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Mol Med Rep 2022 Jul 18;26(1). Epub 2022 May 18.

Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China.

It has been reported that the expression of C‑X‑C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is increased in patients with lung injury, while CXCR4 downregulation can improve sepsis‑induced lung injury. Previous studies have shown that tranilast can inhibit CXCR4 mRNA expression. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether tranilast could protect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced lung injury via the CXCR4/Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/STAT3 signaling pathway. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2022 21;13:827446. Epub 2022 Apr 21.

Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.

This study aimed to analyze and discuss the biomarkers of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) injection-induced hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) in advanced breast cancer patients. Fourteen patients from Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital were included in the study between April 15th, 2020 and April 14th, 2021. Patient plasma was collected 30 min before PLD injection. Read More

Environ Int 2022 Jun 25;164:107263. Epub 2022 Apr 25.

Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address:

The main aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of the pharmaceutical diphenhydramine (DPH) on embryo-larvae Danio rerio across distinct levels of organization - individual and subcellular - and correlate those effects with the DPH mode of action (MoA) assessed by in silico analysis. An embryos heartbeat rate reduction was observed at 10 mg/L DPH, but 0.001 to 10 mg/L did not significantly affect the zebrafish survival, hatching and morphology. Read More

Emerg Med Clin North Am 2022 May 5;40(2):417-430. Epub 2022 Apr 5.

Department of Neurology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University, Indiana University Neuroscience Center, 355 W. 16 th Street, Suite 4700, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University, Indiana University Neuroscience Center, 355 W. 16 th Street, Suite 4700, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.

New toxins are constantly emerging within society. We review common toxins that cause seizure, their mechanisms, associated toxidromes, and treatments. Stimulants, cholinergic agents, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) antagonists, glutamate agonists, histamine and adenosine antagonists, and withdrawal states are highlighted. Read More

J Pharm Pharmacol 2022 May;74(5):740-749

Postgraduate Program in Science, University of Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil.

Objectives: Dalbergia ecastaphyllum (L.) Taub. is a semi-prostrate species associated with estuaries, mangroves and dunes. Read More

Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2022 May 18;130(5):559-568. Epub 2022 Mar 18.

Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.

Topiramate is an anticonvulsant drug effective against a wide range of seizures and epilepsies. The present study was conducted to investigate the possible protective effect of topiramate on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats. The animals were randomly distributed into four experimental groups with 10 animals in each group. Read More

Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2022 May 16;60(5):550-558. Epub 2022 Feb 16.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Introduction: Lipid emulsion therapy (LET) has been most thoroughly studied to reverse local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST). Case reports suggest that LET can successfully rescue cardiovascular collapse from bupropion, amitriptyline, and propranolol. The efficacy of LET against refractory hypotension and dysrhythmias from diphenhydramine, a commonly ingested lipophilic cardiotoxic agent, is less well described. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2022 Jun 2;824:153591. Epub 2022 Feb 2.

Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address:

In coastal systems, organisms are exposed to a multitude of stressors whose interactions and effects are poorly studied. Pharmaceutical drugs and Climate Change consequences, such as lowered pH, are examples of stressors affecting marine organisms, as bivalves. Although a vast literature is available for the effects of these stressors when acting individually, very limited information exists on the impacts that the combination of both can have on marine bivalves. Read More

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022 Feb 5. Epub 2022 Feb 5.

School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.

Antihistamines (ANTs) are medicines to treat allergic diseases. They have been frequently detected in the natural water environment, posing potential threats to the ecological environment and human health. In this study, the degradation of three common antihistamines, loratadine, fexofenadine, and cetirizine, was estimated under different oxidation methods (NaClO, UV, and UV-NaClO). Read More

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022 Jun 4;29(26):40190-40203. Epub 2022 Feb 4.

Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.

