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Acc Chem Res 2019 Apr 8. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287-5306 , United States.

Since first hypothesizing the existence of nanobubbles (NBs) in 1994, the empirical study of NB properties and commercialization of NB generators have rapidly evolved. NBs are stable spherical packages of gas within liquid and are operationally defined as having diameters less than 1000 nm, though they are typically in the range of 100 nm in one dimension. While theories still lack the ability to explain empirical evidence for formation of stable NBs in water, numerous NB applications have emerged in different fields, including water and wastewater purification where NBs offer the potential to replace or improve efficiency of current treatment processes. Read More

J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019 Mar 28:e22327. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Department of Biochemistry, Nutritional and Industrial Biochemistry Laboratories, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

The present study investigated the impact of coexposure to fluoride and diethylnitrosamine (DEN) on hepatorenal function in adult rats. The animals were exposed to fluoride (15 mg/L in drinking water) and DEN (10 mg/kg) singly or coexposed to both compounds for 14 days. Results demonstrated that the fluoride or DEN mediated increase in hepatorenal toxicity was intensified in the coexposure group. Read More

Environ Pollut 2019 Mar 14;249:423-433. Epub 2019 Mar 14.

Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.

The high concentration of fluoride (F) in soils has become a rising concern for its toxicity to microbes, plants, animals and human health. In the present study, the spatial and vertical distribution, health risk assessment and anthropogenic sources of F in farmland soils in an industrial area dominated by phosphate chemical plants were studied. Concentrations of total fluoride (TF) and water soluble fluoride (WSF) in the surface soils decreased with distance within the range of 2500 m at the prevailing downwind of the industrial area. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019 Mar 21;16(6). Epub 2019 Mar 21.

School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.

In this study, the concentration of fluoride and the associated health risks for infants, children, and adults were analyzed and compared for three drinking water sources in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, China. To analyze the relationship between the water quality parameters of pH, fluoride (F), sulfate (SO₄), chloride (Cl), total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity (TAlk), sodium (Na⁺), and potassium (K⁺), statistical analyses including correlation analysis, R-mode cluster analysis and factor analysis were performed based on monthly data from the year 2010 to 2015. The results indicated: (1) Fluoride concentrations in the drinking water sources ranged from 0. Read More

J Biomed Nanotechnol 2019 Apr;15(4):848-855

The recent studies on fluorapatite and hydroxyapatite, in the context of their medical applications, have shown that the former has relatively higher thermal stability and better mechanical properties than the latter. Moreover, the presence of fluoride ions is relevant for protection of teeth from dental caries since they stimulate processes of mineralization and crystallization. In this report, a silver modified fluorapatite (FAP/Ag), considered as a novel biomedical compound, was tested for its bactericidal, fungicidal and cytotoxicity activity. Read More

Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018 18;6:183. Epub 2019 Feb 18.

Bio&Hydrometallurgy Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.

Bioleaching is a mature technology, which is widely employed commercially in the leaching of primary sources of metals (ores, concentrates, and mine residues). The current work discussed the effects of aluminum sulfate additions to the growth medium, PLS recirculation and bleeding on the column bioleaching of secondary copper sulfide ores with a significant content of fluoride-containing minerals. Fluoride is toxic to bacteria at the pH of bioleaching but its toxicity may be overcome in the presence of soluble aluminum and ferric iron. Read More

Semin Nephrol 2019 Mar;39(2):132-140

Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI. Electronic address:

The kidneys are a frequent target organ for toxicity from exposures to various environmental chemicals and agents. To understand the risk to human health from such exposures, it is important to consider both the underlying chemical and pathologic mechanisms and factors that may modify susceptibility to injury. Choices of exemplary environmental agents to review are based on those with selective effects on the kidneys and for which significant amounts of mechanistic and human data are available. Read More

Chemosphere 2019 May 14;223:406-415. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Plant Eco-physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address:

An original research was laid out as factorial to evaluate the possible effects of biochar (0, 25 and 50 g kg soil) on mitigating fluoride toxicity (non-contamination, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg NaF kg soil) in safflower seedlings. Increasing fluoride toxicity up to 200 mg NaF kg soil did not decrease the safflower growth. However, the growth of plants under 400 and 800 mg NaF kg was reduced by enhancing soluble fluoride concentration in the soil. Read More

Acta Odontol Scand 2019 Feb 20:1-8. Epub 2019 Feb 20.

e Division for Mutagenesis , Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health , Zagreb , Croatia.

