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Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2018 Nov-Dec;22(6):853-854

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

J Inherit Metab Dis 2018 Dec 27. Epub 2018 Dec 27.

Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.

This review gives an overview of clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome of nutritional and acquired cobalamin (Cbl; synonym: vitamin B12) deficiencies, inborn errors of Cbl absorption and intracellular trafficking, as well as methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD1) and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiencies, which impair Cbl-dependent remethylation. Acquired and inborn Cbl-related disorders and MTHFR deficiency cause multisystem, often severe disease. Failure to thrive, neurocognitive or psychiatric symptoms, eye disease, bone marrow alterations, microangiopathy and thromboembolic events are characteristic. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Feb 11;12(2). Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinico-radiological entity described by Hinchey in late 90's, characterised by variable associations of seizure activity, consciousness impairment ranging from confusion to coma, headaches, visual abnormalities, nausea/vomiting and focal neurological signs. Common causes are accelerated hypertension, eclampsia, preeclampsia, cytotoxic drug use and autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus.We report a case of PRES in a 62-year-old female patient due to hypercalcemia secondary to vitamin D toxicity on treatment with calcium supplements and vitamin D for secondary hypoparathyroidism. Read More

Neurochem Int 2019 Feb 7;125:25-34. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Brazil. Electronic address:

Vitamin A (retinol) is involved in signaling pathways regulating gene expression and was postulated to be a major antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound of the diet. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons, involving oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory activation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of retinol oral supplementation against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 12 μg per rat) nigrostriatal dopaminergic denervation in Wistar rats. Read More

Food Chem Toxicol 2019 Feb 7;126:34-40. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India. Electronic address:

Metanil yellow, an azo dye, is a non-permitted synthetic food colour used extensively in India and other developing countries as food additive. Present communication reports the toxic effects of metanil yellow on hepatic and kidney tissues and its amelioration by eugenol, vitamin E and vitamin C. Oral administration of metanil yellow in albino Wistar rats for 28 days caused elevation in serum enzymes (glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, gluatamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase), and total bilirubin along with decline in albumin and total protein levels. Read More

J Ethnopharmacol 2019 Feb 5;235:47-55. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Longmian Avenue No. 639, 211198 Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China. Electronic address:

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Fructus Gardenia (FG) is a widely used bitter and cold herb for clearing heat and detoxicating. Currently, toxicity of FG and its relative formula has been reported in many clinical and animal studies. However, no systematic research has been carried out on FG-related gastrointestinal (GI) injury which has been emphasized in China since the Ming Dynasty. Read More

Eur J Nutr 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Bethel Clinic (EvKB), 33611, Bielefeld, Germany.

Purpose: For the prevention of nutritional rickets, 400 IU vitamin D daily and circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations > 50 nmol/L are recommended, whereas the toxicity threshold is set at 250 nmol/L. We synthesized the evidence for the effect of vitamin D supplementation on incremental 25OHD in infants up to 1 year of age.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention trials in several databases. Read More

Curr Drug Discov Technol 2019 Feb 4. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Dept. of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala. India.

Background: Although antibiotic-induced hepatotoxicity is recoverable with mild impairment, and few of them were reported to cause morbidity. Hence, an adjuvant is essential in reducing such incidences.

Objective: The aim of this study to evaluate the protective effect of ascorbic acid on antibiotic induced liver toxicity using liver slices. Read More

J Physiol Sci 2019 Feb 2. Epub 2019 Feb 2.

Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.

Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) toxicity is a well-known model for peripheral neuropathy. GABA and glutamate are two neurotransmitters in neural pathways involved in the peripheral neuropathy. Cichorium intybus (Chicory) contains glycosides and triterpenoids, which inhibit glutamatergic transmission and enhance GABAergic transmission. Read More

Pharmaceutics 2019 Jan 27;11(2). Epub 2019 Jan 27.

Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.

Natural polyphenols, such as resveratrol (RES) or epicatechin (EPI), are attractive for treatments of various diseases, including vaginal infections and inflammation, because of their strong anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. However, their low solubility and consequent poor bioavailability limit their therapeutic uses. To overcome these limitations, a vaginal delivery system comprising either RES or EPI liposomes-in-hydrogel was developed. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2019 Mar 3;657:1205-1216. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science & Technology Branch, Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, Delta V4K 3N2, BC, Canada. Electronic address:

Non-target wildlife, particularly birds of prey, are widely exposed to and acutely poisoned by anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs). An unresolved issue surrounding such exposure, however, is the potential for sublethal effects. In particular, the consequences of AR exposure and resulting coagulopathy on health and survival of unintentionally exposed animals, which often encounter a multitude of anthropogenic stressors, are understudied. Read More

J Immunol Res 2018 25;2018:4868417. Epub 2018 Dec 25.

Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw 53-114, Poland.

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that survey the body for stressed and abnormal cells. The integration of signals that they receive through various inhibitory and activating cell surface receptors controls their activation and ability to kill target cells and produce cytokines. In this manner, phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets of NK cells help protect against microbial infections and cancer and shape the adaptive immune response. Read More

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019 May 19;172:33-39. Epub 2019 Jan 19.

Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564507, China; Laboratory of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China. Electronic address:

Exposure to specific air pollutants has been demonstrated to induce damage in the brain. However, these studies ignore the effects of a combination of contaminants, and there is a high likelihood that people will be exposed to a mixture of contaminants in daily life. Our previous study showed that co-exposure to formaldehyde (FA) and PM2. Read More

Indian J Med Res 2018 Nov;148(5):539-547

Centre for Promotion of Nutrition Research and Training with special focus on North East, tribal & Inaccessible Population, Division of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (Campus II), Tuberculosis Association of India Building, New Delhi; ICMR-Desert Medicine Research Centre, Jodhpur, India.

The review on fluorosis addresses the genesis of the disease, diagnostic protocols developed, mitigation and recovery through nutritional interventions. It reveals the structural and functional damages caused to skeletal muscle and erythrocytes, leading to clinical manifestations in fluorosis. Hormonal derangements resulting in serious abnormalities in the health of children and adults are discussed. Read More

Biol Trace Elem Res 2019 Jan 21. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Chaoyang Road, Hantai District, Hanzhong, 723000, Shaanxi, China.

Lead has heavy metal toxicity which endangers human and animal health. Salidroside (SDS) is a natural antioxidant that has extensive pharmacological usage. However, its protective effects on lead-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity has not been reported. Read More

J Integr Med 2019 Jan 5. Epub 2019 Jan 5.

Department of Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti 360001, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria.

Objective: This study investigated the ameliorative potential of Zingiber officinale Roscoe extract against lead-induced brain damage in rats.

Methods: Thirty male rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 rats each. Lead-acetate toxicity was induced by intraperitoneal injection (10 mg/kg body weight (b. Read More

Water Res 2019 Apr 2;152:47-60. Epub 2019 Jan 2.

Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.

The assessment of water quality is crucial for safeguarding drinking water resources and ecosystem integrity. To this end, sample preparation and extraction is critically important, especially when investigating emerging contaminants and the toxicity of water samples. As extraction methods are rarely optimised for bioassays but rather adopted from chemical analysis, this may result in a misrepresentation of the actual toxicity. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2019 Jan 16;20(2). Epub 2019 Jan 16.

Siegfried Weller Institute, BG Trauma Clinic, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.

Although human liver tumor cells have reduced metabolic functions as compared to primary human hepatocytes (PHH) they are widely used for pre-screening tests of drug metabolism and toxicity. The aim of the present study was to modify liver cancer cell lines in order to improve their drug-metabolizing activities towards PHH. It is well-known that epigenetics is strongly modified in tumor cells and that epigenetic regulators influence the expression and function of Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes through altering crucial transcription factors responsible for drug-metabolizing enzymes. Read More

J Pers Med 2019 01 11;9(1). Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 1107 2809, Lebanon.

Helicobacter pylori () infection is the strongest recognized risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma. Since previous observations have shown that polymorphisms in innate immune system genes, as well as vitamin D (VitD) levels, could modify the risk of infection with (), we analyzed the relation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in (, , ) , and VitD levels with infection. A case-control study on four hundred sixty Lebanese individuals was conducted. Read More

Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2019 Jan;58(1):60-63

Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.

Objective: This study aims to find the blood lead levels in pregnant women and its association with pre-eclampsia.

Material And Methods: The study included 44 healthy pregnant females and 23 pre-eclamptic women. Demographic data and common risk factors for lead toxicity were recorded including age, residence, occupation, husband occupation, passive smoking, use of cosmetics, kajal, surma, receiving supplements/vitamins, history of house remodelling, plumbing, source of potable water, paint in house, use of lead-glazed ceramic and pica. Read More

Hum Exp Toxicol 2019 Jan 10:960327118817106. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bozok University, Divanliyolu/Yozgat, Turkey.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an endotoxin forms part of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and is responsible for initiating an acute inflammation after entering the living tissue. In this study, male rats were divided into eight groups: control group, vitamin E (VE) treatment group (200 mg/kg body weight (b.w. Read More

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019 Jan 4. Epub 2019 Jan 4.

