth to 5 years of age through periodic collection of data and samples at birth, 7 and 13 months and 2, 3 and 5 years of age. Read More

Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2021 29;63:e9. Epub 2021 Jan 29.

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Área Acadêmica do Hospital Universitário, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Parasitologia, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Human toxocariasis consists of chronic tissue parasitosis that is difficult to treat and control. This study aimed to evaluate the action of the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 on larvae of Toxocara canis and the effect of IFN-γ cytokine on parasite-host in vivo (1.109 CFU) and in vitro (1. Read More

Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2021 2;49(1):25-31. Epub 2021 Jan 2.

Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran;

Background: Besides the well-known risk factors, Toxocara infection is thought to play a significant etiological role in the development of childhood asthma. To further explore this association, the prevalence of Toxocara infection in sera of asthmatic children and healthy controls in northern Iran was investigated.

Methods: In this case-control study, cases were 145 physician-confirmed asthmatic children diagnosed according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines. Read More

Vet World 2020 Dec 12;13(12):2643-2648. Epub 2020 Dec 12.

School of Allied Health Sciences and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.

Background And Aim: There is a large amount of information on intestinal parasites in stray dogs and golden jackals () in Mazandaran Province, Iran. However, there is little information about foxes and wolves, which have a potential role in the spread of dangerous parasitic diseases, such as echinococcosis and toxocariasis. The aim of the present study was to identify the genus or species of parasitic worms in stool samples obtained from carnivores in Mazandaran Province, Iran, from August 2017 to April 2018. Read More

Neuropediatrics 2021 04 20;52(2):142-145. Epub 2021 Jan 20.

Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.

Toxocarosis is the consequence of human infection by spp. larvae and is one of the most common ascarioses, not only in developing countries, but also in the European region, where its prevalence reaches 14%. Due to their particular behavior, children are at higher risk of this parasitic infection, whose clinical features depend on the localization of the larvae. Read More

Res Vet Sci 2021 Mar 28;135:1-7. Epub 2020 Dec 28.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States of America. Electronic address:

This is a review on the current status of Ascaris and Toxocara as agents of disease as a foodborne pathogen that is often transmitted onto produce via contaminated water. The paper introduces the parasites, their biology, disease caused, and mode of transmission. It summarizes recent research on methods for the detection of the parasites on crops, their prevalence in recent surveys of ready to eat plants in different parts of the world, and potential aspects of their means for remediation on vegetable crops. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 01 2;18(1). Epub 2021 Jan 2.

Department of Translational Research, N.T.M.S., University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.

A boy affected by autism spectrum disorder was admitted for persistent high fever, without shiver, for two weeks. The boy referred to abdominal pain, in the first week of fever, and to mild anorexia in the last days before admittance to our hospital centre. The father reported that the boy suffered by geophagia and coprophagia and he has been going to a didactical farm (where he has been exposed to several kinds of animals) to improve his neuropsychiatric condition. Read More

One Health 2020 Dec 27;11:100191. Epub 2020 Oct 27.

Graduate School of International Health Development, Nagasaki University, Japan.

Toxocariasis is a zoonotic helminthiasis caused by the migrating larvae of and , common roundworms of dogs and cats. Our previous study in Savannakhet Province of Lao PDR showed an infection rate of 44.1% of spp. Read More

J Trop Pediatr 2021 Jan;67(1)

GEPAMOL Group, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia 63004.

We report diagnosis, treatment and evolution of cases of ocular toxocariasis in specialized consultation in Quindío, Colombia. No cases were seen during the 2000-17 period, but five cases were confirmed from November 2017 to March 2019; two children resulted with definitive loss of vision on the affected eye. Studies in contacts found that 12 of 19 (63%) family members and 15 of 25 (60%) children <15 years of age living on the same street were positive for IgG Toxocara antibodies. Read More

Surv Ophthalmol 2020 Dec 10. Epub 2020 Dec 10.

Ratner Children's Eye Center, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.

A two-year-old full-term boy with a history of an intermittent exotropia presented to the pediatric ophthalmology clinic for routine follow-up. He was found to have a stable sensorimotor examination however dilated funduscopic examination of the right eye was significant for a dim foveal reflex with a new discrete, white, elevated retinal lesion superotemporal to the fovea with surrounding subretinal exudates. An examination under anesthesia (EUA) was performed two days later that revealed a subretinal posterior pole granuloma with hyperfluorescence and late leakage from the lesion without telangiectatic vessels on fluorescein angiography. Read More