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Int J Otolaryngol 2018 7;2018:4504270. Epub 2018 Nov 7.

Otolaryngology Unit, Phayao Hospital, Phayao, Thailand.

Lingual abscess is a rare disorder, and current knowledge regarding clinical manifestations and treatment modalities has not been well established. This study presented 6 cases of lingual abscess patients between January 2012 and December 2017. There were three men and three women. Read More

Case Rep Infect Dis 2018 7;2018:3628395. Epub 2018 Nov 7.

Internal Medicine, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, NJ, USA.

Lemierre's syndrome is a rare disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It begins with an oropharyngeal infection, which spreads locally to involve the internal jugular vein causing thrombophlebitis, followed by distant spread and metastatic infections. Affected individuals are commonly young adults. Read More

J West Afr Coll Surg 2017 Oct-Dec;7(4):34-51

ENT Department, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.

Background: Halitosis is a common medico social symptom among children.

Aim: To determine the clinical, epidemiological patterns, aetiology and psycho-social issues of halitosis among children in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.

Methodology: This was a prospective hospital based study of children with complaints of halitosis. Read More

Cureus 2018 Sep 22;10(9):e3343. Epub 2018 Sep 22.

Otolaryngology, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Science, Puducherry, IND.

Introduction Tonsillitis is a very common disease in children. Understanding the microbiology and pathology of chronic tonsillitis is an important step in its management. The aim of the study was to describe the microbiological profile of core tonsillar tissue in chronic tonsillitis in children. Read More

Emerg Med Clin North Am 2019 Feb;37(1):95-107

Department of Emergency Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11234 Anderson Street MC A-108, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA. Electronic address:

Infection of the neck is a relatively common emergency department complaint. If not diagnosed and managed promptly, it may quickly progress to a life-threatening infection. These infections can result in true airway emergencies that may require fiberoptic or surgical airways. Read More

Emerg Med Clin North Am 2019 Feb;37(1):69-80

Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwestern University, 211 East Ontario - Suite 300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic address:

This article reviews the presentation, diagnosis, and management of common and "can't miss" infections of the oropharynx, including streptococcal pharyngitis, infectious mononucleosis, peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal abscess, and epiglottitis. Read More

Mater Sociomed 2018 Mar;30(1):43-48

Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia.

Introduction: Quality of life in patients with acute pharyngitis or tonsillitis is significantly lower than in healthy persons, and it should be taken into account when efficacy of new therapeutic options is investigated.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a reliable instrument that can measure quality of life in adult outpatients with sore throat caused by acute pharyngitis or acute tonsillitis.

Method: The study was of a cross-sectional type, and assessed reliability and validity of newly developed questionnaire for measurement of quality of life in adult outpatients with sore throat (STQoL) caused by acute pharyngitis or acute tonsillitis. Read More

Vestn Otorinolaringol 2018 ;83(5):55-58

Academician I.P Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.

The objective of the present work was to elucidate the specific features of the clinical picture of allergic rhinitis in the pregnant women. The study included 156 pregnant women presenting with the persisting form of the disease and 63 patients having its intermitting form. The character of the endoscopic manifestations of rhinitis, chronic tonsillitis, and gastroesophageal reflux was evaluated with the use of a scoring system. Read More

Multidiscip Respir Med 2018 2;13:40. Epub 2018 Nov 2.

2Preventive Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina, Parla, Madrid, Spain.

Fifteen years after its licensure, this revision assesses the role of cefditoren facing the current pharmacoepidemiology of resistances in respiratory human-adapted pathogens (, , and ). In the era of post- pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and in an environment of increasing diffusion of the I gene among isolates, published studies on the cefditoren in vitro microbiological activity, pharmacokinetic/pharmcodynamic (PK/PD) activity and clinical efficacy are reviewed. Based on published data, an overall analysis is performed for PK/PD susceptibility interpretation. Read More

PLoS One 2018 8;13(11):e0207090. Epub 2018 Nov 8.

Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.

There is evidence that pepsin can aggravate tonsil hypertrophy. Pepstatin is a potent inhibitor of pepsin activity and could protect patients against reflux tonsil hypertrophy by inhibiting pepsin. We examined the effects of pepstatin on the development of tonsil hypertrophy to investigate pepsin's role in the pathogenesis of tonsil lesions. Read More

Korean J Neurotrauma 2018 Oct 31;14(2):155-158. Epub 2018 Oct 31.

