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Braz Dent J 2021 Jan-Feb;32(1):48-52

Department of Paediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.

This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of Sealapex Xpress and Real Seal XT and their effect on macrophage activation. J774.1 macrophages were incubated with Sealapex Xpress and Seal Real XT (0. Read More

Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021 Apr 22. Epub 2021 Apr 22.

CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address:

Hydrotropy is a well-established strategy to enhance the aqueous solubility of hydrophobic drugs, facilitating their formulation for oral and dermal delivery. However, most hydrotropes studied so far possess toxicity issues and are inefficient, with large amounts being needed to achieve significant solubility increases. Inspired by recent developments in the understanding of the mechanism of hydrotropy that reveal ionic liquids as powerful hydrotropes, in the present work the use of cholinium vanillate, cholinium gallate, and cholinium salicylate to enhance the aqueous solubility of two model drugs, ibuprofen and naproxen, is investigated. Read More

Ann Emerg Med 2021 Apr 8. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Zablocki Veterans Administration Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI.

Study Objective: Screening preadmission psychiatric patients for acetaminophen or salicylate overdose is unnecessary in the absence of specific clinical concern for medication ingestion.

Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study of 3 Veteran's Administration emergency departments that medically evaluate patients prior to psychiatric admission. During the 10-year study period, these departments followed screening protocols that required the measurement of acetaminophen and salicylate levels on every patient prior to psychiatric admission. Read More

Ecotoxicology 2021 May 7;30(4):756-765. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.

Pharmaceutical drugs are among the most used chemicals for human and veterinary medicines, aquaculture and agriculture. Pharmaceuticals are environmentally persistent, biologically active molecules, thereby having the potential to exert biological effects on non-target species. Among the most used pharmaceuticals, one may find salicylic acid (SA), a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that acts by inhibiting the enzymes cyclooxigenases; it is also possible to identify acetazolamide (ACZ), a diuretic that acts by inhibiting the activity of carbonic anhydrase (CA). Read More

AEM Educ Train 2021 Apr 21;5(2):e10464. Epub 2020 May 21.

Department of Emergency Medicine Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Torrance CA USA.

Objectives: Active learning techniques help with motivation, involvement, and retention during didactics. There are few studies comparing different active learning methods, and these have yielded mixed results. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of two active learning methods-small-group discussion and audience response system (ARS)-on immediate- and long-term knowledge gain. Read More

An Acad Bras Cienc 2021 26;93(1):e20181262. Epub 2021 Mar 26.

Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Citogenética e Cultura de Tecidos, Alto Universitário, s/n, Caixa Postal 16, 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil.

Due to rising concerns for environmental and human health, many toxic compounds, such as auxin-based herbicides, have been tested in relation their toxicity effect. Especially cyto- and phytotoxic assays have been performed on a number monocot and eudicot plant species. In these approaches the toxicity level of the auxin is compared to a positive control - usually a commercial compound with known effects and chemical similarity to the target compound. Read More

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021 Jun 18;215:112146. Epub 2021 Mar 18.

Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy.

Fragrance materials (FMs) are used in a variety of detergents and cosmetics, including household and personal care products. Despite their widespread use and the growing evidence of their occurrence in surface waters worldwide, very little is known about their toxicity towards marine species, including a key component of the marine food webs such as copepods. Thus, we investigated the toxicity of six of the more long-lasting and stable commercial fragrances, including Amyl Salicylate (AMY), Oranger Crystals (ORA), Hexyl Salicylate (HEX), Ambrofix (AMB), Peonile (PEO), and Benzyl Salicylate (BZS), to assess their ability to impair the larval development of the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa. Read More

Carbohydr Polym 2021 May 24;260:117812. Epub 2021 Feb 24.

Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea; Department of Display Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea. Electronic address:

A dual pH-/thermo-responsive hydrogel was designed based on a polyelectrolyte complex of polyacrylic acid (PAA) and norbornene-functionalized chitosan (CsNb), which was synergized with chemical crosslinking using bistetrazine-poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (bisTz-PNIPAM). The thermo-responsive polymeric crosslinker, bisTz-PNIPAM, was synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization of NIPAM. FTIR, XRD, rheological and morphological analyses demonstrated the successful formation of the polyelectrolyte network. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Feb 27;22(5). Epub 2021 Feb 27.

Aromatic Plant Research Center, Lehi, UT 84043, USA.

Even though several plants can improve the female reproductive function, the use of herbs, herbal preparations, or essential oils during pregnancy is questionable. This review is focused on the effects of some essential oils and their constituents on the female reproductive system during pregnancy and on the development of the fetus. The major concerns include causing abortion, reproductive hormone modulation, maternal toxicity, teratogenicity, and embryo-fetotoxicity. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Feb 28;22(5). Epub 2021 Feb 28.

Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome "Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy.

causes multiple diseases of (maize) including ear and seedling rots, contaminates seeds and seed products worldwide with toxic chemicals called fumonisins. The role of fumonisins in disease is unclear because, although they are not required for ear rot, they are required for seedling diseases. Disease symptoms may be due to the ability of fumonisins to inhibit ceramide synthase activity, the expected cause of lipids (fatty acids, oxylipins, and sphingolipids) alteration in infected plants. Read More

Ecotoxicology 2021 Apr 23;30(3):387-401. Epub 2021 Feb 23.

ACECR-Research Institute of Applied Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

The co-application of exogenous 100 µM melatonin (MT) and 100 µM salicylic acid (SA) on 21-day-old safflower seedlings grown in the presence of cadmium (Cd, 100 µM) toxicity was investigated. The application of MT, SA, or MT + SA efficiently improved toxicity symptoms and declined Cd toxicity as shown by a considerable rise in plant biomass production and chlorophyll content accompanied by decreased level of oxidative stress markers. In Cd stressed plants, the simultaneous application of MT and SA led to sharp decreases in MDA and H2O2 amounts (61. Read More

Toxicology 2021 04 13;453:152721. Epub 2021 Feb 13.

Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, China. Electronic address:

Paraquat (PQ) is an effective and commercially important herbicide that is widely used worldwide. However, PQ is highly toxic and can cause various complications and acute organ damage. Aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) is a potential new compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant stress pharmacological activity. Read More

Indoor Air 2021 Feb 15. Epub 2021 Feb 15.

Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.

Children are particularly vulnerable to many classes of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detected in indoor environments. The negative health impacts associated with chronic and acute exposures of the VOCs might lead to health issues such as genetic damage, cancer, and disorder of nervous systems. In this study, 40 VOCs including aldehydes and ketones, aliphatic hydrocarbons, esters, aromatic hydrocarbons, cyclic terpenes, alcohols, and glycol ethers were identified and qualified in different locations at the University of Missouri (MU) Child Development Laboratory (CDL) in Columbia, Missouri. Read More

BMC Biol 2021 Feb 9;19(1):26. Epub 2021 Feb 9.

Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.

Background: Recognition of stress and mobilization of adequate "fight-or-flight" responses is key for survival and health. Previous studies have shown that exposure of Caenorhabditis elegans to pathogens or toxins simultaneously stimulates cellular stress and detoxification responses and aversive behavior. However, whether a coordinated regulation exists between cytoprotective stress responses and behavioral defenses remains unclear. Read More

Drug Chem Toxicol 2021 Feb 8:1-12. Epub 2021 Feb 8.

Department of Statistics, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan.

Edgew is in folk use in Pakistan as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and liver ailments. Therefore, we have investigated antioxidant, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities of the isolated compounds (ceanothic acid and zizybrenalic acid) from the chloroform fraction of . Ceanothic acid and zizybrenalic acid showed significant DPPH and HO scavenging activity as compared to control. Read More

Mutat Res 2021 Jan-Feb;861-862:503306. Epub 2020 Dec 25.

University of Bradford, Bradford, UK. Electronic address:

Inhibiting inflammatory processes or eliminating inflammation represents a logical role in the suppression and treatment strategy of cancer. Several studies have shown that anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) act as anticancer agents while reducing metastases and mortality rate. NSAIDs are seriously limited by their side effects and toxicity, which can become cumulative with their long-term administration for chemoprevention. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Jan 27;22(3). Epub 2021 Jan 27.

Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, C/de la Vall Moronta s/n, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain.

High bicarbonate concentrations of calcareous soils with high pH can affect crop performance due to different constraints. Among these, Fe deficiency has mostly been studied. The ability to mobilize sparingly soluble Fe is a key factor for tolerance. Read More

Blood 2021 01;137(4):513-523

Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine.

Chromosome region maintenance protein 1 (CRM1) mediates protein export from the nucleus and is a new target for anticancer therapeutics. Broader application of KPT-330 (selinexor), a first-in-class CRM1 inhibitor recently approved for relapsed multiple myeloma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, have been limited by substantial toxicity. We discovered that salicylates markedly enhance the antitumor activity of CRM1 inhibitors by extending the mechanisms of action beyond CRM1 inhibition. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Jan 11;22(2). Epub 2021 Jan 11.

College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemungu, Seoul 03760, Korea.

Since the European Union (EU) announced their animal testing ban in 2013, all animal experiments related to cosmetics have been prohibited, creating a demand for alternatives to animal experiments for skin studies. Here, we investigated whether an ex vivo live porcine skin model can be employed to study the safety and skin barrier-improving effects of hydroxyacids widely used in cosmetics for keratolytic peels. Glycolic acid (1-10%), salicylic acid (0. Read More

Mar Environ Res 2021 Mar 2;165:105247. Epub 2021 Jan 2.

Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy. Electronic address:

In this study the effects of a mixture of glyphosate (herbicide), 17a-ethinylestradiol (synthetic estrogen) and amyl salicylate (fragrance) to the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis were evaluated. Mussels were exposed for 7 days to two realistic concentrations of the mixture (10 and 100 ng/L) and the effects on total haemocyte counts, haemocyte diameter and volume, haemocyte proliferation, haemolymph lactate dehydrogenase activity and haemocyte lysate lysozyme activity were measured. In addition, superoxide dismutase, catalase, acetylcholinesterase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase activities were measured in gills and digestive gland. Read More

Chemosphere 2021 May 2;270:129456. Epub 2021 Jan 2.