5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug, but its hepatotoxicity challenges its clinical use. Thus, searching for a hepatoprotective agent is highly required to prevent the accompanied hepatic hazards. The current study aimed to investigate the potential benefit and mechanisms of action of rupatadine (RU), a Platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist, in the prevention of 5-FU-related hepatotoxicity in rats. Read More

Bioengineered 2022 02;13(2):3680-3693

Department of Emergency Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Intergrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Sepsis is mainly characterized by severe inflammation triggered by infection, and sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is defined as brain damage caused by sepsis. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) triggered by injured brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and damaged tight junction (TJ) structure is closely associated with the pathogenesis of SAE. The present research proposed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of Mirtazapine, a central presynaptic α2 receptor antagonist, on LPS-induced BBB disruption. Read More

Toxicol Lett 2022 Apr 20;358:27-39. Epub 2022 Jan 20.

Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China. Electronic address:

Previous surveys have revealed that mirtazapine (MIR), one of the most commonly prescribed antidepressants, is associated with a higher risk of adverse cardiac events compared with other newer antidepressants. Chronic ethanol (EtOH) abuse could also lead to myocardial injuries. Concerning the common comorbidity of major depression and alcohol dependence, combined consumption of MIR and EtOH might be prevalent in patients with depression, resulting in an additive or synergistic cardiotoxic effect. Read More

J Cosmet Dermatol 2022 Jan 21. Epub 2022 Jan 21.

Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Drug-induced angioedema often affects elderly patients with chronic drug use. Proper diagnosis and prompt with effective treatment reduce mortality. With the increasing use of favipiravir, many side effects, especially increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels due to liver toxicity, and also skin lesions are reported. Read More

Toxins (Basel) 2022 01 1;14(1). Epub 2022 Jan 1.

ICM-CSIC-Institute of Marine Sciences, Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.

is an abundant and widely distributed temperate sea anemone that can form dense congregations of individuals. Despite the potential severity of its sting, few detailed cases have been reported. We report a case of a severe toxic reaction following an sting in a 35-year-old oceanographer. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Dec 22;23(1). Epub 2021 Dec 22.

Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.

Apicomplexan parasites, such as , spp., spp., and spp. Read More

Brain Res 2022 02 9;1776:147749. Epub 2021 Dec 9.

Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China. Electronic address:

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are considered the key molecular link between gut microbiota and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the role of SCFAs in PD pathogenesis is controversial. Autophagy is important for the degradation of α-synuclein, which is critical to the development of PD. Read More

J Physiol Pharmacol 2021 Jun 19;72(3). Epub 2021 Nov 19.

Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland.

Depression is acknowledged as a major public health problem. Pharmacological treatment may cause adverse drug reactions and sexual side effects. At the same time, the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms associated with antidepressant-mediated toxicity to reproductive cells is fragmentary. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Nov 1;22(21). Epub 2021 Nov 1.

Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 2, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland.

The incidence of depression among humans is growing worldwide, and so is the use of antidepressants. However, our fundamental understanding regarding the mechanisms by which these drugs function and their off-target effects against human sexuality remains poorly defined. The present study aimed to determine their differential toxicity on mouse spermatogenic cells and provide mechanistic data of cell-specific response to antidepressant and neuroleptic drug treatment. Read More

Parasitol Res 2022 Jan 6;121(1):303-309. Epub 2021 Nov 6.

Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación Y Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Gustavo A. Madero, San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, C.P. 07360, México.

The infection caused by Entamoeba histolytica is still a serious public health problem, especially in developing countries. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of terfenadine against Entamoeba histolytica. The trophozoites were exposed to 1, 2, 3, and 4 μM of terfenadine, for 24 and 48 h. Read More

Bioorg Chem 2021 12 8;117:105411. Epub 2021 Oct 8.

Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address:

During the past decades, histamine H receptors have received widespread attention in pharmaceutical research due to their involvement in pathophysiology of several diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders. In this context, blocking of these receptors is of paramount importance in progression of such diseases. In the current investigation, novel histamine H receptor ligands were designed by exploiting scaffold-hopping drug-design strategy. Read More

Food Funct 2021 Nov 1;12(21):10700-10713. Epub 2021 Nov 1.

State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal inflammation that is currently incurable. Increasing evidence indicates that supplementation with probiotics could improve the symptoms of IBD. It is scientifically significant to identify novel and valid strains for treating IBD. Read More

Int Immunopharmacol 2021 Dec 1;101(Pt A):108174. Epub 2021 Oct 1.

