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Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021 May 11;218:112229. Epub 2021 May 11.

School of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China. Electronic address:

Bombyx mori was used to study the molecular mechanism of fluoride induced reproductive toxicity. In our previous study, we confirmed the physiological and biochemical effects of NaF on reproductive toxicity, and we found that the molecular mechanism of NaF induced reproductive damage may be associated with the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. To further study the function of NaF exposure on the oxidative phosphorylation pathway in the testis in Bombyx mori, and the relationship between oxidative phosphorylation and oxidative stress, we measured the changes in the main ROS (O and HO) in the testis, the activity of the main electron transport chain complex enzymes in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway and the transcription levels of the corresponding genes; we additionally performed pathological observations of the silkworm testis after exposure to 200 mg/L NaF solution for different times. Read More

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021 May 5. Epub 2021 May 5.

Central Ground Water Board, WCR, Department of Water Resources, RD & GR, Ahmedabad, India.

Analytical data of fluoride concentration in groundwater collected from various geological formations in Gujarat, India, have been studied to assess their spatial distribution characteristics and related potential chronic health risks. Decadal analysis of groundwater was attempted for precise quantification and a realistic ground representation of fluoride concentration in the entire state. This exercise involved collection of 6407 samples over a period of 10 years (2009-2018), from 641 representative locations, distributed evenly throughout the state (6407 = 641 locations × 10 years). Read More

Biol Trace Elem Res 2021 May 3. Epub 2021 May 3.

Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801, Taigu, Shanxi, China.

Fluorine is widely present in nature in the form of fluoride. Prolonged high-dose fluoride exposure can cause skeletal fluorosis, resulting in osteosclerosis, osteoporosis or osteomalacia. It has been proved that exercise is one of the important factors affecting the health of the bone and promoting bone formation. Read More

N Z Med J 2021 Apr 30;134(1534):76-90. Epub 2021 Apr 30.

Distinguished Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.

Aim: Historically methoxyflurane was used for anaesthesia. Evidence of nephrotoxicity led to abandonment of this application. Subsequently, methoxyflurane, in lower doses, has re-emerged as an analgesic agent, typically used via the Penthrox inhaler in the ambulance setting. Read More

Biol Trace Elem Res 2021 Apr 24. Epub 2021 Apr 24.

Department of Environmental & Interdisciplinary Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Technology, Vascular Biology Unit, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA.

Sodium fluoride (NaF) is one of the neglected environmental pollutants. It is ubiquitously found in the soil, water, and environment. Interestingly, fluoride has been extensively utilized for prevention of dental caries and tartar formation, and may be added to mouthwash, mouth rinse, and toothpastes. Read More

J Appl Oral Sci 2021 19;29:e20200859. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.

Introduction: Due to its ability to arrest untreated dental caries, silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has been advocated for indirect pulp capping procedures. However, the high concentrations of silver and fluoride in SDF raise concerns about its biocompatibility to pulpal tissues.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of SDF on the viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and morphology of pulpal-like cells (RPC-C2A) and to evaluate the influence of reduced glutathione (GSH) on SDF-induced cytotoxicity and deposit formation on dentin. Read More

Free Radic Biol Med 2021 Apr 20;169:137-148. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Metabolic and Poisoning Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China. Electronic address:

An extensive body of research has demonstrated that pulmonary toxicity induced by fluoride is related to cell apoptosis. Although induction of death receptor-initiated extrinsic apoptosis by sodium fluoride (NaF) has been reported, its mechanism of action is still not clearly defined. Herein, we found that NaF treatment induced activation of caspase-8 in BEAS-2B cells, resulting in apoptosis, which was markedly reduced by blocking caspase-8 using small interfering RNA (siRNA). Read More

Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2021 31;7(1):e12146. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

O-Force Co., Ltd Hata-gun Kochi Japan.

Introduction: We recently discovered a short synthetic peptide derived from the ANA/BTG3 protein Box A region called ANA-TA9 (SKGQAYRMI), which possesses catalytic activity. Herein we demonstrated the proteolytic activity of ANA-TA9 against amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42).

Methods: The proteolytic activity of ANA-TA9 against both the authentic soluble form Aβ42 (-Aβ42) and the solid insoluble form Aβ42 (-Aβ42) was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Read More

Plant Physiol 2021 Mar 21. Epub 2021 Mar 21.

Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.

Fluoride is everywhere in the environment, yet it is toxic to living things. How biological organisms detoxify fluoride has been unknown until recently. Fluoride-specific ion transporters in both prokaryotes (Fluoride channel; Fluc) and fungi (Fluoride Exporter; FEX) efficiently export fluoride to the extracellular environment. Read More

Acta Pharm Sin B 2021 Mar 30;11(3):763-780. Epub 2020 Jul 30.

Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.

