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Chemosphere 2019 Feb 14;223:406-415. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Plant Eco-physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address:

An original research was laid out as factorial to evaluate the possible effects of biochar (0, 25 and 50 g kg soil) on mitigating fluoride toxicity (non-contamination, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg NaF kg soil) in safflower seedlings. Increasing fluoride toxicity up to 200 mg NaF kg soil did not decrease the safflower growth. However, the growth of plants under 400 and 800 mg NaF kg was reduced by enhancing soluble fluoride concentration in the soil. Read More

Acta Odontol Scand 2019 Feb 20:1-8. Epub 2019 Feb 20.

e Division for Mutagenesis , Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health , Zagreb , Croatia.

Objectives: The present study addresses the effect of fluoride and sodium lauryl sulphate content of toothpaste on oral epithelial cells in vivo conditions.

Subjects And Method: Forty volunteers were assigned into two experimental groups, each of them applying the different brand of toothpaste. Every group has been using three different types of toothpaste (non-fluoride and non-SLS, fluoride and non-SLS, and the fluoride and SLS) of the same brand for 6 months, each for 2 months. Read More

Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany. Electronic address:

Fungi have evolved specific export activities to balance intracellular levels of the toxic ion fluoride, while the first-line antimycotic voriconazole contains fluorine. We aimed to explore whether impaired fluoride export might result in altered susceptibilities of the human pathogenic mould Aspergillus fumigatus towards this antifungal compound. Functional characterisation of the putative fluoride exporter in A. Read More

J Am Chem Soc 2019 Feb 11;141(7):3052-3058. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO) and ‡Electronic Workshop, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC) , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais) , Rue de l'Industrie 17 , 1951 Sion , Switzerland.

Prolonged consumption of water contaminated with fluoride ions (F) at concentrations exceeding 1.5 ppm can lead to considerable health implications, particularly in children and developing embryos. With irreversible and potentially severe forms of fluoride (F) toxicity such as skeletal fluorosis being endemic in at least 25 countries, constructing affordable, remote-access, reliable water-sampling methods for F contamination is an important goal. Read More

ChemMedChem 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging, Université de Liège, Cyclotron Research Centre, Quartier Agora, allée du VI août 8, 4000, Liège, Belgium.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a significant burden on society. In the search for new AD drugs, modulators of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) are of particular interest, as loss of synaptic AMPARs has been linked to AD learning and memory deficits. Previously reported fluorine-containing BPAM121, an AMPA positive allosteric modulator (pam) with high activity, low toxicity, and slow metabolism, was considered to be a perfect F-labeled candidate for positron emission tomography (PET) AD diagnostic investigations. Read More

J Hazard Mater 2019 Jan 25;368:421-428. Epub 2019 Jan 25.

State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.

The employment of copper-containing antibacterial agents for membrane modification can constrain undesirable bacterial adhesion and growth in an effective and economical way. However, copper ion may be leached out and cause further toxicity after applying those materials for membrane processes. Therefore, in this study, nano CuAlO spinel was synthesized as a novel copper-containing material which was expected to have good antibacterial activity and simultaneously stabilize copper ions by its intrinsic structure. Read More

Pharm Biol 2019 Dec;57(1):29-37

a Key Laborotory Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China.

Context: Compounds to treat hypothyroidism in the absence of cardiac side effects are urgently required. In this regard, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has gained interest due to its anti-anxiolytic, antihypertensive and antioxidant properties, and reported benefits to the thyroid system.

Objective: We investigated the ability of GABA to ameliorate fluoride-induced thyroid injury in mice, and investigated the mechanism(s) associated with GABA-induced protection. Read More

Indian J Med Res 2018 Nov;148(5):539-547

Centre for Promotion of Nutrition Research and Training with special focus on North East, tribal & Inaccessible Population, Division of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (Campus II), Tuberculosis Association of India Building, New Delhi; ICMR-Desert Medicine Research Centre, Jodhpur, India.

