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J Pediatr Rehabil Med 2020 May 15. Epub 2020 May 15.

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Eur J Pain 2020 May 18. Epub 2020 May 18.

Department of Neuropsychiatry, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil.

Background: Cervical dystonia is the most common form of focal idiopathic dystonia and is frequently associated with pain. Headaches are not considered to be more prevalent amongst patients presenting with cervical dystonia, and headaches attributed to craniocervical dystonia are considered to be a rare disorder, despite the lack of studies and clinical information regarding the subject.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and impact of headaches attributed to craniocervical dystonia in cervical dystonia patients receiving treatment with botulinum toxin type-A (BoT-A). Read More

AME Case Rep 2020 30;4. Epub 2020 Apr 30.

Faculty of Sciences, Lincoln University College, Kelantan, Malaysia.

Dystonia is a neurological disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions resulting in twisting, repetitive movements or painful postures. Cervical dystonia (CD), an isolated dystonia of the cervical musculature, can predispose the atlantoaxial joint to unstable changes. Symptomatic treatment of dystonia through local injections of botulinum toxin clearly reduces pain in most clinical settings. Read More

Acta Med Port 2020 May 4;33(5):344-346. Epub 2020 May 4.

Serviço de Ginecologia/Obstetrícia. Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos. Hospital Pedro Hispano. Matosinhos. Portugal.

Skull fractures are rare in newborns and normally caused by maternal abdominal trauma or complicated deliveries. However, in rare cases, these fractures are found in neonates born after an uneventful pregnancy and delivery. We report a case of a primigravida who underwent cesarean delivery due to failure of descent and malpositioning of the fetal head. Read More

Nucl Med Commun 2020 May 8. Epub 2020 May 8.

Department of Neurology.

Introduction: The key point for botulinum toxin type A injection in treating cervical dystonia is to accurately identify dystonic muscles. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of technetium-sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography in identifying target muscles in cervical dystonia.

Methods: In the study group (n = 18), target muscles were selected according to clinical evaluation combined with technetium-sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography, while in the control group (n = 18), target muscles were selected by clinical evaluation alone. Read More

Arch Craniofac Surg 2020 Apr 20;21(2):80-86. Epub 2020 Apr 20.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Positional plagiocephaly is increasing in infants. Positional plagiocephaly is an asymmetric deformation of skull due to various reasons; first birth, assisted labor, multiple pregnancy, prematurity, congenital muscular torticollis and position of head. Positional plagiocephaly can mostly be diagnosed clinically and by physical examinations. Read More

Complement Ther Clin Pract 2020 May 1;39:101112. Epub 2020 Feb 1.

School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address:

Background And Purpose: Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is a musculoskeletal condition occurring in infants and children. This systematic review is conducted to summarize the current evidence on the effects and safety of TCM massage therapy for the treatment of CMT in infants and children.

Methods: We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs on TCM massage for CMT in PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, AMED, PsycINFO, Ovid MEDLINE, TCMLARS, ICTRP, CSTJ, CNKI, Wanfang Data, CBM, Taiwan Electronic Periodical Services, and the Index to Taiwan Periodical Literature System. Read More

Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 2020 May;162(5):319-323

Tierspital Bern, Kleintierklinik.

Introduction: The case report describes an atrial dissociation in a 9-year-old male boxer diagnosed by ECG and echocardiography. Torticollis, severe neck pain and auscultatory arrhythmia were found during the clinical examination. In addition, a mass was found in the left tympanic bulla and histologically a carcinoma of the middle ear was diagnosed. Read More

J Pediatr Genet 2020 Jun 21;9(2):121-124. Epub 2019 Oct 21.

Genetics Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Mutations in the ryanodine receptor-1 ( ) may cause disorders inherited in an autosomal dominant/recessive fashion. Sequencing of in an infant of Ashkenazi Jewish descent with severe hypotonia, dislocation of hip, torticollis and scoliosis, and paternal family history of autosomal dominant mild disease. The child was compound heterozygote for a missense variant c. Read More

Childs Nerv Syst 2020 Apr 14. Epub 2020 Apr 14.

Department of Neurosurgery, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy.

Background: Pediatric spinal epidural abscess is a major suppurative infection of the central nervous system. It is an extremely rare pathology carrying serious risk of permanent neurological sequelae if is not properly treated.

Methods And Results: All the pertinent literature was analyzed, focused on pediatric cases of spinal epidural abscess and its peculiar features. Read More

Neurol Clin 2020 05 2;38(2):325-348. Epub 2020 Mar 2.

Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Suite 6305 Woodruff Memorial Building, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Suite 6305 Woodruff Memorial Building, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Electronic address:

The dystonias are a large and heterogenous group of disorders characterized by excessive muscle contractions leading to abnormal postures and/or repetitive movements. Their clinical manifestations vary widely, and there are many potential causes. Despite the heterogeneity, helpful treatments are available for the vast majority of patients. Read More

J Clin Med 2020 Apr 5;9(4). Epub 2020 Apr 5.

Health Care Sciences, Prosthetics-Orthotics Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center,6011 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9091, USA.

This retrospective chart review focuses on determining the most effective time to begin cranial remolding orthosis (CRO) treatment for infants with asymmetrical brachycephaly. Subjects with asymmetrical brachycephaly started CRO treatment between 3 and 18 months of age. These infants had a cranial vault asymmetry index (CVAI) ≥ 3. Read More

Turk J Pediatr 2020 ;62(1):141-145

Department of Neurosurgery, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey.

Grisel`s syndrome is non-traumatic inflammatory subluxation of the atlantoaxial joints presenting clinically as torticollis, neck pain, and reduced neck mobility. Several pathogens have been implicated in its etiology. Early diagnosis and treatment are vital for Grisel`s syndrome to avoid serious neurological complications. Read More

Am J Med Genet A 2020 Apr 3. Epub 2020 Apr 3.

The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.

49,XXXXY is the rarest X and Y chromosomal variation, with an incidence of 1 in 80,000-100,000 live male births and has been associated with numerous musculoskeletal abnormalities. Data was collected from an international cohort of boys with 49,XXXXY over 10 years. Children were evaluated by a multidisciplinary team consisting of a pediatric orthopedist, a neurogeneticist, a neurodevelopmentalist, and two physical therapists. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 Apr;99(14):e19572

Department of Orthorpaedics, PLA Army Genertal Hospital, Beijing.

The outcomes of surgical treatment for congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) are poor in many cases, primarily from surgeon's fear of damage to important blood vessels in the carotid sheath. The current research aimed to establish a novel, safer and more effective surgical approach for the treatment of CMT based on the anatomic relationship between the fascial sheath of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the carotid sheath.A total of 12 formalin-fixed cadaveric specimens (including 9 males and 3 females with average age of 48. Read More

Neurol Neurochir Pol 2020 Mar 30. Epub 2020 Mar 30.

Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Anatomy. CHRU Besançon, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France Abstract.

The classification of abnormal posture and the assessment of the affected muscles in cervical dystonia (CD) have changed in recent years. To determine the frequency of injected muscles, we studied 306 patients with CD. The mean age was 55. Read More

Am J Med Genet A 2020 Mar 27. Epub 2020 Mar 27.

Division of Neurogenetics and Developmental Pediatrics, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.

This cross-sectional study examined the neurodevelopment of a large, prenatally diagnosed population of boys with 47,XXY; investigated the potentially positive effects of early hormonal therapy (EHT) on language, cognition, and motor in this population; and identified novel at risk biomarkers associated with 47,XXY. Two-hundred and seventy two evaluations were collected from 148 prenatally diagnosed boys with 47,XXY between 0 and 36 months and separated into one of three groups, depending on visit age: Y1 (0-12 months; n = 100), Y2 (13-24 months; n = 90), and Y3 (25-36 months; n = 82). Those who received EHT (administered by 12 months) were further separated (Y1, n = 37; Y2, n = 34; Y3, n = 30). Read More

Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2020 Apr;37(4):455-458

Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan 450018, China.

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics and genetic variants in a child with tyrosine hydroxylase-deficient infantile Parkinsonism with motor delay.

Methods: Clinical feature of the patient was summarized. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples taken from the child and her family members. Read More

Ophthalmologe 2020 Mar 26. Epub 2020 Mar 26.

Fachbereich Medizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Deutschland.

Background: The correction of anomalous head posture associated with infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS) is carried out by the Kestenbaum procedure (KP) combining bilateral horizontal yoke muscle recession with resection of their antagonists or by the Anderson procedure (AP) which is confined to yoke muscle recession alone.

Aim Of The Study: To compare the results of highly dosed AP and KP for anomalous head turn (HT).

Patients And Methods: The AP (2013-2019) and KP (2003-2013) were used as the exclusive procedures during the respective time periods. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2020 May 13;75:225-228. Epub 2020 Mar 13.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1, Shimoshizu, Sakura City, Chiba 285-8741, Japan. Electronic address:

Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation (AARF) in an adult without any trauma is an extremely rare condition. Here we report a case of surgical treatment for existing atlantoaxial rotatory fixation in an adult with spastic torticollis. A 50-year-old man had become aware of torticollis without any cause of injury 6 weeks before he visited our hospital, where he presented with a one-week history of severe neck pain. Read More

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020 Mar 22;72(1):123-127. Epub 2019 Nov 22.

