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Environ Toxicol Chem 2019 Apr 24. Epub 2019 Apr 24.

School for Environment & Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Billings Complex is the largest water-storage reservoir in São Paulo, Brazil and has been contaminated since the 1960s. Periodically, Billings sediments are subjected to currents causing resuspension and subsequent metals release. A short-term (4 h) resuspension was simulated using Sediment Flux Exposure Chambers (SeFEC) to better understand fate, bioavailability, and transport of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) during these events and possible organism toxicity. Read More

J Cell Physiol 2019 Apr 24. Epub 2019 Apr 24.

Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and cancer are global problems carrying huge human, social, and economic impact. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with an increased risk for a number of cancers, including breast, pancreatic, and liver cancer. Moreover, adverse drug reactions are higher in paitents with cancer with T2DM compared to cancer patients without T2DM. Read More

Cell Transplant 2019 Apr 24:963689719835192. Epub 2019 Apr 24.

1 Department of Neurosurgery, Bern University Hospital, Switzerland.

There is growing evidence that stem and progenitor cells exert regenerative actions by means of paracrine factors. In line with these notions, we recently demonstrated that endothelial progenitor cell (EPC)-derived conditioned medium (EPC-CM) substantially increased viability of brain microvascular cells. In the present study, we aimed at investigating whether EPC-CM supports cell survival of cultured striatal progenitor cells. Read More

J Am Chem Soc 2019 Apr 23. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Three-dimensional (3D) hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites (HOIPs) feature remarkable optoelectronic properties for solar energy conversion but suffer from long-standing issues of environmental stability and lead-toxicity. Associated two-dimensional (2D) analogs are garnering increasing interest due to superior chemical stability, structural diversity and broader property tunability. Towards lead-free 2D HOIPs, double perovskites (DPs) with mixed valent dual metals are attractive but remain unexplored beyond a recent 2D Ag-Bi bromide DP with n-butylammonium spacer cations. Read More

Biochem Biophys Rep 2019 Jul 15;18:100637. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Lecturer Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt.

the present study the was done to evaluate chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic anti-tumor potential of some Egyptian plant extract (moringa, graviola, ginger garden cress and artemisinin) against 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice. chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic evaluation was assessed by monitoring the tumor incidence and tumor volume as well as by analyzing the status of (a) biochemical markers ( and gene expressions), oxidative stress related profile including; total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione reductase (GR) activity, glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activity assay, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity and lipid peroxidation (MDA), renal and hepatic toxicity markers (urea, creatinine, alanine transaminase (alt) activity, aspartate aminotransferase (ast) activity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) Activity and γ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity also study of (b) biophysical markers (trace and heavy metals (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), selenium (Se), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn)), dielectric properties and body water distribution) finally (c) histopathological examination oral administration of increasing dose of moringa, graviola, ginger garden cress and artemisinin extracts, respectively significantly prevented the tumor incidence and tumor volume as well as brought back the status of the above mentioned biochemical and biophysical variables. Histopathological changes also confirmed the formation of tumor tubules and neovascularization after the treatment. Read More

Nat Biomed Eng 2018 Aug 16;2(8):611-621. Epub 2018 Jul 16.

Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.

Radiation therapy for cancer can lead to off-target toxicity and can be ineffective against hypoxic solid tumours and distant metastases. Here, we show that intratumoral injection, in mouse and rabbit xenografts and in patient-derived mouse xenografts, of a sodium alginate formulation containing catalase (Cat) labelled with the therapeutic I radioisotope enables long-term relief of tumour hypoxia and complete tumour elimination at low radioactivity doses. On injection, the soluble polysaccharide rapidly transforms into a hydrogel in the presence of endogenous Ca, fixing I-Cat within the tumours. Read More

Radiother Oncol 2019 Mar 27;135:141-146. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Pulmonology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Background: Stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) still has a poor prognosis. Prior studies with individualized, accelerated, isotoxic dose escalation (INDAR) with 3D-CRT showed promising results, especially in patients not treated with concurrent chemo-radiotherapy. We investigated if INDAR delivered with IMRT would improve the overall survival (OS) of stage III NSCLC patients treated with concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Read More

J Med Chem 2019 Apr 23. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Albany Molecular Research, Inc. , 21 Corporate Circle , Albany , New York 12203 , United States.