Objectives: The present study addresses the effect of fluoride and sodium lauryl sulphate content of toothpaste on oral epithelial cells in vivo conditions.

Subjects And Method: Forty volunteers were assigned into two experimental groups, each of them applying the different brand of toothpaste. Every group has been using three different types of toothpaste (non-fluoride and non-SLS, fluoride and non-SLS, and the fluoride and SLS) of the same brand for 6 months, each for 2 months. Read More

Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany. Electronic address:

Fungi have evolved specific export activities to balance intracellular levels of the toxic ion fluoride, while the first-line antimycotic voriconazole contains fluorine. This study aimed to explore whether impaired fluoride export might result in altered susceptibilities of the human pathogenic mould Aspergillus fumigatus towards this antifungal compound. Functional characterization of the putative fluoride exporter in A. Read More

J Am Chem Soc 2019 Feb 11;141(7):3052-3058. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO) and ‡Electronic Workshop, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC) , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais) , Rue de l'Industrie 17 , 1951 Sion , Switzerland.

Prolonged consumption of water contaminated with fluoride ions (F) at concentrations exceeding 1.5 ppm can lead to considerable health implications, particularly in children and developing embryos. With irreversible and potentially severe forms of fluoride (F) toxicity such as skeletal fluorosis being endemic in at least 25 countries, constructing affordable, remote-access, reliable water-sampling methods for F contamination is an important goal. Read More

ChemMedChem 2019 Apr 22;14(7):788-795. Epub 2019 Feb 22.

GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging, Université de Liège, Cyclotron Research Centre, Quartier Agora, allée du VI août 8, 4000, Liège, Belgium.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a significant burden on society. In the search for new AD drugs, modulators of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) are of particular interest, as loss of synaptic AMPARs has been linked to AD learning and memory deficits. Previously reported fluorine-containing BPAM121, an AMPA positive allosteric modulator (pam) with high activity, low toxicity, and slow metabolism, was considered to be a perfect F-labeled candidate for positron emission tomography (PET) AD diagnostic investigations. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2019 May 25;663:307-314. Epub 2019 Jan 25.

Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.

Untreated industrial sewage and domestic wastewater irrigation has led to agricultural soil-crop system contamination by heavy metals and fluoride in Dongdagou and Xidagou stream basins, Baiyin city, China. A total of 36 pairs of soil and wheat samples (roots, stalks, leaves, husks, and grains) and 42 pairs of soil and maize samples (roots, stalk1, stalk2, stalk3, leaves, husks, corncobs and grains) were collected from Dongdagou and Xidagou stream basins to examine the accumulation, fractionation, correlation of heavy metals and F in soil-crop systems. Risks posed by heavy metals and F in this system to human health was also assessed. Read More

J Hazard Mater 2019 Apr 25;368:421-428. Epub 2019 Jan 25.

State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.

The employment of copper-containing antibacterial agents for membrane modification can constrain undesirable bacterial adhesion and growth in an effective and economical way. However, copper ion may be leached out and cause further toxicity after applying those materials for membrane processes. Therefore, in this study, nano CuAlO spinel was synthesized as a novel copper-containing material which was expected to have good antibacterial activity and simultaneously stabilize copper ions by its intrinsic structure. Read More

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019 May 21;172:40-44. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Department of Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China. Electronic address:

A number of epidemiological studies have reported that chronic exposure to high concentrations of fluoride not only causes dental and skeletal fluorosis but additionally affects serum levels of reproductive hormones. However, possible interaction between fluoride exposure and estrogen receptor alpha (ESRα) gene polymorphisms on sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and androgen binding protein (ABP) of male farmers has not been detailed. Here, we conducted a cross-sectional study including 348 male farmers with different fluoride exposure levels from drinking water in Henan province of China to explore effects of fluoride exposure and ESRα genetic variation on serum SHBG and ABP levels. Read More

Pharm Biol 2019 Dec;57(1):29-37

a Key Laborotory Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China.

