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Nervenarzt 2021 May 3. Epub 2021 May 3.

Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich.

Background: Even though treatment guidelines recommend botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) as first line treatment for primary cervical dystonia (CD), there are only limited data on how BoNT-A-injections are administered in routine clinical practice.

Objective: This subgroup analysis evaluated patient satisfaction and symptom control under consideration of BoNT‑A treatment modalities in German and Austrian CD patients (DE/AT, n = 79) compared to the full international cohort (n = 995).

Material And Methods: The INTEREST-IN-CD2 was a prospective, multicenter, longitudinal observational study. Read More

Children (Basel) 2021 Apr 23;8(5). Epub 2021 Apr 23.

Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Inflammatory nontraumatic atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation (AAS) in children is an often-missed diagnosis, especially in the early stages of disease. Abscess formation and spinal cord compression are serious risks that call for immediate surgical attention. Neither radiographs nor non-enhanced computed tomography (CT) images sufficiently indicate inflammatory processes. Read More

Pediatr Rep 2021 Apr 12;13(2):197-202. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA.

Torticollis is a clinical diagnosis with heterogeneous causes. We present an unusual case of acquired torticollis in an 8-month-old female infant with a large cerebellopontine angle arachnoid cyst. Symptoms resolved after surgical fenestration. Read More

Tzu Chi Med J 2021 Apr-Jun;33(2):175-180. Epub 2020 Oct 15.

Department of Medicine, INHS Kalyani, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Objectives: Craniovertebral junction (CVJ) abnormalities constitute a group of treatable neurological disorders, especially in the Indian subcontinent. Thus, it is essential that clinicians should be able to make a precise diagnosis of abnormalities and rule out important mimickers on multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) as this information ultimately helps determine the management, prognosis, and quality of life of patients. CVJ is the most complex part of the cervical region. Read More

Front Neurol 2021 8;12:660909. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.

Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal postures, repetitive movements, or both. Research in dystonia has been challenged by several factors. First, dystonia is uncommon. Read More

Malays Orthop J 2021 Mar;15(1):43-47

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.

Introduction: Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT), primarily resulting from unilateral shortening and fibrosis of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. One of the common surgical complications is recurrent deformity. However, the associations between unipolar or bipolar release, age of the patient, and the recurrence of the disease are unclear. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Apr;100(16):e25588

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.

Rationale: A case of traumatic atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation (AARS), dens fracture, rupture of transverse atlantal ligament (TAL), and subaxial spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA) of Brown-Sequard syndrome has never been reported in a child.

Patient Concerns: A 7-year-old boy presented to hospital with torticollis, neck pain, and limited neck rotation after a seat-belt injury sustained during a car accident. Neurologic examination revealed right-side motor weakness and left-side sensory abnormality, known as Brown-Sequard syndrome. Read More

BMC Anesthesiol 2021 Apr 19;21(1):121. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China.

Background: Orthopedic surgery for cervical torticollis poses potential threat to airway management both in tracheal intubation and extubation. Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) is a complex syndrome of osseous and visceral anomalies. The anatomical characteristics of KFS might have significant implications for airway management. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 04 14;4:CD004312. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.

Background: This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2005. Cervical dystonia is the most common form of focal dystonia and is a highly disabling movement disorder, characterised by involuntary, usually painful, head posturing. Currently, botulinum toxin type A (BtA) is considered the first line therapy for this condition. Read More

J Craniovertebr Junction Spine 2021 Jan-Mar;12(1):95-98. Epub 2021 Mar 4.

Department of Neurosurgery, K.E.M. Hospital and Seth G.S. Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

We present a report of two patients having the association of omovertebra, Sprengel's deformity of the shoulder and Klippel-Feil abnormality with craniovertebral junctional instability. Our literature survey did not locate any report of such association. Significance of bone alterations is analyzed. Read More

World Neurosurg 2021 Apr 24. Epub 2021 Apr 24.

Department of Neurosurgery, K.E.M. Hospital and Seth G.S. Medical College, Parel, Mumbai, India.

Objective: The potential significance of relationship of atlantoaxial instability with retro-odontoid pseudotumor, pannus, and/or cyst (RPC) is analyzed.

Methods: We searched the database of patients with craniovertebral junction-related instability treated by atlantoaxial fixation from January 2000 to March 2020. We identified 63 patients in whom there was an RPC in the region posterior to the odontoid process or posterior to the posterior aspect of the C2 body. Read More

Neurol Neurochir Pol 2021 6;55(2):125-132. Epub 2021 Apr 6.

Parkinson-Klinik Ortenau, Wolfach, Germany, Germany.