Novel pyridine- and pyrimidine-based allosteric inhibitors are reported that achieve PDE4D subtype selectivity through recognition of a single amino acid difference on a key regulatory domain, known as UCR2, that opens and closes over the catalytic site for cAMP hydrolysis. The design and optimization of lead compounds was based on iterative analysis of X-ray crystal structures combined with metabolite identification. Selectivity for the activated, dimeric form of PDE4D provided potent memory enhancing effects in a mouse model of novel object recognition with improved tolerability and reduced vascular toxicity over earlier PDE4 inhibitors that lack subtype selectivity. Read More

Nanoscale 2019 Apr 23. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel. and The Solid-State Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel.

In this topical review, we have focused on the recent advances made in the studies of lead-free perovskites in the bulk form and as nanocrystals. Substitution of lead in halide perovskites is essential to overcome the toxicity concerns and improve the relatively low stability of these materials. In lead-free double perovskites the unit cell is doubled and two divalent lead cations are replaced by mono and trivalent cations. Read More

Adv Mater 2019 Apr 23:e1807095. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.

Organic-inorganic halide perovskites are making breakthroughs in a range of optoelectronic devices. Reports of >23% certified power conversion efficiency in photovoltaic devices, external quantum efficiency >21% in light-emitting diodes (LEDs), continuous-wave lasing and ultralow lasing thresholds in optically pumped lasers, and detectivity in photodetectors on a par with commercial GaAs rivals are being witnessed, making them the fastest ever emerging material technology. Still, questions on their toxicity and long-term stability raise concerns toward their market entry. Read More

Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019 Apr 23:e1800381. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India.

Drug latentiation is a process of modifying a drug molecule structurally to improve its binding affinity as well as increasing the drug-receptor interactions and potentiate its therapeutic potential. In the quest for discovering more potent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, gefitinib-based derivatives were designed by simple structural modification at the secondary amine of gefitinib by N-alkylation. Three gefitinib derivatives (gefitinib-NB, -NP, and -NIP) were synthesized by N-alkylation and phase transfer catalysis. Read More

Environ Geochem Health 2019 Apr 22. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India.

The assessment of heavy metal contents in environmental sectors is important to estimate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic doses and risks for the mankind associated with it. The present work deals with the assessment of the risk exposure related to heavy metal contents in groundwater and soil samples to two different age groups via three different transits, i.e. Read More

Molecules 2019 Apr 19;24(8). Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb HR-10001, Croatia.

Currently we are faced with an ever-growing use of Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) preparations, often used as supportive therapies for various malignancies and neurological disorders. As some of illegally distributed forms of such preparations, like cannabis oils and butane hash oil, might contain over 80% of THC, their consumers can become intoxicated or experience various detrimental effects. This fact motivated us for the assessments of THC toxicity in vivo on a Wistar rat model, at a daily oral dose of 7 mg/kg which is comparable to those found in illicit preparations. Read More

Am J Ther 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Division of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY.

Background: Immunotherapy is a significant breakthrough in cancer therapy in the last decade. Immunotherapy is better tolerated compared with chemotherapy. However, it does have side effects, and one of the rare and serious side effects of immunotherapy is cardiotoxicity. Read More

Respir Med Case Rep 2019 8;27:100836. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Biochemisry Department, Benha University, Egypt.

inhalation of benzene vapours promote various and dangerous health problems. Fuel station workers are most susceptible to benzene inhalation toxicity. Samples were collected twice, at beginning of the study and 6 months later from 40 fuel station workers from different egyptian governorates and 10 control healthy volunteers. Read More

Aquat Toxicol 2019 Apr 12;211:193-201. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, Rende, Cosenza, 87036, Italy. Electronic address:

Lead is one of the most alarming toxic pollutants for the environment due to its acute toxicity and high bioaccumulation tendency. Despite legislative efforts, world lead production has more than doubled since the early 1970s to 2016. Due to extensive exploitation and human activity, the coastal and estuarine regions belong to marine environments that are mostly and more rapidly deteriorated by pollutants including lead. Read More

Radiother Oncol 2019 May 26;134:199-203. Epub 2019 Feb 26.

