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PLoS Comput Biol 2020 Jun 4;16(6):e1007888. Epub 2020 Jun 4.

Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America.

Most sensory systems are remarkable in their temporal precision, reflected in such phrases as "a flash of light" or "a twig snap". Yet taste is complicated by the transport processes of stimuli through the papilla matrix to reach taste receptors, processes that are poorly understood. We computationally modeled the surface of the human tongue as a microfiber porous medium and found that time-concentration profiles within the papilla zone rise with significant delay that well match experimental ratings of perceived taste intensity to a range of sweet and salty stimuli for both rapid pulses and longer sip-and-hold exposures. Read More

Brain Topogr 2020 Jun 3. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Laboratory for Cognitive and Neurological Sciences, Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Ch. du Musée 5, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.

Clinical, neuroimaging, and non-invasive brain stimulation studies have associated the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) with the multilingual language control system. Here, we investigated if this role is increased during the processing of the non-dominant language due to the higher cognitive/attentional demands. We used an inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) protocol over the left DLPFC and investigated the behavioral and electrophysiological effects on (i) picture naming in the mother tongue and second language, (ii) forward and backward translation and (iii) non-verbal inhibition. Read More

Oral Radiol 2020 Jun 3. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, A. T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, USA.

In the original publication of the article the fourth author name was incorrectly published. Read More

J Laryngol Otol 2020 Jun 3:1-6. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis ('OLVG'), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Objectives: This paper aimed to: retrospectively analyse single-centre results in terms of surgical success, respiratory outcomes and adverse events after short-term follow up in obstructive sleep apnoea patients treated with upper airway stimulation; and evaluate the correlation between pre-operative drug-induced sleep endoscopy findings and surgical success.

Methods: A retrospective descriptive cohort study was conducted, including a consecutive series of obstructive sleep apnoea patients undergoing implantation of an upper airway stimulation system.

Results: Forty-four patients were included. Read More

Animals (Basel) 2020 Jun 1;10(6). Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Złotniki, ul Słoneczna 1, 62-002 Suchy Las, Poland.

The aim of the study was to determine technological and consumption quality of some offal components obtained from Pulawska and Polish Landrace fattening pigs, and to analyse the eating quality of the offal products. The study material consisted of 100 fattening pigs: Pulawska (PUL) and 50 Polish Landrace (PL) pigs. The offal components were analysed for physical traits, chemical composition and energy value. Read More

World Neurosurg 2020 May 31. Epub 2020 May 31.

Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, USA.

Tapia syndrome is a rare complication of surgical positioning with resulting unilateral cranial nerve X and XII deficits that may provide diagnostic challenges in the peri-operative period. Timely diagnosis will facilitate obtaining the necessary supportive care while preventing unnecessary work-up and procedures. The following case report illustrates a patient that developed Tapia Syndrome immediately following a posterior cervical laminoplasties with eventual resolution of symptoms. Read More

J Gen Fam Med 2020 May 30;21(3):80-81. Epub 2020 Jan 30.

Postgraduate Clinical Training Center Shimane University Hospital Shimane Japan.

A blackish discolouration on the central part of the dorsal tongue in the front of the circumvallate papillae. Read More

Minerva Stomatol 2020 Apr;69(2):95-99

Unit of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.

Background: The objective of this retrospective study was to characterize the outpatient oral medicine referral pattern for tongue lesions with particular emphasis on cancer.

Methods: Records of patients referred to the Oral Medicine department for any tongue lesions needing biopsy between 2009 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. All cases diagnosed as tongue cancer were screened for medical history, referral pattern, treatment/diagnosis/follow-up. Read More

Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020 Jun 2. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Artificial Intelligence Big Data Medical Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.

Aim: The present study investigated the effects of two types of lingual exercise (tongue-hold swallowing and tongue-pressure resistance training) on oral muscle strength, salivary flow rate and subjective oral health of the elderly.

Methods: We randomly assigned 74 elderly adults (≥65 years) to three groups (tongue-hold swallowing, tongue-pressure resistance training and control groups). Each group participated in 8 weeks of their appropriately prescribed intervention. Read More

Clin Exp Dent Res 2020 Jan 12. Epub 2020 Jan 12.

Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Objective: Reliable data describing the trends and clinicopathological characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the Nepalese population are very limited. The current study aimed to examine the demographics, trend, and clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC reported to the main referral/tertiary cancer hospital, the B.P. Read More

Sleep Breath 2020 Jun 2. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.

Purpose: Selective hypoglossal nerve stimulation has proven to be a successful treatment option in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate if there is a cross-innervation of the hypoglossal nerve in humans and if patients with this phenotype show a different response to hypoglossal nerve stimulation compared to those with ipsilateral-only innervation METHODS: Nineteen patients who previously received a selective hypoglossal nerve stimulation system (Inspire Medical Systems, Golden Valley, USA) were implanted with a nerve integrity system placing electrodes on both sides of the tongue. Tongue motions were recorded one and two months after surgery from transoral and transnasal views. Read More

Exp Brain Res 2020 Jun 2. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.

Hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis (HFA) aims to reanimate denervated mimic muscles with hypoglossal axons when the transected facial nerve is not accessible. The aim of this study was to evaluate the recovery of HFA using a "Y" tube in two variants: (1) the proximal stump of the hypoglossal nerve was entubulated to the "Y" tube (classic "Y" tube HFA) and (2) the "Y" tube was sutured to an epineurial window of a slightly damaged hypoglossal nerve (end-to-side "Y" tube HFA). A total of 48 adult female rats were divided into four groups: intact controls (group 1), sham operated (group 2), classic "Y" tube HFA (group 3) and end-to-side "Y" tube HFA (group 4). Read More

Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp 2020 May 30. Epub 2020 May 30.

Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, España.

Funct Plant Biol 2013 May;40(5):484-493

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova 35100, Izmir, Turkey.

Natural waterlogging affects vegetation dynamics in many areas of the world. Goose-tongue (Plantago spp.) plants include diverse group of species differing in salt tolerance, some of which are adapted to live in saline wetlands, which makes the genus Plantago a good model for comparative studies on the responses to waterlogging and salinity stresses. Read More

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020 Jun 2:194599820917619. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of conventional (CF), laser (LF), and Z-plasty (ZF) frenotomies for the treatment of ankyloglossia in the pediatric population.

Data Sources: A comprehensive search of PUBMED, EMBASE, and COCHRANE databases was performed.

Review Methods: Relevant articles were independently assessed by 2 reviewers according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Read More

Chem Senses 2020 Jun 1. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Department of Food Science & Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

This study aimed to determine perceptual response differences and characterize desensitization to capsaicin over time across several oral cavity mucosae- the tongue, cheek, hard palate, and lip. For each region, subjects rated the intensity of capsaicin and a vehicle control over a 10-minute period. Following a rest period, capsaicin was reapplied on each pretreated area and subjects indicated which side felt more irritated then rated each side every 30 seconds, over 3. Read More

Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2020 May 29;2020. Epub 2020 May 29.

Endocrinology Department, San Juan City Hospital, San Juan, Puerto Rico.

Summary: Lingual thyroid (LT) gland is the most common type of ectopic thyroid tissue, but it is an extremely rare presentation. We present a case of a 41-year-old Hispanic female patient complaining of dysphonia and dysphagia. As part of the evaluation, fiber optic flexible indirect laryngoscopy (FIL) was performed which revealed a mass at the base of the tongue. Read More

Indian Dermatol Online J 2020 Mar-Apr;11(2):256-257. Epub 2020 Mar 9.

Department of ENT and HNS, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.

Mol Genet Metab Rep 2020 Sep 24;24:100597. Epub 2020 May 24.

Neurology Department, Raymond Poincaré University Hospital, Garches, APHP, France.

Glycogen storage disease type XV (GSD XV) is a recently described muscle glycogenosis due to glycogenin-1 () deficiency characterized by the presence of polyglucosan bodies on muscle biopsy (Polyglucosan body myopathy-2, PGBM2). Here we describe a 44 year-old man with limb-girdle muscle weakness mimicking a limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD), and early onset exertional myalgia. Neurologic examination revealed a waddling gait with hyperlordosis, bilateral asymmetric scapular winging, mild asymmetric deltoid and biceps brachii weakness, and pelvic-girdle weakness involving the gluteal muscles and, to a lesser extent, the quadriceps. Read More

Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2020 Jul-Aug;25(4):494-499. Epub 2020 Apr 19.

Department of Urology, Medical University of Silesia, 3 Maja Street 13-15, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of red-cell distribution width (RDW) on the overall survival (OS) of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue.

Background: Development of cancer is connected with an ongoing inflammatory process which is reflected by laboratory indices, such as RDW that can be used as prognostic tools.

Material And Methods: The study group consists of 74 consecutive patients treated with radical radiotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy for SSC of the tongue at one institution between 2005-2014. Read More

Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020 May 28. Epub 2020 May 28.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Electronic address:

Despite their small sizes, bacterial cells within a host-associated microbial community often form highly structured complexes determined by environmental factors and interspecies interactions. Wilbert et al. combined species-specific fluorescent labels and high-resolution microscopy to visualize human tongue dorsum microbiomes and to highlight their structure and dynamics. Read More

Biomed Mater Eng 2020 May 27. Epub 2020 May 27.

School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.

Background: Snoring source analysis is essential for an appropriate surgical decision for both simple snorers and obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) patients.