Cervical dystonia (CD) usually presents a complex pattern of head/neck movements accompanied by tremor, myoclonic jerks and a wide spectrum of non-motor disturbances such as pain, depression, anxiety, and sleep problems. This is the most challenging indication for botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) treatment. It can offer significant improvement, but it can be difficult after the first injection. Read More

Mov Disord Clin Pract 2021 Apr 29;8(3):480-482. Epub 2021 Jan 29.

Department of Neurology Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre Bangalore India.

Mov Disord Clin Pract 2021 Apr 26;8(3):406-411. Epub 2021 Feb 26.

Clinical Neurosciences University of Turku Turku Finland.

Background: Deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus interna (GPi-DBS) is a highly efficacious treatment for cervical dystonia. Typically, the treatment response is delayed, appearing and increasing even months after implantation. However, it is not known how fast the symptoms reappear and whether there is a long-term therapeutic effect after the stimulation is discontinued. Read More

Mov Disord Clin Pract 2021 Apr 12;8(3):377-384. Epub 2021 Feb 12.

Department of Clinical and Movements Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom.

Background: Neurophysiological markers in dystonia have so far not been sistematically applied in clinical practice due to limited reproducibility of results and low correlations with clinical findings. Exceptions might be represented by the blink reflex (BR), including its recovery cycle (BRRC) and the trigemino-cervical reflex (TCR) which, compared to other neurophysiological methods, have shown more consistent alterations in cervical dystonia (CD). However, a comparison between the two techniques, and their possible correlation with disease symptoms, have not been thoroughly investigated. Read More

Cureus 2021 Feb 27;13(2):e13589. Epub 2021 Feb 27.

Department of Pediatrics, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur, IND.

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, febrile systemic vasculitis of early childhood. A small group of KD patients does not meet the classical presentation of KD, termed incomplete KD. Incomplete or atypical KD patients are usually infants and older children. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2021 May 28;144:110694. Epub 2021 Mar 28.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinanmyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland. Electronic address:

Purpose: Pediatric deep neck space infection (DNI) is a relatively rare but potentially life-threatening condition and requires prompt and accurate management. This study retrospectively reviews our experience in a tertiary referral hospital from 2004 to 2019.

Methods: Systematic data collection from medical records using ICD10 codes between 2004 and 2019. Read More

Neurol Neurochir Pol 2021 2;55(2):141-157. Epub 2021 Apr 2.

9. Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Kraków University, ul. Gustawa Herlinga Grudzińskiego 1, 30-705 Kraków, Poland.

The growing number of Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) preparations on the market has resulted in a search for pharmacological, clinical and pharmacoeconomic differences. Patients are occasionally switched from one botulinum toxin formulation to another. The aim of this paper was to review studies that have made direct comparisons of the three major BoNT/A preparations presently on the market: ona-, abo- and incobotulinumtoxinA. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2020 23;37:370. Epub 2020 Dec 23.

Service ORL et Chirurgie Cervicofaciale, CHU Bogodogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Fibratosis colli, or infantile pseudotumor of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, is a rare cause of benign cervical mass in newborns and infants. This study involved all patients admitted with cervical swelling and diagnosed with colli fibromatosis from March 2016 to February 2020. Five patients were retained. Read More

J Fr Ophtalmol 2021 Mar 25. Epub 2021 Mar 25.

Service d'ophtalmologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Régional de Bretonneau, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France.

Background: Abducens nerve palsy (ANP) is the most common oculomotor palsy. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of medial rectus recession with lateral rectus plication in patients with unilateral acquired ANP and to describe the etiologies of this condition.

Methods: Thirty-one patients were included in this retrospective single-center study conducted between 2000 and 2019 at the university research hospital in Tours. Read More

Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2021 Jan-Mar;11(1):25-38. Epub 2020 Dec 2.

Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disorder of unknown etiology that results in isolated raised intracranial pressure. Classic symptoms and signs of IIH include headache, papilledema, diplopia from sixth nerve palsy and divergence insufficiency, and pulsatile tinnitus. Atypical presentations include: (1) highly asymmetric or even unilateral papilledema, and IIH without papilledema; (2) ocular motor disturbances from third nerve palsy, fourth nerve palsy, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, diffuse ophthalmoplegia, and skew deviation; (3) olfactory dysfunction; (4) trigeminal nerve dysfunction; (5) facial nerve dysfunction; (6) hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction; (7) lower cranial nerve dysfunction including deviated uvula, torticollis, and tongue weakness; (8) spontaneous skull base cerebrospinal fluid leak; and (9) seizures. Read More