Japan Clinical Cancer Research Organization, Tokyo, Japan.

Purpose: The study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of adding oxaliplatin to py (CRT) with S-1 in patients with locally advanced rectal carcinoma (LARC). We report here the final results of the study.

Patients And Methods: Patients with histopathologically confirmed LARC (cT3-T4, any N) were eligible. Read More

Med Res Rev 2019 Apr 19. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Bacterial infections are an increasingly serious issue worldwide. The inability of existing therapies to treat multidrug-resistant pathogens has been recognized as an important challenge of the 21st century. Efflux pumps are important in both intrinsic and acquired bacterial resistance and identification of small molecule efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs), capable of restoring the effectiveness of available antibiotics, is an active research field. Read More

Int J Pharm 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan. Electronic address:

Liposomal anticancer drugs have been developed with improved clinical effects and reduced side effects. We have developed a PEGylated liposomal formulation of oxaliplatin that has anticancer effects in animal models of colorectal cancer with a favorable toxicity profile. To move this formulation into clinical development, a formulation that is stable during long term storage is needed, which has similar pharmacokinetics and therapeutic activity against solid tumors to the original formulation. Read More

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019 Apr 19. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.

Heavy metal pollution, in particular with cadmium (Cd), threatens both the environment and human health. The phytoremediation of contaminated soil is one recently developed eco-friendly technique that can be applied to mitigate this issue. Repairing Cd-contaminated paddy soil during the fallow winter period can ensure future rice production while reducing heavy metal pollution. Read More

Environ Pollut 2019 Apr 8;250:262-273. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China. Electronic address:

Dibenzofuran (DBF) derivatives have caused serious environmental problems, especially those produced by paper pulp bleaching and incineration processes. Prominent for its resilient mutagenicity and toxicity, DBF poses a major challenge to human health. In the present study, a new strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, FA-HZ1, with high DBF-degrading activity was isolated and identified. Read More

Chemosphere 2019 Apr 8;227:329-333. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany.

Brominated flame retardants are often associated with adverse environmental effects. Nevertheless, these chemicals are required in order to comply with fire safety standards. Therefore, a better environmental profile is desirable. Read More

Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019 Mar 29;8(2):157-171. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

Department of Pharmacy , Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani (BITS Pilani) , Vidya Vihar Campus , Street number 41 , Pilani , 333031 , Rajasthan , India . Email: ; Email: ; Tel: +91 1596 255652 ; Tel: +91-7709129400.

Linear drug toxicity models like therapeutic index (TI), physicochemical rules (rule of five, 3/75), ligand efficiency indices (LEI), ideal pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles are widely used in drug discovery and development. In spite of this, predicting drug toxicity at various stages remains challenging and the overall productivity (<20%) and ultimate benefit to the patients remain low. A simple drug toxicity model, "Drug Toxicity Index" (DTI), is developed here using 711 oral drugs. Read More

Iran J Microbiol 2019 Feb;11(1):55-59

Department of Microbiology and Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute and Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background And Objectives: Expressions of A and B genes of are associated with bacterium pathogenicity. The present study was aimed to assess the effect of essential oil (SKEO) extract on expression of A and B genes in .

Materials And Methods: isolates were cultured in Mueller Hinton broth containing sub-inhibitory concentrations of SKEO and total RNA extracted using Trizol method. Read More

ACS Med Chem Lett 2019 Apr 29;10(4):528-533. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.

