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BMC Fam Pract 2020 Jun 23;21(1):115. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Research Department, Irish College of General Practitioners, 4-5 Lincoln Place, Dublin 2, Ireland.

Background: The provision of minor surgical services is an established part of the task profile of general practitioners (GPs) in many countries in Europe and elsewhere. This study aimed to collect data on the clinical process and outcomes for specified minor surgical procedures undertaken in Irish general practice by GPs experienced in minor surgery in order to document the scope and safety of minor surgery being undertaken.

Methods: Over a six-month period, 24 GPs in 20 practices recorded data on a pre-determined list of procedures undertaken in adults (aged 18 and older); procedures for ingrown toenails were also recorded for those aged 12-18 years. Read More

J Cosmet Dermatol 2020 May 19. Epub 2020 May 19.

Department of Cosmetology, Chair of Cosmetology, School of Pharmaceutical Science in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland.

Background: Ingrowing Nail is an ailment in the toe area. This problem is observed in 20% of the population, in all age groups, but most often occurs in teenagers and young adults. The process of ingrowing nail stimulates natural defense mechanisms of the body in the form of inflammation and severe pain. Read More

J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020 Mar 30;61:126509. Epub 2020 Mar 30.

Department of Biophysics, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Kocamustafapaşa Cad. No: 34/E Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey.

Background: Onychocryptosis (ingrown toenail) and onychomycosis are common pathologies of the toenail and affecting many people. Since levels of trace elements have been shown to vary in certain diseases, in the presented work, chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) levels of toenail and serum samples of healthy individuals and patients with onychocryptosis and onychomycosis were compared.

Methods: Serum and toenail samples of 88 voluntary subjects (healthy n = 24; onychomycosis n = 24; onychocryptosis n = 40) aged between 19-80 years were collected. Read More

Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat 2020 Mar;29(1):11-19

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Health Sciences University, Ankara Health Training and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey.

Introduction: There are only two publications in Pubmed on the effectiveness of cryotherapy in ingrown toenails, and they present conflicting results. We aimed to clarify the clinical effectiveness of cryotherapy in onychocryptosis.

Methods: This study retrospectively examined the visual analogue scale (VAS), dermatological life quality index (DLQI), other medical records, and photographs taken before each cryotherapy session and 6-month follow-up in 59 adult patients with ingrown toenails that underwent cryotherapy with a 3-week interval. Read More

Am Fam Physician 2020 02;101(4):205

J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2019 Oct-Dec;12(4):212-214

Department of Dermatology and STD, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.

Introduction: Ingrown toenail is one of the most commonly encountered nail disorders that adversely affect the quality of life. The common surgical intervention includes partial nail avulsion with chemical matricectomy but it has a relatively longer recovery period. We attempted to study the efficacy and safety of radio frequency (RF) for matricectomy. Read More

Acta Derm Venereol 2020 Feb 27;100(4):adv00065. Epub 2020 Feb 27.

Department of Dermatology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 110 Taipei, Taiwan.

is missing (Short communication). Read More

Dermatol Surg 2019 12;45(12):1735-1738

Clínica Podológica Universitaria de Plasencia University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain Àrea Clínica de PodologíaUniversity of Sevilla, Seville, Spain Universitè Catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium Clínica Podológica Universitaria de Plasencia University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.

J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2019 Jul;109(4):272-276

Background: Ingrown nail is a condition frequently seen in children and adolescents, the pain from which can affect their daily living activities and school performances. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of ingrown nails in children.

Methods: The clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of patients aged 0 to 18 years presenting with ingrown nail were evaluated retrospectively from clinic records. Read More

Dermatol Online J 2019 Sep 15;25(9). Epub 2019 Sep 15.

Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY.

Ingrown toenail, or onychocryptosis, is a highly prevalent nail condition that occurs when the nail edge grows into the periungual dermis. It most frequently affects the hallux and has a biphasic presentation, being most common in the second and fifth decades. It is often painful and may be debilitating in severe cases. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2019 Oct 24. Epub 2019 Oct 24.