Department of Neonatology, Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Objective: To evaluate biochemical and clinical effects of two different doses of vitamin D supplementation in preterm infants with late onset sepsis (LOS).

Study Design: A double blinded randomized controlled stratified trial included preterm infants with gestational age (GA) ≥28 weeks with LOS. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive 400 or 800 IU/d of vitamin D3. Read More

World J Clin Oncol 2019 Jan;10(1):1-13

University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States.

Xerostomia, or dry mouth, is a significant problem affecting quality of life in patients treated with radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. Strategies for reduction of xerostomia burden vary widely, with options including: sialagogue medications, saliva substitutes, acupuncture, vitamins, hyperbaric oxygen, submandibular gland transfer, and acupuncture or associated treatments. In this review, we sought to evaluate long-term outcomes of patients treated with various interventions for radiation-induced xerostomia. Read More

J Toxicol Sci 2019 ;44(1):35-45

Laboratory of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, China.

Due to its excellent properties such as ultraviolet obscuration, chemical stability and small particle size, nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO) is widely used, particularly in sunblock products. The skin is therefore a chief route for exposure. Studies have found that oral or respiratory exposure to nano-TiO has an adverse impact on the cardiovascular system. Read More

Chemosphere 2019 Mar 26;218:879-884. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Department of Toxicology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, 38071, Spain.

Algae are becoming increasingly common because of their importance in vegan and vegetarian diets. Although they are a source of essential minerals, vitamins and antioxidants, these marine organisms have a high absorption capacity that can lead to the accumulation of toxic metals which are dangerous in humans. The objective of this study is to determine the content of toxic metals (Al, Cd, Pb and Hg) in edible seaweed samples marketed in Spain (Europe) to assess the toxicological risk from the intake of these metals. Read More

Yakugaku Zasshi 2019 ;139(1):1-6

Department of Food and Chemical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido.

Overconsumption of Ginkgo biloba seeds induces food poisoning characterized by tonic-clonic convulsions and vomiting. The primary toxic component, 4'-O-methylpyridoxine (MPN), was purified from the seeds in 1985. This review includes the following aspects of ginkgo seed poisoning: 1) toxicity related to the content of MPN and MPN glucoside in G. Read More

Nanoscale 2019 Jan;11(3):1286-1294

Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.

Copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) exhibit susceptibility to oxidation in the subnanometer size range. In this work, a facile and green protocol is reported for the successful synthesis of water soluble CuNCs, with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) as a template and ascorbic acid as a mild reducing agent. The as-prepared CuNCs exhibit a green fluorescence and high quantum yield (QY = 44. Read More

Ann Hepatol 2018 Oct;17(6):920-932

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

Malnutrition is prevalent in cirrhosis. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies, including vitamin D, vitamin A, and zinc, are common and have been shown to correlate with survival. Our aim was to review the mechanisms of vitamin D, vitamin A, and zinc deficiencies in cirrhosis and the clinical assessment of affected patients, their outcomes based on the current literature, and management. Read More

J Pharm Sci 2018 Dec 30. Epub 2018 Dec 30.

Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Orotic acid (OA), a heterocyclic compound also known as vitamin B13, has shown potent antimalarial and cardiac protection activities; however, its limited water solubility has posed a barrier to its use in therapeutic approaches. Aiming to overcome this drawback, OA freeze-dried nanocrystal formulations (FA, FB, and FC) were developed by using the high-energy milling method. Polysorbate 80 (FA) and povacoat (FC) were used alone and combined (FB) as stabilizers. Read More

Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2018 Nov;47(6):956-962

Department of Internal Medicine, College of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China.

Objective: To investigate the role of extracellular regulated protein kinase( ERK) pathway activation in the testicular injury induced by dibutyl phthalate( DBP) in KM mice.

Methods: A total of fifty-six male KM mice were randomly divided into 8 groups: control group, 50 mg/( kg·d) DBP group, 50 mg/( kg·d) vitamin E( VE)group, 2 mg/( kg·d) nimodipine( Ni) group, DBP + VE group, DBP + Ni group, Ni +VE group and DBP + Ni + VE group. After consecutive 28 days of treatment, the body weight, testis weight, organ coefficient and sperm density of mice were measured. Read More

Vopr Pitan 2018 18;87(1):63-71. Epub 2017 Dec 18.

Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow.