Chemical modulation of the flavonol 2-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-chromen-4-one (), a promising anti-Trypanosomatid agent previously identified, was evaluated through a phenotypic screening approach. Herein, we have performed structure-activity relationship studies around hit compound . The pivaloyl derivative () showed significant anti- activity (EC = 1. Read More

Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2019 Jan-Dec;13:1753944719843435

Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Division, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

The emergence of various targeted anticancer agents has led us to uncharted territory secondary to their cardiotoxic potential with many burning questions, which in turn has led to the evolution of the cardio-oncology field. These targeted agents differ in their cardiovascular complication (CVC) potential even within the same class and it is very difficult to design screening tests that can predict CVCs. Moreover, there is a need for more research to answer many crucial questions, since these toxicities are unanticipated and can lead to poor overall survival of cancer patients. Read More

Org Biomol Chem 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.

Drug induced liver injury (DILI) and tissue discoloration led to the recent discontinuation of the therapeutic use of the closely related drugs flupirtine and retigabine, respectively. Experience gained with these drugs strongly suggests that heterotetramer, voltage-gated potassium channels 2 and 3 (KV7.2/3) are valid targets for effective treatment of pain and epilepsy. Read More

Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2018 Nov 28;18(4):e529-e532. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Tehran, Iran.

Opium users may present with central or peripheral nervous system-related symptoms, gastrointestinal complications and anaemia; in such cases, lead poisoning should be suspected and chelation therapy initiated as soon as possible. We report a 64-year-old male patient with a 20-year history of opium addiction who was referred to the Imam Reza Hospital, Birjand, Iran, in 2017 with severe motor neuropathy and in both upper limbs. His primary symptoms were generalised weakness, abdominal and bone pain, constipation and lower limb paraesthesia that had started several months prior. Read More

Pharmaceutics 2019 Apr 4;11(4). Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Ramón y Cajal square, 28040 Madrid, Spain.

Hydroquinone (HQ) is an anti-hyperpigmentation agent with poor physicochemical stability. HQ formulations are currently elaborated by compounding in local pharmacies. Variability in the characteristics of HQ topical formulations can lead to remarkable differences in terms of their stability, efficacy, and toxicity. Read More

Toxins (Basel) 2019 Apr 4;11(4). Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901 MG, Brazil.

Bacterial keratitis is an ocular infection that can lead to severe visual disability. is a major pathogen of the eye. We recently demonstrated the strong antimicrobial activity of LyeTxI-b, a synthetic peptide derived from a toxin. Read More

Environ Res 2019 Apr 4;173:517-527. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Marine Ecosystem Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, South Korea; Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA. Electronic address:

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are becoming a more serious ecological threat to marine environments; they not only produce toxins, resulting in the death of marine organisms, but they also adversely affect biodiversity, which is an indicator of the health of an ecosystem. Thus, to mitigate HABs, numerous studies have been conducted to develop an effective algicide, but few studies have elucidated the effect of algicides on marine environmental health. In this study, thiazolidinedione derivative 49 (TD49), which has been developed as an algicide for the dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama, was used, and we investigated changes in phytoplankton biomass (abundance, chlorophyll a, and carbon biomass) and biodiversity (diversity, evenness, and richness) following the application of TD49. Read More

Chemosphere 2019 Apr 5;227:179-190. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar143005, Punjab, India. Electronic address:

Heavy metals are well recognised for their toxicity and pose human health risks even at very low levels. In the present work, groundwater from Ropar wetland, Punjab, India and its environs (18 sites), were analysed for physico-chemical parameters, water quality indices, heavy metal contents (cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, lead and zinc) and possible health risks posed to adults and children during summer and winter seasons. Groundwater was slightly-alkaline, non-saline and hard which may be suitable for irrigation purposes. Read More

Life Sci 2019 Apr 12. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.

Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of diallyl sulfide (DAS), a natural component of garlic (Allium sativum), in the improvement of lead (Pb)-induced testicular toxicity and its underlying mechanisms.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-two male albino rats were randomly divided into control, PbAc (20 mg lead acetate/kg bwt, orally), DAS (200 mg/kg bwt, orally), and PbAc + DAS groups for 49 successive days. The investigation based on the following criteria: Paired testes and epididymides weights, epididymal sperm analysis, level of serum sex hormones (Testosterone and17β-estradiol (E2)), aromatase (CYP19) expression, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric oxide (NO), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme, reduced glutathione (GSH), testicular histopathology, spermatogenesis score and apoptosis detection (Caspase-3 immunoexpression). Read More

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Lead-free double perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as a new category of materials that hold the potential for overcoming the instability and toxicity issues of lead-based counterparts. Doping chemistry represents a unique avenue towards tuning and optimizing the intrinsic optical and electronic properties of semiconductor materials. In this study, we report the first example of doping Yb3+ ions into lead-free double perovskite Cs2AgBiX6 (X = Cl-, Br-) NCs via a hot injection method. Read More

Front Oncol 2019 26;9:176. Epub 2019 Mar 26.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have shown great success in the treatment of CD19+ hematological malignancies, leading to their recent approval by the FDA as a new cancer treatment modality. However, their broad use is limited since a CAR targets a single tumor associated antigen (TAA), which is not effective against tumors with heterogeneous TAA expression or emerging antigen loss variants. Further, stably engineered CAR T cells can continually and uncontrollably proliferate and activate in response to antigen, potentially causing fatal on-target off-tumor toxicity, cytokine release syndrome, or neurotoxicity without a method of control or elimination. Read More

Curr Epidemiol Rep 2018 Dec 2;5(4):450-460. Epub 2018 Oct 2.

Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Epigenetic processes represent important mechanisms underlying developmental plasticity in response to environmental exposures. The current review discusses three classes of environmentally-induced epigenetic changes reflecting two aspects of that plasticity, toxicity effects as well as adaptation in the process of development.

Recent Findings: Due to innate resilience, epigenetic changes caused by environmental exposures may not always lead impairments but may allow the organisms to achieve positive developmental outcomes through appropriate adaptation and a buffering response. Read More

Rev Prat 2019 Mar;69(3):301-306

CNR des Herpesvirus, laboratoire de bactériologievirologie-hygiène, CHU de Limoges, université de Limoges, Inserm, RESINFIT, U1092, Limoges, France.

Cytomegalovirus infections. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections, which are common in children and adolescents, are often asymptomatic or with little specific signs. When they occur in adults, clinical forms may be more severe even in the immunocompetent. Read More

Oncol Res 2019 Apr 8. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.

Over the past decade, natural compounds have been proved to be effective against many human diseases, including cancers. Triptolide (TPL), a diterpenoid triepoxide from the Chinese herb T. wilfordii Hook F, has exhibited attractive cytotoxic activity on several cancer cells. Read More

Water Res 2019 Apr 5;157:472-482. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China. Electronic address:

As one of the key economic modes in China, chemical industry park (CIP) has made great contribution to the Chinese rapid economic growth. Concomitantly, how to effectively and safely dispose of the CIP wastewater (CIPWW) has been an unavoidable issue. Molecular transformation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in CIPWW treatment is essential to optimize the employed process and to provide solid basis for risk evaluation of the discharged effluent as well. Read More

Environ Int 2019 Apr 11;127:558-572. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; Water Innovation & Research Centre (WIRC), University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK. Electronic address:

Chiral pharmaceutically active compounds (cPACs) are not currently governed by environmental regulation yet are expected to be in the future. As cPACs can exert stereospecific toxicity in the aquatic environment, it is essential to better understand their stereoselective behaviour here. Therefore, this study aims to provide a new perspective towards comprehensive evaluation of cPACs at a river catchment level, including their stereochemistry as a chemical phenomenon driving fate of chiral molecules in the environment. Read More

Toxicol Lett 2019 Apr 11;310:39-50. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.

