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Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020 Aug 6;135:110081. Epub 2020 May 6.

Private Practice of Otorhinolaryngology, Split, Croatia.

Objective: To test a feasible and reliable model for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children, based on the clinically relevant parameters, in comparison to a polysomnography.

Methods: A total of 94 children with the suspected underlying OSA were included in the analyses. An association between clinical parameters (modified Mallampati score, tonsil size, adenoid size, age, gender, and body mass index) and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) obtained following an overnight polysomnography was assessed, and significant variables were incorporated in the logistic regression model. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 04 29;4:CD011365. Epub 2020 Apr 29.

evidENT, Ear Institute, University College London, London, UK.

Background: Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (oSDB) is a condition encompassing breathing problems when asleep due to upper airway obstruction. In children, hypertrophy of the tonsils and/or adenoids is thought to be the commonest cause. As such, (adeno)tonsillectomy has long been the treatment of choice. Read More

Pediatr Radiol 2020 Jun 20;50(7):958-965. Epub 2020 Mar 20.

Department of Radiology, Children's Wisconsin and Medical College of Wisconsin, 8915 W. Connell Ct., Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.

Background: Information about the normal [F-18]2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the adenoids and palatine tonsils in children is not available.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to report the range of standardized uptake values (SUVs) in the normal adenoids and palatine tonsils in children, assess for the degree of asymmetry between the right and left tonsils and evaluate for the correlation of SUVs between the adenoids and tonsils.

Materials And Methods: Pediatric patients who had had an FDG positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain study in our institution from January 2018 to March 2019 were identified. Read More

EBioMedicine 2020 Mar 27;53:102684. Epub 2020 Feb 27.

Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany. Electronic address:

Background: Human immunology research is often limited to peripheral blood. However, there are important differences between blood immune cells and their counterparts residing in secondary lymphoid organs, such as in the case of germinal center (GC) T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and GC B cells.

Methods: We developed a versatile ex vivo lymphoid organ culture platform that is based on human pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) and allows for drug testing. Read More

HNO 2020 Mar;68(3):215-226

Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Frauensteige 12, 89075, Ulm, Deutschland.

Adenoidectomy, paracentesis, and tonsillar interventions are the most common operations in childhood. Hypertrophy of the lymphatic tissue of Waldeyer's ring can lead to individually distinct, acute, and chronic symptoms as well as anatomical and functional changes. When presented with affected children in otolaryngologic practice, the combination of parental interview, questionnaire-based screening for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and physical examination including ear microscopy, inspection of the oropharynx and, if necessary, the nasopharynx, has proven its worth. Read More

J Virol 2020 Apr 16;94(9). Epub 2020 Apr 16.

Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause more than 2 million annual episodes of seasonal acute respiratory infections (ARI) and approximately 500,000 deaths worldwide. Depending on virus strain and host immune status, acute infections by IAV may reach sites other than the respiratory tract. In the present study, IAV RNA and antigens were searched for in tissues of palatine tonsils and adenoids removed from patients without ARI symptoms. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 01 17;1:CD007074. Epub 2020 Jan 17.

University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Division of Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), Langenbeckstrausse 1, Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, 55131.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is characterised by partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep. Approximately 1% to 4% of children are affected by OSA, with adenotonsillar hypertrophy being the most common underlying risk factor. Surgical removal of enlarged adenoids or tonsils is the currently recommended first-line treatment for OSA due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Read More

HNO 2020 Jan;68(Suppl 1):50-55

Praxis für Hals‑, Nasen‑, Ohrenheilkunde, Bad Honnef, Germany.

Background: A second-opinion procedure was introduced for (adeno)tonsillectomy and tonsillotomy in 2018 by the Federal Joint Committee, due to the assumed high prevalence of both procedures. This study was conducted to quantify and analyze both types of tonsil surgery in Germany.

Methods: Data from the Federal Office of Statistics on the number of procedures and population size were used to calculate annual intervention rates between 2005 and 2017. Read More

PLoS One 2019 31;14(12):e0227061. Epub 2019 Dec 31.

Department of Agriculture, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S., Plum Island Animal Disease Center, NY, Greenport, United States of America.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is capable of infecting all cloven-hoofed domestic livestock species, including cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep. However, in contrast to cattle and pigs, the pathogenesis of FMDV in small ruminants has been incompletely elucidated. The objective of the current investigation was to characterize tissue- and cellular tropism of early and late stages of FMDV infection in sheep following three different routes of simulated natural virus exposure. Read More

Virol J 2019 12 21;16(1):161. Epub 2019 Dec 21.