The review on fluorosis addresses the genesis of the disease, diagnostic protocols developed, mitigation and recovery through nutritional interventions. It reveals the structural and functional damages caused to skeletal muscle and erythrocytes, leading to clinical manifestations in fluorosis. Hormonal derangements resulting in serious abnormalities in the health of children and adults are discussed. Read More

Reprod Toxicol 2019 Mar 8;84:98-107. Epub 2019 Jan 8.

College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, PR China. Electronic address:

We previously investigated excessive fluoride exposure elicited intracellular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and led to Sertoli cells dysfunction in vitro. However, the mechanisms underlying fluoride-mediated male reproductive damage in vivo remain largely unknown. Considerable evidence has now revealed ER stress is closely linked with testicular oxidative damage. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019 Jan 7. Epub 2019 Jan 7.

School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China.

Fluoride toxicity to microorganisms was a predominant factor contributing to the failure of a commercial scale bioleach heap. An integrated control strategy for fluoride complexation without jarosite generation by stepwise adding ferric ions was first proposed to enable the bioleaching of the chalcopyrite associated with fluoride-bearing gangue mineral by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Chemical speciation calculation revealed that with the presence of Fe, the concentration of the main lethal fluoride to microorganism, HF, decreased dramatically. Read More

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019 Apr 15;170:521-529. Epub 2018 Dec 15.

Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA. Electronic address:

Fish embryos are increasingly being utilized in aquatic toxicity testing, as evidenced by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's approval of the fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) test. However, the FET test only allows for the estimation of acute toxicity, whereas other test methods such as the larval growth and survival (LGS) test allow for the estimation of both acute and chronic toxicity. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that the FET test is less sensitive than other test methods for some neurotoxic compounds. Read More

Chemosphere 2019 Mar 7;219:607-616. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India. Electronic address:

A comprehensive study of seasonal variation of uranium distribution in groundwater of Amritsar, Gurdaspur and Pathankot districts of Punjab, India and assessment of associated radiological risks, chemical risks and effective radiation dose for different age groups, was conducted to determine its health impact on humans residing in these regions. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, total hardness and contents of various anions such as carbonates/bicarbonates, chlorides, fluorides, nitrates, sulphates and phosphates in groundwater were also analysed to determine correlation between groundwater chemistry and uranium distribution. The average values of uranium concentration in ground water samples of Amritsar, Gurdaspur and Pathankot districts were found to be 8. Read More

Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019 Mar 4;211:125-131. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.

Hydrazine (NH) and fluoride ion (F) are regarded as environmental pollutants and potential carcinogens. A dual-functional fluorescent probe (probe 1) was developed for both F and NH with high selectivity and sensitivity. 1 was based on nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction for NH detection and selective cleavage of 4-nitrobenzenesulphonyl group for the determination of F. Read More

Mol Cell Biochem 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.

Fluorosis and bone pathologies can be caused by chronic and/or excessive fluoride intake. Despite this, few studies have been conducted on the cellular mechanisms underlying osteoblast toxicity in the presence of NaF. Here, we investigated the effects of fluoride on MC3T3-E1 cells. Read More

J Cell Biochem 2018 Dec 2. Epub 2018 Dec 2.

Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, India.

Echis carinatus envenomation leads to severe tissue necrosis at the bitten site by releasing DNA from immune cells that blocks the blood flow. An earlier report has shown that exogenous DNase 1 offers protection against such severe local tissue necrosis. Tricosanthus tricuspidata is a medicinal plant and the paste prepared from its leaves has been used extensively for the treatment of snakebite-induced tissue necrosis. Read More

Biofactors 2018 Nov 26;44(6):518-531. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, NSB303, Sr. Scientist & Head, Vascular Biology Unit, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, COPHS, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA.

The use of sodium fluoride (NaF) as a major ingredient for tooth paste, mouth wash, and mouth rinse has become inevitable in our day-to-day life. However, flavonoids such as Luteolin might be of great value in the prevention of toxicity associated with accidental or inevitable ingestion of NaF. In the study, 40 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups with 10 rats in a group. Read More

Hum Exp Toxicol 2018 Nov 25:960327118814161. Epub 2018 Nov 25.

