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Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019 May 31;172:232-239. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario, Autov A23 km 299, 50830, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address:

The final fate of many drugs is release into the natural aquatic environment. It is necessary to assess the toxicity caused by this situation and the associated concerns for human beings. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a common biomodel used to assess toxicity in aquatic environments. Read More

A A Pract 2019 Jan 16. Epub 2019 Jan 16.

Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois.

Local anesthetic toxicity is a rare but serious complication of local anesthetic administration. Although lidocaine has a safety profile superior to other amide local anesthetics, we report a case of cardiac arrest after intranasal injection of lidocaine. The case involves a 22-year-old healthy woman who experienced pulseless electrical activity shortly after a submucosal injection of 2. Read More

Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019 Jan 8;103:34-40. Epub 2019 Jan 8.

Naval Medical Research Institute, Second Military Medical University, 880 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China. Electronic address:

This study was designed to assess the preclinical toxicity of antipyrine combined with lidocaine hydrochloride ear drops (ALED) and support the clinical trials of ALED in clinical settings in China. All the experiments including acute toxicity in rodents, skin sensitization toxicity in guinea pigs, skin irritation toxicity in rabbits and chronic toxicity in rats were performed according to China Food and Drug Administration guidelines. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of ALED administration for mice and rats was over (400 g antipyrine plus 100 g lidocaine hydrochloride)/kg and (240 g andtipyrine plus 60 g lidocaine hydrochloride)/kg, respectively. Read More

J Palliat Med 2019 Jan 7. Epub 2019 Jan 7.

1 Improving Palliative, Aged and Chronic Care Through Clinical Research and Translation, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia.

Background: Internationally, use of lidocaine infusions to treat cancer pain varies by center. Existing systematic reviews do not adequately inform use of lidocaine in cancer pain.

Objective: To assess the effects of systemic sodium channel blockers on cancer pain in adults, review the dose protocols for administration, and assess toxicity. Read More

Toxicol Lett 2019 Mar 17;303:9-15. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

University of Health Sciences, Dept. of Medical CBRN Defense, 06010, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey.

Sulfur mustard (SM) was responsible for more than 80% of all documented chemical casualties during the Great War. Recent literature on clinic picture of SM exposure remained so limited with the sporadic cases who were accidentally exposed to SM especially either in Western Europe or China. We reported a Syrian family of four who became victims of chemical terrorism due to SM exposure and we described the detailed clinical course of the family including the medical history, initial symptomatology, clinical examination, hematological data, and initial treatment in the first 48 hours after exposure at Kilis State Hospital, Turkey. Read More

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019 Apr 5;170:141-147. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. Electronic address:

Poisonous weeds are a global problem since they not only hinder local economic development, but also cause ecological harm. Consolida rugulosa (family Ranunculaceae) is a weed that is widespread in Northwestern China and causes severe poisoning when ingested by livestock. In the present study, we purified the toxins in this plant and investigated their mechanism of action. Read More

Cureus 2018 Aug 21;10(8):e3173. Epub 2018 Aug 21.

Anesthesia Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation - Fairview Hospital, Cleveland, USA.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is a non-ischemic cardiomyopathy that is accompanied by sudden left ventricular myocardial stunning, dilation and dysfunction. It often results from severe emotional or physical stress. We present the case of a 41-year-old female patient who had general anesthesia induced uneventfully for an elective bladder sling procedure. Read More

Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2018 Oct 19. Epub 2018 Oct 19.

From the Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to compare the amount of lidocaine administered for vaginal reconstruction with versus without hysterectomy. The secondary objective was to assess the risk of lidocaine toxicity.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study compares lidocaine dose in 2 cohorts: women who underwent vaginal hysterectomy with additional vaginal reconstruction (VH + VR) versus those who underwent vaginal reconstruction without hysterectomy (VR only). Read More

J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018 Oct 20;47(1):64. Epub 2018 Oct 20.

Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, 2C3.57 Walter MacKenzie Centre, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R7, Canada.

Background: Propofol and remifentanil intravenous combination is one popular form of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) in mainstream clinical practice, but it has rarely been applied to a rat model for laryngoscopy and laryngeal electromyography (LEMG). Our objective was to establish a safe and reproducible general anesthetic protocol for laryngoscopy and endoscopic LEMG in a rat model. Our hypothesis is that TIVA allows a minimally morbid, and feasible laryngoscopy and LEMG. Read More

Lasers Surg Med 2019 Jan 15;51(1):88-94. Epub 2018 Oct 15.

Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

Objective: Lidocaine acts as a local anesthetic by blocking transmembrane sodium channel permeability, but also induces the synthesis of heat shock proteins and sensitizes cells to hyperthermia. A previous study reported two cases of deep focal skin ulceration at points corresponding to depot local lidocaine injection sites after treatment with non-ablative fractional resurfacing and it was hypothesized that lidocaine had focally sensitized keratinocytes to the thermal damage of laser treatment. The objective of this study was to investigate whether lidocaine potentiates hyperthermia damage to both normal and cancerous skin cells using an in vitro model. Read More

Anesth Analg 2018 Oct 9. Epub 2018 Oct 9.

Laboratory of Inflammation, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.

Background: Our research group has recently developed liposomes with ionic gradient and in a combined manner as donor and acceptor vesicles containing ropivacaine (RVC; at 2% or 0.75%). Looking for applications of such novel formulations for postoperative pain control, we evaluated the duration of anesthesia, pharmacokinetics, and tissue reaction evoked by these new RVC formulations. Read More

Animals (Basel) 2018 Aug 20;8(8). Epub 2018 Aug 20.

School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.

This study determined the convulsant plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters following cornual nerve block and compared the results to recommend a safe dose of lidocaine hydrochloride for goat kids. The plasma concentrations of lidocaine and monoethylglycinexylidide (MGX) were quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total dose of 7 mg/kg body weight (BW) was tolerated and should therefore be safe for local and regional anesthesia in goat kids. Read More

Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018 8;2018:4967318. Epub 2018 Jul 8.

Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road No. 5, Qingdao 266003, China.

The introduction of intracameral anaesthesia by injection of lidocaine has become popular in cataract surgery for its inherent potency, rapid onset, tissue penetration, and efficiency. However, intracameral lidocaine causes corneal thickening, opacification, and corneal endothelial cell loss. Herein, we investigated the effects of lidocaine combined with sodium ferulate, an antioxidant with antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties, on lidocaine-induced damage of corneal endothelia with experiment of morphological changes and cell viability of cultured human corneal endothelial cells and investigation of corneal endothelial cell density and central corneal thickness of cat eyes. Read More

Iowa Orthop J 2018 ;38:107-112

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia.

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of commonly used injection medication combinations on supraspinatus tenocyte cell viability and tissue metabolism.

Methods: Twenty adult dogs underwent ultrasound guided injection of the canine equivalent of the subacromial space, based on random assignment to one of four treatment groups (n=5/group): normal saline, 1.0% lidocaine/methylprednisolone, 1. Read More

Pharm Dev Technol 2018 Oct 3:1-7. Epub 2018 Oct 3.

a School of Pharmacy , The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga , Semenyih , Malaysia.

The drawbacks associated with chemical skin permeation enhancers such as skin irritation and toxicity necessitated the research to focus on potential permeation enhancers with a perceived lower toxicity. Crude palm oil (CPO) is obtained by direct compression of the mesocarp of the fruit of the oil palm belonging to the genus Elaeis. In this research, CPO and tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) of palm oil were evaluated for the first time as skin permeation enhancers using full-thickness human skin. Read More

J Toxicol Sci 2018 ;43(8):493-506

Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

We used motion field imaging to characterize the conduction and contraction of a sheet of cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPS-CMs). A hiPS-CMs sheet of 2.8 mm × 2. Read More

BMC Anesthesiol 2018 07 18;18(1):88. Epub 2018 Jul 18.

Department of Anesthesia, University Children's Hospital, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland.

Background: Due to its potential beneficial effects, intra- and postoperative application of intravenous lidocaine has become increasingly accepted over the last couple of years, e.g. in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgical procedures. Read More

Emerg (Tehran) 2018 16;6(1):e38. Epub 2018 Jun 16.

Excellence Center of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Introduction: Parenteral form of lidocaine is the best-known source of lidocaine poisoning. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of acute lidocaine toxicity .

Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and outcome of patients intoxicated with lidocaine (based on ICD10 codes) admitted to Loghman Hakim Hospital, during April 2007 to March 2014 were analyzed. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2019 Feb 11;43(1):7-13. Epub 2018 Jul 11.

Department of Surgical, Microsurgical and Medical Sciences, Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Sassari, Via Monte Grappa 70, 07100, Sassari, Italy.