Charlie Garnett-Benson, Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 161 Jesse Hill Jr. Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.

Background: Adenovirus (AdV) infection is ubiquitous in the human population and causes acute infection in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. In addition to lytic infections in epithelial cells, AdV can persist in a latent form in mucosal lymphocytes, and nearly 80% of children contain viral DNA in the lymphocytes of their tonsils and adenoids. Reactivation of latent AdV is thought to be the source of deadly viremia in pediatric transplant patients. Read More

HNO 2020 Jun;68(6):426-432

Praxis für Hals‑, Nasen‑, Ohrenheilkunde, Bad Honnef, Deutschland.

Background: A second-opinion procedure was introduced for (adeno)tonsillectomy and tonsillotomy in 2018 by the Federal Joint Committee, due to the assumed high prevalence of both procedures. This study was conducted to quantify and analyze both types of tonsil surgery in Germany.

Methods: Data from the Federal Office of Statistics on the number of procedures and population size were used to calculate annual intervention rates between 2005 and 2017. Read More

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020 02 10;162(2):230-233. Epub 2019 Dec 10.

Service de Physiologie Pédiatrique-Centre Pédiatrique des Pathologies du Sommeil, AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France.

Our objective was to assess whether adenotonsillotomy improved pharyngeal compliance, which is a risk factor for sleep-disordered breathing. Otherwise healthy children underwent Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)-18 questionnaire and a pre- and postoperative acoustic pharyngometry in both sitting and supine positions, allowing the measurement of the volume of the palatine tonsil region and pharyngeal compliance. Thirty-five children (median age 5. Read More

HNO 2020 Jan;68(Suppl 1):33-42

Praxis für Hals-Nasen-Ohren Heilkunde, Bad Honnef, Germany.

Background: Tonsillectomy remains a common procedure in Germany. However, demographic changes, the advent of tonsillotomy, and current guidelines may have an impact on the overall incidence.

Objective: To longitudinally evaluate the number of tonsillectomies, with (ATE) or without adenoidectomy (TE), and tonsillotomies (TT) performed annually in Germany. Read More

Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2019 Nov;54(11):830-836

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical Univercity, Dalian 116023, China.

To study the effect on immune indexes in children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) before and after resection of adenoid and/or tonsil. A total of 100 children with OSAHS due to adenoid hypertrophy were enrolled in Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University from December 2016 to December 2018. Some cases were complicated with tonsil hypertrophy or chronic tonsillitis. Read More

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019 Oct 8;71(Suppl 1):981-985. Epub 2019 Jun 8.

Department of ENT and HNS, J.N. Medical College, Belagavi, India.

The adenoids are a common cause for morbidity in pre-school and school going children. Adenoid hypertrophy is common cause of nasal obstruction in pediatric population. The assessment of the size of palatine tonsil hypertrophy is quiet easy to perform, however, measuring the size of nasopharyngeal tonsil and establishing its connection with the given symptoms is more difficult. Read More

Ir J Med Sci 2020 May 18;189(2):603-609. Epub 2019 Nov 18.

Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui Province, China.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a common sleep-related respiratory disease. Despite reports of low-temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation of tonsils and adenoids for the treatment of OSAHS, the effects on lung function and quality of life are unclear.

Aims: This study aims to explore the effects of low-temperature plasma treatment on pulmonary function in children with OSAHS. Read More

Turk J Med Sci 2019 12 16;49(6):1754-1759. Epub 2019 Dec 16.

Background/aim: Previous reports suggested that allergic/eosinophilic inflammation affects the adenoid and tonsillar tissue. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the tissue and serum eosinophilia in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy with allergic rhinitis.

Materials And Methods: The clinical registers of 125 children undergoing adenoidectomy/tonsillectomy due to adenoid/tonsil hypertrophy were examined and reviewed retrospectively. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020 Jan 15;128:109733. Epub 2019 Oct 15.

Airway Surgery Unit, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.