National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA.

This review covers nearly 100 years of studies on the toxicity of fluoride on human and animal kidneys. These studies reveal that there are direct adverse effects on the kidneys by excess fluoride, leading to kidney damage and dysfunction. With the exception of the pineal gland, the kidney is exposed to higher concentrations of fluoride than all other soft tissues. Read More

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019 Mar 20;169:410-417. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

Health and Toxicity Cell, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India.

Fluoride is an essential trace element required for proper bone and tooth development. Systemic high exposure to fluoride through environmental exposure (drinking water and food) may result in toxicity causing a disorder called fluorosis. In the present study, we investigated the alteration in DNA methylation profile with chronic exposure (30 days) to fluoride (8 mg/l) and its relevance in the development of fluorosis. Read More

Toxicol Ind Health 2018 Nov 21:748233718809773. Epub 2018 Nov 21.

College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of excessive fluoride on spleen toxicity. Twenty-four healthy female rats were randomly divided into two groups, each of 12 rats. Each group of female rats was given a control diet and either F = 0 mg/L or an excessive F = 150 mg/L in the drinking water for 120 days. Read More

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018 Nov;52(11):1182-1187

Binhai New Area Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300453, China.

To explore the effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in thyroid injury of rats caused by excessive fluoride intake. All 40 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, control group, low fluoride group, medium fluoride group and high fluoride group. The rats in control group were fed with tap water (fluoride concentratio0. Read More

Ceylon Med J 2018 Sep;63(3):139-142

Registrar, Ceylon Medical College Council, Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Background: The WHO recommended safe upper limit for fluoride in drinking water is 1.5 mg/l. Groundwater sources in many parts of Sri Lanka often exceed this limit. Read More

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019 Jan 9;26(1):721-737. Epub 2018 Nov 9.

Advanced Materials Group, Materials Science & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, 785006, India.

Gainful utilization of stems of the pernicious weed, Ipomoea carnea, to prepare good quality carbon and its modification with aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOOH) nanoparticles for efficient defluoridation from contaminated drinking water is discussed in this paper. Surface functional groups are enhanced by functionalization of the carbons under acid treatment which acted as anchor to the AlOOH nanoparticles. Formation of AlOOH particles over the carbon surface is confirmed from X-ray diffractometry analysis. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2018 Nov 11;16(5):3759-3765. Epub 2018 Sep 11.

Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.

Amelogenesis is a complicated process that concerns the interaction between growing hydroxyapatite crystals and extracellular proteins, which requires the tight regulation of pH. In dental fluorosis, the balance of pH regulation is broken, leading to abnormal mineralization. The current review focuses on the electrolyte transport processes associated with pH homeostasis, particularly regarding the changes in ion transporters that occur during amelogenesis, following exposure to excessive fluoride. Read More

Chem Commun (Camb) 2018 Nov;54(92):12990-12993

State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.

Upon surface functionalization and stabilization of β-NaYF4:Yb/Er upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with phosphoryl pillar[5]arenes (PP5) via a facile ligand exchange method, we constructed a new hybrid material (PP5-UCNPs) with good water dispersibility especially in a physiological environment and superior capability of controlled cargo release and cell imaging. Read More

Prev Nutr Food Sci 2018 Sep 30;23(3):171-180. Epub 2018 Sep 30.

Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh 72, Lebanon.

Fluoride is one of the most abundant elements found in nature. Water is the major dietary source of fluoride. The only known association with low fluoride intake is the risk of dental caries. Read More

Environ Pollut 2019 Jan 10;244:534-548. Epub 2018 Oct 10.

Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya Deemed to be University, University Road, Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India. Electronic address:

Fluoride is a well-known compound for its usefulness in healing dental caries. Similarly, fluoride is also known for its toxicity to various tissues in animals and humans. It causes skeletal fluorosis leading to osteoporosis of the bones. Read More

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018 Oct 30. Epub 2018 Oct 30.

College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China.