Department of Neurosurgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.

Deep neck infections (DNIs) are mainly caused by dental caries, tonsillitis, and pharyngitis; however, DNIs can also occur after head and neck trauma. A 79-year-old male patient underwent a craniectomy due to an acute subdural hematoma. The patient was unconscious and continued to have a fever, but no clear cause was found. Read More

Case Rep Otolaryngol 2018 27;2018:7307290. Epub 2018 Sep 27.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Deep neck abscess is a life-threatening infection that causes laryngeal edema and upper airway occlusion. The predominant bacterial species involved in this disorder is group A streptococcus. Group G streptococcus (GGS) constitutes the normal commensal flora of the human upper airway. Read More

Georgian Med News 2018 Sep(282):35-39

State High Education Establishment I.Ya. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University"; Тernopil State Municipal Hospital Of Emergency Care, Ukraine.

Research purpose - to set the thermosemiotics of acute tonsillitis by the exposure of infrared features in a submandibular region and on the hands of healthy people, and also comparisons of the got results with the corresponding indexes of such patients. 95 patients with acute tonsillitis, and also 32 healthy volunteers with a normal temperature bodies without tonsil pathology were examined. Age of inspected persons was from 20 to 58 years. Read More

Med J Malaysia 2018 Oct;73(5):336-337

University Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

We report a case of benign transient hyperphosphatasaemia (BTH) which was noted incidentally when the patient was admitted for acute tonsillitis. Blood result showed alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at admission was markedly elevated with value of 2481 U/L [normal range 34 - 104 U/L]. He had no history or physical findings to suggest liver or bone disease. Read More

Med Clin North Am 2018 Nov 20;102(6):1109-1120. Epub 2018 Sep 20.

Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 2233 Post Street, 3rd floor, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.

Infections of the head and neck are common and appropriately managed by primary care providers in most cases. However, some infections are associated with significant morbidity and require urgent recognition and management by specialty services. These include deep neck space infections originating in the oral cavity, pharynx, and salivary glands, as well as complicated otologic and sinonasal infection. Read More

J Inflamm Res 2018 28;11:375. Epub 2018 Sep 28.

[This corrects the article on p. 329 in vol. 11, PMID: 30233227. Read More

J Pak Med Assoc 2018 Jul;68(7):1002-1008

Adana Numune Research and Training Hospital, Turkey.

Objective: To compare effects of local and systemic administrations of dexamethasone and local bupivacaine on postoperative pain in patients who have had tonsillectomy..

Methods: This randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled and prospective clinical trial was conducted at Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Turkey, between April and July 2016, and comprised patients who were undergoing tonsillectomy operation due to recurrent tonsillitis, chronic tonsillitis or tonsillar hypertrophy indication. Read More

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018 Oct 9:194599818804191. Epub 2018 Oct 9.

1 Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.

Objective This investigation seeks to evaluate the effect of gross pathologic analysis on our management of patients undergoing routine tonsillectomy and to evaluate charges and reimbursement. Study Design Retrospective chart review from 2005 through 2016. Setting Academic medical center. Read More

J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018 Oct 5. Epub 2018 Oct 5.

Autoimmune neutropenia is a self-limiting condition characterized by the presence of granulocyte-specific autoantibodies. This case report describes a 2-year-old female who presented to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry with a history of oral ulceration, complicated by high temperature, gingival hypertrophy and gingival hemorrhage. These symptoms had precipitated an admission to a district general hospital and diagnosis of viral tonsillitis. Read More

Clin Med (Lond) 2018 Oct;18(5):400-402

Barts Health NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

We present the case of a 41-year-old Australian woman with a 3-day history of fevers and migratory polyarthritis. Three weeks prior she had been treated by her GP with phenoxymethylpenicillin for acute tonsillitis. Examination confirmed synovitis. Read More

Am J Chin Med 2018 Oct 4:1-32. Epub 2018 Oct 4.

1 Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China.

The stems and roots of Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Wight et Arn., a traditional Chinese medicine and Dai herbal medicine, have been widely used for the treatment of asthma, trachitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, cystitis, pneumonia and drug or food poisoning. Read More

Clin Infect Dis 2018 Sep;67(8):1303-1305

Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018 Nov 5;114:143-146. Epub 2018 Sep 5.

Michigan Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.

Objective: To determine the incidence of intratonsillar abscess (ITA) patients within the population of patients diagnosed with peritonsillar abscess (PTA) and to further characterize the differences in symptomatology and successful treatment strategies between the two groups.

