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Neuromuscul Disord 2019 Feb 20. Epub 2019 Feb 20.

Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Dep. of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Ziemssenstraße 1A, 80336 Munich, Germany. Electronic address:

Neurofilaments are structural components of motor axons. Recently different variants resulting in translation of a cryptic amyloidogenic element of the neurofilament-heavy polypeptide (NEFH) gene have been described to cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2CC (CMT2CC) by forming amyloidogenic toxic protein aggregation. Until now only few CMT2CC patients have been described. Read More

Acta Neurol Belg 2019 Apr 13. Epub 2019 Apr 13.

Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.

n-Hexane gives cause to one of the most common toxic polyneuropathies seen in poorly ventilated factories. It is a sensory-motor polyneuropathy ending up with axonal degeneration. Nerve biopsy reveals paranodal axonal swelling and secondary myelin retraction in early stages. Read More

J Control Release 2019 Apr 11. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America. Electronic address:

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major adverse effect of paclitaxel. Several liposome-based products have been approved and demonstrated superior efficacy and safety profiles for other drugs. The first objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of liposome formulation of paclitaxel (L-PTX) on neurotoxicity in-vitro and in-vivo in comparison to the standard Taxol® formulation. Read More

Neurol Sci 2019 Apr 9. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education "St. Petersburg State University", University Emb., 7-9, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 199034.

In the last 30 years, improvement of diagnostic methods enabled routine evaluation of small A-delta and C nerve fibers impairment, which results with the clinical condition known as a small-fiber neuropathy (SFN). This syndrome develops as a result of metabolic, toxic, immune-mediated, or genetic factors. The main clinical features include neuropathic pain and autonomic disturbance, which are occasionally disclaimed due to outstanding fatigue, daily performance decline, anxiety, and depression. Read More

Case Rep Pediatr 2019 5;2019:8972574. Epub 2019 Mar 5.

Obstetric and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hassan II Academic Hospital, Fez, Morocco.

Isoniazid is an antimycobacterial agent commonly prescribed in most tuberculosis chemotherapy regimens. Its side effects are widely known including mainly liver toxicity and peripheral neuropathy. The toxic effects of isoniazid are dose-related. Read More

J Clin Oncol 2019 Apr 2:JCO1801994. Epub 2019 Apr 2.

14 Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY.

Purpose: Alliance/CALGB 50303 (NCT00118209), an intergroup, phase III study, compared dose-adjusted etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and rituximab (DA-EPOCH-R) with standard rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) as frontline therapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Patients And Methods: Patients received six cycles of DA-EPOCH-R or R-CHOP. The primary objective was progression-free survival (PFS); secondary clinical objectives included response rate, overall survival (OS), and safety. Read More

Neurobiol Dis 2019 Mar 26;127:527-544. Epub 2019 Mar 26.

Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago Center for Peripheral Neuropathy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States. Electronic address:

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by motor neuron death in the brain and spinal cord. Mutations in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene account for ~20% of all familial ALS forms, corresponding to 1%-2% of all ALS cases. One of the suggested mechanisms by which mutant SOD1 (mtSOD1) exerts its toxic effects involves intracellular accumulation of abnormal mtSOD1 aggregates, which trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activate its adaptive signal transduction pathways, including the unfolded protein response (UPR). Read More

Daru 2019 Mar 20. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Design & Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran.

Background: During recent years, a number of anti-tubulin agents were introduced for treatment of diverse types of cancer. Despite their potential in the treatment of cancer, drug resistance and adverse toxicity, such as peripheral neuropathy, are some of the negative effects of anti-tubulin agents. Among anti-tubulin agents, indibulin was found to cause minimal peripheral neuropathy. Read More

J Peripher Nerv Syst 2019 Mar 13. Epub 2019 Mar 13.

Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type I (HSAN-1) is an autosomal dominant sensory neuropathy occurring secondary to mutations in the SPTLC1 and SPTLC2 genes. We present two generations of a single family with Ser384Phe mutation in the SPTLC2 gene located on chromosome 14q24 characterized by a typical HSAN-1c presentation, with additional findings upper motor neuron signs, early demyelinating features on nerve conduction studies, and type II juxtafoveal retinal telangiectasias also known as macular telangiectasias (MacTel II). Although HSAN1 is characterized as an axonal neuropathy, demyelinating features were identified in two subjects on serial nerve conduction studies comprising motor conduction block, temporal dispersion, and prolongation of F-waves. Read More

Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2019 Apr 20;12(4):309-328. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

a Department of Neurology and Psychiatry , Assiut University Hospital , Assiut , Egypt.

Introduction: Ocular dysfunctions and toxicities induced by antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are rarely reviewed and not frequently received attention by treating physicians compared to other adverse effects (e.g. endocrinologic, cognitive and metabolic). Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2019;135(1):84-89

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Department of Ophthalmology, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991.

Purpose: To study how therapeutically sensitive retinal cell culture is to the peptide bioregulator isolated from cattle retina (Retinalamin) in models of glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON).

Material And Methods: The cells were isolated from the retinae separated from newborn mice. Cell sheets were disaggregated and transformed into a suspension. Read More

Biomedicines 2019 Feb 5;7(1). Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.

Transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis is caused by systemic deposition of wild-type or variant amyloidogenic TTR (ATTRwt and ATTRv, respectively). ATTRwt amyloidosis has traditionally been termed senile systemic amyloidosis, while ATTRv amyloidosis has been called familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Although ATTRwt amyloidosis has classically been regarded as one of the causes of cardiomyopathy occurring in the elderly population, recent developments in diagnostic techniques have significantly expanded the concept of this disease. Read More

Carbohydr Polym 2019 Apr 29;210:412-428. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India.

Cancer is one of the most common diseases seen in developed countries, with over 1.6 million new cases estimated in 2017, in the US alone. The current chemotherapeutic drugs available for the therapeutic management of cancer are associated with major adverse effects like alopecia, anemia, immunodeficiency, fatigue, peripheral neuropathy, fertility issues and neurological problems, to name a few of them. Read More

Curr Treat Options Neurol 2019 Feb 7;21(1). Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Neurology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.

Purpose Of Review: Nutritional optic neuropathy is a potential cause of severe visual loss; however, appropriate and timely management can result in excellent visual outcomes. The purpose of this review is to outline our current understanding of the treatment and outcomes for nutritional optic neuropathy.

Recent Findings: Current understanding of nutritional optic neuropathy has been greatly aided by some well-reported and investigated epidemics of the condition, most notably the Cuban epidemic optic neuropathy of the early 1990s. Read More

Toxicol Pathol 2019 Feb 5:192623319826068. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

1 Virginia Tech-Laboratory for Neurotoxicity Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.

This review illustrates common lesions of peripheral nerve myelinated fibers that occur in toxic neuropathy. These distinctive structural changes help to define the site of toxicant activity and thus predict the course of neurotoxic disease and recovery. Neuronopathy is the condition where the primary injury is directed to the neuronal cell body giving rise to a peripheral nerve axon. Read More

J Cancer 2019 1;10(1):257-266. Epub 2019 Jan 1.

Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, China.

Major chemotherapeutic drugs for advanced biliary tract cancer (ABTC) include gemcitabine, fluoropyrimidines and platinum compounds, but the optimum combination of them remains inconclusive. The main objective of this network meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy and safety of first-line chemotherapies for ABTC. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane library and Science Direct for relevant controlled trials until May 2017. Read More

J Biol Chem 2019 Apr 14;294(14):5321-5339. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

From the Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are essential enzymes that catalyze the first reaction in protein biosynthesis, namely the charging of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) with their cognate amino acids. aaRSs have been increasingly implicated in dominantly and recessively inherited human diseases. The most common aaRS-associated monogenic disorder is the incurable neurodegenerative disease Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy (CMT), caused by dominant mono-allelic mutations in aaRSs. Read More

Inflammopharmacology 2019 Jan 1. Epub 2019 Jan 1.

Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.

Human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) associated sensory neuropathy (SN) is a frequent complication of HIV infection. It is extremely difficult to alleviate and hence the quality of life of affected individuals is severely and adversely impacted. Stavudine (d4T) is an antiretroviral drug that was widely used globally prior to 2010 and that is still used today in resource-limited settings. Read More

Hum Mol Genet 2018 Nov 27. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

DIBIT, Divisions of Genetics and Cell Biology.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathies (CMTs) are a group of genetic disorders that affect the peripheral nervous system (PNS) with heterogeneous pathogenesis and no available treatment. Axonal Neuregulin 1 type III (Nrg1TIII) drives peripheral nerve myelination by activating downstream signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk that converge on master transcriptional regulators of myelin genes, such as Krox20. We reasoned that modulating Nrg1TIII activity may constitute a general therapeutic strategy to treat CMTs that are characterized by reduced levels of myelination. Read More

J Neurol 2018 Nov 22. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Academic Department of Neurosciences, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK.

The primary aim of this systematic review was to establish the prevalence, character, and risk factors of peripheral neuropathy amongst chronic alcohol abusers and to identify the most appropriate management strategies. In this review, possible pathogenetic mechanisms are also discussed. A systematic, computer-based search was conducted using the PubMed database. Read More

Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019 Feb 21;174(1):27-37. Epub 2018 Nov 21.

Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet and Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo 121, 1000, Brussels, Belgium.

Purpose: Standard adjuvant chemotherapy for HER2-negative breast cancer consists generally in an anthracycline and taxane-based regimen (A+T). The TC (docetaxel and cyclophosphamide) regimen arises as a potential alternative, although individual randomized controlled trials (RCTs) could not demonstrate the non-inferiority of TC over A+T. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs comparing 6 cycles of TC versus sequential A+T in the adjuvant treatment of HER2-negative breast cancer. Read More

Clin Liver Dis 2019 02;23(1):141-155

Department of Neurology, Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, 9th Floor, MS:BCM609, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Electronic address:

Chronic alcohol use induces silent changes in the structure and function of the central and peripheral nervous systems that eventually result in irreversible, debilitating repercussions. Once identified, nutritional supplementation and cessation measures are critical in preventing further neurologic damage. The proposed mechanisms of neuronal injury in chronic alcohol abuse include direct toxic effects of alcohol and indirect effects, including those resulting from hepatic dysfunction, nutritional deficiencies, and neuroinflammation. Read More

Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2018 Nov 17:1-11. Epub 2018 Nov 17.

a Toxicological Information Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine , Charles University and General University Hospital , Prague , Czech Republic.

Context: Methanol poisoning induces acute optic neuropathy with possible long-term visual damage.

Objective: To study the dynamics and key determinants of visual pathway functional changes during 4 years after acute methanol poisoning.

Methods: A total of 42 patients with confirmed methanol poisoning (mean age 45. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2018 17;9:1114. Epub 2018 Oct 17.

Pharmacy Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.

Skin ulcers are a serious complication of diabetes. Diabetic patients suffer from vascular lesions and complications such as peripheral neuritis, peripheral vascular lesions, and collagen abnormalities, which result in skin wounds that are refractory and often develop into chronic ulcers. The healing of skin ulcers requires an inflammatory reaction, wound proliferation, remodeling regulation, and control of stem cells. Read More

Glia 2019 04 30;67(4):571-581. Epub 2018 Oct 30.

INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.

