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Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 May 11;18(10). Epub 2021 May 11.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Armed Forces Daejeon Hospital, Daejeon 34059, Korea.

Background: Digital nerve block (DB) is a commonly utilized anesthetic procedure in ingrown toenail surgery. However, severe procedure-related pain has been reported. Although the popliteal sciatic nerve block (PB) is widely accepted in foot and ankle surgery, its use in ingrown toenail surgery has not been reported. Read More

J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2021 May 21:17531934211015858. Epub 2021 May 21.

Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey.

We report the use of obliquely oriented V-Y advancement pulp flaps to reconstruct 17 consecutive, lateral oblique fingertip traumatic defects over a 2-year period. All flaps survived completely with no bone protuberance, prominent scar or neuroma evident at an average follow-up of 11 months (range 7 to 19). Although there was no incidence of severe hook nail deformities, there were two patients who had residual mild hook nails, two with pulp/nail asymmetries and one with an ingrown nail. Read More

J Cosmet Dermatol 2021 May 13. Epub 2021 May 13.

Department of Cosmetology, Chair of Cosmetology, School of Pharmaceutical Science in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.

Background: Onychocryptosis, also known as ingrown toenails or ungues incarnati, is a fairly frequent condition, with global prevalence of approximately 20%.

Objectives: This study is aimed at discussing possible conservative management of severe onychocryptosis, with a case report.

Methods: Conservative approach is effective in reducing or even entirely correcting underlying nail deformities. Read More

J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2020 Oct-Dec;13(4):314-318

Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India.

Context: Lateral plate avulsion with chemical matricectomy is the treatment of choice for ingrown toenails. Phenol is the most widely used cauterant, followed by 10% NaOH and more recently trichloroacetic acid.

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of 10% NaOH, 88% Phenol, and 90% TCA in cauterizing the matrix with regular follow up post surgery and clinical photographs. Read More

Pediatr Dermatol 2021 Apr 13. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Dermatology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy.

Background/objectives: Nail alterations are commonly seen in cases of idiopathic clubfoot and may cause parental concern. The nature of and whether these changes are congenital or develop secondary to treatment has been poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate toenail morphology in clubfoot patients at presentation, to re-evaluate them during the course of treatment for the clubfoot, and to analyze findings in the light of the few literature reports for healthy children of the same age. Read More

J Pediatr Surg 2021 Mar 11. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.

Background: Ingrown toenail commonly occurs in patients who have experienced trauma or long-term compression to their toes. There exist two common methods of surgical management - wedge resection and Vandenbos procedure. We compared the recurrence rate of these two methods in pediatric patients. Read More

Foot Ankle Surg 2021 Feb 19. Epub 2021 Feb 19.

Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Atlanta, Georgia.

Background: This case-control study aimed to explore an association between foot alignment and development and presentation of the ingrown toenail.

Methods: Radiographs were evaluated for hallux interphalangeal angle (HIA), hallux valgus angle (HVA), talonavicular coverage angle (TNC), talo-first metatarsal (Meary's) angle, and calcaneal pitch angle (CP), as well as medial sesamoid position in a cohort of 103 young and healthy patients (mean age of 20.5 years) with ingrown toenails. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2021 Feb 12. Epub 2021 Feb 12.

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Health Sciences, Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Arch Dermatol Res 2021 Jan 12. Epub 2021 Jan 12.

Department of General Surgery, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, 34760, Istanbul, Turkey.

Nails have both functional and aesthetic importance. Undertreatments cause frequent recurrences affecting its functionality, while over-treatment spoils the aesthetic view. To describe the most practical and aesthetic method to treat ingrown toenail. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 01 1;18(1). Epub 2021 Jan 1.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Gangwon-do 24253, Korea.

(1) Background: Ingrown toenail is a common disorder of the toe that induces severe toe pain and limits daily activities. The Winograd method, the most widely used operative modality for ingrown toenails, has been modified over years to include wedge resection of the nail fold and complete ablation of the germinal matrix. We evaluated the outcomes of original Winograd procedure without wedge resection with electrocautery-aided matrixectomy. Read More

Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2020 11 18;164. Epub 2020 Nov 18.

UMC Utrecht, Utrecht.

Ingrown toenails (also called unguis incarnatus) are a common problem in the general population. In early 2020, the medical specialists' guideline "Ingrown toenail" was published in which the various treatment options are compared. Conservative treatment can be considered for stage I ingrown toenails. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2021 Jan-Feb;96(1):47-50. Epub 2020 Nov 18.

Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial Key, Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China. Electronic address:

Background: Dermatologists don't have a good knowledge of the surgical treatment for ingrown toenails and there is no consensus on which is the best approach.

Objective: To develop an easy and effective surgical approach to solve the problem of ingrown toenails.

Methods: We identified 67 patients with ingrown toenails in varying degrees of severity which were treated with the standardized approach. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020 10 23;17(21). Epub 2020 Oct 23.

Departamento de Podologia, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Avicena, s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain.

Onychocryptosis is one of the most prevailing onychopathies and one of the usual reasons for visiting podiatry clinics. In this research, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of a procedure of nail reeducation technique via a strip of polyethylene in subjects with stage I or IIa onychocryptosis, in which pathological toenail curves are present. This research was a randomized clinical trial (ACTRN12615000834550). Read More

Unfallchirurg 2021 Apr 27;124(4):311-318. Epub 2020 Oct 27.

Klinik für Allgemeine, Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, München, Deutschland.