Methods: This study is a retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with PTA or ITA at our institution from 2000 to 2017. Descriptive and inferential statistics are reported, including univariate and multivariate analyses. Read More

Clin Otolaryngol 2019 Jan 25;44(1):7-13. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK.

Aim: (a) To report national trends for tonsillectomy, tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess and deep neck space infection in secondary care. (b) To report national trends in sore throat consultations in primary care. (c) To report national trends in antibiotic prescribing in both primary and secondary care between 2011 and 2015. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 09 27;9:CD001506. Epub 2018 Sep 27.

Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, 1 Kookaburra Close, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia, 2305.

Background: Impaired mucociliary clearance characterises lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Hypertonic saline enhances mucociliary clearance and may lessen the destructive inflammatory process in the airways. This is an update of a previously published review. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Sep 23;2018. Epub 2018 Sep 23.

Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Upper aerodigestive tract involvement with tuberculosis is relatively rare and may be seen in up to 2% of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Isolated tonsil involvement with tuberculosis is not commonly seen in clinical practice. We report a case of a 22-year-old postpartum mother who presented with odynophagia, fever, loss of weight and submandibular swelling of 3 months' duration. Read More

Iran J Otorhinolaryngol 2018 Sep;30(100):297-300

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India.

Introduction: Primary mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) of the palatine tonsil without involvement of the regional lymph nodes is rarely reported.

Case Report: A 52-year-old male presented with complaints of a change in his voice over 3 months, with neither sore throat nor fever. Physical examination revealed right-sided grade IV and left-sided grade III tonsillar enlargement with prominent vessels. Read More

J Clin Virol 2018 Nov 8;108:43-49. Epub 2018 Sep 8.

Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.

Background: Coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) represents the predominant enterovirus serotype in Hong Kong, but its epidemiology in our population was unknown.

Objectives: To examine the clinical and molecular epidemiology of CV-A6 and detect emerging recombinant strains in Hong Kong.

Study Design: Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) from patients with febrile or respiratory illness were subject to RT-PCR for CV-A6 and sequencing of 5'-NCR and VP1. Read More

J Inflamm Res 2018 5;11:329-337. Epub 2018 Sep 5.

Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,

Recurrent tonsillitis is described as when an individual suffers from several attacks of tonsillitis per year. Chronic and recurrent tonsillitis both cause repeated occurrences of inflamed tonsils which have a significant impact on a patient's quality of life. Numerous children suffer from recurrent tonsillitis and sore throats, and these illnesses become part of their life. Read More

Xenobiotica 2018 Sep 20:1-26. Epub 2018 Sep 20.

a Department of Pharmacy , the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China.

Shuanghuanglian Injection (SHLI), one of the most popular herbal prescription in China, has been commonly used to treat pneumonia, tonsillitis, and other respiratory diseases caused by bacterium and virus. This study is to investigate the effects of SHLI on the activities of Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2, 2C11, 2D1 and 3A1/2 in rats. Sixteen rats were randomly divided into two groups (SHLI-treated and blank control). Read More

Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2018 Aug 31. Epub 2018 Aug 31.

Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Introduction: Obstrutive sleep apnea syndrome is characterized by repeated episodes of upper airway obstruction, associated with intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia, and the main risk factor in childhood is adenotonsillar hypertrophy. The lymphocytes in these structures are responsible for local and systemic immune responses.

Objective: Verify the levels of the inflammatory markers, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, TNF-α, CRP and α1-GP, in the tonsils of children with and without obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Read More

J Laryngol Otol 2018 Oct 13;132(10):872-874. Epub 2018 Sep 13.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery,Medical Faculty,University of Cologne,Germany.

Objective: Smoking is purported to increase the risk of peritonsillar abscess formation, but prospective data are needed to confirm this hypothesis. This prospective study aimed to identify this correlation.

Methods: Fifty-four patients with peritonsillar abscess were prospectively asked about their smoking behaviour using a questionnaire that was designed and approved by the Robert Koch Institute (Berlin, Germany) to analyse smoking behaviour in epidemiological studies. Read More

Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2018 Aug;38(4):316-322

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Asklepios St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany.