Myelinating Schwann cells undergo irreversible demyelination in many demyelinating neuropathies that show complete demyelination of the internode. Dedifferentiation, reprogramming, and myelin clearance processes-which are specifically discussed in this article-appear to be shared by various demyelinating peripheral conditions, such as Wallerian degeneration, immune-mediated, and toxic demyelinating diseases. We propose to introduce the concept of the "demyelinating Schwann cell (DSC)" as a novel cell phenotype, which has specific properties required for myelin sheath clearance. Read More

Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2019 Jun 26;38(2):136-140. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

d Department of Biochemistry , Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey.

Aim: Ethambutol and isoniazid are two major effective first line agents in tuberculosis treatment having some visual adverse effects. We aimed to determine the protective effects of lutein on oxidative optic neuropathy induced by ethambutol and isoniazid in an experimental model.

Material And Method: Totally 24 albino Wistar male rats were assigned into 4 groups, with 6 rats in each group as follows: healthy controls (HC group), 50 mg/kg ethambutol +50 mg/kg isoniazid administered group (EI), 0. Read More

Front Neurosci 2018 9;12:712. Epub 2018 Oct 9.

Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.

Heme (iron-protoporphyrin IX) is an essential co-factor involved in several biological processes, including neuronal survival and differentiation. Nevertheless, an excess of free-heme promotes oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, thus leading to cell death. The toxic properties of heme in the brain have been extensively studied during intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhages. Read More

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2018 Jan-Dec;32:2058738418805322

1 The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China.

Acrylamide (ACR), formed during the Maillard reaction induced by high temperature in food processing, is one of the main causes of neurodegenerative diseases. Taurine, a free intracellular β-amino acid, is characterized by many functions, including antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. This promotes its application in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Read More

Rinsho Ketsueki 2018;59(10):2162-2168

Department of Hematology & Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a mature plasma cell neoplasm characterized by the excessive production of monoclonal antibodies and various cytokines. Therefore, MM cells are highly dependent on the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and the well-differentiated unfolded protein response in the endoplasmic reticulum. Bortezomib, the first approved proteasome inhibitor (PI) for the treatment of MM, is widely used as a therapeutic agent for patients with MM, including newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory (RR) cases. Read More

Sci Rep 2018 Oct 5;8(1):14891. Epub 2018 Oct 5.

McClellan Veterans Medical Center, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.

Toxic protein aggregates are key features of progressive neurodegenerative diseases. In addition to "seed" proteins diagnostic for each neuropathy (e.g. Read More

Pharmacol Res 2018 11 29;137:104-113. Epub 2018 Sep 29.

College of Health and Biomedicine, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine Western Health, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Australia; Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address:

Cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin represent the backbone of platinum therapy for several malignancies including head and neck, lung, colorectal, ovarian, breast, and genitourinary cancer. However, the efficacy of platinum-based drugs is often compromised by a plethora of severe toxicities including sensory and enteric neuropathy. Acute and chronic neurotoxicity following platinum chemotherapy is a major constraint, contributing to dose-reductions, treatment delays, and cessation of treatment. Read More

Adv Exp Med Biol 2018;1087:239-243

Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a special group of noncoding single-stranded highly stable ribonucleic acid entities abundant in the eukaryotic transcriptome. These circular forms of RNAs are significantly enriched in human brain and retinal tissues. However, the biological evolution and function of these circRNAs are poorly understood. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Sep;97(36):e12254

Rationale: Sciatic neuropathy has various causes; however, cases in which a pressure ulcer led to sciatic neuropathy have not been reported to date.

Patient Concerns: A 33-year-old woman with no pre-existing mobility problems visited our department with the chief complaint of an extensive pressure ulcer and necrosis in her right buttock. She had a medical history of being bedridden for 2 days while in a coma due to a drug overdose 2 months previously. Read More

J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018 Dec;30(1):139-140

Maulana Azad Medical College, Department of Pharmacology, New Delhi, India.