Objectives: Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a complex problem in pediatric population: diagnosis and clinical presentation are still controversial. Classic white light endoscopy shows some pathognomonic signs of LPR in children, such as thickening of pharyngo-laryngeal mucus, the cobblestoning aspect of pharyngeal mucosa, arytenoid edema/hyperemia, nodular thickening/true vocal cord edema, hypertrophy of the posterior commissure, subglottic edema. The NBI (Narrow Band Imaging) technology, generally used in oncology, allows to study neoangiogenesis and hypervascularization of the mucosa, common aspects in both chronic inflammation and neoplastic transformation. Read More

Laryngorhinootologie 2019 Dec 16;98(12):861-868. Epub 2019 Oct 16.

Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Ulm-University, Ulm, Germany.

Background:  There are few systematic studies on the general quality of life of children before and after adenoidectomy and adenotonsillotomy, although interventions on adenoids and tonsils are the most frequent operations in childhood in Germany. For this reason, the established KINDL questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life of children for the first time.

Methods:  Study participants (n = 111) and a waiting design control group (n = 35) were recruited consecutively from children (3-6 years) receiving adenoidectomy (66 %) or adenotonsillotomy (34 %). Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020 Jan 4;128:109700. Epub 2019 Oct 4.

Department of Pediatric Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland. Electronic address:

Objectives: The aim of the current study was to assess the levels of MMP-8, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the group of children with adenoids who suffered from exudative otitis media.

Methods: The study included 20 patients (10 females and 10 males) with adenoid hypertrophy coexisting with otitis media with effusion. The reference group included 24 patients (10 females and 14 males) with adenoid hypertrophy without otitis media. Read More

Vestn Otorinolaringol 2019 ;84(4):13-16

The Sverzhevskiy's Otorhinolaryngology Healthcare Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, 117152.

In the conditions of the experiment the peculiarities of thermal influence of Ho:YAG on biological tissue in the ablation mode were studied. In the experiment we used: surgical laser system LUMENIS VersaPulse PowerSuite 20, universal thermal imaging camera FLIR SC7000. The biological object (turkey meat) was remotely, at a distance of 5 mm, affected by a Holmium laser (E = 0. Read More

Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2019 09;80(9):ii

Professor, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 63243, South Korea.

Clin Otolaryngol 2019 11 8;44(6):983-988. Epub 2019 Oct 8.

Department of Pediatrics, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Dr. Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain.

Background: Tonsils are first-line host defence organs against pathogenic agents and participate in local and systemic immunity. Persistent increases in systemic inflammatory responses may contribute to associated morbidity. The aim of this study was to verify the short- and long-term impact of adenotonsillectomy on the evolution of inflammatory markers in 3- to 9-year-old children. Read More

Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2019 Jul 27. Epub 2019 Jul 27.

Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address:

Introduction: Adenotonsillectomy is an invasive surgical procedure, which may encourage the search for information by the lay population through online search engines. The quality of this information, however, requires an evaluation due to the wide diversity of the available content.

Objective: To evaluate the quality, in terms of ethical principles, readability and comprehensiveness, of the most accessed websites concerning guidance to parents/guardians related to their children's recommended adenotonsillectomy. Read More

Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2019 Oct 26;52(5):779-794. Epub 2019 Jul 26.

Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, USA; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University, 2015 Uppergate Dr., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Electronic address:

Evidence-based recommendations are constantly being updated for various pediatric surgical procedures, including the role for tympanostomy tubes, as well as indications for adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy. With a growing body of research available on some of the most prevalent pediatric conditions, an update on the current concepts surrounding management is warranted. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2019 18;32:193. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Nigeria, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu State, Nigeria.

Due to the enormous amount spent on histology of adenoid and tonsillar samples from children with adeno-tonsillectomy with no confirmed result of malignancy, it has become expedient to reconsider sending such tissues for histologyThe objective of this study was to determine the necessity of sending tissues of adenoid and tonsils for histology by means of ascertaining the prevalence of malignancy among children with adeno-tonsillectomy. This was a retrospective study done in three private hospitals that provide care for children in Enugu. Data was obtained from the medical records of 72 patients who had undergone tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy from September 2011 to May 2018. Read More

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2019 Jun;29(6):524-527

Department of ENT, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Anakara, Turkey.

Objective: To determine whether adenotonsillar size is a significant determinant of voice in children who have undergone adenotonsillectomy.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Ear Nose Throat Clinic, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, from July 2017 to June 2018. Read More

HNO 2019 Aug;67(8):606-611

Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Plastische Operationen, Helios-Klinikum, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Medizinischen Hochschule Brandenburg, Bad Saarow, Deutschland.

