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Wilderness Environ Med 2019 Apr 12. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.

Introduction: South Africa has an abundance of marine life, and the potential for hazardous exposure to marine life is high. To our knowledge, this is the first epidemiological review regarding marine toxicity that has ever been conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this review was to investigate marine toxicology data as managed telephonically by the Tygerberg Poisons Information Centre. Read More

ACS Chem Biol 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

United States Food and Drug Administration , College Park , Maryland 20740 , United States.

Small molecules that bind to voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are promising leads in the treatment of numerous neurodegenerative diseases and pain. Nature is a highly skilled medicinal chemist in this regard, designing potent VGSC ligands capable of binding to and blocking the channel, thereby offering compounds of potential therapeutic interest. Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), produced by cyanobacteria and marine dinoflagellates, are examples of these naturally occurring small molecule VGSC blockers that can potentially be leveraged to solve human health concerns. Read More

Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019 Apr 11:1-38. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

b Faculty of Management, Science & Technology, Department of Science , Open University of the Netherlands , Heerlen , The Netherlands.

Microplastics have become ubiquitous in the marine environment. Microplastics have been detected in many coastal environments and species, including commercial seafood. This triggers concern about potential economic impacts and the risks of dietary exposure, especially for coastal communities. Read More

Toxins (Basel) 2019 Apr 8;11(4). Epub 2019 Apr 8.

College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.

The dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum (A. minutum) which can produce paralyticshellfish toxins (PSTs) is often used as a model to study the migration, biotransformation,accumulation, and removal of PSTs. However, the mechanism is still unclear. Read More

Toxins (Basel) 2019 Mar 29;11(4). Epub 2019 Mar 29.

Laboratory for the Quality Control of Fishery Resources, Agency for the Management of Agriculture and Fisheries of Andalusia, Ministry for Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development, Regional Government of Andalusia, Andalusia 21459, Spain.

In Andalusia, the official monitoring program for toxic phytoplankton and marine biotoxins was launched in 1994 to comply with European legislation. Since then, there have been numerous episodes of DST (Diarrhetic shellfish toxins) associated with the proliferation of species. This article reviews two decades of time series data and assesses the effectiveness of the program established. Read More

Toxins (Basel) 2019 Mar 29;11(4). Epub 2019 Mar 29.

Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (Xunta de Galicia), Apto. 13, 36620 Vilanova de Arousa, Pontevedra, Spain.

In late February 2016, a harmful algal bloom (HAB) of was detected in southern Chiloé, leading to the banning of shellfish harvesting in an extended geographical area (~500 km). On April 24, 2016, this bloom produced a massive beaching (an accumulation on the beach surface of dead or impaired organisms which were drifted ashore) of surf clams in Cucao Bay, Chiloé. To determine the effect of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in , samples were taken from Cucao during the third massive beaching detected on May 3, 2016. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019 Mar 27;89:170-178. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China. Electronic address:

Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prx6) is an important member of the peroxiredoxin family that plays critical roles in protecting host against the toxicity of oxidative stress and participates in cell signaling. Herein, we report Prx6 gene from red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. The cDNA fragment of PcPrx6 was 660 bp, encoding a 219 amino acid residues protein. Read More

Harmful Algae 2019 Feb 11;82:52-71. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

FCT - University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal; NILU-IMPEC, Box 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway.

The study region in Sagres, SW Portugal, is subject to natural eutrophication of coastal waters by wind-driven upwelling, which stimulates high primary productivity facilitating the recent economic expansion of bivalve aquaculture in the region. However, this economic activity is threatened by harmful algal blooms (HAB) caused by the diatoms Pseudo-nitzschia spp., Dinophysis spp. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2019 May 3;664:1095-1106. Epub 2019 Feb 3.

Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, FCT-UNL, 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal.