We report a 26-year-old male patient diagnosed with extensively drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis presenting with reversible bilateral toxic optic neuropathy induced by the use of linezolid along with high-dose isoniazid. The case emphasizes the importance of recognizing toxic optic neuritis in patients on antitubercular therapy. Prompt recognition and treatment of such adverse drug reactions will reduce the associated morbidity. Read More

Oncology (Williston Park) 2018 08;32(8):418-20, 422-4

The carboplatin/paclitaxel doublet remains the chemotherapy backbone for the initial treatment of ovarian cancer. This two-drug regimen, with carboplatin dosed using the Calvert formula, yielded convincing noninferior outcomes when compared with the prior, more toxic, regimen of cisplatin/paclitaxel. Carboplatin's dose-limiting toxicity is thrombocytopenia; however, when this drug is properly dosed and combined with paclitaxel, the doublet's cycle 1 dose in chemotherapy-naive women is generally safe. Read More

Int Ophthalmol 2018 Aug 13. Epub 2018 Aug 13.

West Virginia University Eye Institute, 1 Medical Center Dr, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.

Purpose: To report a case of toxic optic neuropathy caused by an ocular bee sting.

Methods: Case report and literature review.

Results: A 44-year-old female presented with no light perception vision 2 days after a corneal bee sting in her right eye. Read More

Biomed Pharmacother 2018 Nov 8;107:306-328. Epub 2018 Aug 8.

Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Mokdumpur, Malda 732103, India. Electronic address:

Chronic exposure of glucose rich environment creates several physiological and pathophysiological changes. There are several pathways by which hyperglycemia exacerbate its toxic effect on cells, tissues and organ systems. Hyperglycemia can induce oxidative stress, upsurge polyol pathway, activate protein kinase C (PKC), enhance hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), promote the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and finally alters gene expressions. Read More

Neurotox Res 2019 Jan 7;35(1):150-159. Epub 2018 Aug 7.

Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-FCFRP, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.

Organophosphorus (OPs) compounds have been widely used in agriculture, industry, and household, and the neurotoxicity induced by them is still a cause of concern. The main toxic mechanism of OPs is the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE); however, the delayed neuropathy induced by OPs (OPIDN) is mediated by other mechanisms such as the irreversible inhibition of 70% of NTE activity (neuropathy target esterase) that leads to axonal degeneration. Liraglutide is a long-lasting GLP-1 analog clinically used as antidiabetic. Read More

Mitochondrion 2018 Aug 4. Epub 2018 Aug 4.

Doheny Eye Institute, 1355 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Doheny Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 800 South Fairmount Avenue, Suite 215, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA; The Ottawa Eye Institute, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M2, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada.

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited mitochondrial disorder characterized by acute bilateral vision loss. The pathophysiology involves reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be affected by medications. This article reviews the evidence for medications with demonstrated and theoretical effects on mitochondrial function, specifically in relation to increased ROS production. Read More

Curr Eye Res 2018 Oct 7;43(10):1199-1204. Epub 2018 Aug 7.

a Department of Ophthalmology , University of California , Irvine , CA , USA.

There is growing evidence for the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the toxic optic neuropathies. Due to the structural similarities between antibiotic targets and mitochondrial machinery, several antibiotics known to cause optic neuropathy have deleterious effects on mitochondrial function. We review the literature on the prevalence, clinical manifestations, and management of antibiotic induced toxic optic neuropathies. Read More

J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018 Oct 17;144(10):1851-1859. Epub 2018 Jul 17.

Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China.

Background: Significant improvement in survival outcome with the programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors has been shown in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients compared with chemotherapy. However, the full spectrum of toxic events of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors was not well characterized. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to state the safety profile of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in NSCLC, and identify the exact incidence and relative risk (RR) of both summary and detailed AEs. Read More

Essays Biochem 2018 07 20;62(3):467-481. Epub 2018 Jul 20.

Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, U.S.A.

