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Foods 2020 May 27;9(6). Epub 2020 May 27.

Faculty of Engineering, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165, Koen-cho, Kitami, Hokkaido 090-8507, Japan.

Internal organs of discarded scallops are rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, but it is not used as a food ingredient due to the presence of toxic substances. Recently, our research team prepared high-quality scallop oil (SCO) from the internal organs of the Japanese giant scallop (), in which cadmium and diarrhetic shellfish toxin are below regulated levels. In this study, SCO was prepared from the internal organs of scallops obtained from Mutsu and Uchiura bays in Japan, and was referred to as SCO-M (scallop oil from Mutsu bay) and SCO-U (scallop oil from Uchiura bay), respectively. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020 May 26. Epub 2020 May 26.

Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt. Electronic address:

The role of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) in reducing the adverse effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) toxicity in tilapia was evaluated in the present study. Fish were allotted into four groups and fed the basal diet or MOS and exposed to CPF (control, CPF, MOS, and MOS/CPF) for 30 days. Fish fed MOS revealed higher growth and survival rates and lower FCR than CPF-intoxicated fish (P < 0. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020 May 24;103:357-365. Epub 2020 May 24.

Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

Immune escape is a common feature of bacteria, viruses, parasites and even cancer cells. Our earlier work on an integrative and conjugative element (ICEr2) of Yersinia ruckeri SC09 demonstrated contributory roles of stir-1, stir-2 and stir-3 in bacterial toxicity and ability to code for immune evasion. Here, we further examined the ability of stir-4 in ICE (r2) and its encoded STIR-4 protein to mediate immune evasion using comparative genomic analysis. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020 May 22. Epub 2020 May 22.

Laboratório de Bioquímica Functional de Organismos Aquáticos - BIFOA. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande - FURG, Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Em Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. Electronic address:

This study evaluated the effect of dietary inclusion of lyophilized açaí Euterpe oleracea (LEO) on redox status of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (initial weight 1.5 ± 0.39 g) upon exposure to cyanotoxin nodularin (NOD) in bioflocs system. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020 May 11;102:489-498. Epub 2020 May 11.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, China. Electronic address:

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial raw material widely used in water bottles, medical devices and food packaging, and is now ubiquitous in the environment. However, the effects of BPA on the toxicity of fish lymphocytes and the roles of microRNA (miRNA) in this process remain poorly understood. To explore the mechanism, we exposed carp spleen lymphocytes to BPA of 1, 5 and 10 nM for 24 h. Read More

Toxicon 2020 May 16. Epub 2020 May 16.

College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China; Key Laboratory for Biochemical Engineering of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266042, China. Electronic address:

This study evaluated the performance of an easy-cultivation device for the mass culture of Alexandrium minutum (A. minutum), a dinoflagellate that produces paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs). Five culture conditions including three different sizes of containers (250 mL conical flask, 500 mL beaker, and 20 L jar) in two different environments (out-incubator and incubator) were compared in terms of growth and PSTs production. Read More

Toxins (Basel) 2020 May 9;12(5). Epub 2020 May 9.

Laboratorio de Farmacología, Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain.

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent natural toxin causative of human food intoxications that shares its mechanism of action with the paralytic shellfish toxin saxitoxin (STX). Both toxins act as potent blockers of voltage-gated sodium channels. Although human intoxications by TTX were initially described in Japan, nowadays increasing concern about the regulation of this toxin in Europe has emerged due to its detection in fish and mollusks captured in European waters. Read More

Food Chem Toxicol 2020 May 4;141:111386. Epub 2020 May 4.

IRTA, Programa d'Aigües Marines i Continentals, Ctra. De Poble Nou km 5,5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Rápita, Tarragona, Spain. Electronic address:

Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) episodes cause important economic impacts due to closure of shellfish production areas in order to protect human health. These closures, if are frequent and persistent, can seriously affect shellfish producers and the seafood industry, among others. In this study, we have developed an alternative processing method for bivalves with PSP content above the legal limit, which allows reducing toxicity to acceptable levels. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020 May 4;102:422-429. Epub 2020 May 4.

Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Atagneed Street, 44519, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

The toxic effect of deltamethrin (DM) was documented in aquaculture. There is no obtainable data on the effect of Chlorella vulgaris against DM toxicity. The current study focused on the effect of dietary supplementation with C. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020 May 1;102:316-325. Epub 2020 May 1.

Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is one of the predominant water pollutants associated with inflammation and immunodepression in aquatic animals. In this study, menthol oil (MNT) impacted the immunity, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory responses against CPF toxicity in Nile tilapia. Fish fed two diets with or without MNT and placed in four groups (control, CPF, MNT, and CPF/MNT). Read More

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020 Apr 25;198:110670. Epub 2020 Apr 25.

College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, China. Electronic address:

With the extensive application of nanotechnology, metal nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely used, thus are universally detected in the environment. This has caused increasingly concerns due to their toxicity and the potential health risks they pose to humans. In this work, the concentrations and particle size distributions of MNPs and concentrations of associated metal ionic species in shellfish seafood (clams and oysters) were investigated using single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (sp-ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020 Apr 21;102:195-202. Epub 2020 Apr 21.

School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China. Electronic address:

Ammonia is toxic to fishes. Different fish have different defense strategies against ammonia, so the mechanism of ammonia poisoning is different. In this study, yellow catfish were exposed to three levels of ammonia (0, 5. Read More

Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020 Apr 12:106824. Epub 2020 Apr 12.

Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address:

Raphidiopsis (Cylindrospermopsis) raciborskii, a globally distributed bloom-forming cyanobacterium, produces either the cytotoxin cylindrospermopsin (CYL) in Oceania, Asia and Europe or the neurotoxin saxitoxin (STX) and analogues (paralytic shellfish poison, PSP) in South America (encoded by sxt genetic cluster) and none of them in Africa. Nevertheless, this particular geographic pattern is usually overlooked in current hypotheses about the species dispersal routes. Here, we combined genomics, phylogenetic analyses, toxicity data and a literature survey to unveil the evolutionary history and spread of the species. Read More

Mutat Res 2020 04 10;852:503169. Epub 2020 Mar 10.

Anses, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Fougeres Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminant Unit, 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat, Fougères, 35306, France. Electronic address:

The phycotoxins, okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxins 1 and 2 (DTX-1 and -2), are protein phosphatase PP2A and PP1 inhibitors involved in diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) in humans. Data on the in vivo acute toxicity of the OA-group toxins show some differences and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has determined toxicity equivalent factors (TEFs) of one for the reference toxin, OA, as well as for DTX-1 and 0.6 for DTX-2. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020 Jun 3;101:198-204. Epub 2020 Apr 3.

Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.

Ammonia is toxic to most bony fishes. However, little information is available on the toxicology mechanisms induced by ammonia and the means to mitigate the effects by various fishes. In this study, four groups of experiments were designed and carried out to test the response of dolly varden char to ammonia toxicity and their mitigation through methionine sulfoximine (MSO). Read More

Toxicon 2020 Jun 1;180:1-10. Epub 2020 Apr 1.

Mitochondrial and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers, France.

Pinnatoxins (PnTXs) are a group of emerging marine biotoxins produced by the benthic dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum, currently not regulated in Europe or in any other country in the world. In France, PnTXs were detected for the first time in 2011, in mussels from the Ingril lagoon (South of France, Mediterranean coast). Since then, analyses carried out in mussels from this lagoon have shown high concentrations of PnTXs for several months each year. Read More

Toxins (Basel) 2020 Apr 1;12(4). Epub 2020 Apr 1.

Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Eutrophication has played a major role in the worldwide increase of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Higher input of key nutrients, such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), can stimulate the growth of harmful algal species in freshwater, estuarine, and coastal marine ecosystems. Some HAB-forming taxa, particularly several cyanobacteria and dinoflagellate species, are harmful through the production of N-rich toxins that have detrimental effects on the environment and human health. Read More

PLoS One 2020 9;15(3):e0230176. Epub 2020 Mar 9.

Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark.

Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning toxins (DST) are a severe health risk to shellfish consumers and can be a major problem for the shellfish industry. Bivalve molluscs can accumulate DST via ingestion of toxic dinoflagellates like Dinophysis spp., which are the most prominent producers of DST. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020 May 5;100:152-160. Epub 2020 Mar 5.

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China. Electronic address:

Bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), could pose a great toxicity risk to aquatic organisms. The present study aimed to evaluate the underlying role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in BPA-induced immunotoxicity in head kidney (HK) macrophages of the red common carp (Cyprinus carpio), using lncRNA-RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). In BPA-exposed HK macrophages group, 2,095 and 1,138 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs) and lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) were obtained, respectively, compared with controls. Read More

Harmful Algae 2020 Feb 15;92:101744. Epub 2020 Feb 15.

Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France. Electronic address:

The dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium comprises species that produce highly potent neurotoxins known as paralytic shellfish toxins (PST), and bioactive extracellular compounds (BEC) of unknown structure and ecological significance. The toxic bloom-forming species, Alexandrium minutum, is distributed worldwide and adversely affects many bivalves including the commercially and ecologically important Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. In France, recurrent A. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020 Apr 24;99:578-586. Epub 2020 Feb 24.

Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Animal Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address:

Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) reassortant strains RGNNV/SJNNV have emerged as a potent threat to the Mediterranean marine aquaculture industry, causing viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). In this study, a cheap and practical vaccine strategy using bacterial inclusion bodies made of the coat protein of a virulent reassortant strain of this betanodavirus was devised. The nanostructured recombinant protein nanoparticles, VNNV-C, were administered without adjuvant to two groups of juvenile sole, one by intraperitoneal injection and the other by oral intubation. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020 Apr 22;99:514-525. Epub 2020 Feb 22.

State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China. Electronic address:

Ammonia is one of the major pollutants associated with the main river basins due to ammonification of uneaten food and animal excretion, which usually brings detrimental health effects to aquatic invertebrate. However, the mechanisms of ammonia toxicity in aquatic invertebrate have rarely been reported. In this study, C. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020 Apr 19;99:424-434. Epub 2020 Feb 19.

Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

Virulent pathogenic microorganisms often enhance their infectivity through immune evasion mechanisms. Our research on the integrative and conjugative element (ICE(r2)) of the virulent fish pathogen Yersinia ruckeri SC09 led to the identification of genes related to immune evasion (designated stir-1, stir-2, stir-3 and stir-4), among which stir-1 and stir-2 were determined as the key contributors to bacterial toxicity and immune evasion. Here, we further examined the ability of stir-3 to mediate immune evasion based on detailed bioinformatic analysis of ICE(r2) from Y. Read More

Harmful Algae 2020 Jan 3;91:101591. Epub 2019 May 3.

Estuary & Ocean Science Center, Romberg Tiburon Campus, San Francisco State University, 3150 Paradise Dr., Tiburon, CA 94920, USA.

Time series now have sufficient duration to determine harmful algal bloom (HAB) responses to changing climate conditions, including warming, stratification intensity, freshwater inputs and natural patterns of climate variability, such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Against the context of time series, such as those available from phytoplankton monitoring, dinoflagellate cyst records, the Continuous Plankton Recorder surveys, and shellfish toxin records, it is possible to identify extreme events that are significant departures from long-term means. Extreme weather events can mimic future climate conditions and provide a "dress rehearsal" for understanding future frequency, intensity and geographic extent of HABs. Read More

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020 Apr 9;192:110265. Epub 2020 Feb 9.

Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, China. Electronic address:

Diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins are produced by harmful microalgae and accumulate in bivalve mollusks, causing various toxicity. These toxic effects appear to abate with increasing DSP concentration and longer exposure time, however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, de novo transcriptome analysis of the digestive gland of Perna viridis was performed after Prorocentrum lima exposure. Read More

Toxins (Basel) 2020 Jan 28;12(2). Epub 2020 Jan 28.

Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 6, 34127 Trieste, Italy.