Temporal and spatial trends of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in bivalves from Portuguese estuarine and coastal waters, and connectivity of bivalve toxicity among the harvest areas, were examined using long-term data from the national biotoxin monitoring programme. Data from 1994 to 2017 were chosen for commercial bivalve species sensitive to PSTs, and for production areas exhibiting recurrent episodes of bivalve toxicity. Mussels (Mytilus spp. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019 May 16;88:528-539. Epub 2019 Mar 16.

Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China. Electronic address:

The high concentration of ammonia resulting from intensive culture system and environmental pollution could cause disease occurrence in shrimp, but little information is available on its molecular mechanisms. In this study, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis among WSSV-infected shrimp under ammonia stress (LAV), WSSV-infected shrimp under normal water (LV), and normal shrimp under ammonia stress (LA) groups to identify the key genes and pathways involved in immunosuppression and increasing pathogen infection severity caused by ammonia toxicity in Litopenaeus vannamei. Totally, 526 significantly differential expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in LAV group compared to LV and LA groups, among which 270 genes were lost expressed and 67 genes uniquely expressed in the LAV group. Read More

Aquat Toxicol 2019 May 8;210:251-261. Epub 2019 Mar 8.

School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.

The dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum produces toxic compounds, including paralytic shellfish toxins, but also some unknown extracellular toxins. Although copper (Cu) is an essential element, it can impair microalgal physiology and increase their toxic potency. This study investigated the effect of different concentrations of dissolved Cu (7 nM, 79 nM and 164 nM) on A. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019 May 4;88:308-317. Epub 2019 Mar 4.

Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; EPF Lausanne, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland. Electronic address:

The fish intestine comprises an important environment-organism interface that is vital to fish growth, health and pathogen defense. Yet, knowledge about the physiology and defense mechanisms toward environmental stressors, such as bacterial or viral cues, is limited and depends largely on in vivo experiments with fish. On this background, we here explore the immune competence of a recently established in vitro intestinal barrier model based on the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) intestinal epithelial cell line, RTgutGC. Read More

Neurotoxicology 2019 Feb 28. Epub 2019 Feb 28.

Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Center on Human Development and Disability, Seattle, WA, USA; Infant Primate Research Laboratory, Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.

Domoic acid (DA) is an excitatory neurotoxin produced by marine algae and responsible for Amnesiac Shellfish Poisoning in humans. Current regulatory limits (˜0.075-0. Read More

Mar Pollut Bull 2019 Mar 7;140:388-394. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.

Heavy metal pollution is a serious environmental problem. Up to date, research regarding distribution, accumulation and potential risk assessment of metals in aquatic organisms in Laizhou Bay, China is scarce. This study aims to investigate metals in aquatic organisms in this region. Read More

Toxicon 2019 Apr 21;161:23-27. Epub 2019 Feb 21.

Physical and Chemical Analysis Department, Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou, 350001, PR China.

The presence of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP), tetrodotoxin (TTX) and its analogues (11-oxoTTX, 4.9-anhydro-11-oxoTTX, 4.9-anhydroTTX, 5-deoxyTTX, 5. Read More

Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019 Mar 6;36(3):464-482. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

b Laboratory of Marine Toxins, Physiology and Biophysics Programme, Faculty of Medicine , University of Chile , Santiago , Chile.

Okadaic acid group (OA-group) is a set of lipophilic toxins which are characterised by being produced by species associated with the genera Dinophysis and Prorocentrum. OA-group has been regularly detected in endemic shellfish species from the southern zone of Chile only through the mouse bioassay. The purpose of this work was to determine the variability of OA-group toxins in endemic aquatic organisms (bivalves, crabs, gastropods and fish) and to establish the relationship with the concentration of fatty acids (FAs) detected in the evaluated species. Read More

Toxins (Basel) 2019 Jan 22;11(2). Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Marine Environment and Food Safety, Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, H91 R673 Galway, Ireland.