Departments of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61511 Minia, Egypt. Electronic address:

Aims: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes long-lasting inflammation on the innermost lining of the colon and rectum. Mirtazapine (MRT) is a well-known antidepressant that was proven to have anti-inflammatory activity; however, to date, its role has not been investigated in UC. The current study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of MRT in UC. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2022 Feb 16;806(Pt 1):150369. Epub 2021 Sep 16.

Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address:

In coastal systems, pollutants as pharmaceutical drugs exert changes from the molecular to the organism level in marine bivalves. Besides pollutants, coastal systems are prone to changes in environmental parameters, as the alteration of salinity values because of Climate Change. Together, these stressors (pharmaceutical drugs and salinity changes) can exert different threats than each stressor acting individually; for example, salinity can change the physical-chemical properties of the drugs and/or the sensitivity of the organisms to them. Read More

Neurotox Res 2021 Dec 23;39(6):2186-2193. Epub 2021 Sep 23.

Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street NW, Washington, DC, 20059, USA.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD), brought about by excessive alcohol use, is associated with damages to several organs including the brain. Chronic excessive use of alcohol can compromise intestinal integrity, leading to changes in gut microbiota (GM) composition known as dysbiosis. Dysbiosis, by disruption of the gut-brain axis (GBA), further exacerbates the deleterious effects of alcohol. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Aug 30;22(17). Epub 2021 Aug 30.

Unit of Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 165, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.

One tetracyclic antidepressant, mianserin hydrochloride (MIA), has quite significant side effects on a patients' health. Cyclodextrins, which are most commonly used to reduce the undesirable features of contained drugs within their hydrophobic interior, also have the potential to alter the toxic behavior of the drug. The present paper contains investigations and the characteristics of interaction mechanisms for MIA and the heptakis (2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (DM-β-CD) system, and evaluated the effects of the complexation on MIA cytotoxicity. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Aug 26;22(17). Epub 2021 Aug 26.

Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.

Impaired wound healing in people with diabetes has multifactorial causes, with insufficient neovascularization being one of the most important. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) plays a central role in the hypoxia-induced response by activating angiogenesis factors. As its activity is under precise regulatory control of prolyl-hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD-2), downregulation of PHD-2 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) could stabilize HIF-1α and, therefore, upregulate the expression of pro-angiogenic factors as well. Read More

Am J Emerg Med 2022 02 25;52:270.e1-270.e3. Epub 2021 Aug 25.

Cooper University Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine - 1 Cooper Plaza, Camden, NJ 08103, United States of America; Cooper University Hospital, Department of Toxicology - 1 Cooper Plaza, Camden, NJ 08103, United States of America.

The incidence of anticholinergic syndrome due to second generation antihistamines is infrequently reported. Largely due to their decreased affinity for central nervous system (CNS) receptors, second generation antihistamines are rarely associated with anticholinergic symptoms, though toxicity is still possible particularly when taken in excess. We report a case of a six year old boy who presented with agitation, hallucinations, fixed and dilated pupils, tachycardia, and hyperthermia consistent with anticholinergic toxicity several hours after accidental overdose of a second generation antihistamine, cetirizine. Read More

Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2022 Jan 19;264:120293. Epub 2021 Aug 19.

Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050017, China. Electronic address:

A fluorescence probe based on carbon dots (CDs) coated with silica molecularly imprinted polymer (MIPs) was synthesized for selective and sensitive determination of cetirizine (CTZ). Green source carbon dots were firstly derived from orange peels through a microwave method, and had the merits of eco-friendly and low toxicity. Then a thin silica film was formed on the surface of CDs by reverse microemulsion technique, and molecularly imprinted polymer coated on silica-carbon dots. Read More

Am J Emerg Med 2022 02 21;52:269.e1-269.e2. Epub 2021 Aug 21.

California Poison Control System, San Diego Division, 200 W. Arbor Dr., San Diego, CA, 92103-8925, USA.

Background: Toxicity from the intentional misuse of over-the-counter (OTC) combination cold products has been widely recognized. Adolescents are most frequently involved and dextromethorphan containing products are the most popular. Desired symptoms include stimulatory effects, euphoria, hallucinations, and dissociation. Read More