Background: The frequency of tonsil surgery in Brandenburg (BB) during the period from 2013 to 2017 is analyzed. Causes and possible consequences of the trends are discussed.

Materials And Methods: An OPS code-based survey is carried out in the 10 ENT hospitals in BB and using the data from the federal states (Federal Statistical Office). Read More

Ear Nose Throat J 2019 Apr-May;98(4):E1-E7. Epub 2019 Apr 2.

4 Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Nemours Children's Specialty Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

This was a randomized controlled trial of low thermal damage device versus traditional electrosurgery in children 3 to 17 years old with a clinical diagnosis of sleep disordered breathing, obstructive sleep apnea with adenotonsillar hypertrophy, or recurrent adenotonsillitis. Pain score (Wong-Baker FACES pain scale) was recorded each morning before eating, drinking, or administering pain medication for 14 days postoperatively. Seventy-five children were enrolled. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2019 Sep;30(6):e508-e511

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ben Gurion University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ashdod, Israel.

Waldeyer's lymphatic ring granulomas in children are infrequent, and may represent an underlying systemic disease, often nondiagnosed before adenotonsillectomy is performed. The authors report on a 5-year-old otherwise healthy girl presented with remarkable tonsillar asymmetry as well as adenoid hypertrophy, with no systemic signs or complaints. Adenotonsillectomy was performed to rule out malignancy. Read More

Int J Psychiatry Med 2019 05 1;54(3):231-241. Epub 2019 Mar 1.

3 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.

Objective: Chronic adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the most common etiologic reason for upper airway obstruction in childhood and has been found to be associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders and poor quality of life. In the present study, we investigated the impact of adenotonsillectomy on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms, sleep problems, and quality of life in children with chronic adenotonsillar hypertrophy.

Methods: The parents of children with chronic adenotonsillar hypertrophy filled out the Conners's Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short form (CPRS-RS), Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Parent version (PedsQL-P) before and six months after adenotonsillectomy. Read More

J Med Virol 2019 07 18;91(7):1250-1262. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.

The role of human adenovirus (HAdV) infection in different acute diseases, such as febrile exudative tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, and pharyngoconjunctival fever is well established. However, the relationships, if any, of HAdV persistence and reactivation in the development of the chronic adenotonsillar disease is not fully understood. The present paper reports a 3-year cross-sectional hospital-based study aimed at detecting and quantifying HAdV DNA and mRNA of the HAdV hexon gene in adenoid and palatine tonsil tissues and nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) from patients with adenotonsillar hypertrophy or recurrent adenotonsillitis. Read More

mSystems 2019 Jan-Feb;4(1). Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.

Acute otitis media (AOM), secretory otitis media (SOM), and acute pharyngotonsillitis are the most frequent reasons for visits to general practitioners, pediatricians, and otolaryngologists. Microbial colonization of the epithelial lining of Waldeyer's lymphatic tissues, consisting of the palatine tonsils, lingual tonsils, adenoids, and Eustachian tube tonsil, is a well-known clinical challenge during infancy due to frequent episodes of upper respiratory tract infections. However, no previous studies have investigated the combined role of the palatine tonsils and the adenoids as a reservoir for pathogens associated with SOM in small children. Read More

PLoS One 2019 22;14(2):e0212317. Epub 2019 Feb 22.

Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

The study aims to examine drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) in the decision-making process of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients with small tonsils. This was a retrospective study of children who underwent awake flexible endoscopy, DISE, and adenoidectomy with/without tonsillectomy at the Shanghai Children's Medical Center between 03/2015 and 12/2016. Tonsillectomy was performed for tonsillar obstruction found by DISE. Read More

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019 Mar 28;276(3):871-878. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Lykkebaekvej 1, 4600, Køge, Denmark.

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children referred for obesity treatment, and to compare the prevalence with that of a normal-weight group. Moreover, we examined the association between Body Mass Index Standard Deviation Score (BMI SDS) and the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI).

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 139 children aged 7-18 years with overweight/obesity (BMI SDS >1. Read More

Pediatr Pulmonol 2019 05 22;54(5):551-556. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Disorders Laboratory, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine and Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Objectives: Although progress has been made in the standardized interpretation of nocturnal oximetry in children with obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), no evidence exists on oximetry abnormalities in other respiratory disorders. We aimed to compare obstructive lung disease (OLD) and SDB regarding nocturnal oximetry parameters.