Context: Compounds to treat hypothyroidism in the absence of cardiac side effects are urgently required. In this regard, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has gained interest due to its anti-anxiolytic, antihypertensive and antioxidant properties, and reported benefits to the thyroid system.

Objective: We investigated the ability of GABA to ameliorate fluoride-induced thyroid injury in mice, and investigated the mechanism(s) associated with GABA-induced protection. Read More

Indian J Med Res 2018 Nov;148(5):539-547

Centre for Promotion of Nutrition Research and Training with special focus on North East, tribal & Inaccessible Population, Division of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (Campus II), Tuberculosis Association of India Building, New Delhi; ICMR-Desert Medicine Research Centre, Jodhpur, India.

The review on fluorosis addresses the genesis of the disease, diagnostic protocols developed, mitigation and recovery through nutritional interventions. It reveals the structural and functional damages caused to skeletal muscle and erythrocytes, leading to clinical manifestations in fluorosis. Hormonal derangements resulting in serious abnormalities in the health of children and adults are discussed. Read More

Reprod Toxicol 2019 03 8;84:98-107. Epub 2019 Jan 8.

College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, PR China. Electronic address:

We previously investigated excessive fluoride exposure elicited intracellular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and led to Sertoli cells dysfunction in vitro. However, the mechanisms underlying fluoride-mediated male reproductive damage in vivo remain largely unknown. Considerable evidence has now revealed ER stress is closely linked with testicular oxidative damage. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019 Mar 7;103(5):2403-2412. Epub 2019 Jan 7.

School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China.

Fluoride toxicity to microorganisms was a predominant factor contributing to the failure of a commercial scale bioleach heap. An integrated control strategy for fluoride complexation without jarosite generation by stepwise adding ferric ions was first proposed to enable the bioleaching of the chalcopyrite associated with fluoride-bearing gangue mineral by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Chemical speciation calculation revealed that with the presence of Fe, the concentration of the main lethal fluoride to microorganism, HF, decreased dramatically. Read More

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019 Apr 15;170:521-529. Epub 2018 Dec 15.

Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA. Electronic address:

Fish embryos are increasingly being utilized in aquatic toxicity testing, as evidenced by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's approval of the fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) test. However, the FET test only allows for the estimation of acute toxicity, whereas other test methods such as the larval growth and survival (LGS) test allow for the estimation of both acute and chronic toxicity. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that the FET test is less sensitive than other test methods for some neurotoxic compounds. Read More

Chemosphere 2019 Mar 7;219:607-616. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India. Electronic address:

A comprehensive study of seasonal variation of uranium distribution in groundwater of Amritsar, Gurdaspur and Pathankot districts of Punjab, India and assessment of associated radiological risks, chemical risks and effective radiation dose for different age groups, was conducted to determine its health impact on humans residing in these regions. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, total hardness and contents of various anions such as carbonates/bicarbonates, chlorides, fluorides, nitrates, sulphates and phosphates in groundwater were also analysed to determine correlation between groundwater chemistry and uranium distribution. The average values of uranium concentration in ground water samples of Amritsar, Gurdaspur and Pathankot districts were found to be 8. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2018 Dec 9;19(12). Epub 2018 Dec 9.

Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.

The etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease has not been fully explained. Now, the disease is widely attributed both to genetic and environmental factors. It is believed that only a small percentage of new AD cases result solely from genetic mutations, with most cases attributed to environmental factors or to the interaction of environmental factors with preexistent genetic determinants. Read More

Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2018 Oct;36(10):721-727

Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.

