Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

J Pediatr Orthop 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Shriners Hospitals for Children Salt Lake City.

Background: Hip dysplasia, congenital muscular torticollis, plagiocephaly, and metatarsus adductus are known to be associated. The etiology of infantile idiopathic scoliosis and its association with the aforementioned conditions is unknown. This study reviews a series of infantile scoliosis patients to address this gap. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2019 Apr 10. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

Prosthetics-Orthotics Program, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.

Infants with deformational plagiocephaly may be indicated for a cranial remolding orthosis (CRO) depending on the severity of deformation. Studies have found torticollis and prematurity to be risk factors for the development of deformational plagiocephaly and indicate younger infants have faster and greater correction. However, clinical decisions about which infants should be recommended for CRO treatment differ among healthcare providers and insurance coverage criteria vary. Read More

Cephalalgia 2019 Apr 13:333102419844542. Epub 2019 Apr 13.

1 Headache Center, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

Background And Aim: Episodic syndromes that may be associated with migraine are a group of disorders affecting patients with migraine or with an increased risk of presenting it, and likely represent an early life expression of migraine. Cyclic vomiting syndrome and benign paroxysmal torticollis are well characterized and represent a frequent cause of request for specialist consultations. The aim of this study is to longitudinally assess the rate of headache in patients presenting with cyclic vomiting syndrome and benign paroxysmal torticollis during infancy, and to define the main clinical features of the disorder. Read More

J Pediatr Orthop 2019 May/Jun;39(5):226-231

Department of Rehabilitation, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea.

Aim: To compare clinical findings for patients with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) between those with and without a sternocleidomastoid (SCM) lesion.

Methods: Medical records of 182 patients with CMT were retrospectively reviewed and the patients were divided into SCM lesion and nonlesion groups by ultrasonographic results. Intrauterine position, age, duration of therapy, rotation/tilting side, and the passive range of motion and angle of the neck were compared. Read More

J Child Neurol 2019 Apr 7:883073819834430. Epub 2019 Apr 7.

1 Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Background: Cerebral hemispherectomy is typically used to treat patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Visual-related outcomes are relatively unstudied in this population, aside from the knowledge that patients develop a complete homonymous hemianopia contralateral to the side of the hemispherectomy. The purpose of this study was to determine and characterize parent-reported functional visual, oculomotor, and postural changes in a large population of patients following cerebral hemispherectomy. Read More

Asian J Neurosurg 2019 Jan-Mar;14(1):193-200

Department of Neurosurgery, San Salvatore City Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy.

Background: Microscopic microvascular decompression (MVD) has a low but not negligible failure rate due to some missed conflicts, especially in case of multiple offending vessels. The reported study is aimed to assess the principles, methodology, technical notes, and effectiveness of the endoscope-assisted (EA) MVD for neurovascular compression syndromes (NVCS) in the posterior fossa.

Materials And Methods: A series of 43 patients suffering from an NVCS and undergone to an EA MVD were retrospectively reviewed. Read More

Vet World 2019 Jan 21;12(1):112-118. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, Sub Sahara Africa.

Aims: This study aimed to assess the level of awareness of rural poultry farmers on vaccination and to detect Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antibody in local birds (LB) and eggs in Kwara State, Nigeria.

Materials And Methods: Data on farmers' attitude, knowledge, practices, and experiences on ND mortality were obtained through an interview using a structured cross-sectional checklist. NDV antibodies were detected in sera and egg yolks of local chickens (LC) and guinea fowls (GF) using hemagglutination inhibition test. Read More

Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2019 May 4;180:57-60. Epub 2019 Mar 4.

Department of Neurological Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Electronic address:

Objective: Although not life threatening, spasmodic torticollis (ST) impairs patients' daily activity, socialization and work. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life (QOL) and mental health in patients with ST after microvascular decompression (MVD).

Patients And Methods: From June 2014 to June 2017, patients with ST who underwent MVD in our department were included in this study. Read More

Rev Neurosci 2019 Mar 27. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Chair and Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.

Pain is the most common and disabling non-motor symptom in cervical dystonia (CD). Up to 88.9% of patients report pain at some point in the course of the disease. Read More

Pediatr Phys Ther 2019 04;31(2):148

Cindy Miles & Associates Whitehall, Pennsylvania.

Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019 Feb 16. Epub 2019 Feb 16.

Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address:

In isolated, sporadic dystonia, it has been occasionally reported that some patients might undergo symptom remission. However, the exact clinical characteristics of patients with remission remain understudied. Given the important prognostic and pathophysiological implications of dystonic remission, we here provide a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis to assess demographic and clinical features associated with this phenomenon. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Mar;98(11):e14794

Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen.

Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is a common musculoskeletal abnormality in children, which has been characterized by unclarified pathological changes in the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) and various hypothetical etiologies. There are 2 main hypothetical etiologies for CMT in the literature: 1 infers that CMT may represent the sequela of an intrauterine or perinatal compartment syndrome, and the other regard CMT as a maldevelopment of the fetal SCM.To better understand the etiopathogenesis of CMT, we screened the necks of 1-day-old newborns that may potentially have CMT for evidence of SCM trauma or tumor. Read More

BMC Complement Altern Med 2019 Mar 13;19(1):60. Epub 2019 Mar 13.

Parker University, 2540 Walnut Hill Lane, Dallas, TX, 75229, USA.

Background: This systematic review evaluates the use of manual therapy for clinical conditions in the pediatric population, assesses the methodological quality of the studies found, and synthesizes findings based on health condition. We also assessed the reporting of adverse events within the included studies and compared our conclusions to those of the UK Update report.

Methods: Six databases were searched using the following inclusion criteria: children under the age of 18 years old; treatment using manual therapy; any type of healthcare profession; published between 2001 and March 31, 2018; and English. Read More

Pediatr Phys Ther 2019 04;31(2):142-147

Therapy Services, Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital for Rehabilitation, and Quantitative Health Sciences Department, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.

Purpose: Although pediatric physical therapists may evaluate and treat infants with both congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) and gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD), a literature review found only 1 article suggesting a connection between these diagnoses. This study investigates a correlation between CMT and GERD.

Methods: A retrospective chart review spanning 5 years including 2519 infants younger than 12 months examined the correlation between CMT, GERD, and other comorbidities including developmental dysplasia of the hip, oligohydramnios, multiparity, and breech positioning. Read More

Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019 Feb 12;6(2):397-400. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Department of Paediatrics B.C. Children's Hospital and The University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada.

A 17-month-old boy from Vancouver, Canada, presented with a 5-day history of progressive somnolence, ataxia, and torticollis. Additional investigations revealed eosinophilic encephalitis with deep white matter changes on MR imaging. On day 13, serology came back positive for antibodies. Read More

J Chiropr Med 2018 Dec 25;17(4):289-297. Epub 2019 Feb 25.

Department of Chiropractic Medicine, Medical Faculty University, Zurich, Switzerland.

Objective: The purpose of this report is to describe the manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) treatment of 6 infants with newborn torticollis with a segmental dysfunction at C1/C2.

Clinical Features: Six infants aged 4 1/2 to 15 months previously diagnosed with newborn torticollis were referred to a doctor of chiropractic owing to a failure to respond adequately to previous conservative therapies. Common physical findings were limited range of motion of the upper cervical spine. Read More

J Pediatr Orthop B 2019 Mar 4. Epub 2019 Mar 4.

Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK.

Breech, family history, first born and female sex are the main risk factors described for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Foot abnormalities and oligohydramnios have also been listed. Recent studies have discredited torticollis, multiple gestation pregnancy, mode of delivery and prematurity as risk factors. Read More

Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019 Feb 25. Epub 2019 Feb 25.

Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Physical therapy (PT) for cervical dystonia is not well studied, and the underlying physiological effects are not known.

Methods: We enrolled 26 subjects comprising of 16 cervical dystonia and 10 healthy controls for normative physiological data. We randomized cervical dystonia patients who reported suboptimal benefits on botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections to BoNT alone (BoNT arm) or BoNT plus PT (PT-BoNT arm). Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Feb 21. Epub 2019 Feb 21.

Neurosurgery, Pediatric Hospital Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, Largo Gaslini Gerolamo, 5, 16147, Genova, Italy.

Background: Non-traumatic atlanto-axial subluxation, also known as Grisel syndrome, is a rare disease that usually affects children. The typical presentation is torticollis in patients with history of surgical operations or airway infections.