Background: Tumescent local anesthesia (TLA) consists of infiltration of saline solution with lidocaine and epinephrine into the tissues to obtain regional anesthesia and vasoconstriction. The use of TLA in augmentation mammoplasty has been described for sub-glandular positioning. We describe a modified TLA technique for primary sub-muscular breast augmentation reporting our experience during the past 7 years. Read More

Anesth Prog 2018 ;65(2):119-123

PGY2 General Practice Chief Resident, NYU Lutheran, Brooklyn, New York.

Adverse reactions to local anesthetics are usually a reaction to epinephrine, vasovagal syncope, or overdose toxicity. Allergic reactions to local anesthetics are often attributed to additives such as metabisulfite or methylparaben. True allergic reactions to amide local anesthetics are extremely rare but have been documented. Read More

J Burn Care Res 2018 Aug;39(5):790-797

Applied Tissue Technologies LLC, Hingham, MA.

Injuries to the skin are often complicated by invasive infections. Standard treatment with intravenous antibiotics has limited tissue penetration and sometimes, major systemic toxicity. Traditional topical delivery of antimicrobials also has limited effectiveness and duration of action. Read More

Case Rep Neurol 2018 May-Aug;10(2):130-134. Epub 2018 May 30.

Department of Neurology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia.

Myoclonus is an abnormal involuntary movement that has been previously reported with administration of high doses of opioids for prolonged periods of time. In this case, however, we report an acute myoclonic reaction and review the literature on the possible causative pathophysiology. We report the case of a 24-year-old woman who was admitted for postdated cesarean section. Read More

Toxicol Mech Methods 2018 Nov 31;28(9):670-677. Epub 2018 Jul 31.

c Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas "Dr. Ignacio Chávez" , Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Dr. Rafael Carrillo esquina Dr. Salvador González Herrejón, Col. Bosque Cuauhtémoc , Morelia , Mexico.

Inhaling solvents can lead to occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden sniffing death. Mechanisms related to this phenomenon are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acute toluene exposure on heart reactivity to epinephrine and the participation of voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels. Read More

Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2018 Jun 16. Epub 2018 Jun 16.

Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Pharmacovigilance, Hôpital de la Timone, AP-HM, 13385, Marseille, France.

Purpose: Tumescent lidocaine anesthesia (TLA) is an opportunity to perform mastectomy for breast cancer without general anesthesia in elderly women. Few reports are available on the pharmacokinetics of lidocaine in a context of TLA during a unilateral mastectomy. The aim of this study was to describe lidocaine pharmacokinetics in elderly women undergoing breast cancer surgery after TLA and to explore the risk of the toxicity of this technique. Read More

J Clin Pharm Ther 2018 Oct 9;43(5):733-736. Epub 2018 Jun 9.

East Carolina Heart Institute at ECU, Greenville, NC, USA.

What Is Known And Objective: Lidocaine infused at 1-4 mg/min is an appropriate treatment modality for hemodynamically stable ventricular tachycardia (VT) with normal hepatic function. A case of acute lidocaine toxicity in the setting of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is reported.

Case Summary: A 71-year-old with a HeartMate II LVAD on chronic mexiletine and normal liver function presented with ventricular tachycardia requiring systemic lidocaine and subsequently developed altered mental status with tremors. Read More

Toxicol Rep 2018 10;5:357-362. Epub 2018 Mar 10.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029-6574, United States.

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) were first approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as antidepressants in the 1950s. Although their function as an antidepressant in the U.S. Read More

Anaesthesist 2018 Jun;67(6):401-408

Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07740, Jena, Deutschland.

After intensive care unit (ICU) treatment, the recollection of experienced pain is one of the most burdensome aftermaths. In addition, pain has several negative physiological consequences. The majority of patients report moderate to severe pain while being treated on an ICU, often caused by diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Read More

Scand Cardiovasc J 2018 08 25;52(4):218-226. Epub 2018 May 25.

a Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.

Objectives: In normal conditions, sudden heart rate acceleration provokes a rapid reduction in ventricular action potential duration (APD). The protracted APD rate adaptation favors early afterdepolarizations and precipitates arrhythmia. Nevertheless, it is uncertain as to whether the rate-dependent changes of ventricular repolarization can be adversely modified by arrhythmogenic drugs (quinidine and procainamide) and hypokalemia, in comparison to the agents with safe therapeutic profile, such as lidocaine. Read More

Int J Legal Med 2018 May 21. Epub 2018 May 21.

Centre antipoison et de toxicovigilance de Paris, hôpital Fernand-Widal, Paris, France.