Case Rep Orthop 2021 3;2021:6683268. Epub 2021 Mar 3.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo, 113-8655, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation (AARF) resulting from drug-induced cervical dystonia (DICD) represents an extremely rare complication of antipsychotic treatment, requiring a comprehensive assessment of pharmacologic therapy and timely radiologic workup. We report a chronic case of Fielding type I, Pang type I AARF secondary to schizophrenia treatment in a 16-year-old girl, along with a review of the literature on the management challenges posed in this condition. In this scenario, torticollis may just represent the tip of the iceberg, and only an effective multidisciplinary approach increases the chances of satisfactory correction with closed reduction, hence avoiding the burden of more invasive treatment options. Read More

Turk Neurosurg 2020 Sep 1. Epub 2020 Sep 1.

Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine.

Aim: Torticollis can originate from a wide variety of different disorders.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the underlying conditions in children with torticollis.

Material And Methods: Between May 2016 and December 2019, 24 patients (10 girls and 14 boys; mean age, 8 years) presenting with twisted neck, neck pain, weakness of extremities, imbalance, and gait disorder were evaluated retrospectively. Read More

Infect Genet Evol 2021 Mar 13;91:104809. Epub 2021 Mar 13.

California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California, West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Electronic address:

Eurasian collared doves (Streptopelia decaocto) were introduced into Florida in the 1980s and have since established populations throughout the continental United States. Pigeon paramyxovirus-1 (PPMV-1), a species-adapted genotype VI Avian orthoavulavirus 1, has caused periodic outbreaks among collared doves in the U.S. Read More

J AAPOS 2021 Mar 11. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address:

Background: Prior studies comparing ophthalmic outcomes after treating unicoronal synostosis (UCS) by early endoscopic strip craniectomy (ESC) versus later fronto-orbital advancement (FOA) are modest in sample size, or lack consistent age adjustment. We report long-term, age-adjusted ophthalmic outcomes for a large cohort after nonrandomized treatment by one of these two options.

Methods: The following data was retrieved from a retrospective review of the medical records of patients with treated UCS born since 2000: cycloplegic refractions, sensorimotor examinations, and strabismus procedures before craniofacial repair and postoperatively at approximately 18 and 60 months of age. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2021 Apr 15;16(4):964-967. Epub 2021 Feb 15.

Department of Radiology, Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond St, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK.

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) pseudotumors, also known as fibromatosis colli or congenital torticollis, are painless benign neck lumps found in newborns. Whilst unilateral cases are relatively common, bilateral SCM pseudotumors are a rare phenomenon with only a handful of cases reported internationally. We present the case of a 5-week-old infant who was brought to the emergency department with painless, bilateral, palpable anterior neck masses following a slightly traumatic but otherwise uncomplicated spontaneous delivery. Read More

Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021 Jun 1;125:221-230. Epub 2021 Mar 1.

Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. Electronic address:

Adult onset idiopathic dystonia (AOID) is the third most common movement disorder in adults. Co-existing depressive symptoms and disorders represent major contributors of disability and quality of life in these patients, but their prevalence remains unclear. We investigated the point prevalence of supra-clinical threshold depressive symptoms/depressive disorders in AOID in a systematic review with qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis. Read More

Front Neurol 2021 9;12:636590. Epub 2021 Feb 9.

Department of Neurology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.

This study investigated the clinical long-term effect of incobotulinumtoxinA (incoBoNT/A) in 33 cervical dystonia (CD) patients who had developed partial secondary therapy failure (PSTF) under previous long-term botulinum toxin (BoNT) treatment. Patients were treated four times every 12 weeks with incoBoNT/A injections. Physicians assessed treatment efficacy using the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) at the baseline visit, week 12 and 48. Read More

Ital J Pediatr 2021 Feb 25;47(1):41. Epub 2021 Feb 25.

Departamento de Fisiatría y Enfermería, Unidad de Investigación en Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Domingo Miral, s/n, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.

Background: Positional plagiocephaly (PP) is a cranial deformation frequent amongst children and consisting in a flattened and asymmetrical head shape. PP is associated with excessive time in supine and with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT). Few studies have evaluated the efficiency of a manual therapy approach in PP. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2021 Feb 24;21(1):102. Epub 2021 Feb 24.

Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.

Background: To observe the characteristics of binocular integration and stereopsis in children with television torticollis.

Methods: A retrospective study was carried out, where data were collected from 25 children with television torticollis as the disease group after refractive error correction and 25 normal children as the control group. A virtual reality system was used to assess and analyze the characteristics of binocular integration by a contrast balance test and binocular stereopsis. Read More