Three new anticoagulant rodenticides R, R, and R were designed. The containing fluorine acute toxicity groups was added to 1,3-indandione derivative. Analysis method of synthesized anticoagulant rodenticides were IR, H NMR. Read More

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018 Dec 29;25(36):36462-36473. Epub 2018 Oct 29.

Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India.

Lipid peroxidation and ROS generation are the pathogenesis of chronic fluoride toxicity, and its detrimental effects on human reproduction are noted drastically. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the defensive effects of soy protein concentrate (SPC) against sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced uterine dysfunction at biochemical and histological level. Rats were randomly distributed into four groups as control, NaF-treated (200 ppm), and SPC co-administered groups (20 mg and 40 mg/ 100 g body weight) for 16 days. Read More

Toxicol Ind Health 2018 Dec 25;34(12):813-818. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

1 Department of Zoology, University of Mysore, Mysore, India.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the toxic effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) on sperm motility and abnormality. Treatment of epididymal sperm suspensions with different doses of NaF (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 mg/ml) significantly reduced sperm motility at 15- and 30-min time intervals. Read More

J Biophotonics 2018 Oct 23:e201800256. Epub 2018 Oct 23.

Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with sodium yttrium fluoride, NaYF (host lattice) doped with Yb (sensitizer) and Er (activator) were synthesized via hydrothermal route incorporating polyethyleneimine (PEI) for their long-term stability in water. The cationic PEI-modified UCNPs with diameter 20 ± 4 nm showed a zeta potential value of +36.5 mV and showed an intense, visible red luminescence and low-intensity green emission with 976 nm laser excitation. Read More

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018 Oct;59(12):4841-4846

Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany.

Purpose: Reactive and underfluorinated impurities are acknowledged as a source of cytotoxicity of perfluorocarbon liquids (PFCLs) used as blood substitutes. To determine whether this is also a relevant factor in retinal toxicity, we analyzed eight PFO batches associated with adverse ocular events.

Methods: (A) The amount of reactive and underflurinated impurities was analyzed by fluoride-selective potentiometry and expressed as H-value. Read More

Chemosphere 2019 Jan 8;215:619-625. Epub 2018 Oct 8.

College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan, PR China. Electronic address:

Excessive fluoride intake has a strong female reproductive toxicity, which can result in follicular developmental dysplasia and decrease oocytes developmental potential. The underlying mechanisms of fluoride-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in ovarian granulosa cells remain largely unknown. In this study, the ultrastructure changes of mitochondria and DNA damage in ovarian granulosa cells were observed under transmission electron microscope and TUNEL staining. Read More

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018 Dec 18;25(34):33926-33935. Epub 2018 Oct 18.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.

Fluorine or fluoride can have toxic effects on bone tissue and soft tissue at high concentrations. These negative effects include but not limited to cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, blood toxicity, and oxidative damage. Apoptosis plays an important role in fluoride-induced toxicity of kidney, liver, spleen, thymus, bursa of Fabricius, cecal tonsil, and cultured cells. Read More

Chemosphere 2019 Jan 13;215:454-460. Epub 2018 Oct 13.

Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030801, China. Electronic address:

We established the mouse model of fluoride (68 mg F ion/L deionized water) exposure for 90 days, 120 days and 150 days, and applied diverse methods as behavioral models of anxiety and depression, and analyzed the levels of the anxiety- and depression-like related genes like BDNF1, BDNF4, 5-HT1A, VGLUT, GAD67, and VGAT in the mouse hippocampus. In the mice exposed to NaF for 120 days, compared to the control group, chalky opacity was observed on the enamel of teeth; the results of anxiety-like behavior, like elevated zero maze, light/dark exploration test, novel object recognition test and emergence test were significantly altered, however in the mice exposed for 150 days, only the elevated zero maze and emergence test were significantly altered. Also, the results of depression-like behavior were significantly altered in the 120 days treated mice. Read More

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018 Dec 15;25(34):34753-34764. Epub 2018 Oct 15.

Plant diversity and Ecosystems in Dry Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia.

