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Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2021 Apr;46(7):1813-1821

Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha 410208, China.

Prunella vulgaris(PV) is an edible and traditional medicinal herb which has a wide range application in fighting inflammation and oxidative stress, and protecting liver. Now it has been used to treat various types of liver diseases and has significant clinical efficacy. This study aims to investigate the effects of PV on ethanol-induced oxidative stress injury in rats and its metabolic mechanism. Read More

Nat Prod Res 2021 May 13:1-10. Epub 2021 May 13.

Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

The aim of this work was to synthesise derivatives from identified plant based pyridoindole lead scaffold, and to assess phosphodiesterase 5A inhibitory potential by and . Pyridoindole derivatives were synthesised by using six-stage reactor. screening was carried out by grip-based docking methodology. Read More

3 Biotech 2021 May 13;11(5):214. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.

This study is to test the capacity of the white rot fungus for the biodegradation of Diesel Fuel hydrocarbons (DHs). Using the experimental face centered central composite design (FCCCD), culture conditions of the Diesel-mended medium were optimized to reach 110.43% of DHs removal rate, and l5267. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 04 4;18(7). Epub 2021 Apr 4.

Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada.

The COVID-19 pandemic led to panic-buying of alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs). In response, governmental agencies (e.g. Read More

J Agric Food Chem 2021 May 28;69(18):5281-5296. Epub 2021 Apr 28.

Alimentómica S.L., 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.

The effects of olive tree (poly)phenols (OPs) are largely dependent upon their bioavailability and metabolization by humans. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) are fundamental for the nutritional efficacy and toxicological impact of foods containing OPs. This review includes studies on the administration of hydroxytyrosol (HT), oleuropein (Ole), or other OPs and foods, products, or mixtures that contain them. Read More

Pediatr Dent 2021 Mar;43(2):88-94

Dr. Divaris is a professor, Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, all at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C., USA.

Buffered local anesthetics offer an alternative to conventional, unbuffered anesthetic formulations; however, evidence about their use in children is scant. The purpose of this study was to determine the anesthetic and physiologic differences associated with the use of buffered one percent and unbuffered two percent lidocaine (both with 1:100,000 epinephrine) in children. In this randomized, double-blinded, crossover study, 25 children ages 10 to 12 years old received two inferior alveolar never blocks, at least one week apart, randomized to alternating sequences of two drug formulations: (1) formula A-three mL buffered one percent lidocaine (i. Read More

Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 2021 Apr 19. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei, China.

Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) are widely used as industrial raw materials due to their unique hydrophobic and oleophobic properties. However, because of accidental exposure to products containing FTOHs or with the widespread use of FTOHs, they tend to contaminate the water and the soil. There are reports demonstrating that FTOHs can cause various harmful effects in animals and humans (for example, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, immunotoxicity, endocrine-disrupting activity, and developmental and reproductive toxicities). Read More

J Agric Food Chem 2021 Apr 12;69(15):4542-4549. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, Maryland, United States.

3-Monochloropropane 1,2-diol (3-MCPD) esters are toxicants formed during food thermal processing, and their testicular toxicities were widely reported. In this 90 day study, Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 3-MCPD 1-monooleate at 10 and 100 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day or 1-monostearate at 15 and 150 mg/kg bw/day. Histological results indicated that testicular impairment was observed, and the level of serum testosterone was decreased dose dependently, while the levels of serum transforming growth factor beta and interferon-γ in rats' serum were increased dose dependently. Read More

J Zoo Wildl Med 2021 Apr;52(1):373-378

Chattanooga Zoo, Chattanooga, TN 37404, USA,

Thirteen wild-caught hellbenders () were treated for with continuous chloramphenicol baths at concentrations of 20 mg/L for 14 days and 200 mg/L for 14 days. Clinical signs and deaths continued after treatment with 20 mg/L chloramphenicol but ceased after treatment with 200 mg/L chloramphenicol. No evidence of toxicity was found on hematologic tests, necropsy, or histopathologic examination. Read More

Molecules 2021 Mar 22;26(6). Epub 2021 Mar 22.

Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington DC 20064, USA.

To date, there is no effective treatment for alcoholic liver disease, despite its prevalence world-wide. Because alcohol consumption is associated with oxidative stress-induced liver injury and pro-inflammatory responses, naturally occurring antioxidants and/or anti-inflammatories may be potential therapeutics. Spermidine is an abundant, ubiquitous polyamine that has been found to display strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Mar 30;22(7). Epub 2021 Mar 30.

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.