School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China. Electronic address:

Triclosan (TCS) is a highly effective antibacterial agent, which is widely distributed in wastewater and sludge. The application of sludge containing high concentration TCS in agriculture will cause physiological damage to plants. Nevertheless, little is known about the physiological and molecular mechanism of TCS to plants. Read More

Plant Physiol Biochem 2021 Feb 5;159:285-300. Epub 2021 Jan 5.

Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.

Application of the growth regulator salicylic acid (SA) and the polyamine spermidine (Spd) can be used to manage various plant abiotic stresses. We aimed to evaluate the sole and combined effects of SA and Spd on maize (Zea mays) under individual and combined drought and chromium (Cr) stress. Drought, Cr, and drought + Cr treatments caused oxidative stress by inducing higher production of reactive oxygen species (HO, O), enhanced malondialdehyde content and increased relative membrane permeability. Read More

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021 Jan 20;208:111654. Epub 2020 Nov 20.

Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China. Electronic address:

Salicylic acid (SA) is an important signal molecule, regulating oxidative stress response in plants. In this study, we evaluated the influences of SA (1 mg L, 10 mg L and 50 mg L) on the accumulation of clothianidin (CLO), dinotefuran (DFN) and difenoconazole (DFZ) (5 mg L) and pesticide-induced (CLO-10 mg L, DFN-20 mg L, and DFZ-10 mg L) oxidative stress in cucumber plants. Exogenous SA at 10 mg L significantly reduced the half-lives of three pesticides in nutrient solution and prevented the accumulation of pesticides in roots and leaves. Read More

Biol Pharm Bull 2021 ;44(1):140-143

Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University.

To establish a system for assessing drug permeation and irritation of the skin, the permeation of benzoic acid and isosorbide dinitrate, which are listed in the Pharmacopoeia, and the chemical irritation were evaluated using skin generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Multilayer structures and cellular markers (keratin 14 and 10, which are in basal and suprabasal epidermal layers) were clearly detected in our iPSC-based skin. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) decreased after iPSC-derived keratinocytes were cultured on collagen gels from human primary fibroblasts. Read More

Biomed Pharmacother 2021 Jan 28;133:111028. Epub 2020 Nov 28.

College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Department of Laboratory Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China. Electronic address:

Aspirin is one of the most commonly prescribed medications. Evidence shows that it can even treat and prevent intestinal tumors. However, it has also caused a great deal of controversy due to its intestinal side effects. Read More

Nat Prod Res 2020 Dec 28:1-5. Epub 2020 Dec 28.

Laboratory of Oral Microbiology Research (LAPEMICRO), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.

This study investigated the chemical constituents of essential oil and is the first to relate cytogenotoxicity with oxidative metabolism and antimicrobial activity. Chromatographic analysis of the essential oil showed methyl salicylate (99.96%) and linalool (0. Read More

Chemosphere 2021 Jan 29;263:128034. Epub 2020 Aug 29.

Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China. Electronic address:

Cadmium (Cd) contamination, which poses a serious threat to human health, has been recognized as a major threat to the agricultural system and crop production. Salicylic acid (SA) is a signaling molecule that plays an important role in against Cd toxicity. Previously, we found that spraying rice with SA could reduce the Cd accumulation in rice grains grown in Cd-contaminated soil. Read More

Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021 01 5;410:115359. Epub 2020 Dec 5.

Department of Toxicology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Av. IPN, 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico. Electronic address:

Many antineoplastic agents induce myelosuppression and leukopenia as secondary effects in patients. The development of anticancer agents that simultaneously provoke antitumor immune response represents an important therapeutic advance. The administration of 6-pentadecyl salicylic acid (6SA) contributes to the antitumor immunity using 4T1 breast cancer cells in Balb/c female mice, with Taxol as a positive control and in cotreatment with 6SA (6SA + Taxol; CoT). Read More

Life Sci 2021 Jan 2;265:118824. Epub 2020 Dec 2.

Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

Currently, antibiotics and salicylates are the most highly consumed medications worldwide. The side effects of these pharmaceuticals on the nervous system have been little investigated. Thus, this study aimed to examine the influence of the gentamicin (GM) and sodium salicylates (SS) on neurobehavioral functions, including locomotors function, memory, and sensorimotor functions together with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter levels. Read More

Chemosphere 2021 May 19;270:128660. Epub 2020 Oct 19.

Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262, Lublin, Poland. Electronic address:

Salicylic acid (SA), a metabolite of acetylsalicylic acid is a monohydroxybenzoic acid a common non-steroidal analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) frequently detected in various aquatic ecosystems at concentrations up to 19.50 μg L in surface waters near livestock farms and 59.6 μg L in wastewaters. Read More