To explore the role of mitochondrial biogenesis and the neuroprotective mechanism of resveratrol in fluoride neurotoxicity. SH-SY5Y cells in exponential phase were treated with different concentrations (20, 40, 60 mg/L) of sodium fluoride (NaF) for 24 h. Co-treatment with 60 mg/L NaF, 20 μmol/L resveratrol (RSV) was administrated in the resveratrol intervene trial. Read More

Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019 Mar 4;211:125-131. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.

Hydrazine (NH) and fluoride ion (F) are regarded as environmental pollutants and potential carcinogens. A dual-functional fluorescent probe (probe 1) was developed for both F and NH with high selectivity and sensitivity. 1 was based on nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction for NH detection and selective cleavage of 4-nitrobenzenesulphonyl group for the determination of F. Read More

Mol Cell Biochem 2019 Apr 5;454(1-2):77-85. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.

Fluorosis and bone pathologies can be caused by chronic and/or excessive fluoride intake. Despite this, few studies have been conducted on the cellular mechanisms underlying osteoblast toxicity in the presence of NaF. Here, we investigated the effects of fluoride on MC3T3-E1 cells. Read More

J Cell Biochem 2018 Dec 2. Epub 2018 Dec 2.

Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, India.

Echis carinatus envenomation leads to severe tissue necrosis at the bitten site by releasing DNA from immune cells that blocks the blood flow. An earlier report has shown that exogenous DNase 1 offers protection against such severe local tissue necrosis. Tricosanthus tricuspidata is a medicinal plant and the paste prepared from its leaves has been used extensively for the treatment of snakebite-induced tissue necrosis. Read More

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019 Jan 26;26(3):2671-2680. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 13 Wuhe Avenue, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, People's Republic of China.

Long-term occupational exposure to low level of fluoride can induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in many cells, including lymphocyte. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Hence, this study was designed to explore the potential oxidative stress and apoptosis of long-term occupational exposure to low level of fluoride in aluminum smelter workers. Read More

Biofactors 2018 Nov 26;44(6):518-531. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, NSB303, Sr. Scientist & Head, Vascular Biology Unit, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, COPHS, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA.

The use of sodium fluoride (NaF) as a major ingredient for tooth paste, mouth wash, and mouth rinse has become inevitable in our day-to-day life. However, flavonoids such as Luteolin might be of great value in the prevention of toxicity associated with accidental or inevitable ingestion of NaF. In the study, 40 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups with 10 rats in a group. Read More

Hum Exp Toxicol 2018 Nov 25:960327118814161. Epub 2018 Nov 25.

National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA.

This review covers nearly 100 years of studies on the toxicity of fluoride on human and animal kidneys. These studies reveal that there are direct adverse effects on the kidneys by excess fluoride, leading to kidney damage and dysfunction. With the exception of the pineal gland, the kidney is exposed to higher concentrations of fluoride than all other soft tissues. Read More

Nutrients 2018 Nov 21;10(11). Epub 2018 Nov 21.

Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, The Royal Children's Hospital, 3052 Melbourne, Australia.

Routine administration of trace elements is recognised as a standard of care in children requiring parenteral nutrition. However, there is a lack of global consensus regarding trace elements provision and dosing in pediatric parenteral nutrition. This review provides an overview of available evidence regarding trace elements supply and posology in parenteral nutrition in neonates and children. Read More

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019 Mar 20;169:410-417. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

Health and Toxicity Cell, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India.

Fluoride is an essential trace element required for proper bone and tooth development. Systemic high exposure to fluoride through environmental exposure (drinking water and food) may result in toxicity causing a disorder called fluorosis. In the present study, we investigated the alteration in DNA methylation profile with chronic exposure (30 days) to fluoride (8 mg/l) and its relevance in the development of fluorosis. Read More

Toxicol Ind Health 2019 Jan 21;35(1):43-52. Epub 2018 Nov 21.

College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of excessive fluoride on spleen toxicity. Twenty-four healthy female rats were randomly divided into two groups, each of 12 rats. Each group of female rats was given a control diet and either F = 0 mg/L or an excessive F = 150 mg/L in the drinking water for 120 days. Read More

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018 Nov;52(11):1182-1187

Binhai New Area Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300453, China.