Intestinal toxicity induced by chemotherapeutics has become an important reason for the interruption of therapy and withdrawal of approved agents. In this study, we demonstrated that chemotherapeutics-induced intestinal damage were commonly characterized by the sharp upregulation of tryptophan (Trp)-kynurenine (KYN)-kynurenic acid (KA) axis metabolism. Mechanistically, chemotherapy-induced intestinal damage triggered the formation of an interleukin-6 (IL-6)-indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1)-aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) positive feedback loop, which accelerated kynurenine pathway metabolism in gut. Read More

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021 Jun 23;215:112055. Epub 2021 Mar 23.

Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata 700016, West Bengal, India. Electronic address:

The present manuscript elucidated the ameliorative potential of nano-maghemite (FeNPs) against the hazardous effects of fluoride toxicity in the sensitive rice cultivar, IR-64. Fluoride pollution triggered bioaccumulation in root, shoot and spikelets which inhibited reproduction, agronomic development and mineral uptake. Suppressed activity of enzymatic antioxidants and excessive cobalt translocation manifested severe ROS-induced oxidative injuries. Read More

Plant Physiol 2021 Mar 21. Epub 2021 Mar 21.

Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.

Fluoride is everywhere in the environment, yet it is toxic to living things. How biological organisms detoxify fluoride has been unknown until recently. Fluoride-specific ion transporters in both prokaryotes (Fluoride channel; Fluc) and fungi (Fluoride Exporter; FEX) efficiently export fluoride to the extracellular environment. Read More

J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021 Mar 15:1-14. Epub 2021 Mar 15.

Department of Microbiology, Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India.

Fluorosis is a chronic condition caused by overexposure to fluoride, marked by impaired dental, skeletal, and non-skeletal health. In presence of excess fluoride ions, in severe cases calcification of the ligaments observed. Earlier studies have suggested that the disruption of carbonic anhydrase activity via ionic homeostasis change was associated with F toxicity. Read More

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021 May 6;214:112113. Epub 2021 Mar 6.

Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic.

The main purpose of this work is to thoroughly describe the implementation protocol of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) method in the plant analysis. Numerous feasibility studies and recent progress in instrumentation and trends in chemical analysis make LIBS an established method in plant bioimaging. In this work, we present an easy and straightforward phytotoxicity case study with a focus on LIBS method. Read More

Neurotox Res 2021 Jun 10;39(3):800-814. Epub 2021 Mar 10.

Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil.

The enteric nervous system is responsible for controlling the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) functions. Enteric neuropathies are highly correlated to the development of several intestinal disturbances. Fluoride (F) is extensively applied for dental health improvement and its ingestion can promote systemic toxicity with mild to severe GIT symptomatology and neurotoxicity. Read More

Arch Oral Biol 2021 May 24;125:105093. Epub 2021 Feb 24.

Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710004 Shaanxi, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710004 Shaanxi, China; Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. Electronic address:

Objectives: The present study aimed to investigated the effect and mechanism of Ca treatment on fluoride in ameloblast-lineage cells (ALCs).

Materials And Methods: The effects of fluoride and different Ca levels treatment on the proliferative activity, cell apoptosis, cell cycle, intracellular free Ca, were firstly determined. Kallikrein 4 (KLK4), glucose-responsive protein 78 (GRP78), Protein kinase R -like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), CCAAT enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), were investigated in ALCs. Read More

Aquat Toxicol 2021 Apr 25;233:105789. Epub 2021 Feb 25.

SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China. Electronic address:

Fluoride has been found to cause detrimental effects on fish gills. Despite essential roles in various metabolism activities, whether and how miRNAs participate in the course of toxicity caused by fluoride in gills is still unclear. In this study, male zebrafish were exposed to 0, 20, 40 mg/L fluoride for 60 days to study the underlying osmotic regulatory mechanism by determining the influences of fluoride on the miRNAs and regulated genes in gills. Read More

Sci Rep 2021 Mar 1;11(1):4834. Epub 2021 Mar 1.

National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.

S-1, an oral pyrimidine fluoride-derived agent, is effective against various cancers. Sorafenib, an oral multikinase inhibitor, was found to prolong the survival of various cancers and enhance the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. We conducted a phase I dose escalation study to determine dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of S-1 when combined with sorafenib for refractory solid tumors. Read More

3 Biotech 2021 Mar 12;11(3):124. Epub 2021 Feb 12.

Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817 India.

Fluoride exporter genes (FEX) are known for the expulsion of cytoplasmic fluoride, thus preventing fluoride toxicity in plants. In this study, 31 FEX genes were identified across 19 plant species. Camphor Resistance (CrcB) domain was found to be present in all the identified FEX genes in plants. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2021 May 29;767:144924. Epub 2021 Jan 29.

Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.