Background: Cyclocreatine phosphate (CCrP) is a potent bioenergetic cardioprotective compound known to preserve high levels of cellular adenosine triphosphate during ischemia. Using the standard Isoproterenol (ISO) rat model of heart failure (HF), we recently demonstrated that the administration of CCrP prevented the development of HF by markedly reducing cardiac remodeling (fibrosis and collagen deposition) and maintaining normal ejection fraction and heart weight, as well as physical activity. The novel inflammatory mediator, Nourin is a 3-KDa formyl peptide rapidly released by ischemic myocardium and is associated with post-ischemic cardiac inflammation. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Mar 13;22(6). Epub 2021 Mar 13.

Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.

α-Synuclein (α-Syn) protein is involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Point mutations and multiplications of the α-Syn, which encodes the gene, are correlated with early-onset PD, therefore the reduction in a-Syn synthesis could be a potential therapy for PD if delivered to the key affected neurons. Several experimental strategies for PD have been developed in recent years using oligonucleotide therapeutics. Read More

Animals (Basel) 2021 Mar 24;11(4). Epub 2021 Mar 24.

Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA.

Nitrocompounds are derivatives of hydrocarbons, alcohols, fatty acids, and esters, consisting one or more nitro functional groups. Either natural sources of nitrocompounds or synthetic chemicals have been applied in animal diets to investigate their effects on economic animals, since conjugates of 3-nitropropanol and 3-nitropropionic acid were isolated from In this review, emphasis will be placed on nitrocompounds' antimicrobial activity, toxicity, metabolisms and mechanisms of actions. Nitrocompounds can be metabolized by ruminal microbials, such as , or alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Mar 14;22(6). Epub 2021 Mar 14.

Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an -acylethanolamide produced on-demand by the enzyme -acylphosphatidylethanolamine-preferring phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD). Being a key member of the larger family of bioactive autacoid local injury antagonist amides (ALIAmides), PEA significantly improves the clinical and histopathological stigmata in models of ulcerative colitis (UC). Despite its safety profile, high PEA doses are required in vivo to exert its therapeutic activity; therefore, PEA has been tested only in animals or human biopsy samples, to date. Read More

Life Sci 2021 Jul 29;276:119390. Epub 2021 Mar 29.

Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. Electronic address:

Aims: Currently, the main problems with chemotherapy are its side effects, toxicity, and drug resistance. Propolis has biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. This study aims to examine the combined effects of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and propolis on colorectal cancer (CRC) in mouse models. Read More

Braz J Biol 2021 19;82:e235781. Epub 2021 Mar 19.

Indonesian Institute of Sciences - LIPI, Biotechnology, Bogor, Indonesia.

Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol found in tempeh, has not been investigated especially in vitro as a neuroprotective agent against 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME)-induced beta-amyloid cytotoxicity. Beta amyloid peptides (Aβ) could initiate neurotoxic events and neuron-inflammatory response via microglial activation. However, it remains unknown whether the neurotoxic effect of beta-amyloid and/or associated with the potential of 2-ME to induce neurotoxic effects on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-ME. Read More

Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2021 Mar;39(3):228-232

Shenzhen Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen 518020, China.

2-butoxyethanol is a widely used organic solvent. The United States Toxic and Disease Registry (ATSDR) listed 2-butoxyethanol as a suspected human carcinogen. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress of methylene chloride metabolism and absorption in vivo, toxicity and biological monitoring in recent years. Read More

Aquat Toxicol 2021 May 12;234:105808. Epub 2021 Mar 12.

NORMANDIE UNIV, UNILEHAVRE, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I02, Environmental Stress and Biomonitoring of Aquatic Environments (SEBIO), 76600 LE HAVRE, France. Electronic address:

Juvenile crabs of Carcinus maenas thrive in coastal waters reputed to be the receptacle of continental pollution. Amongst the many pollutants encountered, antidepressants, such as fluoxetine (FLX) and venlafaxine (VEN), often detected at the ng•L range, are particularly worrying because of their action on the levels of monoamines, such as serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine. In crustaceans, those monoamines are involved in colour change through their action on neuropeptide hormones. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2021 Jun 30;772:145475. Epub 2021 Jan 30.

Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China. Electronic address:

Electronic cigarettes (E-cigarette) are an alternative for traditional cigarette smokers to quit smoking. Based on the current understanding, electronic cigarettes have rapidly become popular among existing smokers and former non-smokers. However, increasing research at different levels reveals that e-cigarettes are unsafe. Read More

Bioresour Technol 2021 Jun 20;330:125022. Epub 2021 Mar 20.

The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

This work aims to synthesize S-(4-chlorophenyl)-(pyridin-2-yl) methanol (S-CPMA) in a green, economic, and efficient way. In the water-cyclohexane liquid-liquid system, recombinant Escherichia coli (E. coli) was used as a whole-cell catalyst and retained > 60% of its catalytic activity after five reuse cycles. Read More

Environ Sci Technol 2021 04 25;55(8):5496-5505. Epub 2021 Mar 25.

National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.