Methods: We analyzed oximetry recordings from children with (i) OLD (obliterative bronchiolitis; cystic fibrosis); (ii) snoring and adenotonsillar hypertrophy (SDB); and (iii) no respiratory disorder (controls). Read More

Laryngorhinootologie 2019 Mar 9;98(3):167-174. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

Klinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm.Ärztlicher Direktor: Prof. Dr. med. Thomas Hoffmann.

Objective: In this study, symptoms associated with adenoids and hyperplasic palatine tonsils and parental expectation of surgical outcome were recorded, to provide realistic parental information prior to adenoidectomy (AT) ± tonsillotomy (ATT).

Material And Methods: In total n = 111 children (3-6 years, ♂ 65 % ♀ 35 %) were recruited, who received AT (66 %) or ATT (34 %) at ENT University Hospital Ulm. By questionnaire-based survey, the most common symptoms and the main reason for the operation were reported from parent's perspective (operation day, follow-up: 3. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019 Mar 21;118:103-109. Epub 2018 Dec 21.

Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

Introduction: Adenotonsillar and middle ear diseases result in some of the most frequently performed operations in the pediatric population worldwide. The pathogen reservoir hypothesis (PRH) suggests that the adenoids act as a reservoir of bacteria which play a potential pathogenic role in otitis media. Evidence supporting this hypothesis is limited. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019 Mar 2;118:68-72. Epub 2018 Dec 2.

Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, USA.

Introduction: Paradoxical vocal fold movement dysfunction (PVFMD) is a disorder in which the vocal folds involuntarily adduct during inspiration resulting in stridor, cough, dysphonia and dyspnea. Diagnosis of PVFMD is difficult given the episodic nature of the disorder and the often-normal laryngeal exam in between episodes. Moreover, additional sources of obstruction have been identified as sources of Periodic Occurrence of Laryngeal Obstruction (POLO). Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019 Feb 1;117:171-174. Epub 2018 Dec 1.

Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel. Electronic address:

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of tonsil and adenoid malignancy in pediatric patients in Israel compared to the known literature and to revisit the common practice of routine histopathologic examination of tonsils and adenoids.

Methods: Analysis of the Israel National Cancer Registry data on pediatric tonsil and adenoid malignancies between the years 2005 and 2015, and a systematic literature review of all relevant articles that reported on malignancies amongst pediatric patients who underwent tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy.

Results: Only seven cases of tonsillar malignancies were documented out of 152,352 (0. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019 Feb 30;117:157-162. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Center Split, Croatia.

Purpose Of The Study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children on maternal and paternal anxiety.

Patients And Methods: This prospective study was conducted from January 2013 until January 2016 in the Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Department at the University Hospital of Split, Croatia. The parents of 59 children with a median age of 5 years (range: 2-9) who were suffering from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy were enrolled into the study. Read More

J Morphol 2019 02 20;280(2):214-222. Epub 2018 Dec 20.

Laboratory of Animal Anatomy & Tissue Embryology, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.

To evaluate age-related changes in the morphology as well as the expression and localization of IgA and IgG in yak pharyngeal tonsils, 20 healthy yaks were divided into four age groups [newborn (1-7 days old), juvenile (5-7 months old), adult (3-6 years old) and old (7-10 years old)]. Morphologic characteristics were observed by histological techniques. The expression and localization of IgA and IgG in pharyngeal tonsils were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Read More

Auris Nasus Larynx 2019 Aug 13;46(4):565-569. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Başkent University Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fevzi Cakmak Avenue 5(th) Street No: 48 06490 Bahcelievler, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address:

Objective: Fractalkine, member of chemokine family, is involved in many inflammatory processes in the human body. The aim of this study is to compare expression levels of fractalkine ligand and its receptor in chronic tonsillitis and hypertrophic tonsil samples.

Methods: The study was conducted at Baskent University Departments of Otorhinolaryngology and Medical Genetics. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019 Jan 3;116:177-180. Epub 2018 Nov 3.

University of Auckland, Department of Surgery, PO Box 99743, Newmarket, Auckland, 1149, New Zealand.

Introduction: Children who undergo adenotonsillectomy have a range of symptoms. Some present with infective symptoms, others with obstructive symptoms, and many with a combination of both. The most common surgical indication has changed over the past several decades from infective symptoms to obstructive symptoms. Read More