For the vast majority of patients with mitochondrial diseases, only supportive and symptomatic therapies are available. However, in the last decade, due to extraordinary advances in defining the causes and pathomechanisms of these diverse disorders, new therapies are being developed in the laboratory and are entering human clinical trials. In this review, we highlight the current use of dietary supplement and exercise therapies as well as emerging therapies that may be broadly applicable across multiple mitochondrial diseases or tailored for specific disorders. Read More

JAMA Oncol 2018 Oct;4(10):1344-1351

Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.

Importance: Preferential delivery of docetaxel to tumors by prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted nanoparticles is clinically effective, and the selective reduction of PSMA-positive circulating tumor cells (CTCs) after treatment has implications for patient selection and disease monitoring.

Objective: To determine the safety and efficacy of BIND-014, a PSMA-directed docetaxel-containing nanoparticle, in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Design, Setting, And Participants: A multicenter open-label, phase 2 clinical trial of 42 chemotherapy-naive patients with progressing mCRPC after treatment with abiraterone acetate and/or enzalutamide was conducted from June 24, 2013, to June 10, 2016. Read More

Int Med Case Rep J 2018 25;11:145-150. Epub 2018 Jun 25.

Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan,

Purpose: This study aimed to demonstrate the clinical usefulness of measuring the macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) for the early detection of axonal loss in eyes with bilateral retrobulbar optic neuropathies.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of three patients with bilateral toxic, ischemic, or infiltrative retrobulbar optic neuropathy.

Results: No relative afferent pupillary defect was detected in any patients. Read More

Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2018 Jul-Aug;7(4):218-228. Epub 2018 Jul 2.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.

The etiologies of optic neuropathy include inflammation, ischemia, toxic and metabolic injury, genetic disease, and trauma. There is little controversy over the practice of using steroids in the treatment of optic neuritis--it is well established that intravenous steroid treatment can speed visual recovery but does not alter final visual function. However, there is controversy surrounding the acceptable routes of administration, dosage, and course of treatment. Read More

J Hematol Oncol 2018 Jun 28;11(1):87. Epub 2018 Jun 28.

Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Background: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive and incurable lymphoma. Standard of care for younger patients with MCL is induction chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-HCT). Rituximab maintenance after auto-HCT has been shown to improve progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in MCL. Read More

Scand J Pain 2011 Oct 1;2(4):178-184. Epub 2011 Oct 1.

Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.

Introduction The pathophysiologic and neurochemical characteristics of neuropathic pain must be considered in the search for new treatment targets. Breakthroughs in the understanding of the structural and biochemical changes in neuropathy have opened up possibilities to explore new treatment paradigms. However, long term sequels from the damage are still difficult to treat. Read More

BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2018 06 5;19(1):28. Epub 2018 Jun 5.

Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality; because of this it continues to be a major global public health concern. It has believed to kill more than 34 million lives so far. Sub Saharan Africa constitutes about 70% of people living with HIV among the 37 million on the globe. Read More

Int J Ophthalmol 2018 18;11(5):780-785. Epub 2018 May 18.

Department of Pharmacology, Erzincan University Hospital, College of Medicine, Erzincan 24100, Turkey.

Aim: To determine the effects of Rutin on methanol induced optic neuropathy and compare the results with the effects of ethanol.

Methods: Totally 30 rats were divided into 5 groups, with 6 rats in each group as follows: healthy controls (C), methotrexate (MTX), methotrexate+methanol (MTM), methotrexate+methanol+ethanol (MTME) and methotrexate+ methanol+Rutin (MTMR). In all rabbits except those of the control group, MTX, diluted in sterile serum physiologic, 0. Read More

Am J Emerg Med 2018 Sep 24;36(9):1717.e1-1717.e2. Epub 2018 May 24.

Beth Israel, United States. Electronic address:

A 24-year-old female, otherwise healthy, presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with difficulty walking and bilateral leg pain. The patient was a recreational nitrous oxide (NO) user, also known as "whippets" or simply nitrous. Neurologic examination demonstrated an unsteady gait and positive Romberg sign along with normal deep tendon reflexes and normal muscle strength in upper and lower extremities. Read More