Dermatology Clinic, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Background: An ingrown nail is a common dermatological complaint observed in clinical practice. This condition (also referred to as onychocryptosis) causes pain and disability and commonly affects young adults. Treatment depends upon the stage of nail involvement in that stage 1 may often be successfully treated conservatively, whereas stages 2 and 3 usually require surgical management. Read More

J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2019 Sep;109(5):401-406

Onychocryptosis is a common pathology treated by podiatry medical services, and in a considerable percentage, surgical procedures are required to achieve a solution. There are multiple surgical approaches for ingrown toenails, both incisional procedures and nonincisional procedures, such as chemical matrixectomies and physical matrixectomies using carbon dioxide laser. This study presents a surgical procedure for onychocryptosis using a physical matrixectomy with a 1064-nm laser applied by means of a 400-μm optical fiber and surgical removal of the posterior cauterized tissue to achieve healing by primary intention. Read More

Am Fam Physician 2019 08;100(3):Online

Am Fam Physician 2019 08;100(3):158-164

University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.

Ingrown toenails account for approximately 20% of foot problems in primary care. The great toe is most often affected. Ingrown toenails occur most commonly in young men, and nail care habits and footwear are most often contributory factors. Read More

J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2019 May;109(3):201-206

Background: Ingrown nail is a common health problem that significantly affects daily life due to its painful nature. The purpose of this study was to reveal the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of ingrown nails.

Methods: The clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of patients older than 18 years presenting with ingrown nail were investigated. Read More

J Fam Pract 2019 05;68(4):199-203

Peak Vista Family Medicine Residency Program, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA. Email:

Choose either a conservative or surgical treatment approach based on severity. The Vandenbos procedure, described here, is an effective surgical option. Read More

Dermatology 2019 29;235(4):323-326. Epub 2019 May 29.

Istituto Podologico Italiano, Rome, Italy.

Introduction: Chemical matricectomy using phenol (CMP) is a recognized treatment option for onychocryptosis. However, the appropriate phenol application time to achieve nail matrix destruction is still unknown. Optimal ablation leads to low recurrence rates. Read More

J Dermatol 2019 Jul 27;46(7):631-633. Epub 2019 May 27.

Department of Mechatronics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan.

Pincer nails (PN) are defined as a transverse overcurvature of the nail plate. Although there have been advancements in therapeutic approaches, the precise underlying mechanisms for the development of PN are still not fully understood. Currently, PN are assumed to develop due to lack of upward mechanical force on the toes. Read More

Cutis 2019 Apr;103(4):197

Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.

Onychocryptosis, or ingrown toenail, is characterized by penetration of the periungual skin by the nail plate. One conservative treatment is taping, but frequent detachment is a notable shortcoming. We describe use of kinesiology tape to overcome this limitation for effective treatment of onychocryptosis. Read More

Arch Dermatol Res 2019 Sep 10;311(7):505-512. Epub 2019 May 10.

State University of New York Downstate and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 800 Poly Place, Brooklyn, NY, USA.

Retronychia is a condition, first described in 1999, characterized by the embedding of the proximal nail plate into the proximal nail fold and the stacking of a multiple generations of nail plates beneath the proximal nail fold. The disease affects frequently the toenails and is associated with stress-relevant situations including repetitive trauma, ischemic etiologies, postpartum, and compartment syndrome. Predisposing factors including static disorder of the feet may be underestimated. Read More

Scand J Prim Health Care 2019 Jun 3;37(2):165-173. Epub 2019 May 3.

d Department of Clinical Medicine , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.

In this blinded randomized study we analyzed patient reported outcome of three different treatments after nail surgery. We compared daily footbath with either alkaline or acidic soap or just a simple bandage of gauze dressing. After partial nail ablation surgery, patients were randomized into three postoperative treatment modalities. Read More

Dermatol Surg 2020 02;46(2):258-266

Department of Dermatology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Background: Nail braces are an alternative treatment for ingrown toenails.

Objective: This study aimed to prospectively examine the efficacy of nail braces for treatment of acute inflamed (AI)-type and chronic dystrophic-type ingrown toenails.

