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Chem Biol Interact 2022 May 5;361:109969. Epub 2022 May 5.

State University of Londrina (UEL/PR), Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. Electronic address:

Leishmaniasis is a group of chronic parasitic diseases in humans caused by species of the Leishmania genus. Current treatments have high toxicity, cost, duration, limited effectiveness, significantly complex administration, and drug-resistant strains. These factors highlight the importance of research into new therapies that use drugs without toxic effects. Read More

J Toxicol Pathol 2022 Apr 18;35(2):171-182. Epub 2021 Dec 18.

Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-0081, Japan.

The retina consists of several layers, and drugs can affect the retina and choroid separately. Therefore, investigating the target layers of toxicity can provide useful information pertaining to its modes of action. Herein, we compared gene expression profiles obtained via microarray analyses using samples of target layers collected via laser capture microdissection and samples of the whole globe of the eye of rats treated with -methyl--nitrosourea. Read More

J Neuroophthalmol 2022 Mar 29;42(1):e187-e191. Epub 2021 Jun 29.

Division of Neuro-Ophthalmology (JLP), Sonny Montgomery V. A. Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Department of Ophthalmology (KMM, DKB), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and Department of Neurology (JLP, PPP, PWP), Sonny Montgomery V. A. Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.

Background: To describe the first case of optic perineuritis because of meningeal involvement of early stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

Methods: A case report and review of the literature.

Results: A case of unilateral optic neuropathy associated with enhancement of the optic nerve sheath is described in a patient with a prior 2-year history of Rai Stage 0 CLL. Read More

Toxicology 2022 04 16;472:153181. Epub 2022 Apr 16.

Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Electronic address:

Organophosphates (OPs) are commonly used pesticides worldwide. Humans are exposed to OPs via different routes viz., the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and dermal integuments. Read More

J Fr Ophtalmol 2022 May 13;45(5):495-503. Epub 2022 Apr 13.

Service d'ophtalmologie, CRMR Ophtara, hôpital universitaire Necker-Enfants-Malades, hôpitaux Paris Centre, AP-HP, Paris, France; Faculté de médecine, université de Paris, Paris, France; Centre Borelli, UMR 9010 CNRS-ENS Paris Saclay, SSA, Université de Paris, Gif sur Yvette, France.

While treatment of pulmonary infections by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is currently only rarely the cause of iatrogenic complications, treatment of atypical mycobacterial infections often requires prolonged treatment duration, which can lead to toxic optic neuropathies. This review summarizes the indications for such prolonged treatment and risk factors for toxic optic neuropathies when using ethambutol, isoniazid and/or linezolid and proposes customized screening recommendations. Read More

Discov Oncol 2022 Apr 6;13(1):21. Epub 2022 Apr 6.

Moores Cancer Center, University of California, 3855 Health Sciences Dr, Rm 2336, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA.

Purpose: There is a great need to reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy used in the management of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here we explore if regional pressurized delivery of oxaliplatin can minimize peripheral neuropathy in mice.

Methods: We used an orthotopic PDAC mouse model and delivered a single dose of oxaliplatin through the portal vein using a pressure-enabled system (pancreatic retrograde venous infusion, PRVI). Read More

Eur J Pharmacol 2022 May 2;923:174935. Epub 2022 Apr 2.

Global Preclinical R&D, Grünenthal Innovation, Grünenthal GmbH, Zieglerstraße 6, D-52078, Aachen, Germany.

Chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) can result from surgery or traumatic injury, but also from peripheral neuropathies caused by diseases, viral infections, or toxic treatments. Opioids, although very effective for acute pain, do not prevent the development of CNP, and are considered as insufficient treatment. Therefore, there is high need for effective and safe non-opioid options to treat, prevent and eventually reverse CNP. Read More

Cureus 2022 Feb 22;14(2):e22509. Epub 2022 Feb 22.

Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Miri, Sarawak, MYS.

A parotid lesion with facial nerve involvement almost always indicates malignancy. Facial nerve palsy as a complication of parotid abscess is extremely rare. The postulated mechanisms include ischaemic neuropathy secondary to the compression of the facial nerve by the parotid swelling, local toxic effect and perineuritis from the inflammatory process. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2022 14;13:757415. Epub 2022 Mar 14.

Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Proteasome inhibitors (PI) cause toxic peripheral neuropathy (PN), which is one of the dose-limiting adverse events of these treatments. Recent preclinical studies find that factor Xa inhibitor (FXaI), rivaroxaban, promotes PN in animals receiving oxaliplatin. Cancer patients can receive combined therapy of PI and FXaI. Read More

Stem Cells Transl Med 2022 Mar;11(3):282-296

Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishimbashi Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

The spiral ganglion of the cochlea is essential for hearing and contains primary bipolar neurons that relay action potentials generated by mechanosensory hair cells. Injury to spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) causes permanent hearing loss because these cells have limited regenerative capacity. Establishment of human cell-derived inner ear tissue in vitro could facilitate the development of treatments for hearing loss. Read More

Microbes Infect 2022 Mar 24:104971. Epub 2022 Mar 24.

Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer - LIDNC, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil. Electronic address:

Owing to the serious adverse effects caused by pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, the drugs commonly used to treat toxoplasmosis, there is a need for treatment alternatives for this disease. Nanotechnology has enabled significant advances toward this goal. This study was conducted to evaluate the activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNp-Bio) in RAW 264. Read More

Microb Biotechnol 2022 Mar 23. Epub 2022 Mar 23.

Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.

Aminoglycosides are one of the oldest classes of antimicrobials that are being used in current clinical practice, especially on multi-drug resistant Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. However, the serious side effects at high dosage such as ototoxicity, neuropathy and nephrotoxicity limit their applications in clinical practice. Approaches that potentiate aminoglycoside killing could lower down their effective concentrations to a non-toxic dosage for clinical treatment. Read More

Clin Genitourin Cancer 2022 Feb 24. Epub 2022 Feb 24.

Medical Oncology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.

Introduction: Docetaxel 75 mg/m every 3 weeks is the standard schedule for metastatic prostate cancer (mPC). Alternative dosing of 50 mg/m every 2 weeks may be an option for frail patients. Our aim is to define which factors influence the choice of schedule and to compare the outcomes of both schedules in daily clinical practice. Read More

Pharm Res 2022 Apr 17;39(4):677-689. Epub 2022 Mar 17.

Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S Nagar, 160062, Punjab, India.

Purpose: Ethambutol (EMB) is a first-line anti-tubercular drug that is known to cause optic neuropathy. The exact mechanism of its eye toxicity is unknown; however, proposition is metal chelating effect of both EMB and its metabolite 2,2'-(ethylenediamino)-dibutyric acid (EDBA). The latter is formed by sequential metabolism of EMB by alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) and aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs). Read More

Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022 03 16;10(1):34. Epub 2022 Mar 16.

Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and Scleroderma Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.

Entrapment peripheral neuropathies are clinically characterized by sensory impairment and motor deficits. They are usually caused by mechanical injuries, but they are also a frequent manifestation of metabolic diseases, toxic agent exposure, or systemic fibrotic disorders. Here we describe the clinical, radiological, and histopathological features of a novel progressive fibrotic disorder characterized by progressive multifocal fibrosing neuropathy. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 03 6;19(5). Epub 2022 Mar 6.

Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.

Optic neuropathies constitute a group of conditions with various etiologies and might be caused by different factors; we can distinguish the genetic and acquired causes of optic neuropathies. Even though the symptoms are not highly specific, this condition is primarily characterized by unilateral or bilateral vision loss with worsening color detection. The loss may be acute or gradual depending on the causation. Read More

Front Cell Dev Biol 2021 14;9:820105. Epub 2022 Feb 14.

Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Neurofilament light (NFL) is one of the proteins forming multimeric neuron-specific intermediate filaments, neurofilaments, which fill the axonal cytoplasm, establish caliber growth, and provide structural support. Dominant missense mutations and recessive nonsense mutations in the neurofilament light gene () are among the causes of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathy, which affects the peripheral nerves with the longest axons. We previously demonstrated that a neuropathy-causing homozygous nonsense mutation in led to the absence of NFL in patient-specific neurons. Read More

Cureus 2022 Jan 25;14(1):e21587. Epub 2022 Jan 25.

Investigations Unit, Al Mashreq Eye Center, Cairo, EGY.

A 52-year-old male presented nine days following accidental methanol ingestion with a drop of vision in both eyes. A complete ophthalmic assessment was performed, with a referral to a neurologist for multidisciplinary management. On ophthalmological evaluation, visual acuity was hand motion (HM) bilaterally with swollen optic discs. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2022 Mar 3;25:101374. Epub 2022 Feb 3.

Department of Ophthalmology, University General Hospital of Castellón, Avenida de Benicàssim, 128, 12004, Castellón de La Plana, Spain.