The article presents the results of the study aimed at confirmation of the effectiveness of the rats' adaptive potential reduction under conditions of cadmium salt toxic effects. The 65-days experiment was conducted in male and female Wistar rats. Animals were divided into 6 groups of 3 control and 3 experimental, 30 males and females in each. Read More

Food Chem 2019 Apr 30;278:795-804. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Laboratory of Biology of Plants and Microorganisms, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Mohammed First, 717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco.

Anisophyllea boehmii is an indigenous and wild species in Burundi. Its fruits are edible and commercialized in local markets. This study investigates chemical quality, composition and toxicity test of A. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Dec 19;11(1). Epub 2018 Dec 19.

Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.

The worldwide increasing prevalence of obesity has led to a corresponding increase in consumption of weight-loss dietary supplements. The limited de novo regulatory oversight and under-reported toxicity profile of these products reflect as a constellation of newer adverse events. We chronicle here the case of an otherwise healthy woman who developed ventricular fibrillation-related cardiac arrest secondary to the use of Hydroxycut and Metaboost preparations. Read More

Semin Radiat Oncol 2019 01;29(1):55-61

Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR.

Despite advances in radiation delivery techniques, side effects of radiation therapy due to radiation exposure of normal tissues are common and can limit the deliverable dose to tumors. Significant interests lie in pharmacologic modifiers that may protect against normal tissue toxicity from cancer treatment while simultaneously enhancing the tumor response to therapy. While no such treatments are available in the clinic, this is an area of active preclinical and clinical research. Read More

Semin Radiat Oncol 2019 01;29(1):25-32

Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Iowa City, IA; Department of Surgery, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA. Electronic address:

Chemoradiation has remained the standard of care treatment for many of the most aggressive cancers. However, despite effective toxicity to cancer cells, current chemoradiation regimens are limited in efficacy due to significant normal cell toxicity. Thus, efforts have been made to identify agents demonstrating selective toxicity, whereby treatments simultaneously sensitize cancer cells to protect normal cells from chemoradiation. Read More

PLoS One 2018 20;13(12):e0208111. Epub 2018 Dec 20.

Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.

Phthalate esters (PAEs) are globally used plasticizers and typical endocrine disruptors that can readily accumulate in agricultural products and represent a substantial risk to human health via the food chain. The range of soil properties has an important influence on the expression of PAE toxicity, and the mechanisms by which soil physical and chemical properties affect the expression of toxicity of target PAEs to plants and microorganisms requires further investigation. Important soil factors affecting the eco-toxicological effects of two typical PAEs, di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in a spiked soil were investigated in the present study. Read More

Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018 Dec 19. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

The Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Excessive micronutrient intake causes a variety of adverse health effects, depending on dose and duration. The risk of excess intake carries significant implications for micronutrient delivery interventions, particularly when such programs are overlapping. To minimize risk and provide public health guidance, several countries and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization have set upper intake levels (ULs) for various life-stage populations using the risk assessment framework. Read More

Mol Med 2018 12 19;24(1):64. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

Functional Unit for Research into Chronic Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220, Madrid, Spain.

Background: The multiple biological effects of vitamin D and its novel activities on inflammation and redox homeostasis have raised high expectations on its use as a therapeutic agent for multiple fibrogenic conditions. We have assessed the therapeutic effects of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D, the biologically active form of vitamin D, in the context of lung fibrosis.

Methods: We have used representative cellular models for alveolar type II cells and human myofibroblasts. Read More

Int J Vet Sci Med 2018 Dec 12;6(2):172-177. Epub 2018 Jul 12.

Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University, PMB 1, Abraka, Nigeria.

The efficacy of against chemical toxicity has attracted attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective potentials of methanol extract (BLME) against petroleum toxicity. Thirty six male albino rats () were redistributed randomly into six groups of six rats each and fed with growers feed for a period of 30 days according to the following description: Group A = Feed; Group B = Feed + 100 mg kg body weight of BLME; Group C = Feed + 200 mg kg body weight of BLME; Group D = Feed (100 g Feed + 4 mL crude petroleum); Group E = Feed (100 g Feed + 4 mL crude petroleum) + 100 mg kg body weight of BLME; Group F = Feed (100 g Feed + 4 mL crude petroleum) + 200 mg kg body weight of BLME. Read More

Hosp Pharm 2018 Dec 21;53(6):393-394. Epub 2018 Feb 21.

Wesley Medical Center, Wichita, KS, USA.