Expression profiles of CXC- and CC-chemokines in various forms of tonsillar disease were studied to evaluate whether certain chemokines play a predominant role in a specific subset of tonsillar disease. Total RNA was isolated from 89 biopsies (21 hyperplastic palatine tonsils, 25 adenoids, 16 chronic inflammatory palatine tonsils and 27 chronic inflammatory palatine tonsils with histological prove of acute inflammation), reverse transcribed and subjected to PCR amplifying IL-8, Gro-alpha, eotaxin-1, eotaxin-2, MCP-3, MCP-4 and RANTES. 2% agarose gel electrophoresis revealed a predominance of IL-8 in the chronic inflammatory palatine tonsil group compared to tonsillar hyperplasia. Read More

Antibiotics (Basel) 2018 Sep 4;7(3). Epub 2018 Sep 4.

The Antibiotic Centre for Primary Care, Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.

Most antibiotics are prescribed in primary care, and commonly for respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Narrow-spectrum phenoxymethylpenicillin is the antibiotic of choice for RTIs in the Scandinavian countries, while broader spectrum amoxicillin is used in most other European countries. This review summarizes the knowledge of the effect of phenoxymethylpenicillin versus amoxicillin for infections treated in ambulatory care. Read More

Pediatr Emerg Care 2018 Sep;34(9):e161-e164

Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation.

Neck abscesses such as retropharyngeal, peritonsilar, and lateral pharyngeal are well described, typically cause a characteristic illness, and have a known epidemiology. We present a rare occurrence of case of confluent, mixed retropharyngeal, lateral pharyngeal, and peritonsilar abscess in a 9-month-old female infant. The symptoms at presentation were very mild and not expected in association with this extensive an abscess. Read More

HNO 2018 Oct;66(10):769-773

HNO-Praxis, Bahnhofstraße 2, 53604, Bad Honnef, Deutschland.

Background: Photo documentation of hypertrophic tonsils is requested by some insurance companies to justify reimbursement of tonsillotomy. In 2017, a standardized photo documentation was introduced in tonsillotomy patients to verify the indication and effectiveness of the procedure.

Objective: Using the archived photo documentation, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of two different positions of the mouth gag on the oropharyngeal airway. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018 Oct 19;113:51-57. Epub 2018 Jul 19.

Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

Introduction: Culture-independent methods, based on bacterial 16 S rRNA gene sequencing, have been used previously to investigate the adenotonsillar microbiota. However, these studies have focused on a single sampling site (usually a surface swab). We aimed to investigate potential differences in adenotonsillar microbiota according to sampling location, both on and within the adenoids and palatine tonsils. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018 Oct 16;113:298-301. Epub 2018 Aug 16.

Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, "Haemek" Medical Center, Afula, Israel. Electronic address:

Septic thrombophlebitis of the facial vein (STFN) commonly presents with facial erythema, tenderness, and swelling above the involved vessel. Due to its rarity, diagnosis and treatment remain a challenge. Lemierre syndrome (LS), which consists of a triad of internal jugular vein thrombophlebitis, septicemia, and distant septic emboli, is a more common entity of which physicians are more familiar. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018 Oct 26;113:281-288. Epub 2018 Jul 26.

Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is now a more common indication for tonsillectomy than recurrent tonsillitis (RT) [1,2]. Few studies have addressed possible differences in pathogenesis between these two conditions. Children with RT and OSA are often being treated in the community with multiple courses of antibiotics before surgery. Read More

Mikrobiyol Bul 2018 Jul;52(3):233-246

Selçuk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Konya, Turkey.

Streptococcus pyogenes is an important bacterial pathogen that colonizes the throat and skin of human beings and causes a wide variety of diseases ranging from mild infections like pharyngitis, tonsillitis and impetigo to severe invasive infections such streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, septicemia, and necrotizing fasciitis, and produces a wide variety of virulence factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance, virulence genes; [pyrogenic exotoxin genes (speA, C, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, smeZ and ssa), deoxyribonuclease genes (sdaB, spd3, sdc ve sdaD), protease genes (speB, spyCEP ve scpA) and inhibitor genes (mac and sic)] of S.pyogenes strains isolated from throat cultures of patients with symptomatic tonsillo-pharyngitis and typing by multiple locus variable number tandem repeat fingerprinting (MLVF) method. Read More

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018 Aug 28:194599818796137. Epub 2018 Aug 28.

1 Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Australia.