A field study was conducted along a fluorine gradient of soil pollution in Tunisia from Gabes, the most polluted site, to Smara, the reference site. Variations of fluoride (F) concentrations in soils were detected over 1 year in Gabes, Skhira, and Smara. F concentrations in the aerial part of two native plant species, i. Read More

Clin Oral Investig 2018 Oct 12. Epub 2018 Oct 12.

Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate microbiological changes, oral soft tissue toxicity, and caries-preventive effect of an experimental titanium tetrafluoride (TiF) varnish compared with a commercially available fluoride varnish (NaF), using in situ and in vivo models.

Materials And Methods: The treatment groups were the following: TiF varnish (experimental varnish), Duraphat® (fluoride positive control), placebo varnish (no fluoride), and no treatment (negative control). The varnishes were applied once over the enamel surface using a microbrush. Read More

Cell Physiol Biochem 2018 11;50(2):734-744. Epub 2018 Oct 11.

Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China.

Background/aims: We investigated the combined toxic effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) on kidney morphological changes and DNA damage in male Wistar rats.

Methods: In this study we selected totally 96 male Wistar rats (12-week-old) then randomly group-housed them into four cages, treated with deionized water, NaF, SO2 and co-treatment of NaF and SO2 respectively. Morphological changes of kidney were detected by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. Read More

Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2018 Dec 26;64:41-47. Epub 2018 Sep 26.

School of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China. Electronic address:

Bombyx mori was used as a model to evaluate the reproductive toxicity of NaF in insects. Significant reduction in cocoon quality, survival rate, fecundity, and hatchability were observed upon NaF treatment groups. Fluoride determination indicated that F has a cumulative effect on the gonad of silkworm. Read More

Chemosphere 2019 Jan 17;214:430-435. Epub 2018 Sep 17.

Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China. Electronic address:

Fluoride is becoming an ineluctable environmental pollutant and its longterm exposure would cause fluorosis and irreversible brain damage, but the molecular mechanisms remain far from fully understood. In the present study, we firstly evaluated the glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β)/β-catenin pathway in the hippocampus of rats exposed to fluoride, given the well-established role of GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway in neuronal death and survival. Our data showed that sustained exposure to 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L NaF in drinking water dose-dependently induced neuronal loss and apoptosis in rat hippocampus. Read More

Dose Response 2018 Jul-Sep;16(3):1559325818800153. Epub 2018 Sep 19.

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

The present study aimed to explore the efficiency of N-acetyl cysteine (NACC) or thymoquinone (TMQ) alone or in combination in the downregulation of inflammatory molecule expression and decreasing hepatic injury in response to sodium fluoride (SF). Sodium fluoride upregulated serum alanine and aspartate transferases activities, tumor necrosis factor α and hepatic malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels, and the expression of cyclooxygenase 2, nuclear factor κB cell, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. In contrast, hepatic glutathione level, superoxide dismutase activity, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 expression were decreased. Read More

J Econ Entomol 2018 Dec;111(6):2956-2965

Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Resistance to phosphine (PH3) in key insect pests of stored grain is increasing, with a requirement for maintaining a dose as high as 1 mg l-1 for 14 d for effective fumigation, which is difficult to achieve under most commercial storage conditions. There is no suitable replacement for PH3, as most of the available alternatives suffer from specific weaknesses, creating an urgent need to increase the efficacy of this fumigant. One such possibility is co-fumigation of PH3 with another fumigant, sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2-SF), with the goal of decreasing the time required for a successful fumigation. Read More

Eur Urol 2018 10 29;74(4):455-462. Epub 2018 Jun 29.

Department of Radiation Oncology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.

Background: Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) is an emerging treatment option for oligometastatic prostate cancer. However, limited prospective evidence is available.

Objective: To determine the safety and feasibility of single fraction SABR for patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer. Read More

Arch Toxicol 2018 Nov 17;92(11):3277-3289. Epub 2018 Sep 17.

Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.