Background: Eutectic mixtures of lidocaine and prilocaine are used during painful dermatological procedures. Poisoning is rarely reported in adults.

Material And Method: We report three cases of women who experienced lidocaine and prilocaine poisoning after laser-assisted hair removal. Read More

Pain 2018 Sep;159(9):1696-1704

Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.

Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) occurs in 12% of surgical populations and is a high priority for perioperative research. Systemic lidocaine may modulate several of the pathophysiological processes linked to CPSP. This systematic review aims to identify and synthesize the evidence linking lidocaine infusions and CPSP. Read More

Am J Otolaryngol 2018 May - Jun;39(3):370-371. Epub 2018 Mar 14.

Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States; The Spiegel Center, Newton, MA 02459, United States. Electronic address:

J Endovasc Ther 2018 Jun 12;25(3):355-357. Epub 2018 Mar 12.

1 Department of Radiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

Purpose: To describe a single skin puncture technique combining subcutaneous injection of anesthetic to the depth of the vessel wall with venipuncture in the same movement.

Technique: Using ultrasound guidance, controlled anesthetic instillation along the needle tract and outer vessel wall with a 21-G vascular access needle can be combined with vessel puncture. This technique reduces the number of skin punctures and ensures accurate anesthetic instillation. Read More

J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019 01 31;33(1):162-165. Epub 2018 Jan 31.

Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT. Electronic address:

J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018 May 6;154:1-6. Epub 2018 Mar 6.

Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary. Electronic address:

The application of local anesthetics, usually administered by subcutaneous injection, is common in the course of diagnostic, therapeutic, and cosmetic dermatology procedures. The effective dermal delivery of lidocaine could offer a solution to many adverse effects caused by needle insertion, such as pain, local reactions or toxicity, and additionally, it avoids the disruption of anatomical landmarks. Therefore, novel dermal formulations of local anesthetics are needed to overcome the barrier function of the skin and provide sufficient and prolonged anesthesia. Read More

Cureus 2017 Dec 16;9(12):e1955. Epub 2017 Dec 16.

Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.

The overdiagnosis of thyroid malignancies may be contributing to the increased incidence of these cancers with a relatively stable mortality rate. We present the case of a man with known malignancies, who underwent biopsy of a suspicious thyroid nodule. This procedure was complicated by local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST). Read More

Cartilage 2018 Feb 1:1947603518758436. Epub 2018 Feb 1.

1 Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Campus Eisenberg, Eisenberg, Germany.

Objective In orthopedic joint injection, the most frequently used local anesthetics are ropivacaine, bupivacaine, and 1% or 2% lidocaine. The aim of this study was to examine effects of these various anesthetics on the viability of human chondrocytes. Our hypothesis was that all local anesthetics tested damage human chondrocytes in vitro. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2018 May 20;57(5):605-610. Epub 2018 Feb 20.

Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.

Background: Snake envenomation is a neglected global health problem. There is a need for a prehospital treatment of neurotoxic snakebite that prolongs survival and allows time for a victim to reach a hospital for antivenom therapy. Tumescent epinephrine consists of a large volume of dilute epinephrine (2 mg/l) injected subcutaneously. Read More

Forensic Sci Int 2018 Apr 10;285:86-92. Epub 2018 Feb 10.

Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.

For different reasons, street cocaine is often diluted with pharmacologically active substances, the so-called adulterants such as levamisole or hydroxyzine. A controversial debate exists currently on the uptake of adulterants from cocaine preparations and drug-related death. Previous research convincingly argues that serious adverse side effects that affect the central nervous and cardiovascular systems can be a consequence of adulterated cocaine. Read More

Eur J Pharmacol 2018 May 31;827:88-93. Epub 2018 Jan 31.

Department of Anesthesia, Cancer Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun 130012, China.

Application of local anesthetic reagents, such as lidocaine (Lid), could cause significant neurotoxicity in spinal cord dorsal root ganglia neurons (DRGNs). In this study, we investigated the potential rescuing effect of cordycepin (CDC) in an in vitro explant model of lidocaine-induced apoptosis in DRGNs. Explant of rat neonatal DRGNs was prepared, and treated with Lid in vitro to induce neuronal apoptosis. Read More

J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019 Feb 15;37(3):623-640. Epub 2018 Feb 15.

a Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences , University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad 500046 , India.