The purpose of this work is to review all the historical monitoring data gathered by the Marine Institute, the national reference laboratory for marine biotoxins in Ireland, including all the biological and chemical data from 2005 to 2017, in relation to diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxicity in shellfish production. The data reviewed comprises over 25,595 water samples, which were preserved in Lugol's iodine and analysed for the abundance and composition of marine microalgae by light microscopy, and 18,166 records of shellfish flesh samples, which were analysed using LC-MS/MS for the presence and concentration of the compounds okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxins-1 (DTX-1), dinophysistoxins-2 (DTX-2) and their hydrolysed esters, as well as pectenotoxins (PTXs). The results of this review suggest that DSP toxicity events around the coast of Ireland occur annually. Read More

Toxins (Basel) 2019 Jan 21;11(1). Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA.

The physiological and toxicological characteristics of have been increasingly studied in an attempt to better understand and predict diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) events worldwide. Recent work has identified prey quantity, organic nitrogen, and ammonium as likely contributors to increased growth rates and/or toxicity. Further research is now needed to better understand the interplay between these factors, for example, how inorganic and organic compounds interact with prey and a variety of species and/or strains. Read More

Toxins (Basel) 2019 Jan 15;11(1). Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.

Butterfield Lake is a mesotrophic lake in New York State where residents and pets have experienced unexplained health issues. (basionym ) was found at two of 15 sites in Butterfield Lake and analyzed for microcystins, anatoxins, cylindrospermopsins, and paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins (PSTs). Only PSTs and trace levels of anatoxin-a were detected in these samples. Read More

Aquat Toxicol 2019 Mar 9;208:98-108. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. Electronic address:

Harmful algal blooms (HAB), heavily influenced by human activities, pose serious hazard to aquatic ecology and human health. In this study, we monitored the physiological responses and paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins (PSTs) of the toxin-producing HAB species Alexandrium tamarense under titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO) exposure in the concentration range of 2-320 mg L over a period of 13 days. The results showed the acute inhibition of TiO on the algal growth, photosynthetic efficiency and esterase activity at all concentrations except 2 mg L. Read More

Toxicon 2019 Mar 11;160:1-7. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China. Electronic address:

Okadaic acid (OA), a potent polyether marine toxin, accumulates in the digestive glands of marine mollusks and therefore can severely threaten the health of humans after ingestion of contaminated shellfish. In vivo and in vitro studies have revealed that exposure of various cells, including human embryonic amniotic cells, hepatocytes, neuroblastoma cells, to OA induces morphological and functional modifications as well as the death of cells. As the number of reports on OA poisoning has increased, this toxin has gradually attracted the public's attention, and researchers are trying to study it. Read More

Environ Pollut 2019 Mar 27;246:827-836. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France. Electronic address:

Harmful algal blooms are a threat to aquatic organisms and coastal ecosystems. Among harmful species, the widespread distributed genus Alexandrium is of global importance. This genus is well-known for the synthesis of paralytic shellfish toxins which are toxic for humans through the consumption of contaminated shellfish. Read More

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019 Mar 8;26(7):6460-6471. Epub 2019 Jan 8.

Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.

Dissolved sulfide, iron (Fe), and phosphorus (P) in a mudflat (Jiaozhou Bay, China) impacted by shellfish aquaculture were measured in situ by the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique. A combination of porewater and solid-phase chemistry was used to characterize the interplays of Fe and S, and their control on P mobilization. Below the subsurface layer, two times higher fluxes (F) of dissolved Fe from porewater to the DGT device than those of dissolved sulfide indicate that dissimilatory iron reduction (DIR) dominates over sulfate reduction (SR). Read More

Biosens Bioelectron 2019 Mar 26;128:45-51. Epub 2018 Dec 26.

Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China. Electronic address:

Saxitoxin (STX) has high toxicity, and is water soluble, acid stable and thermostable. Therefore, STX in seawater can be accumulated by marine organism to form bioaccumulation. To ensure the safety of seafood for consumption, it is crucial to accurately determine trace STX in seawater and seafood. Read More

Front Microbiol 2018 18;9:3153. Epub 2018 Dec 18.

Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Paralytic shellfish toxin producing dinoflagellates have negatively impacted the shellfish aquaculture industry worldwide, including in Australia and New Zealand. Morphologically identical cryptic species of dinoflagellates that may differ in toxicity, in particular, species of the former species complex, co-occur in Australia, as they do in multiple regions in Asia and Europe. To understand the dynamics and the ecological drivers of the growth of each species in the field, accurate quantification at the species level is crucial. Read More

Neurotoxicol Teratol 2019 Mar - Apr;72:10-21. Epub 2019 Jan 5.

Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Domoic Acid (DA) is a naturally-occurring excitotoxin, produced by marine algae, which can bioaccumulate in shellfish and finfish. The consumption of seafood contaminated with DA is associated with gastrointestinal illness that, in the case of high DA exposure, can evolve into a spectrum of responses ranging from agitation to hallucinations, memory loss, seizures and coma. Because algal blooms that produce DA are becoming more widespread and very little is known about the dangers of chronic, low-dose exposure, we initiated a preclinical study focused on the reproductive and developmental effects of DA in a nonhuman primate model. Read More

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019 Feb 3;26(5):5189-5201. Epub 2019 Jan 3.

Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.

This study was conducted to assess the proximate analysis (protein, carbohydrate, lipid, and moisture content) and concentration levels of metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Cr) in the muscles of selected shellfish (Portunus reticulatus, P. segnis, P. sanguinolentus, Scylla olivaceae, Penaeus monodon, and P. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019 Mar 30;86:1162-1168. Epub 2018 Dec 30.

CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China. Electronic address:

Both wild and aquacultured seahorses are currently under great threat from marine pollution, notably from the potent contaminant and carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). However, very little data are available regarding the immunomodulating effects of BaP in seahorses. Therefore, in this study, we exposed lined seahorses (Hippocampus erectus) for 7 d to BaP at three dosages (0. Read More

Vopr Pitan 2018 11;87(3):18-29. Epub 2018 May 11.

Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow.

Yessotoxin and its derivatives (about 90) are isolated from algae belonging to the species Protoceratium reticulatum, Gonyaulax cf. Spinifera, Lingulodinium polyedrum and from invertebrate organisms that feed on these algae. Previously yessotoxin have been associated with the group of diarrheal toxins. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019 Apr 24;87:43-50. Epub 2018 Dec 24.

School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China. Electronic address:

Because of the high protein content and rich meat quality of crayfish Procambarus clarkii, it has become widely popular in China in recent years and has a high economic value. When P. clarkii is stimulated by heavy metals, it reacts to oxidation. Read More

Mar Drugs 2018 Dec 12;16(12). Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Rikilt Wageningen and Research, 6708WB Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Marine biotoxins in fish and shellfish can cause several symptoms in consumers, such as diarrhea, amnesia, or even death by paralysis. Monitoring programs are in place for testing shellfish on a regular basis. In some countries testing is performed using the so-called mouse bioassay, an assay that faces ethical concerns not only because of animal distress, but also because it lacks specificity and results in high amounts of false positives. Read More

Harmful Algae 2018 Dec 23;80:158-170. Epub 2018 Nov 23.

Queensland Department of Environment and Science, GPO Box 5078 Brisbane Qld 4001, Australia.

Strains of the freshwater filamentous, benthic cyanobacterium Scytonema crispum Agardh isolated from six sites in subtropical south-east Queensland were characterised using a combination of phenotypic and genetic traits. Morphologically, the strains were consistent with the description of Scytonemataceae sensu stricto, and the description of Scytonema crispum. However, phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, the 16S-23S rRNA operon, and the nifH gene revealed that these strains and three others from outside Australia formed a monophyletic clade distinct from Scytonema and other species in the Scytonemataceae. Read More

Harmful Algae 2018 Dec 20;80:140-148. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, ULR Ancona, Ancona, Italy.