Pediatric Surgery Unit, Ashish Hospital and Research Centre, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh 482001 India.

Traditionally congenital muscular torticollis is treated with a neck incision which results in a neck scar. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the transaxillary subcutaneous endoscopic sternocleidomastoid muscle division for the treatment of congenital muscular torticollis. This is a prospective study of 7 children with torticollis treated surgically by the transaxillary endoscopic approach in the department of Pediatric Surgery between 2014 and 2018. Read More

Transl Pediatr 2020 Feb;9(1):13-20

Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of virtual touch tissue imaging quantification (VTIQ) in the diagnosis and treatment of congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) in children.

Methods: Sixty-two CMT children treated in the clinics of our hospital were collected, and then 62 CMT children treated with manipulation massage were followed up; 23 CMT children receiving surgery in the same period served as controls. Conventional ultrasonography and VTIQ were performed at bilateral sternocleidomastoid muscles (SCM), and the shear wave velocity (SWV) was measured. Read More

J Neurol 2020 Mar 5. Epub 2020 Mar 5.

Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, East Lake District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy has been suggested to be a beneficial alternative in cervical dystonia (CD) for patients who failed nonsurgical treatments. This individual patient data meta-analysis compared the efficacy of DBS in the globus pallidus internus (GPi) versus subthalamic nucleus (STN) and identified possible predictive factors for CD.

Methods: Three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and Web of Science) were searched for studies with no publication date restrictions. Read More

J Phys Ther Sci 2020 Jan 22;32(1):7-15. Epub 2020 Jan 22.

Division of Pediatrics/Neonatology, University of New Mexico, USA.

[Purpose] As an alternative to manual stretching, the aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using neural/visceral manipulation as a safe and effective intervention to increase neck range of motion of infants with congenital muscular torticollis. [Participants and Methods] Ten 4-month old infants with congenital muscular torticollis received eight sessions of neural/visceral manipulation administered for 30-50 minutes without observed pain. Specific palpation techniques addressed restricted tissue areas of neck, head, trunk and extremities. Read More

Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020 May 4;192:105720. Epub 2020 Feb 4.

School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. Electronic address:

Objective: Primary cervical dystonia (CD) is characterized by abnormal contractions of neck muscles. Globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation (GPi-DBS) is recognized as an effective therapy for patients with refractory CD, but the prognostic factors need further research. Our study investigated the predictive factors of clinical outcomes in CD patients who underwent GPi-DBS. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2020 Feb 7. Epub 2020 Feb 7.

Metro Heart Institute with Multispecialty, Sector 16A, Faridabad, Haryana, 121007, India.

The globus pallidus internus (GPi) has been the primary target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) to treat severe medication-refractory dystonia. Some patients with primary cervical dystonia do not respond adequately to GPi stimulation. Subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS may provide an alternative choice for treating this dystonia. Read More

Rev Med Liege 2020 Feb;75(2):121-124

Groupe MoVeRe, Service de Neurologie, CHU Liège, Belgique.

Cervical dystonia is one of the most frequent form of focal dystonia. However, there's a great lack of awareness of this condition : a long delay to diagnosis is quite common and misdiagnosis is often seen. Nevertheless, this pathology is invalidating and improving diagnosis could have an impact on the treatment and the patient's quality of life. Read More

Adv Emerg Nurs J 2020 Jan/Mar;42(1):13-16

University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, Illinois.

Fibromatosis colli is a rare, usually self-limiting condition caused by a benign tumor in the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The tumor occurs most often during infancy and can be clinically associated with torticollis. Accurate diagnosis of fibromatosis colli is important to avoid unnecessary invasive interventions. Read More

Hum Mov Sci 2020 Apr 15;70:102581. Epub 2020 Jan 15.

Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Ankara, Turkey.

Cervical dystonia (CD) is the most common form of focal dystonia characterized by involuntary contractions of the neck muscles, causing abnormal rotation of the head into specific directions. Studies report that idiopathic dystonia is a developmental disorder of the sensorimotor circuits, involving both the cortico-striatal and thalamo-cortical pathways. It is also suggested that enhanced cortical plasticity extends beyond the clinically affected region and may also be detected in the unaffected upper limbs of the patient with CD. Read More

Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2019 07;2019:3519-3522

Understanding the neuronal network dynamics underlying the third most common movement disorder, cervical dystonia, can be achieved using dynamic causal modelling. Current literature establishes structures of the midbrain network for covert attentional orienting as dysfunctional in patients with cervical dystonia. One of these structures is the superior colliculus, for which it is hypothesised that deficient GABAergic activity therein causes cervical dystonia. Read More

Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2019 07;2019:1694-1697

Cervical Dystonia (CD) is a neurological movement disorder characterized by intermittent muscle contractions in the head and neck. The pathophysiology and neural networks underpinning this condition are incompletely understood. There is increasing evidence that isolated focal dystonias are due to network-wide functional alterations. Read More

Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2019 Oct-Dec;9(4):284-287. Epub 2019 Dec 13.

Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.

Congenital absence of extraocular muscle is rare. The most common extraocular muscle found to be congenitally absent is superior oblique followed by inferior rectus. Patients with absent inferior rectus muscle can present with abnormal head posture and incomitant hypertropia with limitation of ocular motility in the field of action of the inferior rectus with or without torticollis. Read More

J Neurol 2020 May 14;267(5):1278-1290. Epub 2020 Jan 14.

Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, 3009 SW Williston Road, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA.

Objective: To analyze deep brain stimulation (DBS) outcomes in patients with cervical dystonia (CD), the relationships between motor and disability/pain outcomes, and the differences in outcomes between globus pallidus internus (GPi) and subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS, and to identify potential outcome predictors.

Methods: A systematic literature search identified individual patient data of CD patients who underwent DBS and whose outcomes were assessed with the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS). Then, we performed a pooled meta-analysis on this cohort. Read More

Neurology 2020 02 14;94(6):e639-e650. Epub 2020 Jan 14.

From the Department of Experimental Medicine (L.A.), Section of Human Physiology and Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering (A.C.), and Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health (O.C., F.C., G.A., E.P.), University of Genova; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.A., E.P.), IRCCS; Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences Department (A.C., J.Z., P.M.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy; and Human Sensorimotor Control Laboratory (J.K.), Center for Clinical Movement Science and School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Objective: To determine whether different phenotypes of cervical dystonia (CD) express different types and levels of somatosensory impairment.

Methods: We assessed somatosensory function in patients with CD with and without tremor (n = 12 each) and in healthy age-matched controls (n = 22) by measuring tactile temporal discrimination thresholds of the nondystonic forearm and proprioceptive acuity in both the dystonic (head/neck) and nondystonic body segments (forearm/hand) using a joint position-matching task. The head or the wrist was passively displaced along different axes to distinct joint positions by the experimenter or through a robotic exoskeleton. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020 Apr 7;131:109862. Epub 2020 Jan 7.

Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between torticollis and enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA).

Methods: An online/phone survey was administered to parents of 133 children diagnosed with the following disorders: EVA, GJB2 (Connexin 26) mutations associated congenital hearing loss and epistaxis (control). The survey included questions regarding symptoms of torticollis, vertigo, and hearing loss. Read More

Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2019 29;9. Epub 2019 Nov 29.

Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.

Background: Physical examination findings of dystonia are often underrecognized, especially in the setting of other movement disorders such as essential tremor (ET).

Phenomenology Shown: A patient with ET exhibited numerous textbook features of cervical dystonia, which were misattributed to ET by a primary care physician and two neurologists.

Educational Value: To provide a clear and unmistakable visual example of the clinically significant characteristics of cervical dystonia in the setting of concomitant ET. Read More

J Perinatol 2020 Jan 6. Epub 2020 Jan 6.

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, USA.

Objective: To report the incidence of torticollis diagnosed in infants treated for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) and compare neonates with and without torticollis.

Study Design: This prospective cohort study reports on infants examined at 1-4 months of age. Numerous obstetrical/newborn factors and other drugs used during gestation were compared. Read More

Am J Med Sci 2020 01 24;359(1):1-7. Epub 2019 Oct 24.

Medicine History, Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.

Girolamo Fabrici d'Acquapendente (1533-1619) was an Italian anatomist, surgeon and physiologist and a protagonist of the scientific revolution of the Renaissance. He made anatomy a scientific discipline and is justly considered a precursor of modern orthopaedics. He invented and used several external corrective devices for the treatment of congenital and acquired deformities of the limbs and spinal column, especially those following tubercular infection and rickets, torticollis, vertebral caries kyphosis, scoliosis, and rachitic deformities of the leg, but also congenital dislocation of the hip and congenital club-foot. Read More

Childs Nerv Syst 2020 May 4;36(5):975-985. Epub 2020 Jan 4.

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, 1824 JPP, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.