Objective: As snoring sounds carry significant information about tissue vibrations within the upper airway, a new feature entitled compressed histogram of oriented gradients (CHOG) is proposed to recognize vibration patterns of the snoring source acoustically by compressing histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) descriptors via the multilinear principal component analysis (MPCA) algorithm.

Methods: Each vibration pattern corresponds to a sole or combinatorial vibration among the four upper airway soft tissues of soft palate, lateral pharyngeal wall, tongue base, and epiglottis. Read More

Food Chem 2020 May 21;328:127117. Epub 2020 May 21.

Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

This study was aimed to reduce the concentrations of benzopyrene (BaP) and acrylamide (ACR) in roasted coffee beans by corona discharge plasma jet (CDPJ). The initial concentrations of BaP and ACR in roasted beans were decreased by 53.6% and 32. Read More

Laryngoscope 2020 May 30. Epub 2020 May 30.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan.

Objectives/hypothesis: This study aimed to assess the role of capnography in objectively evaluating breathing routes during drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) and further elucidate the relationship between breathing route, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity, and DISE findings.

Study Design: Prospective observational study.

Methods: Nighty-five patients with established OSA were recruited for this study from May 2017 to May 2019. Read More

J Robot Surg 2020 May 29. Epub 2020 May 29.

Department of Otolaryngology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Campus West Building, Room 241, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.

Objective: Review the safety, efficacy and cost of robot-assisted sialolithotomy with sialoendoscopy (RASS) for large submandibular gland hilar sialoliths.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: Patients ≥18 years diagnosed with submandibular hilar sialolithiasis between 1/1/2015 and 7/31/2018 who underwent RASS were identified. Read More

J Mol Histol 2020 May 29. Epub 2020 May 29.

Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls (AFMG), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

Caustic ingestion is a potentially detrimental event that can cause serious devastating damage on contact with tissues. Local exposure is associated with severe pain, swelling and ulceration. Caustics-induced oral ulcers can be painful enough to compromise the patient's quality of life. Read More

Head Neck Pathol 2020 May 29. Epub 2020 May 29.

Division of Pathology, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1- Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0283, Japan.

Oral Oncol 2020 May 26:104812. Epub 2020 May 26.

Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India.

J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020 Aug 18;108:103798. Epub 2020 Apr 18.

Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address:

Patient-specific finite element (FE) modeling of the upper airway is an effective tool for accurate assessment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome. It is also useful for planning minimally invasive surgical procedures under severe OSA conditions. A major requirement of FE modeling is having reliable data characterizing the biomechanical properties of the upper airway tissues, particularly oropharyngeal soft tissue. Read More

Nat Prod Res 2020 May 29:1-3. Epub 2020 May 29.

Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China.

is widely used as traditional Chinese medicine for treating the swelling of the gums and tongue and mouth sores due to flame stomach fire. It is mainly origin from Guangxi, Sichuan provinces of China. Alkaloids are considered as the major bioactive components. Read More

Oral Radiol 2020 May 28. Epub 2020 May 28.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.

Objectives: Oral cancer is the eighth most common type of cancer worldwide and a significant contributor to the global burden caused by this disease. The principal parameters considered to influence prognosis, and thus treatment selection, are size and location of the primary tumor, as well as assessment of the presence and extent of lymph node and distant metastasis (DM). However, no known report regarding the relationship between the primary site and DM has been presented. Read More

Food Res Int 2020 Jul 11;133:109160. Epub 2020 Mar 11.

College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, Beijing 100083, China. Electronic address:

Despite the popularity of Jasmine rice, changes in the flavor of Jasmine rice in storage remain unclear. Herein, the major aroma-active compounds in Jasmine rice combined with odor activity values and detection frequencies analysis were discriminated. Furthermore, the major aroma-active compounds and taste components of rice stored were investigated. Read More

Phys Med 2020 May 25;74:125-132. Epub 2020 May 25.

Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address:

Purpose: To perform a detailed evaluation of dose calculation accuracy and clinical feasibility of Mobius3D. Of particular importance, multileaf collimator (MLC) modeling accuracy in the Mobius3D dose calculation algorithm was investigated.

Methods: Mobius3D was fully commissioned by following the vendor-suggested procedures, including dosimetric leaf gap (DLG) optimization. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020 May 25. Epub 2020 May 25.

College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China. Electronic address:

The ninth complement component (C9) is a terminal complement component (TCC) that is involved in creating the membrane attack complex (MAC) on the target cell surface. In this study, the CsC9 (C9 of Cynoglossus semilaevis) cDNA sequence was cloned and characterized. The full-length CsC9 cDNA measured 2,150 bp, containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,803 bp, a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 24 bp and a 3'-UTR of 323 bp. Read More

Acta Biomater 2020 May 25. Epub 2020 May 25.