Objective The aims of this study were twofold: (1) to design and validate a set of clinical indicators of appropriate care for tonsillitis and (2) to measure the level of tonsillitis care that is in line with guideline recommendations in a sample of Australian children. Study Design A set of tonsillitis care indicators was developed from available national and international guidelines and validated in 4 stages. This research used the same design as the CareTrack Kids study, which was described in detail elsewhere. Read More

Vestn Otorinolaringol 2018;83(4):73-77

Regional Counselling and Diagnostic Centre, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 344000.

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the diagnostic significance of the measurement of the antistreptolysin O (ASLO) titers in the children presenting with chronic tonsillitis for determining the indications for tonsillectomy. The study included 54 patients at the age varying from 4 to 17 years who had undergone bilateral tonsillectomy for the treatment of chronic tonsillitis. The diagnosis was confirmed by the results of the histological study of the removed amygdalae. Read More

Sci Rep 2018 Aug 13;8(1):12045. Epub 2018 Aug 13.

Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.

Little is known about the diagnosis and surgical management of head and neck conditions in patients with HIV/AIDS. This study was conducted to characterize the otorhinolaryngological (ORL) profiles, surgical interventions and outcomes in patients with HIV/AIDS. This retrospective study included patients with HIV/AIDS who underwent head and neck surgeries at You'an Hospital from November 2009 to February 2017. Read More

Wiad Lek 2018;71(4):861-864

Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.

Objective: Introduction: Chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract in children and teenagers, such as chronic tonsillitis is quite common in pediatric populations, accompanied by changes in reactivity, causing a risk of complications. Due to the fact that the child's body resistance to acute infectious diseases depends on the sufficiency of trace elements, then at present stage greatly increased interest in deeper study of exchange of macro- and microelements in the human body in normal and pathological conditions. The aim: To study the dynamics of zinc, iron, potassium and magnesium in adolescents with disorders of the cardiovascular system with chronic tonsillitis. Read More

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2018 Jul 26;55:e14-e15. Epub 2018 Jul 26.

Horner syndrome is a rare but likely underdiagnosed complication of tonsillary surgery. The authors report the case of a 2.5-year-old boy who developed miosis and mild ptosis after radiofrequency tonsil ablation surgery. Read More

Diagnostics (Basel) 2018 Aug 2;8(3). Epub 2018 Aug 2.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery & Audiology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.

Peritonsillar abscess (PTA) is a common complication to acute tonsillitis. The treatment is drainage of the abscess, but many needle aspirations are unsuccessful due to a low diagnostic accuracy based on oral examination only. In this article, we describe how intraoral ultrasound can be added to improve the diagnostic work-up of PTA and present a novel technique for ultrasound-guided aspiration of PTA, using a small pencil-shaped transducer. Read More

Hamostaseologie 2018 Aug 2. Epub 2018 Aug 2.

Center for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.

Lemierre syndrome usually affects otherwise healthy adolescents or young adults and occurs at an overall rate of 1 to 10 cases per million person-years with an estimated fatality rate of 4 to 9%. Diagnostic criteria remain debated and include acute neck/head bacterial infection (often tonsillitis caused by anaerobes at high potential for sepsis and vascular invasion, notably ) complicated by local vein thrombosis, usually involving the internal jugular vein, and systemic septic embolism. Medical treatment is based on antibiotic therapy with anaerobic coverage, anticoagulant drugs and supportive care in case of sepsis. Read More

Ci Ji Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018 Jul-Sep;30(3):181-184

Department of Otolaryngology, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Institute of Medical Sciences, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.

Objective: Waldeyer's lymphatic ring consists of group of tonsils located over the posterior oropharyngeal wall. The palatine tonsils are largest tonsil. The present study was aimed to evaluate the significance of lymphoid hyperplasia, lymphocyte infiltration with and without defect in the surface epithelium in chronic tonsillitis (CT) and chronic adenotonsillar hypertrophy (CAH) in resected tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy specimens. Read More

Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2018 Jul 31. Epub 2018 Jul 31.

Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey.

An 11-year-old boy was admitted with mildly painful swallowing. His parents mentioned he had had bad breath for 4 months. He had presented with the same complaint several times at medical centres, and some antibiotics and analgesics were given. Read More

BMJ Open 2018 Jul 30;8(7):e022250. Epub 2018 Jul 30.

Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Introduction: Antibiotic use in low-income and middle-income countries continues to rise despite the knowledge that antibiotic overuse can lead to antimicrobial resistance. There is a paucity of detailed data on the use of antibiotics in primary care in low-resource settings.

Objective: To describe the presentation of acute infections and the indications for antibiotic prescription. Read More