Material And Methods: We describe 5 cases of Grisel syndrome, referring to medical care for a torticollis, few weeks after an airway infection, with no trauma associated. Read More

Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2019 Feb 20. Epub 2019 Feb 20.

Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address:

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a specialized physical therapy (SPT) program on disability in cervical dystonia (CD) compared to regular physical therapy (RPT).

Design: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial.

Setting: This study was performed by a physical therapist in a primary health care setting. Read More

Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2019 Feb 19. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany.

Background: Atlanto-axial rotatory fixation (AARF) is an uncommon condition in children presenting with torticollis. Many studies have elaborated on the diagnostic sequence of AARF. However, there is no consensus for the algorithm of management of AARF. Read More

Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2019 4;9:596. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, BR.

Background: Idiopathic focal dystonia is a motor syndrome associated with dysfunction of basal ganglia circuits. Observations have suggested that many other non-motor symptoms may also be part of the clinical picture. The aim was to assess the prevalence and correlation of non-motor symptoms in patients with common idiopathic focal or segmental dystonia. Read More

J Craniovertebr Junction Spine 2018 Oct-Dec;9(4):280-282

Department of Neurosurgery, Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, India.

Transoral odontoidectomy followed by occipitocervical fixation is a widely used approach to relieve ventral compressions at the craniovertebral junction. Despite the large amount of literature on this approach and its complications, odontoid process regeneration and causing the worsening of symptoms of brainstem dysfunction and upper cervical cord were not found in the English literature. We report the case of odontoid regeneration in a 12-year-old girl. Read More

Eur J Pediatr 2019 May 18;178(5):657-671. Epub 2019 Feb 18.

Department of Physiotherapy, Trinity College, Dublin University, Dublin 2, Ireland.

The aim of this study was to systematically review the measurement properties of instruments which assess cervical spine function in infants with torticollis. Electronic searches were performed in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library, combining three constructs ('torticollis', 'cervical spine assessment' and 'measurement properties'). Two reviewers independently rated the methodological quality and the quality of measurement properties of identified articles, using both the COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments) checklist and quality criteria for measurement properties. Read More

J Neurol Sci 2019 Apr 10;399:44-50. Epub 2019 Feb 10.

Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

AbobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNT-A; Dysport®) is an effective treatment for cervical dystonia (CD) with a well-established safety profile. In this prospective, multicentre, non-interventional study (NCT01840462) the primary objective was effectiveness (Tsui score) of aboBoNT-A in botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) treatment-naïve and previously-treated (>2 yrs) patients after two injection cycles (at visit 3). Secondary objectives included the effectiveness of aboBoNT-A overall visits and quality of life (CDQ-24) in different CD subtypes. Read More

Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Although accurate targeting of the causative muscles is of paramount importance in the treatment of focal dystonia, this is often challenging due to distortion of the affected anatomical structures and difficulty in proper positioning of injections. We report a case of idiopathic cervical dystonia that was treated by CT-guided injection of botulinum toxin (BTX) into multiple deep muscles.Based on clinical presentation of combined torticollis and retrocollis, and needle electromyography (EMG) results, BTX was injected under EMG guidance. Read More

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018 Nov 22;47(11):1365-1372. Epub 2018 Jun 22.

Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA.

Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) is characterized by an underdevelopment of the facial structures arising from the first and second branchial arches, but extracraniofacial anomalies such as vertebral anomalies may be present. This retrospective study was performed to determine the prevalence and types of vertebral anomalies and the association with other extracraniofacial anomalies in patients with CFM. The charts of all patients diagnosed with CFM seen in four craniofacial centres were reviewed for the presence of vertebral anomalies, symptoms, extracraniofacial anomalies, and the OMENS classification including the Pruzansky-Kaban type of mandibular deformity. Read More

J Fr Ophtalmol 2019 Feb 31;42(2):189-197. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Secteur Nord Marseille, chemin des Bourrély, 13015 Marseille, France.

Brown's syndrome is related to an abnormality of the superior oblique muscle: it is manifested by an oculomotor disorder with active and passive limitation of elevation in adduction, the field of action of the inferior oblique muscle. The origin is congenital or acquired secondary to multiple causes - inflammatory-infectious, traumatic or iatrogenic. The clinical and paraclinical signs are suggestive. Read More

Biomed J 2018 12 4;41(6):369-375. Epub 2019 Jan 4.