Our study focus on the biological importance of synthesized 5β-dihydrocortisol (Dhc) and 5β-dihydrocortisol acetate (DhcA) molecules, the cytotoxic study was performed on breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) normal human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK293), the IC values for MCF-7 cells were 28 and 25 μM, respectively, whereas no toxicity in terms of cell viability was observed with HEK293 cell line. Further experiment proved that Dhc and DhcA induced 35.6 and 37. Read More

Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2018 Jan 12:1-8. Epub 2018 Jan 12.

a Department of Pain Management , The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China.

Background: Neurotoxicity induced by the local anaesthetics has aroused concern. A previous study has shown that an overload of intracellular calcium was involved in the neurotoxic effect. Cav3. Read More

Nat Commun 2018 01 2;9(1):37. Epub 2018 Jan 2.

Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.

The hallmark of many bacterial infections is pain. The underlying mechanisms of pain during live pathogen invasion are not well understood. Here, we elucidate key molecular mechanisms of pain produced during live methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. Read More

J Emerg Med 2018 03 30;54(3):e41-e43. Epub 2017 Dec 30.

Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York.

Background: Interscalene brachial plexus blocks have been a routinely performed method of anesthesia for shoulder surgery that decreases the need for general anesthesia, length of stay, and recovery time. We describe a case of bupivacaine toxicity after an interscalene block.

Case Report: The patient was a 66-year-old man who presented to our Emergency Department by emergency medical services from an ambulatory surgery center where he had undergone rotator cuff surgery, with bradycardia and hypotension. Read More

Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2017 Jul-Sep;24(3):126-130

Department of Ophthalmology, Vasantrao Naik Government Medical College, Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India.

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of lignocaine 2% jelly as a topical anesthesia in recurrent pterygium surgery with glue-free conjunctival limbal autograft.

Materials And Methods: A prospective, nonrandomized, observational study, comprising of 51 patients (51 eyes) having recurrent pterygium, was conducted at a tertiary eye care center in central India. Pterygium excision with glue-free autologous conjunctival grafting was done under 2% lignocaine jelly. Read More

Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2018 Jan;97(1):50-55

From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (TW, JS, WQ); Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (HN, AJvW); Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (ZW); Medical Library, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (PJE); Division of Pain Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (WQ); and Spine Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (WQ).

Cell therapy based on the trophic, mitogenic, and immunomodulatory capacity of mesenchymal stem cells is a promising treatment modality for degenerative musculoskeletal conditions. Local anesthetics have been commonly used in interventional procedures for alleviating pain, but local anesthetics may have negative impact on MSC dosing because of cytotoxicity or other biological effects. Because previous studies have not reached consensus yet on the potential complications of local anesthetics in cell therapy, we reviewed 11 studies that involve in vitro experimentation with MSCs using aminoamide-type anesthetics including lidocaine, ropivacaine, mepivacaine, bupivacaine, articaine, and prilocaine. Read More

Vet Ophthalmol 2018 Sep 12;21(5):498-506. Epub 2017 Dec 12.

Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and duration of effect of three local anesthetics on corneal sensitivity when administered subconjunctivally in horses.

Animals Studied: Eight healthy adult horses.

Procedure: A randomized, masked, crossover study design was used, with a two-week washout period between trials. Read More

J Photochem Photobiol B 2018 Jan 22;178:367-370. Epub 2017 Nov 22.

Department of Anesthesiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.

A simple approach for the synthesis of Lidocaine-Ibuprofen ionic liquid stabilized silver nanoparticles (IL-AgNPs) was reported in this work. The shape, size and surface morphology of the Lidocaine-Ibuprofen ionic liquid stabilized AgNPs were characterized by using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques such as Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Visible), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Selected area electron diffraction (SAED), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM analysis showed the formation of 20-30nm size of IL-AgNPs with very clear lattice fringes. Read More

J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2018 Sep - Oct;93:59-68. Epub 2017 Nov 17.

CiToxLAB North America, 445 Armand Frappier, Laval, QC H7V 4B3, Canada. Electronic address:

Introduction: Traditionally, rat hippocampal tissue slice models are used as an in vitro electrophysiology assay to assess seizurogenic potential in early drug development despite non-clinical species-specific differences noted during in vivo seizure studies.

Methods: Hippocampal tissue slices were acutely isolated from rats, minipigs, dogs and nonhuman primates (NHP). Population spikes (PS) were evoked through stimulation of the CA3 Schaffer collateral pathway and recorded using in vitro electrophysiological techniques via an extracellular electrode placed within the CA1 stratum pyramidale cell body layer. Read More