Objective: To analyze the varied presentation and management of atlas assimilation with associated radiographic abnormalities in children in the MRI era METHODS: Database analysis of 313 children (less than 10 years) RESULTS: Atlas assimilation (AA) was associated with atlantoaxial dislocation in 12, abnormal skull base and Chiari I abnormality in 42, C2-C3 segmentation failure and instability and Chiari I abnormality in 74, and condylar hypoplasia and basilar invagination in 74. Proatlas segmentation failures were 54, atlantoaxial rotary dislocation in 26 with Goldenhar's syndrome, abnormal C1 atlas posterior arch causing dynamic compression of cord in 31 children. Vascular compromise was documented in 26 children. Read More

Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020 Mar 17;190:105644. Epub 2019 Dec 17.

Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9 Street, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address:

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to present a case series of 3 patients with longstanding, severe, debilitating dystonic head tremor (DT) coexistence with cervical dystonia (CD) treated successfully by bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS). Pharmacological treatment including benzodiazepines and botulinum toxin injections employed to overactive muscles have failed to adequately control dystonic jerking movements of the head and neck.

Patients And Methods: All patients were diagnosed with DT who accompanied CD. Read More

J Neurosurg 2019 Dec 20:1-7. Epub 2019 Dec 20.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of unilateral pallidotomy in patients with asymmetrical cervical dystonia.

Methods: This study retrospectively included 25 consecutive patients with asymmetrical cervical dystonia refractory to botulinum toxin injections, who underwent unilateral pallidotomy between January 2015 and April 2017. Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) scores were evaluated preoperatively and 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively. Read More

J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil 2020 Jan-Mar;70(1):40-45. Epub 2019 Dec 19.

Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

V pattern strabismus is the most common ocular motor disorder reported in patients with craniosynostosis. Strabismus management may prove challenging, and few studies provide perspective on surgical approach. The purpose of this review is to discuss evaluation and surgical options for treating V pattern strabismus in patients with craniosynostosis. Read More

Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2020 01;99(1):e7-e10

From the Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (SAL); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-YC); and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B-MO).

Although accurate targeting of the causative muscles is of paramount importance in the treatment of focal dystonia, this is often challenging because of distortion of the affected anatomical structures and difficulty in proper positioning of injections. We report a case of idiopathic cervical dystonia that was treated by computed tomography-guided injection of botulinum toxin into multiple deep muscles. Based on clinical presentation of combined torticollis and retrocollis, and needle electromyography results, botulinum toxin was injected under electromyography guidance. Read More

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020 Mar 17;91(3):314-320. Epub 2019 Dec 17.

Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

Objective: Isolated focal dystonia can spread to muscles beyond the initially affected body region, but risk of spread has not been evaluated in a prospective manner. Furthermore, body regions at risk for spread and the clinical factors associated with spread risk are not well characterised. We sought here to prospectively characterise risk of spread in recently diagnosed adult-onset isolated focal dystonia patients. Read More

Childs Nerv Syst 2019 Dec 16. Epub 2019 Dec 16.

Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.

Purpose: Craniovertebral instability is a rare and serious problem. While previously treated surgically, better understanding of disease processes has permitted the field to move towards conservative management. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is one cause of pediatric craniovertebral instability. Read More

J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020 Jan 11;127(1):45-50. Epub 2019 Dec 11.

Service de Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France.

Patients with cervical dystonia (CD) may present with head and/or neck movements in the coronal, sagittal or transverse plane. According to the Col-Cap concept, CD postures are classified in torti-, latero-, ante- and retrocollis/caput patterns. The frequency of these different subtypes has to be evaluated. Read More

Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2019 Dec 12. Epub 2019 Dec 12.

Department of Otolaryngology, Liuhua Qiao Hospital, Guangzhou Shi, China.

Background And Importance: Patients with severe thoracic or lumbar deformities can achieve satisfactory correction through appropriate osteotomies. However, patients with multiple craniocervical malformations commonly undergo conservative or finite surgical therapy mainly because of the involvement of the vertebral artery. Anterior oral meningocele is an extremely rare pathology that has not been previously reported. Read More

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020 02 21;64(3). Epub 2020 Feb 21.

Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, School of Public Health, Albany, New York, USA

has become a global public health threat due to its multidrug resistance and persistence. Currently, there are limited murine models to study infection. Those models use a combination of cyclophosphamide and cortisone acetate, suppressing both innate and adaptive immunity. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2020 Jan/Feb;31(1):166-168

Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, MD.

Introduction: Neck pain is common in the post-operative period after craniofacial procedures. If patients present with neck pain and torticollis, it could be a manifestation of atlantoaxial rotatory subluxlation (AARS), which describes a rare condition in which there is lateral displacement of C1 relative to C2. When this occurs in the post-operative patient, it is termed Grisel syndrome. Read More