To explore the effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in thyroid injury of rats caused by excessive fluoride intake. All 40 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, control group, low fluoride group, medium fluoride group and high fluoride group. The rats in control group were fed with tap water (fluoride concentratio0. Read More

Ceylon Med J 2018 Sep;63(3):139-142

Registrar, Ceylon Medical College Council, Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Background: The WHO recommended safe upper limit for fluoride in drinking water is 1.5 mg/l. Groundwater sources in many parts of Sri Lanka often exceed this limit. Read More

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019 Jan 9;26(1):721-737. Epub 2018 Nov 9.

Advanced Materials Group, Materials Science & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, 785006, India.

Gainful utilization of stems of the pernicious weed, Ipomoea carnea, to prepare good quality carbon and its modification with aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOOH) nanoparticles for efficient defluoridation from contaminated drinking water is discussed in this paper. Surface functional groups are enhanced by functionalization of the carbons under acid treatment which acted as anchor to the AlOOH nanoparticles. Formation of AlOOH particles over the carbon surface is confirmed from X-ray diffractometry analysis. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2018 Nov 11;16(5):3759-3765. Epub 2018 Sep 11.

Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.

Amelogenesis is a complicated process that concerns the interaction between growing hydroxyapatite crystals and extracellular proteins, which requires the tight regulation of pH. In dental fluorosis, the balance of pH regulation is broken, leading to abnormal mineralization. The current review focuses on the electrolyte transport processes associated with pH homeostasis, particularly regarding the changes in ion transporters that occur during amelogenesis, following exposure to excessive fluoride. Read More

Chem Commun (Camb) 2018 Nov;54(92):12990-12993

State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.

Upon surface functionalization and stabilization of β-NaYF4:Yb/Er upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with phosphoryl pillar[5]arenes (PP5) via a facile ligand exchange method, we constructed a new hybrid material (PP5-UCNPs) with good water dispersibility especially in a physiological environment and superior capability of controlled cargo release and cell imaging. Read More

Prev Nutr Food Sci 2018 Sep 30;23(3):171-180. Epub 2018 Sep 30.

Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh 72, Lebanon.

Fluoride is one of the most abundant elements found in nature. Water is the major dietary source of fluoride. The only known association with low fluoride intake is the risk of dental caries. Read More

Environ Pollut 2019 Jan 10;244:534-548. Epub 2018 Oct 10.

Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya Deemed to be University, University Road, Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India. Electronic address:

Fluoride is a well-known compound for its usefulness in healing dental caries. Similarly, fluoride is also known for its toxicity to various tissues in animals and humans. It causes skeletal fluorosis leading to osteoporosis of the bones. Read More

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018 Oct 30. Epub 2018 Oct 30.

College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China.

Three new anticoagulant rodenticides R, R, and R were designed. The containing fluorine acute toxicity groups was added to 1,3-indandione derivative. Analysis method of synthesized anticoagulant rodenticides were IR, H NMR. Read More

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018 Dec 29;25(36):36462-36473. Epub 2018 Oct 29.

Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India.

Lipid peroxidation and ROS generation are the pathogenesis of chronic fluoride toxicity, and its detrimental effects on human reproduction are noted drastically. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the defensive effects of soy protein concentrate (SPC) against sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced uterine dysfunction at biochemical and histological level. Rats were randomly distributed into four groups as control, NaF-treated (200 ppm), and SPC co-administered groups (20 mg and 40 mg/ 100 g body weight) for 16 days. Read More

Toxicol Ind Health 2018 Dec 25;34(12):813-818. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

1 Department of Zoology, University of Mysore, Mysore, India.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the toxic effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) on sperm motility and abnormality. Treatment of epididymal sperm suspensions with different doses of NaF (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 mg/ml) significantly reduced sperm motility at 15- and 30-min time intervals. Read More

J Biophotonics 2019 Apr 2;12(4):e201800256. Epub 2019 Jan 2.

Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with sodium yttrium fluoride, NaYF (host lattice) doped with Yb (sensitizer) and Er (activator) were synthesized via hydrothermal route incorporating polyethyleneimine (PEI) for their long-term stability in water. The cationic PEI-modified UCNPs with diameter 20 ± 4 nm showed a zeta potential value of +36.5 mV and showed an intense, visible red luminescence and low-intensity green emission with 976 nm laser excitation. Read More

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018 Oct;59(12):4841-4846

Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany.

Purpose: Reactive and underfluorinated impurities are acknowledged as a source of cytotoxicity of perfluorocarbon liquids (PFCLs) used as blood substitutes. To determine whether this is also a relevant factor in retinal toxicity, we analyzed eight PFO batches associated with adverse ocular events.

Methods: (A) The amount of reactive and underflurinated impurities was analyzed by fluoride-selective potentiometry and expressed as H-value. Read More

Chemosphere 2019 Jan 8;215:619-625. Epub 2018 Oct 8.

College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan, PR China. Electronic address:

Excessive fluoride intake has a strong female reproductive toxicity, which can result in follicular developmental dysplasia and decrease oocytes developmental potential. The underlying mechanisms of fluoride-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in ovarian granulosa cells remain largely unknown. In this study, the ultrastructure changes of mitochondria and DNA damage in ovarian granulosa cells were observed under transmission electron microscope and TUNEL staining. Read More

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018 Dec 18;25(34):33926-33935. Epub 2018 Oct 18.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.

Fluorine or fluoride can have toxic effects on bone tissue and soft tissue at high concentrations. These negative effects include but not limited to cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, blood toxicity, and oxidative damage. Apoptosis plays an important role in fluoride-induced toxicity of kidney, liver, spleen, thymus, bursa of Fabricius, cecal tonsil, and cultured cells. Read More

Chemosphere 2019 Jan 13;215:454-460. Epub 2018 Oct 13.

Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030801, China. Electronic address:

We established the mouse model of fluoride (68 mg F ion/L deionized water) exposure for 90 days, 120 days and 150 days, and applied diverse methods as behavioral models of anxiety and depression, and analyzed the levels of the anxiety- and depression-like related genes like BDNF1, BDNF4, 5-HT1A, VGLUT, GAD67, and VGAT in the mouse hippocampus. In the mice exposed to NaF for 120 days, compared to the control group, chalky opacity was observed on the enamel of teeth; the results of anxiety-like behavior, like elevated zero maze, light/dark exploration test, novel object recognition test and emergence test were significantly altered, however in the mice exposed for 150 days, only the elevated zero maze and emergence test were significantly altered. Also, the results of depression-like behavior were significantly altered in the 120 days treated mice. Read More

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018 Dec 15;25(34):34753-34764. Epub 2018 Oct 15.

Plant diversity and Ecosystems in Dry Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia.

A field study was conducted along a fluorine gradient of soil pollution in Tunisia from Gabes, the most polluted site, to Smara, the reference site. Variations of fluoride (F) concentrations in soils were detected over 1 year in Gabes, Skhira, and Smara. F concentrations in the aerial part of two native plant species, i. Read More

Environ Int 2018 12 10;121(Pt 1):667-674. Epub 2018 Oct 10.

Psychology Department, Faculty of Health, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto M3J 1P3, ON, Canada. Electronic address:

Background: Fluoride exposure has the potential to disrupt thyroid functioning, though adequate iodine intake may mitigate this effect. This is the first population-based study to examine the impact of chronic low-level fluoride exposure on thyroid function, while considering iodine status. The objective of this study was to determine whether urinary iodine status modifies the effect of fluoride exposure on thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Read More

Clin Oral Investig 2018 Oct 12. Epub 2018 Oct 12.

Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate microbiological changes, oral soft tissue toxicity, and caries-preventive effect of an experimental titanium tetrafluoride (TiF) varnish compared with a commercially available fluoride varnish (NaF), using in situ and in vivo models.

Materials And Methods: The treatment groups were the following: TiF varnish (experimental varnish), Duraphat® (fluoride positive control), placebo varnish (no fluoride), and no treatment (negative control). The varnishes were applied once over the enamel surface using a microbrush. Read More