Pinnatoxin G (PnTx-G) is a marine cyclic imine toxin produced by the dinoflagellate , frequently detected in edible shellfish from Ingril Lagoon (France). As other pinnatoxins, to date, no human poisonings ascribed to consumption of PnTx-G contaminated seafood have been reported, despite its potent antagonism at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and its high and fast-acting toxicity after intraperitoneal or oral administration in mice. The hazard characterization of PnTx-G by oral exposure is limited to a single acute toxicity study recording lethality and clinical signs in non-fasted mice treated by gavage or through voluntary food ingestion, which showed differences in PnTx-G toxic potency. Read More

Chemosphere 2020 Jun 22;248:125974. Epub 2020 Jan 22.

College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, People's Republic of China. Electronic address:

Clam farming comprises an important part of China's economy. However, increasing pollution in the ocean caused by toxic metals has led to the bioaccumulation of toxic metals in marine animals, especially the bivalves such as clams, and the consequence of heavy metal-associated toxicity in these animals. Such toxicity can enhance the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the tissues of the animals. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020 Mar 27;98:466-476. Epub 2020 Jan 27.

College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China. Electronic address:

Copper (Cu) is an essential element in the metabolic process of humans and animals, but it can cause toxicity at high concentrations of exposure. Bioflocs has been proved to have antioxidant, immune-enhancing and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, the purpose of this study was to evaluate potential mechanisms and protective effects of bioflocs and Cu exposure on inflammatory response, oxidative stress and immune-related genes and protein expression in Rhynchocypris lagowski Dybowski. Read More

Toxicon 2020 Jan 24;174:48-56. Epub 2019 Dec 24.

Veterinary Public Health Institute of Sardinia - Lab. Control of Animal Origin Food, Via Ducda degli Abruzzi 8, 07100, Sassari, Italy.

Paralytic shellfish poisoning is a human intoxication syndrome associated with the consumption of seafood that has been contaminated with paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), a group of natural neurotoxic alkaloids produced by marine dinoflagellates, including some Alexandrium species. This study presents findings of PSTs in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) during 2018-2019 in several mollusc production areas of Sardinia (Italy, western Mediterranean). Investigations of the presence and abundance of PST-producing microalgal species in marine water and of the toxins associated with shellfish were carried out concomitantly. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020 Mar 21;98:301-311. Epub 2020 Jan 21.

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.

The protective role of β-glucan (BG) on liver function, histopathology, immune and antioxidant related gene expressions in Nile tilapia exposed to subacute deltamethrin (DLM) was investigated for 30 days. Fish (28.18 ± 1. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020 Mar 18;98:414-419. Epub 2020 Jan 18.

The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China. Electronic address:

Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs), as main host-defense molecules of crustaceans, form a unique family of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). MnALF4 is one isoform of ALFs isolated from the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium nipponense. In the present study, MnALF4 gene was successfully expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris and the recombinant MnALF4 protein exhibited efficient and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against both Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria in vitro. Read More

J Vet Res 2019 Dec 8;63(4):579-586. Epub 2019 Oct 8.

Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal Origin National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland.

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a toxin mainly occurring naturally in contaminated puffer fish, which are a culinary delicacy in Japan. It is also detected in various marine organisms like globefish, starfish, sunfish, stars, frogs, crabs, snails, Australian blue-ringed octopuses, and bivalve molluscs. TTX is produced by marine bacteria that are consumed mainly by fish of the family and other aquatic animals. Read More

Chem Biol Interact 2020 Feb 8;317:108937. Epub 2020 Jan 8.

German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, 10589, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address:

The biotoxin okadaic acid (OA) is a lipophilic secondary metabolite of marine microalgae. Therefore, OA accumulates in the fatty tissue of various shellfish and may thus enter the food chain. The ingestion of OA via contaminated marine species can lead to the diarrhetic shellfish poisoning syndrome characterized by the occurrence of a series of acute gastrointestinal symptoms in humans. Read More

J Agric Food Chem 2020 Feb 22;68(5):1427-1435. Epub 2020 Jan 22.

College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , Shandong 266100 , People's Republic of China.