J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL USA 32611. Electronic address:

Biomedical engineers are at the forefront of developing novel treatments to improve human health, however, many products fail to translate to clinical implementation. In vivo pre-clinical animal models, although the current best approximation of complex disease conditions, are limited by reproducibility, ethical concerns, and poor accurate prediction of human response. Hence, there is a need to develop physiologically relevant, low cost, scalable, and reproducible in vitro platforms to provide reliable means for testing drugs, biomaterials, and tissue engineered products for successful clinical translation. Read More

Am J Speech Lang Pathol 2020 May 28:1-19. Epub 2020 May 28.

Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Syracuse University, NY.

Purpose This systematic review summarizes the biomechanical and functional effects of the effortful swallow in adults with and without dysphagia, highlighting clinical implications and future research needs. Specifically, the effects of the effortful swallow on swallowing physiology, safety, and efficiency were identified, as well as the strengths and limitations of current research. Method Recommendations specified by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses were followed. Read More

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020 May 28. Epub 2020 May 28.

Insufficient retention of water in adsorbed salivary conditioning films (SCFs) due to altered saliva secretion can lead to oral dryness (xerostomia). Patients with xerostomia sometimes are given artificial saliva, which often lacks efficacy due to the presence of exogenous molecules with limited lubrication properties. Recombinant supercharged polypeptides (SUPs) improve salivary lubrication by enhancing functionality of endogenously available salivary proteins, which is in stark contrast to administration of exogenous lubrication enhancers. Read More

Dent Med Probl 2020 May 28. Epub 2020 May 28.

Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Egypt.

Background: Bisphosphonates (BPs) are widely used as anti-bone-resorptive agents. Despite the great benefits of BPs, they may cause local and systemic adverse side effects.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological effect zoledronic acid (ZA), which belongs to BPs, has on the intrinsic tongue muscles in a rat model. Read More

J Clin Lab Anal 2020 May 28:e23330. Epub 2020 May 28.

Stomatology Department, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China.

Background: Circular RNA_0001742 (circ_0001742) has been reported to be upregulated in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) tissues/cells and regulate TSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. This study aimed to further investigate the clinical significance of circ_0001742 in TSCC management.

Methods: Totally, 146 TSCC patients underwent surgical treatment were reviewed. Read More

Elife 2020 May 28;9. Epub 2020 May 28.

R&D, nference, Cambridge, United States.

The COVID-19 pandemic demands assimilation of all biomedical knowledge to decode mechanisms of pathogenesis. Despite the recent renaissance in neural networks, a platform for the real-time synthesis of the exponentially growing biomedical literature and deep omics insights is unavailable. Here, we present the nferX platform for dynamic inference from 45 quadrillion+ possible conceptual associations from unstructured text and triangulation with insights from Single Cell RNA-sequencing, bulk RNAseq and proteomics from diverse tissue types. Read More

Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2020 May 28:9922820928055. Epub 2020 May 28.

University of London, London, UK.

Recent studies suggest that speech, solid feeding, and sleep difficulties may be linked to restricted tongue function. Children with tongue restrictions and speech, feeding, and sleep issues underwent lingual frenectomies with a CO laser, paired with myofunctional exercises. Questionnaires were completed before, 1 week after, and 1 month following treatment. Read More

Cureus 2020 Apr 23;12(4):e7794. Epub 2020 Apr 23.

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Foundation Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, ITA.

Working on the diaphragm muscle and the connected diaphragms is part of the respiratory-circulatory osteopathic model. The breath allows the free movement of body fluids and according to the concept of this model, the patient's health is preserved thanks to the cleaning of the tissues by means of the movement of the fluids (blood, lymph). The respiratory muscle has several systemic connections and multiple functions. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2020 May 27;20(1):374. Epub 2020 May 27.

School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shiquan 1st Rd., Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan.

Background: Elevated Staphylococcus aureus and oral bacterial concentrations are known to correlate with pneumonia hospitalization in nursing home residents. However, the effects of a professional oral care intervention on these factors remain unclear. The aims of this quasi-experimental study were to compare bacterial concentrations in saliva and sputum, oral health status, distribution of Staphylococcus aureus, and pneumonia status before and after a professional oral care intervention. Read More

N Engl J Med 2020 05;382(22):2077-2079

From Penn State Health, Hershey, PA.

J Texture Stud 2020 May 27. Epub 2020 May 27.

Department of Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata, Japan.

"Thickness" is one of the descriptors of texture in liquid and semi-solid foods. In this study, friction in thickener aqueous solutions was evaluated, using a biomimetic friction evaluation system, to show the correlation between friction data and sensory thickness and the recognition mechanism of this sensation during the process of eating. This system can measure friction forces under sinusoidal movement on fractal agar gel, which mimics the morphology and physical properties of the tongue. Read More