This paper showcases the suitability of an environmentally extended input-output framework to provide macroeconomic analyses of an expanding bioeconomy to allow for adequate evaluation of its benefits and trade-offs. It also exemplifies the framework's applicability to provide early design stage evaluations of emerging technologies expected to contribute to a future bioeconomy. Here, it is used to compare the current United States (U. Read More

Nat Metab 2021 03 22;3(3):337-351. Epub 2021 Mar 22.

Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Alcohol is among the most widely used psychoactive substances worldwide. Ethanol metabolites such as acetate, thought to be primarily the result of ethanol breakdown by hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), contribute to alcohol's behavioural effects and alcoholism. Here, we show that ALDH2 is expressed in astrocytes in the mouse cerebellum and that ethanol metabolism by astrocytic ALDH2 mediates behavioural effects associated with ethanol intoxication. Read More

J Vis Exp 2021 03 4(169). Epub 2021 Mar 4.

Lowy Medical Research Institute; The Scripps Research Institute.

Organoids provide a promising platform to study disease mechanism and treatments, directly in the context of human tissue with the versatility and throughput of cell culture. Mature human retinal organoids are utilized to screen potential pharmaceutical treatments for the age-related retinal degenerative disease macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel). We have recently shown that MacTel can be caused by elevated levels of an atypical lipid species, deoxysphingolipids (deoxySLs). Read More

Huan Jing Ke Xue 2021 Mar;42(3):1496-1502

Center for Environmental Health Risk Assessment and Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.

Ephedrine (EPH) is an alkaloid commonly used to relieve nasal congestion caused by colds, allergic rhinitis, rhinitis, and sinusitis, and to control bronchial asthma. It is also be used as a raw material in the manufacture of methamphetamine. Although the distribution of EPH in surface waters has been widely studied, its uptake, internal distribution, and toxicokinetic processing in exposed organisms have not been well investigated. Read More

Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020 09;67(9):e28477

Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Sheffield Childrens NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.

Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a rare hyperinflammatory immuneregulatory disorder, is a challenge in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) because of the high rate of mixed chimerism, relapse, and graft failure (GF) unless intensive myeloablative regimens are used. However, historically conventional myeloablative regimens (conv MA) are associated with high toxicity and mortality.

Procedure: We retrospectively compared transplant outcomes between three preparative regimens of varying intensities: Conv MA (n = 15), reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC, n = 12), and a treosulfan-based reduced-toxicity conditioning (RTC, n = 9). Read More

Sci Total Environ 2021 Jun 26;771:145385. Epub 2021 Jan 26.

Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Electronic address:

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been intensely studied for the removal of refractory pollutants because of the strong oxidizing capacity of hydroxyl radical. One of the emerging AOP methods gaining increased attention is bio-electro-Fenton (BEF) which can generate hydroxyl radical in-situ in the cathode chamber using the energy harvested by exoelectrogenic bacteria in the anode. In this study, the feasibility of BEF technology for the removal of metoprolol, a typical micropollutant widely found in the water environment, was for the first time investigated. Read More

Nat Commun 2021 03 16;12(1):1689. Epub 2021 Mar 16.

State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Administration of drugs via the buccal route has attracted much attention in recent years. However, developing systems with satisfactory adhesion under wet conditions and adequate drug bioavailability still remains a challenge. Here, we propose a mussel-inspired mucoadhesive film. Read More

Neurosci Lett 2021 04 13;751:135829. Epub 2021 Mar 13.

Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. Electronic address:

Extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) are present in all biofluids and incorporate many types of RNAs including miRNA. To enhance their stability outside of the cell, exRNAs are bound within ribonucleoprotein complexes or packaged into extracellular vesicles (EVs). The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic interface between the systemic circulation and the CNS and is responsible for maintaining a stable extracellular environment for CNS cells. Read More

Life Sci 2021 Jun 11;274:119336. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166615739 Tabriz, Iran; Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166653431 Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address:

Aims: This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of amniotic fluid-derived extracellular vesicles including exosomes (AF-Exos) on the recovery of sperm production capacity in a rat model of azoospermia.

Main Methods: The non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) was induced in rats using intratesticular administration of Busulfan. Azoospermia was confirmed by testis histology. Read More

Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021 04 6;417:115482. Epub 2021 Mar 6.

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. Electronic address:

Incomplete polymerization or biodegradation of dental resin materials results in the release of resin monomers such as triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), causing severe injury of dental pulp cells. To date, there has been no efficient treatment option for this complication, in part due to the lack of understanding of the mechanism underlying these phenomena. Here, for the first time, we found that notoginsenoside R1 (NR1), a bioactive ingredient extracted from Panax notoginseng, exerted an obvious protective effect on TEGDMA-induced mitochondrial apoptosis in the preodontoblast mDPC6T cell line. Read More