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Chiayi, Taiwan.

Background: An abnormal sternocleidomastoid muscle in congenital muscular torticollis can be classified into one of the four types via sonography. However, this categorization lacks quantitative measurements. The purpose of the study was to determine quantitative measurements of the sonograms via image analysis. Read More

Childs Nerv Syst 2019 Jan 30. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

National Brain Aneurysm & Tumor Center, United Hospital, 3033 Excelsior Boulevard, Suite 495, Minneapolis, MN, 55416, USA.

Spasmodic torticollis is a rare, neurologic disorder that is caused by abnormal nerve compression of the 11th cranial nerve by blood vessels or bony protrusions. It is typically treated pharmacologically and, if necessary, with surgical intervention. We report a unique case of spasmodic torticollis in a 15-year-old female that involved abnormal compression of the left 11th cranial nerve (CN) by the left vertebral artery, displaced by a hypertrophic left occipital condyle. Read More

Open Access Emerg Med 2019 15;11:39-42. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

McGill Scoliosis and Spine Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada,

Background: Traumatic atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation (AARS) in an adult is a rare condition, which if left untreated can be fatal. In addition to this, many symptoms experienced such as neck pain and stiffness are non-specific which often leads to misdiagnosis, thus delaying definitive treatment. AARS can be divided into traumatic and non-traumatic causes with the latter generally encompassing congenital cervical spine abnormalities. Read More

Pediatr Neurosurg 2019 23;54(1):46-50. Epub 2019 Jan 23.

Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.

Osteoblastomas and aneurysmal bone cysts are uncommon benign tumors of the spine. Their presentation can vary between diffuse pain, restriction of neck movements, torticollis, radiculopathy, and myelopathy. Complete excision is the best treatment to achieve a cure, but recurrence is not uncommon. Read More

Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2018 Sep;38(9):985-8

Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.

Professor ' clinical experience in the treatment of primary cervical dystonia based on the syndrome differentiation of TCM was explored preliminarily. Based on the disease identification of western medicine and the syndrome differentiation of TCM, in combination with the differentiations of meridians and collaterals of acupuncture, Professor proposes the three-dimensional system of diagnosis and treatment of acupuncture, named "disease differentiation, TCM syndrome differentiation and meridian differentiation". Regarding the diagnosis and treatment of primary cervical dystonia, the physical examination of nerve system, TCM syndrome differentiation and meridian differentiation are equally important. Read More

J Ultrasound Med 2019 Jan 21. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Department of Medical Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.

Objectives: To investigate the feasibility of using 2-dimensional ultrasound (US) and shear wave elastography (SWE) to evaluate infants with late-referral congenital muscular torticollis (CMT).

Methods: A total of 46 infants with late-referral CMT were enrolled and divided into 4 groups according to the degree of the passive range of motion (PROM) deficit in neck rotation. We introduced 6 metrics to represent the US features of the sternocleidomastoid muscle detected by 2-dimensional US and SWE studies. Read More

Pediatr Phys Ther 2019 04;31(2):E8-E15

Therapy Services (Ms Thompson), Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital for Rehabilitation, Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio; Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Sciences (Dr Kaplan), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey.

Purpose: This case describes the first episode of care, using conservative treatment, massage, and frequency-specific microcurrent (FSM), for a 19-month-old boy with grade 8 left congenital muscular torticollis with fibrotic nodules.

Methods: Ten weeks of physical therapy provided stretching, strengthening, massage, and parent education, adding FSM in weeks 3 to 10 for this patient.

Results: Full passive cervical rotation and lateral flexion, 4/5 lateral cervical flexion strength, improved head tilt, and inability to palpate fibrotic nodules were achieved by week 8, with partial home program adherence. Read More

Ann Emerg Med 2019 Feb;73(2):e11-e12

Department of Emergency Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell Health, Staten Island, NY.

Neurol Sci 2019 Apr 18;40(4):725-731. Epub 2019 Jan 18.

Medical Faculty, Department of Biostatistics, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.

Objective: In this study, quality of life and psychiatric comorbid disorders were investigated in patients with cervical dystonia and their spouses and we also investigated the effect of botulinum toxin (BTX) treatment on these parameters.