Unguis incarnatus, an ingrown toenail, is a common condition in primary care, which is encountered by various medical professions. Inconsistent conservative treatment and nonindicated surgical treatment often result in complications and recurrence of the disease. Patients must be thoroughly informed about the complexity of the nail organ. Read More

J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2020 Jul;110(4)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the surgical method of arc resection of soft-tissue nail fold combined with a shaped dressing for ingrown toenails. The surgical method involved the excision of nail fold granulation tissue and partial or total nail avulsion with preservation of its matrix. This surgical approach was applied to 20 consecutive patients (age range, 11-30 years) admitted to the hospital from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2015. Read More

MMW Fortschr Med 2020 09;162(16):56-59

Klinikum rechts der Isar d. TU München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, München, Germany.

Wien Med Wochenschr 2021 Mar 21;171(3-4):53-56. Epub 2020 Sep 21.

Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden, Friedrichstraße 41, 01069, Dresden, Germany.

Retronychia is defined as nail plate ingrowth into the proximal nail fold causing pain and perionyxis. We report on a case series of seven patients seen from 2001 to 2020 (mean age 20 years). Xanthonychia was observed in all nails. Read More

Ther Umsch 2020 Jun;77(5):227-233

Zentrale Notfallstation und Departement Chirurgie, Kantonsspital Graubünden.

Ingrown toenails Ingrown toenails are the most common foot problems in primary care. Untreated or mistreated ingrown toenails will lead to unacceptable long suffering of the patient with negative impact on their daily life. Still there is no consensus reached for best treatment and usually the surgical options are the last solution. Read More

J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2020 Apr-Jun;13(2):142-144

Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprosy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.

Ingrown toenails result from the painful conflict between the nail plate and the surrounding soft tissues. Ingrowing may be precipitated by improper nail cutting in most instances, and occlusive footwear and trauma, in others. The most common type of ingrown nail is the distal lateral variant. Read More

BMC Fam Pract 2020 06 23;21(1):115. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Research Department, Irish College of General Practitioners, 4-5 Lincoln Place, Dublin 2, Ireland.

Background: The provision of minor surgical services is an established part of the task profile of general practitioners (GPs) in many countries in Europe and elsewhere. This study aimed to collect data on the clinical process and outcomes for specified minor surgical procedures undertaken in Irish general practice by GPs experienced in minor surgery in order to document the scope and safety of minor surgery being undertaken.

Methods: Over a six-month period, 24 GPs in 20 practices recorded data on a pre-determined list of procedures undertaken in adults (aged 18 and older); procedures for ingrown toenails were also recorded for those aged 12-18 years. Read More

Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat 2020 Jun;29(2):51-54

School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran.

Background: Ingrown toenail (IGT) is a common nail disorder that causes discomfort and interferes with most activities. Most cases of IGT require procedural intervention. This study was performed to compare the treatment and cosmetic outcome of partial nail matricectomy (PNM) using CO2 laser versus lateral nail fold excision (LNFE). Read More

Dermatol Ther 2020 07 24;33(4):e13667. Epub 2020 Jun 24.

Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

J Cosmet Dermatol 2021 Jan 30;20(1):290-294. Epub 2020 May 30.

Department of Cosmetology, Chair of Cosmetology, School of Pharmaceutical Science in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland.

Background: Ingrowing Nail is an ailment in the toe area. This problem is observed in 20% of the population, in all age groups, but most often occurs in teenagers and young adults. The process of ingrowing nail stimulates natural defense mechanisms of the body in the form of inflammation and severe pain. Read More

J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020 Mar 30;61:126509. Epub 2020 Mar 30.

Department of Biophysics, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Kocamustafapaşa Cad. No: 34/E Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey.

Background: Onychocryptosis (ingrown toenail) and onychomycosis are common pathologies of the toenail and affecting many people. Since levels of trace elements have been shown to vary in certain diseases, in the presented work, chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) levels of toenail and serum samples of healthy individuals and patients with onychocryptosis and onychomycosis were compared.

Methods: Serum and toenail samples of 88 voluntary subjects (healthy n = 24; onychomycosis n = 24; onychocryptosis n = 40) aged between 19-80 years were collected. Read More

Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat 2020 Mar;29(1):11-19

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Health Sciences University, Ankara Health Training and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey.

Introduction: There are only two publications in Pubmed on the effectiveness of cryotherapy in ingrown toenails, and they present conflicting results. We aimed to clarify the clinical effectiveness of cryotherapy in onychocryptosis.

Methods: This study retrospectively examined the visual analogue scale (VAS), dermatological life quality index (DLQI), other medical records, and photographs taken before each cryotherapy session and 6-month follow-up in 59 adult patients with ingrown toenails that underwent cryotherapy with a 3-week interval. Read More

J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2020 Jan;110(1):Article7

Pernio is an inflammatory condition of the skin associated with cold exposure. The dermatologic manifestations may vary, and this entity is frequently misdiagnosed. Its association with systemic disease underscores the importance of accurate diagnosis. Read More

Am Fam Physician 2020 02;101(4):205

J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2019 Oct-Dec;12(4):212-214

Department of Dermatology and STD, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.

Introduction: Ingrown toenail is one of the most commonly encountered nail disorders that adversely affect the quality of life. The common surgical intervention includes partial nail avulsion with chemical matricectomy but it has a relatively longer recovery period. We attempted to study the efficacy and safety of radio frequency (RF) for matricectomy. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2020 Jun 23;59(6):656-669. Epub 2020 Jan 23.

Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Onychocryptosis, or ingrown toenail, is a frequent, painful condition affecting young individuals. Controversies still exist regarding its etiopathogenesis and treatment options, including conservative and surgical techniques. The choice of treatment method depends on the stage of disease as conservative measures are mostly effective in early stages and surgical procedures are required in the later stages. Read More