A number of new -11 hydroxyl metabolites (so-called M-toxins) of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) have been discovered in contaminated shellfish, and trace amounts have also been detected in some strains of PST-producing microalgae. To investigate the chemical conversion and stability of M-toxins, mussel extracts were purified with solid-phase extraction cartridges (Oasis HLB) and Biogel P-2 resin columns and four partially purified M-toxin fractions were stored at different temperatures (-20, 4, and 20 °C) and pH values (3, 4, and 5). The concentrations and profiles of M-toxins in these fractions were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry for 27 weeks. Read More

Mar Pollut Bull 2020 Jan 11;150:110746. Epub 2019 Dec 11.

University of Texas - Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030. Electronic address:

Limited models are available to estimate human physical health risks (e.g., probability of outcomes such as lung disease, cancer, skin disease) from exposure to chemicals resulting from oil spills that may occur offshore and later impact coastline spills. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020 Mar 30;98:224-235. Epub 2019 Dec 30.

Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INERIS, SEBIO UMR I02, 51097, Reims, France. Electronic address:

Immunotoxicity analysis receives a strong interest in environmental a priori and a posteriori risk assessment procedures considering the direct involvement of the immune system in the health status of organisms, populations and thus ecosystems. The freshwater mussel Dreissena polymorpha is an invasive species widely used in ecotoxicology studies and biomonitoring surveys to evaluate the impacts of contaminants on aquatic fauna. Bivalve hemocytes are the immunocompetent cells circulating in the open circulatory system of the organism. Read More

Chemosphere 2020 Apr 11;245:125636. Epub 2019 Dec 11.

Institute of Hydrobiology, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms, Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China. Electronic address:

Seaweeds are good bio-monitors of heavy metals pollution in coastal seawater. In the present study, the potential bioremediation effects of cultivated Gracilaria lemaneiformis on heavy metals in Nan'ao coastal sediment from a typical mariculture zone, South China were evaluated. Sediment samples were collected from five different zones (Gracilaria cultivation zone, G; Fish culture zone, F; Shellfish culture zone, S; Transition zone, T; Control zone, C) from December 2014 to July 2015. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020 Feb 19;97:581-586. Epub 2019 Dec 19.

National Institute of Fisheries Science, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research & Devlopment, Taean, 32132, South Korea.

Paralichthys olivaceus (mean weight, 280.1 ± 10.5 g; mean length, 28. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020 Jan 9;96:213-222. Epub 2019 Dec 9.

Department of Nutrition and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.

The present study was carried out to investigate the toxic effects of diazinon on growth performance, hepato-renal function, antioxidant system, innate immune response and comparing the protective role of dietary Chlorella vulgaris (CV) algae and β-glucan in intoxicated Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). One hundred and eighty healthy Nile tilapia (20 ± 6.1 g) were distributed equally into four groups; control group, DZN group (0. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020 Jan 7;96:262-269. Epub 2019 Dec 7.

Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Basin Agricultural Resource and Ecology of Jiangxi Province, College of Land Resource and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China. Electronic address:

Norfloxacin nicotinate (NOR-N), an adduct of norfloxacin (NOR) and nicotinic acid, has been widely used for replacing NOR in animal husbandry and fishery industry. Nowadays, increasing evidences showed that NOR could pose toxic effects on fish and other aquatic organisms, but as its adduct, whether NOR-N could cause adverse effects on aquatic organisms is still unclear. To evaluate the toxic effects of NOR-N on the early life stage of zebrafish, we determined the changes in embryonic development (hatching rate, body length, malformation rate and mortality), antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx)) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and gene expression levels related to antioxidant enzymes (Cu/Zn-sod, Mn-sod, CAT and Gpx) and innate immune system (tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interferon (IFN), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-8, CXCL-clc, CC-chemokine, lysozyme (Lzy) and complement factors (C3)) after embryonic exposure to NOR-N till 96 hpf. Read More

Harmful Algae 2019 12 20;90:101702. Epub 2019 Nov 20.

Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China.