Previous studies have reported that excessive fluoride exposure induced liver damage. However, the underlying mechanism of fluoride-induced hepatic toxicity is still unclear. Hence, this study was aimed to evaluate the fluoride-induced apoptosis, autophagy, and IL-17 signaling pathway-related genes to explore the possible mechanisms of NaF-induced liver injury in mice. Read More

Nano Energy 2018 Sep 6;51:728-735. Epub 2018 Jul 6.

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, 53706, USA.

Implantable nanogenerator (i-NG) has shown great promises for enabling self-powered implantable medical devices (IMDs). One essential requirement for practical i-NG applications is its long-term bio-compatibility and bio-safety. This paper presents a systematic study of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and PDMS/Parylene-C packaged Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) NGs implanted inside female ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mice for up to six months. Read More

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018 Oct 25;10(40):34585-34591. Epub 2018 Sep 25.

Binghamton University State University of New York , 4400 Vestal Parkway East , Binghamton , New York 13902 , United States.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new and growing area of materials with high porosity and customizability. UiO-66, a zirconium-based MOF, has shown much interest to the military because of the ability of the MOF to catalytically decontaminate chemical warfare agents (CWAs). Unfortunately, the applications for MOFs are limited because of their powder form, which is difficult to incorporate into protective clothing. Read More

Georgian Med News 2018 Jul-Aug(280-281):125-129

Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Ukraine.

The aim of the research was to determine in the experiment the content of catecholamines in serum of rats exposed to sodium fluoride. The studies were conducted on adult Wistar rats, subjected to oral exposure by means of a probe with aqueous solutions of sodium fluoride (SF) once daily, for 60 days at doses of 1/10, 1/100 and 1/1000 DL50, which correspondingly amounts to 20 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg of body weight. Read More

Biofactors 2018 Sep 1;44(5):465-479. Epub 2018 Sep 1.

Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Vascular Biology Unit, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, COPHS, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA.

Hypertension is one of the silent killers in the world with high mortality and morbidity. The exposure of humans and animals to fluoride and/or fluoride containing compounds is almost inevitable. This study investigated the modulatory effects of quercetin on sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced hypertension and cardiovascular complications. Read More

Chemosphere 2018 Dec 22;212:447-455. Epub 2018 Aug 22.

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Fluorine is an essential trace element to which humans and animals are exposed through water, food, air and products used for dental health. Numerous studies have reported the detrimental effects of fluoride on testicular function and fertility; however, the underlying mechanisms of testosterone biosynthesis remain unclear. In this study, Leydig cells, the primary cells responsible for the production and regulation of steroid hormones in the testis, were used to elicit effects of sodium fluoride on the steroidogenic pathway. Read More

Med Pr 2018 Aug 10;69(4):403-412. Epub 2018 Jul 10.

Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach / Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland (Wydział Lekarski z Oddziałem Lekarsko-Dentystycznym w Zabrzu, Katedra Biochemii / School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Department of Biochemistry)

Background: Fluorine influences many processes occurring in the organism. Controversies over the evaluation of the biological effects of this substance are due to a small difference between tolerable and toxic fluorine doses. One of the main mechanisms of the fluorine toxic action is its ability to induce oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species generation and antioxidant defense system impairment. Read More

Metallomics 2018 Sep;10(9):1291-1306

Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior-474002, India.

Introduction: Arsenic and fluoride are recognized globally as the most serious inorganic contaminants in drinking water. As there is no safe and effective treatment for the cases of fluoride poisoning and combined arsenic-fluoride toxicity, the present study was planned to assess (i) the mechanism of combined exposure to arsenic and fluoride via biochemical and spectroscopic data; (ii) the effect of a thiol chelating agent, meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), either individually or in combination with the antioxidant vitamin C in reversing arsenic-fluoride toxicity; and (iii) whether combination therapy enhances arsenic and fluoride removal from blood and soft tissues.

Methods: Rats were exposed to arsenic (50 mg l-1) and fluoride (50 mg l-1) individually and in combination for 9 months and later administered DMSA (50 mg kg-1) via an i. Read More