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Eur J Med Chem 2022 May 13;238:114454. Epub 2022 May 13.

Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India. Electronic address:

Tuberculosis, a disease of poverty is a communicable infection with a reasonably high mortality rate worldwide. 10 Million new cases of TB were reported with approx 1.4 million deaths in the year 2019. Read More

Curr Microbiol 2022 May 20;79(7):200. Epub 2022 May 20.

Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.

1,2,5,6,9,10-Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are brominated flame retardants causing serious environmental pollution. HBCDs in the environment could be transformed to various products. Identification of transformation products has been performed using various mass-spectrometric techniques. Read More

Air Med J 2022 May-Jun;41(3):320-322. Epub 2022 Feb 15.

Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA.

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare disorder that leads to a hypermetabolic response; if unrecognized, it can quickly lead to serious morbidity and mortality. It is imperative that critical care transport providers are able to recognize and initiate treatment for MH. A 33-year-old man presented to the emergency department with seizures and altered mental status after ingesting methamphetamine. Read More

Chemosphere 2022 May 17:134989. Epub 2022 May 17.

Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP, 81531-970, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Electronic address:

The Iguaçu River basin presents high ecological importance due to its expressive endemic ichthyofauna rate, but chemical pollution may threat this biodiversity. Jordão River is one of the main tributaries of Iguaçu River and contribute to this pollution status, since it drains large agricultural areas receiving domestic and industrial effluents before flowing into the Iguaçu River. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the toxic effects of the Iguaçu, Jordão, and the combination of their waters to the embryo-larval phase of R. Read More

Chemosphere 2022 May 17:134958. Epub 2022 May 17.

Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.

Specific microorganisms in the human gut (i.e., gut microbes) provide mutually beneficial outcomes such as microbial balance by inhibiting the growth of pathogenic organisms, immune system modulation, fermentation of ingested products, and vitamin production. Read More

Biomed Pharmacother 2022 May 17;151:113053. Epub 2022 May 17.

School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China. Electronic address:

Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are composed of silicon dioxide, the most abundant compound on Earth, and are used widely in many applications including the food industry, synthetic processes, medical diagnosis, and drug delivery due to their controllable particle size, large surface area, and great biocompatibility. Building on basic synthetic methods, convenient and economical strategies have been developed for the synthesis of SiNPs. Numerous studies have assessed the biomedical applications of SiNPs, including the surface and structural modification of SiNPs to target various cancers and diagnose diseases. Read More

J Hazard Mater 2022 May 13;436:129128. Epub 2022 May 13.

College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China. Electronic address:

Lead (Pb) interferes with plant gene expression, alters metabolite contents and affects plant growth. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the plant response to Pb is not completely understood. In the present study, Trifolium pratense L. Read More

Toxicol Ind Health 2022 May 19:7482337221100870. Epub 2022 May 19.

Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, 538266CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India.

Today, tattooing has become very popular among people all over the world. Tattooists, with the help of tiny needles, place tattoo ink inside the skin surface and unintentionally introduce a large number of unknown ingredients. These ingredients include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heavy metals, and primary aromatic amines (PAAs), which are either unintentionally introduced along with the ink or produced inside the skin by different types of processes for example cleavage, metabolism and photodecomposition. Read More

ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022 May 20;5(5):331-343. Epub 2022 Apr 20.

Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.

Drug-related fatal overdoses have significantly increased in the past decade due to the widespread availability of illicit fentanyl and other potent synthetic opioids such as carfentanil. Deliberate or accidental consumption or exposure to carfentanil, fentanyl, and their mixture induces respiratory depression and bradycardia that can be difficult to reverse with the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone. Vaccines offer a promising strategy to reduce the incidence of fatalities associated with fentanyl-related substances, as well as treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). Read More

Clin Med Insights Case Rep 2022 13;15:11795476221097317. Epub 2022 May 13.

Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.

Pulmonary complications post hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) are associated with poor outcomes and require extensive management depending on the etiology. They usually present in the form of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, interstitial pneumonitis, or drug toxicity that can lead to fibrosis. Scant data exists regarding diffuse cystic lung disease following HSCT, and the existing literature only mentions mild cystic changes. Read More

Environ Pollut 2022 May 16:119462. Epub 2022 May 16.

State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Ave. 163, Nanjing, 210023, PR China. Electronic address:

Low-molecular-weight organic acids may significantly influence the mobility of metal in environment, but the kinetics are not fully understood and have not been quantified. In this study, the thermodynamic and kinetic effects of citric acid (CA) on the adsorption of Cd(II) and Ni(II) on goethite were investigated using batch-adsorption and stirred-flow experiments. A charge distribution and multisite complexation model (CD-MUSIC) and a thermodynamically based multi-rate kinetic model were employed to describe the adsorption behaviors. Read More

Nat Prod Rep 2022 May 19. Epub 2022 May 19.