Materials And Methods: The authors conducted a prospective study of patients with ingrown toenails treated at Wan Fang Hospital between January 1, 2017, and July 31, 2018. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019 09 15;33(9):e320-e322. Epub 2019 May 15.

Hôpitaux Universitaires Saint Pierre & Brugmann, Hôpital Universitaire des enfants Reine-Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium.

Rev Med Suisse 2019 Mar;15(644):678-681

Unité de dermatochirurgie, Service de dermatologie et vénéréologie, Département de médecine, HUG, 1211 Genève 14.

Ingrown nails are a common and painful pathology not always responding to local treatment. Destroying the matrix by application of phenol (phenolisation) has proven its superiority over the so called classic surgical methods. This is partially due to the exceptional properties of phenol: demyelinisation of the terminal nerve fibres provides long-term pain relief, the coagulation of proteins stops bleeding and the molecule has antiseptic properties. Read More

Actas Dermosifiliogr 2019 Nov 13;110(9):772-773. Epub 2019 Mar 13.

Clínica Dermalar, Santiago de Compostela, España.

J Am Acad Dermatol 2019 10 13;81(4):1024-1025. Epub 2019 Mar 13.

Department of Dermatology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Singapore Med J 2019 02;60(2):94-96

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.

Introduction: Ingrowing toenail (IGTN) or onychocryptosis is not uncommon in children and adolescents. However, there is a dearth of evidence in the literature on the management of IGTN in this age group. This study aimed to compare the results of nonoperative treatment for IGTN with that of operative treatment among children and adolescents. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019 Sep 27;33(9):1800-1805. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Department of Dermatology, Saint-Pierre, Brugmann and Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.

Background: Very few studies have been conducted to establish the nature and prevalence of nail disorders in children.

Objectives: To determine the frequency of various nail conditions in the paediatric setting and to report their management and follow-up.

Methods: This was a retrospective study between 2007 and 2017 of children under 18. Read More

Z Gerontol Geriatr 2019 Dec 1;52(8):789-794. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922, Alcorcón, Spain.

Background: Patients of all ages can develop nail disorders, such as onychocryptosis, which are recurrent and painful conditions.

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the quality of life in a group of aged patients with recurrent and painful ingrown toenails before and after chemical nail surgery to treat onychocryptosis.

Material And Methods: The study design utilized a presurgery and a postsurgery questionnaire and examined prospective serial cases. Read More

J Dermatol 2019 07 30;46(7):e226-e227. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.

Can Fam Physician 2018 12;64(12):903-905

Family physician in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Assistant Professor in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of Toronto.

Dermatol Surg 2019 04;45(4):614-616

The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine New York, New York Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon.

J Am Acad Dermatol 2019 Sep 17;81(3):e61-e62. Epub 2018 Oct 17.

Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

J Dermatol 2018 Dec 28;45(12):1418-1424. Epub 2018 Sep 28.

Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.

Although ingrown nail (IN) is common, there is no large-scale study regarding its epidemiology and risk factors, such as foot deformity. The purpose of this study is to determine the demographics of IN and clarify its association with bone-related comorbidities of the ankle, foot and toe. Patients in a representative sample cohort of the National Health Information Database of South Korea from 2004 to 2013 who had IN were compared with a control group without IN. Read More

Chin Med J (Engl) 2018 Oct;131(19):2373-2375

Department of Dermatology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.

Singapore Med J 2018 09 5. Epub 2018 Sep 5.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.

Introduction: Ingrowing toenail (IGTN) or onychocryptosis is not uncommon in children and adolescents. However, there is a dearth of evidence in the literature on the management of IGTN in this age group. This study aimed to compare the results of nonoperative treatment for IGTN with that of operative treatment among children and adolescents. Read More

Hautarzt 2018 Sep;69(9):726-730

Hautklinik, Hauttumorzentrum, Klinikum Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Deutschland.

The ingrown toenail is a common, painful and inflammatory clinical presentation, especially, but not exclusively, in adolescent patients. Numerous conservative treatment methods are available. Usually, however, the surgical treatment is at the end of a chain of suffering. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2019 Aug 28;81(2):e31-e32. Epub 2018 Aug 28.

Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea. Electronic address:

An Bras Dermatol 2018 Sep-Oct;93(5):707-711

Dermatology Department, Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP), Brazil.

Retronychia is a recently described disorder caused by ingrowth of the proximal nail plate into the proximal nail fold. It is suspected when there is persistent paronychia, particularly in the setting of trauma. This disease is probably underdiagnosed due to limited knowledge among dermatologists and the presence of incomplete clinical forms. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Aug 27;2018. Epub 2018 Aug 27.

Department of Medicine, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.

A 69-year-old man developed left knee hardware infection after suffering from an infected ingrown toenail. The hardware was removed and he was treated with intravenous vancomycin. Ten days after initiation of vancomycin, he developed severe thrombocytopaenia, epistaxis and petechiae. Read More

Dermatol Ther 2018 09 22;31(5):e12677. Epub 2018 Aug 22.

Dermatology Clinic, Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

Ingrown nail is a common problem seen in the dermatology clinics. The aim of this study is to compare the wedge resection method and chemical matricectomy with NaOH in terms of operation time, postoperative pain severity, postoperative drainage, recurrence rates, recovery time, and the effects of these two methods on Dermatology Quality of Life Index. This study included 60 patients. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2018 26;29:229. Epub 2018 Apr 26.

Service d'Orthopédie Traumatologie Hôpital Militaire Principal d'Instruction de Tunis, Tunisie.

We conducted a retrospective study of 35 patients with subungual exostosis of the hallux, also known as Turrett's exostosis, in the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology at the Senior Military Hospital of Instruction of Tunis over the period between 1995 and 2015. We here summarize the outcomes of patients treated for this disease. The average age of patients was 29 years, with a sex ratio of 1. Read More

Dermatol Surg 2019 02;45(2):323-326

Department of Dermatology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan Dr. Young and Dr. Huang Dermatology and Aesthetics Specialist Clinic, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Dermatology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan Department of Dermatology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2019 03;41(2):e108-e110

Department of Hematology/Oncology for Children and Adolescents, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.

Background: At our institution, we noted that children with hematologic malignancies and solid tumors often suffered from ingrown toenails (IGTNs) during hospitalization for chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation. However, only few reports have dealt with IGTNs in the above setting.

Procedure: Between August 2007 and July 2017, 180 children who received treatment for hematologic malignancies and solid tumors at our institute were enrolled in this study. Read More

Dermatol Surg 2018 May;44(5):645-650

Dermatology Department, Brugmann, St-Pierre and Queen Fabiola Childrens University Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.

Background: Phenol is the gold standard for chemical matricectomy in ingrowing toenail. Recently, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was used as cauterant. Both agents have high success rates but a postoperative healing time claimed to be faster for TCA rather than phenol. Read More

J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2018 Jan;108(1):74-76

Retronychia is a newly described condition characterized by the embedding of the nail plate into the proximal nail fold. It mainly affects the great toe unilaterally as a result of mechanical factors. It is rarely reported, and its pathogenesis is not fully understood. Read More

J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2018 Apr 3;16(4):417-423. Epub 2018 Mar 3.

Department of Dermatology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.

Background And Objectives: Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for complicated ingrown toenails. However, alternative treatments using nail braces have been reported to show good efficacy. The objective of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of a new nail brace for the treatment of ingrown toenails. Read More

Dermatol Online J 2017 Jul 15;23(7). Epub 2017 Jul 15.

Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain.

Retronychia is a recently described cause of ingrowth of the nail plate on the ventral surface of the proximal nail fold. Clinical features are repeated episodes of proximal paronychia, nail plate thickening, and occasionally granulation tissue emergence. The usual treatments for paronychia such as antibiotics and antifungals are ineffective in these cases. Read More

Hosp Pediatr 2018 03;8(3):170-172

Department of Pediatrics, Carilion Children's, Carilion Roanoke Memorial Hospital, Roanoke, Virginia; and.