Here, we present the case of a patient who developed a large hematoma under his tongue while taking concomitant warfarin and ivermectin. Ivermectin has been shown to interfere with vitamin K-dependent clotting factors II, V, VII, and X. However, all the data to date have been from in vivo data with little to no reports on its effects on humans. Read More

Toxicol Mech Methods 2018 Dec 18:1-31. Epub 2018 Dec 18.

b Phytomedicine Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry , Afe Babalola University , Ado-Ekiti , Ekiti State , Nigeria.

Exposure to toxic elements is greatly unavoidable in our daily activities due to several routes of coming in contact with these elements. Thus lead, is one of the major causes of health hazard in human. In this study, evaluation of Zingiber officinale as mitigating measure against lead induced biochemical and cytogenic toxicity in albino rats was investigated. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2018 Dec 16;19(12). Epub 2018 Dec 16.

Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain.

B-vitamins are a group of soluble vitamins which are cofactors of some of the enzymes involved in the metabolic pathways of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. These compounds participate in a number of functions as cardiovascular, brain or nervous systems. Folic acid is described as an accessible and multifunctional niche component that can be used safely, even combined with other compounds, which gives it high versatility. Read More

Curr Drug Targets 2018 Dec 16. Epub 2018 Dec 16.

FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro. Brazil.

Vitamin A and its derivatives (retinoids) act as potent regulators in many aspects of mammalian reproduction, development, repair, and maintenance of differentiated tissue functioning. Unlike other vitamins, Vitamin A and retinoids, which have hormonal actions, present significant toxicity, which plays roles in clinically relevant situations, such as hypervitaminosis A and retinoic acid ("differentiation") syndrome. Although clinical presentation is conspicuous in states of insufficient or excessive Vitamin A and retinoid concentration, equally relevant effects on host resistance to specific infectious agents, and in the general maintenance of immune homeostasis, may go unnoticed, because their expression requires either pathogen exposure or the presence of inflammatory co-morbidities. Read More

Front Microbiol 2018 30;9:2937. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Toxicology and Immunology Division, DRDO-BU-Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India.

Fruits are vital portion of healthy diet owed to rich source of vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibers, which are highly favorable in keeping individual fit. Unfortunately, these days, one-third of fruits were infested with fungi and their toxic metabolites called mycotoxins, which is most annoying and pose significant health risk. Therefore, there is a need to suggest appropriate mitigation strategies to overcome the mycotoxins contamination in fruits. Read More

Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019 Feb 12;364:55-67. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 1007 Agriculture & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331; USA; LS Pharma, 884 Park St., Lebanon, OR 97355; USA.

Alternative splicing modulates gene function by creating splice variants with alternate functions or non-coding RNA activity. Naturally occurring variants of nuclear receptor (NR) genes with dominant negative or gain-of-function phenotypes have been documented, but their cellular roles, regulation, and responsiveness to environmental stress or disease remain unevaluated. Informed by observations that class I androgen and estrogen receptor variants display ligand-independent signaling in human cancer tissues, we questioned whether the function of class II NRs, like the vitamin D receptor (VDR), would also respond to alternative splicing regulation. Read More

Appl Environ Microbiol 2019 Feb 6;85(4). Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India

Inappropriate and disproportionate use of antibiotics is contributing immensely to the development of antibiotic resistance in bacterial species associated with food contamination. The use of natural products in combination can be a potent alternative hurdle strategy to inactivate foodborne pathogens. Here, we explored the pro-oxidant properties of essential oil inalool and itamin C in combination with opper (LVC) in combating the foodborne pathogens and subsp. Read More

Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2019 Jan 5;65:60-65. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning, 530021, PR China. Electronic address:

Our previous studies show that vitamin C (VC) plays promising hepatoprotection in mice. Intrahepatic exposure of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) can induce dose-dependent cytotoxicity. However, pharmacology-based assessment of VC on PFOS remains uninvestigated. Read More

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019 Feb 13;26(4):3909-3920. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, PK-46300, Pakistan.

Cadmium and mercury are among the most toxic and dangerous environmental pollutants that may cause fatal implications. Vitamin C is an important chain-breaking antioxidant and enzyme co-factor against heavy metals. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the toxicological effects of cadmium chloride, mercuric chloride, and their co-administration on biochemical parameters of blood serum and metal bioaccumulation in kidneys and also to elucidate the protective effect of vitamin C in rabbits against these metals. Read More

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Pediatric Hemato-Oncology.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most frequent malignancies in childhood whose long-term survival has increased up to 80% thanks to modern therapy enhancements. Nevertheless, methotrexate (MTX) remains a mainstay of ALL therapy, but also represents one of the major causes of neurotoxicity in patients with ALL. MTX-induced toxicity occurs in about 9% of patients treated for ALL. Read More