A 36-year-old man presented complaining of bilateral painless vision loss. He was admitted with chronic ethanol abuse, as well as sporadic cocaine consumption three days before symptom onset. General medical evaluation dismissed cerebral and cardiovascular events. Read More

Turk J Ophthalmol 2022 02;52(1):72-74

Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Sadık Eratik Eye Clinic, İstanbul, Turkey

There is no consensus on the choice of systemic and ophthalmic treatment for patients who develop ocular toxicity with erlotinib in the few cases reported previously. Various ocular complications related to erlotinib have been reported, with one of the most serious being corneal perforation. Our patient was at risk of potential corneal perforation because of severe cicatricial ectropion and diffuse punctate corneal epitheliopathy. Read More

Clin Neuropharmacol 2022 Mar-Apr 01;45(2):35-38

Department of Neuromedicine, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research & SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Background: Metronidazole has been used to treat a broad range of infections over the decades, and its safety profile has been presumably well studied. However, neurological severe adverse events after prescription and nonprescription use of metronidazole is well recognized but underdiagnosed.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a 48-year-old Indian man who presented with unremitting symptoms of peripheral neuropathy along with a silent callosal lesion in the splenium ("boomerang" sign). Read More

J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2022 Jan-Mar;17(1):140-145. Epub 2022 Jan 21.

Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Purpose: To present the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) findings of the radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) network in an individual with severe bilateral methanol-induced toxic optic neuropathy (MTON) in comparison to a normal subject and a patient with retinitis pigmentosa.

Case Report: A 35-year-old man with severe bilateral MTON was referred to the neuro-ophthalmology clinic at the Labbafinejad Medical Center. The Angio Vue OCT 3D set of 4. Read More

Cureus 2022 Jan 13;14(1):e21214. Epub 2022 Jan 13.

Internal Medicine, Grand Strand Medical Center, Myrtle Beach, USA.

Nitrous oxide is clinically used as an inhaled anesthetic in surgical and dental procedures. It is also used as an inhaled recreational drug and can be incredibly addictive. It tends to irreversibly oxidize cobalamin (Vitamin B12), rendering it inactive as a coenzyme in the production of methionine. Read More

Cureus 2022 Jan 9;14(1):e21042. Epub 2022 Jan 9.

Oncology, Universiti Sains Malaysia School of Medical Sciences, Kota Bharu, MYS.

Introduction To evaluate if early tamoxifen toxicity can be detected by comparing pre-and post-treatment optic nerve head parameters and visual function using Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph III (HRT III) and Pattern Visual Evoked Potential (Pattern VEP). Method This is a prospective study involving 76 eyes of 38 breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia. These patients were examined by a single doctor and the investigations were done by a single technician. Read More

Cesk Slov Oftalmol 2021 ;77(3):147-150

The most common cause of visual field loss in ophthalmology is glaucoma. Other causes of visual field damage include local damage to the eye itself in intrabulbar or retrobulbar neuritis or injuries. However, they can also be caused by general diseases, e. Read More

Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2022 Jan 31. Epub 2022 Jan 31.

Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand.

Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent against solid cancers. However, neuropathy is a major side effect and has no effective treatment so far. Emerging evidence suggests that cisplatin might damage nerve capillaries leading to impaired blood-nerve barrier (BNB). Read More

SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2022 25;10:2050313X211070522. Epub 2022 Jan 25.

Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Kimura's Disease (KD) is a benign, relapsing chronic inflammatory condition often seen in young Asian males, manifesting as recurrent swellings in skin and subcutaneous tissues especially in the head and neck region. Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis (EGPA) is a debilitating multisystem vasculitic condition which causes high morbidity due to cavitating lung lesions, neuropathy and renal impairment. Eosinophilia is common to both conditions. Read More

Neuroophthalmology 2022 25;46(1):41-43. Epub 2021 May 25.

Ophthalmology Depertment, Aksaray University Faculte of Medicine, Aksaray, Turkey.

Apart from the known factors that cause toxic optic neuropathy, there may be factors that have not yet been identified. We report a 32-year-old man who presented with a complaint of decreased vision. His optic discs were diffusely covered with a black pigment, and below were atrophic. Read More

Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2022 Dec;50(1):1-9

Department of Chemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a toxic gas that causes neuropathy. However, CO is endogenously produced in small amounts showing various beneficial effects. We hypothesized that CO-bound haemoglobin-vesicle (HbV) administration would reduce cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury without causing neuropathy. Read More

J Neurol Sci 2022 Mar 19;434:120159. Epub 2022 Jan 19.

Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Clinical Neuroscience Center, Zurich, Switzerland.

Background Disorders affecting the vestibular organs (semicircular canals, utriculus, sacculus), may result in distinct patterns of peripheral-vestibular loss that may facilitate the diagnostic assessment. When neuropathological tests of these sensors are available, it is possible to classify responses as being due to different deficit types. Objective To provide a topical review and to summarize recent advances in pattern-recognition of unilateral and bilateral vestibular disease by use of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) as published by the authors. Read More