Karenia mikimotoi is a worldwide bloom-forming dinoflagellate in the genus Karenia. Blooms of this alga have been observed since the 1930s and have caused mass mortalities of fish, shellfish, and other invertebrates in the coastal waters of many countries, including Japan, Norway, Ireland, and New Zealand. This species has frequently bloomed in China, causing great financial losses (more than 2 billion yuan, Fujian Province, 2012). Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020 Jan 30;96:26-31. Epub 2019 Nov 30.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, PR China. Electronic address:

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a common pollutant in the water environment, has been reported to be associated with immune functions, especially aquatic organisms. However, whether DEHP exposure causes neutrophils toxicity in common carp is still unclear. To investigate the toxic effect of DEHP on immune functions, common carp neutrophils were exposed to DEHP (40 μmol/L and 200 μmol/L) for 2 h. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020 Jan 29;96:114-121. Epub 2019 Nov 29.

Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China. Electronic address:

Our study investigated the effects of spinetoram on the developmental toxicity and immunotoxicity of zebrafish. 10 h post-fertilization (hpf) zebrafish embryos were exposed to several concentrations of spinetoram (0, 5.0 mg/L, 7. Read More

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020 Jan 26;27(2):2096-2106. Epub 2019 Nov 26.

School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.

Despite the benefits of shellfish consumption, the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in shellfish can endanger consumer's health. The consumption of seafood in Shenzhen (a fast-developing metropolis in China) has received more and more attention. Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) in ten common shellfish species and associated health risks were analyzed for Shenzhen's consumers by evaluating estimated weekly intake (EWI), non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks to children, adolescents, and adults. Read More

Mar Drugs 2019 Nov 21;17(12). Epub 2019 Nov 21.

Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan.

Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are the major neurotoxic contaminants of edible bivalves in Japan. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) was recently detected in bivalve shellfish around the world, drawing widespread attention. In Japan, high levels of TTX were reported in the digestive gland of the scallop, , in 1993; however, no new data have emerged since then. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020 Jan 22;96:290-296. Epub 2019 Nov 22.

Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, PR China; Hubei Research Institute of Aquatic Industry Technology, Jingzhou, 434000, PR China.

Nitrite and sulfide are harmful pollutants in water ecosystems that negatively influence the survival and growth of crayfish. It is currently known that the intestine of crustaceans acts as a significant immune organ, serving as the front line of defense against diseases. In this study, we investigated how the oxidative damage parameters, antioxidant status and microbial composition of the intestine of Procambarus clarkii were influenced under acute nitrite (60 mg/L) and sulfide (18 mg/L) stress for 72 h. Read More

Mar Environ Res 2020 Feb 9;154:104839. Epub 2019 Nov 9.

CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida Norton de Matos, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.

Concentrations of the paralytic shellfish toxins GTX6, C1+2, GTX5, C3+4, dcSTX, dcNEO and dcGTX2+3 were determined by LC-FLD in composite samples of whole soft tissues of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis), cockles (Cerastoderma edule) and razor shells (Solen marginatus) after exposure to a Gymnodinium catenatum bloom. Specimens were harvested weekly during three months under natural depuration conditions in the Mira branch of Aveiro lagoon, Portugal. Under the decline of G. Read More

Aquat Toxicol 2019 Dec 12;217:105330. Epub 2019 Oct 12.

Institute of Marine Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.

Heavy metal pollution is a concern in many coastal locations where it is frequently deleterious to the survival of young shellfish. Consequently, a great number of commercial shellfish hatcheries around the world rely on the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to seawater to ensure successful larval production. Despite the importance of this practice to global shellfish production the mode of action of EDTA in larval production remains undetermined. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019 Dec 3;95:473-480. Epub 2019 Nov 3.

College of Fisheries, Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China. Electronic address:

Cadmium (Cd) is a nonessential metal that is a contaminant in aquatic ecosystems. Cd can accumulate in aquatic animals, leading to detrimental effects in tissues, and Cd exposure can induce immunotoxicity in fish. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in immune responses, yet the participation of miRNAs in Cd-induced immunotoxicity remains poorly understood. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019 Dec 2;95:670-678. Epub 2019 Nov 2.

Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algae Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China. Electronic address:

Palytoxins (PLTXs) are a group of complex and poisonous marine natural products that are toxic to marine life and even human beings. In the present study, the oxidative stress and immune response in the hepatopancreas and gills of Litopenaeus vannamei were assessed for 72 h after injection with PLTX extracts. Chemical and physiological parameters, e. Read More