Co-exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) and fluoride (F) and their collective actions on cardiovascular systems have been recognized as a global public health concern. Emerging studies suggest an association between the perturbation of gut bacterial microbiota and adverse cardiovascular effects (CVEs), both of which are the consequence of iAs and F exposure in human and experimental animals. The aim of this study was to fill the gap of understanding the relationship among co-exposure to iAs and F, gut microbiota perturbation, and adverse CVEs. Read More

Neurotoxicology 2021 May 17;84:30-40. Epub 2021 Feb 17.

Laboratorio de Toxicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Depto. de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, San Juan 670, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina. Electronic address:

Arsenic (iAs) and fluoride (F) are ubiquitous in the environment. All over the world, in many countries, thousands of people are suffering from the toxic effects of arsenicals ad fluorides. These two elements are recognized worldwide as the most serious inorganic contaminants in drinking water. Read More

Braz Oral Res 2021 12;35:e025. Epub 2021 Feb 12.

University of Florida , College of Dentistry , Department of Restorative Dental Sciences , Gainesville , FL , USA .

This in vitro study evaluated the biocompatibility and abrasivity of whitening and conventional toothpastes. Samples of conventional (non-whitening) - Edel White Infant (EWI) - and whitening toothpastes - Edel White Whitening (EWW), Edel White CAREFORTE (EWC), Colgate Total 12 Ò Professional (C), and Oral-B Whitening (OB) - were dissolved in culture medium (0.2 g sample weight per mL). Read More

J Hazard Mater 2021 Jul 5;413:125273. Epub 2021 Feb 5.

KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden; AIMES - Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address:

Welding fume particles are hazardous. Their toxicity likely depends on their composition and reactivity. This study aimed at exploring the role of sodium or other fluorides (NaF), which are intentionally added to flux-cored wire electrodes for stainless steel welding, on the solubility (in phosphate buffered saline) and toxicity of the generated welding fume particles. Read More

Chemosphere 2021 Jul 22;274:129742. Epub 2021 Jan 22.

CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal.

Groundwater represents one of the most important natural water resources worldwide. Contamination is a key driver in sustaining water quality to populations and the environment. Therefore, it is crucial to look at contamination and potential effects. Read More

J Physiol Pharmacol 2020 Oct 8;71(5). Epub 2021 Feb 8.

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.

Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular digestion process that degrades damaged proteins and organelles but the biological roles of autophagy in pathological aspects of oral tissues remain largely unknown. We sought to elucidate the function of autophagy, especially its interplay with apoptosis and oxidative stress, in the oral toxicity induced by exposure to 5 mM sodium fluoride (NaF). Human cementoblasts (HCEM-2) in culture were exposed to 5 mM NaF for 5 min, after which cell viability and cell apoptosis were assessed using the MTS assay and an Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit, respectively. Read More

Dalton Trans 2021 Feb 11;50(8):3027-3036. Epub 2021 Feb 11.

School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha 752050, India.

Aluminum toxicity in biological systems is a well-known issue yet remains as a prevalent and unsolvable problem due to the lack of proper molecular tools that can detect free aluminum(iii) or Al(iii) ions in vivo. Herein, we report a water-soluble photo-induced electron transfer (PET)-based turn-ON/OFF fluorometric chemosensor for the dual detection of Al(iii) and fluoride ions in aqueous media with a nanomolar (∼1.7 × 10 M) and picomolar (∼2 × 10 M, lowest ever detection so far) detection limit, respectively. Read More

Mutat Res 2021 Jan-Feb;861-862:503297. Epub 2020 Nov 21.

Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde (Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health), 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, La Salle University (UniLaSalle), Canoas, RS, Brazil. Electronic address:

Excess fluoride in water can produce changes in tooth enamel mineralization and lead to diseases such as dental or skeletal fluorosis. The present study aimed to assess the genotoxic effects, oxidative stress, and osteoblastic mineralization induced by fluorosilicic acid (FA) in murine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). BM-MSCs were isolated from the femurs and tibias of rats and cultured under standard conditions. Read More

Chemosphere 2021 Jun 11;273:129607. Epub 2021 Jan 11.

Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil. Electronic address:

Gastrointestinal signs and symptoms are the first signs of toxicity due to exposure to fluoride (F). This suggests the possibility that lower levels of subchronic F exposure may affect the gut. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the morphology, proteome and microbiome of the ileum of rats, after subchronic exposure to F. Read More

Life Sci 2021 Apr 26;270:119122. Epub 2021 Jan 26.

Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls (AFMG), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

The adrenal glands have striking morpho-biochemical features that render them vulnerable to the effects of toxins.

Aims: This study was conducted to explore the therapeutic utility of extracellular vesicles derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-EVs) against fluoride-induced adrenal toxicity.

Materials And Methods: The work included isolation and further identification of BMSC-EVs by transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometric analysis. Read More