School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.

Covering up to 2022Gossypol is a polyphenolic compound isolated from cottonseed. There are two optical enantiomers of gossypol, (-)-gossypol and (+)-gossypol. Gossypol exists as three different tautomers, aldehyde, ketone and lactol. Read More

Braz J Biol 2022 20;84:e258106. Epub 2022 May 20.

University of Gujrat, Department of Zoology, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan.

The antioxidant enzyme system is an important defense mechanism to cope with Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) produced due to exposure to heavy metals. In the present study lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) in water and the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) was investigated in three species (Metrocoris communis, Limnogonus fossarum fossarum, and Aquarius adelaidis) of water striders collected from the industrial triangle of Punjab, Pakistan. The results of present study revealed that Pb, Cr, As, Cd and Ni were according to the permissible amount of WHO. Read More

CA Cancer J Clin 2022 May 18. Epub 2022 May 18.

Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia.

Approximately one-half of individuals with cancer face personal economic burdens associated with the disease and its treatment, a problem known as financial toxicity (FT). FT more frequently affects socioeconomically vulnerable individuals and leads to subsequent adverse economic and health outcomes. Whereas multilevel systemic factors at the policy, payer, and provider levels drive FT, there are also accompanying intervenable patient-level factors that exacerbate FT in the setting of clinical care delivery. Read More

Adv Exp Med Biol 2022 ;1357:225-257

Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal.

An exponential increase in products containing titanium dioxide nanomaterials (TiO), in agriculture, food and feed industry, lead to increased oral exposure to these nanomaterials (NMs). Thus, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) emerges as a possible route of exposure that may drive systemic exposure, if the intestinal barrier is surpassed. NMs have been suggested to produce adverse outcomes, such as genotoxic effects, that are associated with increased risk of cancer, leading to a concern for public health. Read More

Adv Exp Med Biol 2022 ;1357:179-194

Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal.

In the last years, "omics" approaches have been applied to study the toxicity of nanomaterials (NM) with the aim of obtaining insightful information on their biological effects. One of the most developed "omics" field, transcriptomics, expects to find unique profiles of differentially-expressed genes after exposure to NM that, besides providing evidence of their mechanistic mode of action, may also be used as biomarkers for biomonitoring purposes. Moreover, several NM have been associated with epigenetic alterations, i. Read More

Environ Toxicol 2022 May 18. Epub 2022 May 18.

Cardiovascular and Mitochondria Related Diseases Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.

Diabetic nephropathy is a serious chronic complication affecting at least 25% of diabetic patients. Hyperglycemia associated advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) increase tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (TEMT) and extracellular matrix synthesis and thereby causes renal fibrosis. The chalcone isoliquiritigenin, found in many herbs of Glycyrrhiza family, is known for potential health-promoting effects. Read More

Chem Asian J 2022 May 18. Epub 2022 May 18.

Sichuan University West China Hospital of Stomatology: Sichuan University West China College of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, CHINA.

Photothermal therapy (PTT) has drawn extensive attention owing to its noninvasive and great tissue penetration depth. However, the physical encapsulation of photothermal agents may lead to their rapid release. Dual-functional hydrogel systems that integrate functions and carriers can potentially solve this problem. Read More

Cancer Drug Resist 2019 19;2(2):225-241. Epub 2019 Jun 19.

Department of Biomedical Sciences - BIOMORF, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy.

Genetic/genomic profiling at a single-patient level is expected to provide critical information for determining inter-individual drug toxicity and potential efficacy in cancer therapy. A better definition of cancer subtypes at a molecular level, may correspondingly complement such pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic approaches, for more effective personalized treatments. Current pharmacogenetic/pharmacogenomic strategies are largely based on the identification of known polymorphisms, thus limiting the discovery of novel or rarer genetic variants. Read More

Cancer Drug Resist 2019 19;2(3):787-802. Epub 2019 Sep 19.

Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona 60126, Italy.

Fluoropyrimidines are widely used in the treatment of solid tumors, mainly gastrointestinal, head and neck and breast cancer. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the rate-limiting enzyme for catabolism of 5-FU and it is encoded by gene. To date, many known polymorphisms cause DPD deficiency and subsequent increase of 5-FU toxicity. Read More

J Clin Exp Dent 2022 May 1;14(5):e433-e438. Epub 2022 May 1.

MD, PhD. Department of Radiation Oncology. Vithas La Milagrosa Hospital, GenesisCare Madrid, Spain.