This study explored the role of gasotransmitters in lead-induced nephrotoxicity. Long-term exposure of rats to lead resulted in its accumulation in kidney. The accumulated metal impaired kidney function and structure. Read More

Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019 Apr 10;372:11-18. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

Observation Station for Fishery Resource and Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China. Electronic address:

Although polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are known to disturb thyroid hormone signaling, the mechanisms underlying the effects of 2,2',4,4'5 - pentain polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE-99) in fish remain unclear. In order to reveal these mechanisms, adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to different concentrations of BDE-99 (0, 0.5, 5, or 50 μg/L) for 28 days and spawned by mating naturally in clean water (without BDE-99). Read More

J Microbiol Methods 2019 Apr 9;161:35-42. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 192-1 Hyoja-dong, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon-si 200-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

A fed-batch bioreactor based on sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) was tested for rapid detection of heavy metal-induced toxicity in water. For this evaluation, SOB were exposed to water contaminated by selenium, mercury, hexavalent chromium, arsenic, cyanide, cadmium, and lead for 2 h and their inhibition rates were analyzed based on changes in electrical conductivity (EC). The results demonstrate that SOB were highly inhibited by selenium, mercury, hexavalent chromium, and arsenic but not by cyanide, cadmium, and lead. Read More

Mech Ageing Dev 2019 Apr 10;180:70-81. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China. Electronic address:

Recently, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) have nuclear localization and nuclear exclusion signals and shuttle between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Thus, we hypothesised that astragaloside IV (AS-IV) induction nuclear import of Nrf2 and ferulic acid (FA) inhibition nuclear export of Nrf2 contribute to synergistic antioxidant effects of combination of FA and AS-IV (FA/AS-IV). Here, we have demonstrated that FA/AS-IV enhances neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells challenged with lead acetate (PbAc) via antioxidant properties in a synergistic manner. Read More

Aging Cell 2019 Apr 11:e12922. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.

α-Synuclein (aSyn) toxicity is associated with cell cycle alterations, activation of DNA damage responses (DDR), and deregulation of autophagy. However, the relationships between these phenomena remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that in a yeast model of aSyn toxicity and aging, aSyn expression induces Ras2-dependent growth signaling, cell cycle re-entry, DDR activation, autophagy, and autophagic degradation of ribonucleotide reductase 1 (Rnr1), a protein required for the activity of ribonucleotide reductase and dNTP synthesis. Read More

J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019 Apr 11. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Department of Materials Science &Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.

An oronasal fistula is a passage between the oral and nasal cavity. Currently, surgical procedures use mucosal flaps or collagen grafts to make a barrier between oral and nasal cavities. Our aim was to develop a cell-free synthetic repair material for closure of nasal fistulas. Read More

Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019 Mar 27;7(6):973-977. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.

Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been introduced for the treatment of lung cancer, improving progression-free survival, objective response rate, and quality of life. However, TKIs can lead to cutaneous toxicities, including papulopustular rash, xerosis, paronychia with/without pyogenic granulomas, scalp disorders, facial hair and/or eyelash growth.

Aim: In this study, we describe retrospectively all cases of mucocutaneous side effects in patients with lung cancer under TKIs referring to our outpatient for the skin care of oncological patients. Read More

Polyhedron 2019 May 23;163:42-53. Epub 2019 Feb 23.

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Southwestern Oklahoma State University. 100 Campus Drive, Weatherford, Ok 73096.

A total of 44 bis-aryl-monocyclic polyamines, monoaryl-monocyclic polyamines and their transition metal complexes were prepared, chemically characterized, and screened in vitro against the promastigotes, axenic amastigotes and intracellular amastigotes in THP1 cells. The IC and/or IC values showed that 10 compounds were similarly active at about 2-fold less potent than known drug pentamidine against promastigotes. The most potent compound had an IC of 2. Read More

Nat Rev Dis Primers 2019 Apr 11;5(1):24. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

The spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a genetically heterogeneous group of autosomal dominantly inherited progressive disorders, the clinical hallmark of which is loss of balance and coordination accompanied by slurred speech; onset is most often in adult life. Genetically, SCAs are grouped as repeat expansion SCAs, such as SCA3/Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), and rare SCAs that are caused by non-repeat mutations, such as SCA5. Most SCA mutations cause prominent damage to cerebellar Purkinje neurons with consecutive cerebellar atrophy, although Purkinje neurons are only mildly affected in some SCAs. Read More