Material And Method: Thirty patients with cervical dystonia (CD) on BTX treatment and their spouses (n = 30) were included. Beck Depression Scale (BDS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory I and II (STAI-I, STAI-II), Hospital Anxiety Scale (HAS), Hospital Depression Scale (HDS) for psychiatric comorbid disease assessment, Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Scale (TWSTRS) for disease activity assessment, and Craniocervical Dystonia Questionnaire (CDQ-24), Cervical Dystonia Impact Profile (CDIP-58), and Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaires for quality of life assessment were used. Read More

IDCases 2019 16;15:e00470. Epub 2018 Nov 16.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Pediatric's Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Non-traumatic subluxation of atlanto-axial joint known as Grisel's syndrome is a rare condition. The pathogenesis of Grisel syndrome in not clear but it seems laxity of cervical ligaments in children and an inflammatory process in neck might cause the syndrome. Here we present a case of Grisel's syndrome, a 9 -year- old boy presented with torticollis and discuss about clinical radiological and treatment aspects of the syndrome. Read More

Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2019 01 19;138(1). Epub 2018 Dec 19.

Background: Professionals in fields including chiropractic, physiotherapy, manual therapy and osteopathy recommend manipulation techniques for the treatment of infant torticollis. This article summarises the research evaluating such treatment.

Material And Method: The article is based on a search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, AMED, PEDro, and the Index to Chiropractic Literature in August 2017. Read More

Mov Disord Clin Pract 2018 Nov-Dec;5(6):659-660. Epub 2018 Oct 9.

Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom.

A 38-year-old woman presented with cervical dystonia in the context of a recent surgery to remove a vestibular schwannoma. She initially presented to neurology with pain in the right arm, and MRI of the brain showed an incidental right-sided vestibular schwannoma (Video 1, Segment 1). An elective gamma-knife procedure was performed, which failed. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019 Jan 10;1:CD012405. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

Laboratório de Farmacologia Clínica e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa, Portugal, 1649-028.

Background: Dystonia is a painful and disabling disorder, characterised by painful, involuntary posturing of the affected body region(s). Deep brain stimulation is an intervention typically reserved for severe and drug-refractory cases, although uncertainty exists regarding its efficacy, safety, and tolerability.

Objectives: To compare the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of deep brain stimulation (DBS) versus placebo, sham intervention, or best medical care, including botulinum toxin and resective or lesional surgery, in adults with dystonia. Read More

Malawi Med J 2018 06;30(2):127-131

Consultant Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgeon; Dean of Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi.

Introduction: Grisel syndrome is a non-traumatic rotary subluxation of C1 on C2 (atlantoaxial subluxation). It is a rare condition predominantly described in paediatric population with previous history of upper respiratory infections orotolaryngeal procedures. The diagnosis is established by the association of clinical and radiologic findings4,6. Read More

Acta Neurochir Suppl 2019;125:279-288

, New York, USA.

Background: In children, when unresponsive neck rigidity and distress are observed after ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgical treatment or nasopharyngeal inflammation, Grisel's syndrome should be suspected. This is a rare syndrome involving non-traumatic rotatory subluxation of the atlantoaxial joint. Conservative management with external cervical orthoses and empirical antibiotic, muscle relaxant and analgesic therapy should be the first choice of treatment. Read More

Pediatr Phys Ther 2019 01;31(1):E1-E5

Mary Free Bed Rehabilitation Hospital (Dr Huegel), Grand Rapids, Michigan; Department of Physical Therapy (Dr Kenyon), Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Purpose: This case report illustrates application of the Clinical Practice Guideline for Congenital Muscular Torticollis in a pediatric outpatient facility.

Descriptions: The infant was a 2-month-old baby presenting with congenital muscular torticollis. Application of each of the 16 action statements outlined in the Clinical Practice Guideline is detailed as related to the case. Read More

Tijdschr Psychiatr 2018;60(12):843-847

Acute dystonia is a side-effect associated with the use of antipsychotics. We describe the case of a 75-year-old patient with late-onset schizophrenia who used clozapine. During a hospital admission due to pneumonia, she developed a form of acute dystonia consisting of a rotational torticollis, which disappeared rapidly after treatment with biperiden. Read More