Background: The current treatment for head and neck cancer involves radiotherapy, systemic therapy and surgery in a multidisciplinary approach. Unfortunately, cancer therapies can lead to local and systemic complications or side effects such as mucositis, which is the most common dose-dependent complication in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. Mucositis can cause a considerably reduced quality of life in cancer patients already suffering from physical and psychological exhaustion. Read More

World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022 Apr;14(4):920-934

Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China.

Background: The effectiveness of regorafenib plus programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor in treating microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains controversial.

Aim: To investigate the benefits of regorafenib combined with PD-1 inhibitor in treating MSS mCRC and explore indicators predicting response.

Methods: This retrospective study included a total of 30 patients with microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer treated with regorafenib combined with programmed cell death-1 inhibitor at Henan Provincial People's Hospital between December 2018 and December 2020. Read More

SLAS Discov 2022 May 14. Epub 2022 May 14.

Neuroscience Thematic Research Center, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cambridge, MA. Electronic address:

Small-molecule high-throughput screening (HTS) campaigns have frequently been used to identify lead molecules that can alter expression of disease-relevant proteins in cell-based assays. However, most cell-based HTS assays require short compound exposure periods to avoid toxicity and ensure that compounds are stable in media for the duration of the exposure. This limits the ability of HTS assays to detect inhibitors of the synthesis of target proteins with long half-lives, which can often exceed the exposure times utilized in most HTS campaigns. Read More

Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022 May 17:1-12. Epub 2022 May 17.

School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK.

Lead pollution from metalliferous mines can have major environmental and health effects long after the mines have closed. Animals living near derelict mine sites can inadvertently ingest lead-contaminated soils, causing them to accumulate lead and potentially experience significant adverse health effects. Human food products, such as eggs, produced near metalliferous mines may also be contaminated with lead. Read More

Clin Cancer Res 2022 May 17. Epub 2022 May 17.

University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.

Immunotherapy targeting co-inhibitory receptors has been highly successful in treating a wide variety of malignancies, however only a subset of patients exhibits durable responses. The first FDA-approved immunotherapeutics targeting co-inhibitory receptors PD1 and CTLA4, alone or in combination, significantly improved survival but were also accompanied by substantial toxicity in combination. The third FDA-approved immune checkpoint inhibitor targets LAG3, a co-inhibitory receptor expressed on activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, especially in settings of long-term antigenic stimulation, such as chronic viral infection or cancer. Read More

J Cancer Surviv 2022 May 17. Epub 2022 May 17.

Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute at The University of Utah, South 4729, 2000 Circle of Hope Dr., Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.

Purpose: We examined whether financial burdens occurring during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted healthcare utilization among survivors of adolescent and young adult cancers.

Methods: We surveyed survivors enrolled in a patient navigation program to obtain self-reports of delayed/skipped cancer care or other care, changes to medication obtainment, and changes to medication use since the COVID-19 pandemic began. Reported financial burdens were defined as financial toxicity in the past 4 weeks (COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity [COST] ≤ median 21) and material hardships (range = 4-11) since March 2020. Read More

Microbiol Spectr 2022 May 17:e0061922. Epub 2022 May 17.

Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Typhoid fever is caused primarily by the enteric microbe Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and remains a major global health problem with approximately 14 million new infections and 136,000 fatalities annually. While there are antibiotic options available to treat the disease, the global increase in multidrug-resistant strains necessitates alternative therapeutic options. Host-targeted therapeutics present a promising anti-infective strategy against intracellular bacterial pathogens. Read More

mBio 2022 May 17:e0033722. Epub 2022 May 17.

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowagrid.214572.7, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediate-early 2 (IE2) protein is a multifunctional transcription factor that is essential for lytic HCMV infection. IE2 functions as an activator of viral early genes, negatively regulates its own promoter, and is required for viral replication. The mechanisms by which IE2 executes these distinct functions are incompletely understood. Read More

Tumori 2022 May 16:3008916221078061. Epub 2022 May 16.

INSERM, U1296 Unit, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.

Objective: Radiotherapy (RT) against head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) may lead to severe toxicity in 30-40% of patients. The normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models, based on dosimetric data refined the normal tissue dose/volume tolerance guidelines. In parallel, the radiation-induced nucleoshuttling (RIANS) of the Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated protein (pATM) is a predictive approach of individual intrinsic radiosensitivity. Read More

BMC Biol 2022 May 16;20(1):114. Epub 2022 May 16.

Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland.

Background: Intracellularly active antimicrobial peptides are promising candidates for the development of antibiotics for human applications. However, drug development using peptides is challenging as, owing to their large size, an enormous sequence space is spanned. We built a high-throughput platform that incorporates rapid investigation of the sequence-activity relationship of peptides and enables rational optimization of their antimicrobial activity. Read More