The benthic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum hoffmannianum M.A. Faust is typical of tropical warm waters and produces biotoxins responsible for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). Read More

Harmful Algae 2018 Dec 7;80:1-14. Epub 2018 Sep 7.

Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.

In contrast to temperate Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs), knowledge on the mechanisms driving tropical HABs are less well studied. The interaction of a seasonal temperature window, cysts (for certain species) and large-scale transport are some of the key processes in temperate HABs. In the Philippines, HABs occur not along long open coastlines, but in embayments that are highly influenced by run-off and stratification. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019 Mar 28;86:420-428. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Chemistry of Natural Products Laboratory, Biotechnology and Biochemistry Department, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Gto., Mexico.

Chenopodium ambrosioides L. has been used for centuries as traditional medicine in many clinical situations. The objectives of this study were first to assess the nutraceutical potential of C. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019 Mar 2;86:549-558. Epub 2018 Dec 2.

College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China. Electronic address:

Clethodim is one of the most widely used herbicides in agriculture, but its potential negative effects on aquatic organisms are still poorly understood. This study examined the effects of clethodim on zebrafish at aspects of early stage embryonic development, immune toxicity, cell apoptosis and locomotor behavior. Firstly, clethodim exposure markedly decreased the survival rate, body length, and heart rate and resulted in a series of morphological abnormalities, primarily spinal deformities (SD) and yolk sac edema, in zebrafish larvae. Read More

J Environ Sci (China) 2019 Jan 23;75:145-162. Epub 2018 Mar 23.

Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. Electronic address:

Microbial transformations of toxic monomethylmercury (MMHg) and dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) at the lower levels of the marine food web are not well understood, especially in oligotrophic and phosphorus-limited seas. To examine the effects of probable phosphorus limitation (P-limitation) on relations between mercury (Hg) fractions and microorganisms, we determined the total mercury (THg), total methylated mercury (MeHg), DGM, and microbiological and chemical parameters in the Central Adriatic Sea. Using statistical analysis, we assessed the potential microbial effects on Hg transformations and bioaccumulation. Read More

Toxicon 2019 Feb 22;158:1-7. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand. Electronic address:

To date Paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) variants in cyanobacteria have primarily been characterized using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection. In this study we re-evaluated the PST profiles of five cyanobacterial cultures (Dolichospermum circinale AWQC131C, Aphanizomenon sp. NH-5, Raphidiopsis raciborskii T3, Scytonema cf. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2019 Feb 6;651(Pt 2):3222-3229. Epub 2018 Oct 6.

Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Electronic address:

Paralytic shellfish Toxins (PSTs) or saxitoxins are neurotoxins that block the neural transmission by binding to the voltage-gated sodium channels in the nerve cells. There are >50 analogues described, which could be biotransformed into a molecular form of greater or lesser toxicity. The Alagados Reservoir is used for water supply, and persistent cyanobacterial blooms as well as PSTs concentrations have been found in this water body since 2002. Read More

Water Sci Technol 2018 Nov;78(7):1576-1586

Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, 1235 Prof. Moraes Rego Avenue, Cidade Universitária, Recife, 50670-901, PE, Brazil E-mail:

Malacoculture waste (Anomalocardia brasiliana) shellfish shells (ABSS) were evaluated as adsorbents of Nylosan Brilliant Blue (NBB) acid dye. The ABSS were thermally activated at 1,000 °C for 10 h and then characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, analysis of specific surface area (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy. Point of zero charge (PZC) analysis of ABSS verified pH 13. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019 Jan 25;84:656-663. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, PR China. Electronic address:

Previous research has indicated that the small compound, SP600125, could induce polyploidy of fish cells, and has established a stable tetraploid cell line from diploid fish cells. In order to explore how fish cells maintain homeostasis under SP600125-stress in vitro, this study investigates impacts of SP600125-stress on intracellular pathways, as well as on regulation of the cellular homeostasis feedback in fish cells. Transcriptomes are obtained from the SP600125-treated cells. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019 Jan 31;84:894-905. Epub 2018 Oct 31.

Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China. Electronic address:

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many liver diseases in fish, but the molecular mechanism is still obscure. Here, we used hydrogen peroxide (HO) as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce liver injury and assess underlying molecular mechanism linking oxidative stress and liver injury in fish. Tilapia were injected with various concentrations of HO (0, 40, 120, 200, 300 and 400 mM) for 72 h. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019 Jan 24;84:756-767. Epub 2018 Oct 24.

Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S, 23090, Mexico. Electronic address:

Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) stimulate immune responses in mammals but they have not been tested in species of relevance in aquaculture. In this study the immunostimulant and protective potential of orally administered AuNP against V. parahaemolyticus, the causative agent of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease, was determined in shrimp. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019 Jan 23;84:648-655. Epub 2018 Oct 23.

College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China. Electronic address:

Copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) are a new pollutant in aquaculture, representing a hazard to aquatic organisms. We investigated the effects of Cu NPs exposure on oxidative stress, apoptosis and immune response in an economically important model species, Takifugu fasciatus. The juvenile fish were exposed to control, 20 or 100 μg Cu NPs/L for 30 days. Read More

Toxins (Basel) 2018 Oct 23;10(11). Epub 2018 Oct 23.

Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand.

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin associated with human poisonings through the consumption of pufferfish. More recently, TTX has been identified in bivalve molluscs from diverse geographical environments, including Europe, and is therefore recognised as an emerging threat to food safety. A recent scientific opinion of the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain recognised the need for further data on the acute oral toxicity of TTX and suggested that, since saxitoxin (STX) and TTX had similar modes of action, it was possible that their toxicities were additive so could perhaps be combined to yield one health-based guideline value. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019 Jan 23;84:1030-1040. Epub 2018 Oct 23.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Proteins with dithiol-disulfide oxidoreductase catalytic domain are well known for their capacity in the cellular redox homeostasis. In this study, we characterized the zebrafish thioredoxin domain containing 12 (Zftxndc12) gene, analyzed the transcriptional responses and studied the functional properties of its recombinant protein. Full-length cDNA of Zftxndc12 consists 519 bp coding region encoding 172 amino acids (AA) including the signal peptide. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019 Jan 19;84:627-638. Epub 2018 Oct 19.

College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China. Electronic address:

The present study aimed to determine the chronic toxicity of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide ([Cmim]Br) on the silver carp to further reveal the toxicological mechanisms of ionic liquids. Chronic exposure of silver carp to [Cmim]Br at concentrations of 1.095 and 4. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019 Jan 16;84:470-484. Epub 2018 Oct 16.

Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China. Electronic address:

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most common mycotoxins in animal feed worldwide and causes significant threats to the animal production. The intestine is an important mucosal immune organ in teleost, and it is also the first target for feed-borne toxicants in animal. However, studies concerning the effect of DON on fish intestine are scarce. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019 Jan 9;84:551-557. Epub 2018 Oct 9.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China. Electronic address:

Due to the excessive pursuit of crop yields and the abuse of herbicides, water pollution caused by atrazine (ATR) has become one of the most severe environmental issues threatening the health of fish and aquatic animals. However, no detailed report has been conducted on the mechanisms of ATR immunotoxicity in fish neutrophils. To investigate these mechanism, we exposed peripheral blood neutrophils to 25 μg/ml atrazine for 1, 2, and 3 h. Read More

Mar Pollut Bull 2018 Oct 6;135:69-74. Epub 2018 Jul 6.

Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Vibrio parahaemolyticus, found frequently in oysters and other seafoods, is the most prevalent gastroenteritis-causing pathogen in Korea and other Asian countries. It is associated exclusively with the consumption of raw or improperly cooked contaminated seafood, especially oysters. In this study, we isolated and characterized 59 V. Read More