Med Mycol 2018 Jul;56(5):521-530

College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

Dermatophytes are capable of infecting the skin and its appendages such as nails and hairs producing a variety of clinical conditions. Hair invasion by dermatophytes is a key feature of tinea capitis and tinea barbae but not of tinea of glabrous skin. In this project, we studied the clinico-mycological aspects of follicular involvement in patients with dermatophytosis of the glabrous skin. Read More

Mycoses 2018 Mar 15;61(3):152-158. Epub 2017 Nov 15.

Laboratory for Medial Microbiology, Mölbis, Germany.

Deep trichophytosis is relatively uncommon. The infection of the bearded area is also known as sycosis barbae or tinea barbae and can be caused by various fungal species, most often zoophilic fungi. We report on an 80-year-old male patient with severe sycosis barbae who had no animal contact and was treated with systemic antibiosis without improvement. Read More

Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2017 Nov-Dec;83(6):741

Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

J Cutan Med Surg 2018 Jan/Feb;22(1):94-96. Epub 2017 Aug 17.

2 Department of Dermatology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.

Background: Microsporum gypseum is a geophilic dermatophyte that colonises keratinous substances in the soil. Fur-bearing animals carry this dermatophyte but are rarely infected. Human infection can be acquired from the soil, carrier or infected animals, and rarely other humans. Read More

Hautarzt 2017 Aug;68(8):639-648

Labor für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Partnerschaft Prof. Dr. med. Pietro Nenoff & Dr. med. Constanze Krüger, Mölbiser Hauptstr. 8, 04571, Rötha/OT Mölbis, Deutschland.

Tinea barbae represents a very rare dermatophytosis. We report on a tinea barbae profunda following a journey to Southeast Asia. After travel to Thailand, a businessman was affected by a foudroyant proceeding abscessing infection of the upper lip and beard area. Read More

Dis Mon 2017 Jul 22;63(7):165-175. Epub 2017 May 22.

Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States. Electronic address:

An Bras Dermatol 2017 Jan-Feb;92(1):160-161

Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo - São Paulo (SP), Brazil.

Bioinformation 2016 15;12(3):197-201. Epub 2016 Jun 15.

Biotechnology Branch, University Institute of Engineering and Technology (U.I.E.T), Punjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.

Dermatophyte is a group of closely related fungi that have the capacity to invade keratinized tissue of humans and other animals. The infection known as dermatophytosis, caused by members of the genera Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton includes infection to the groin (tinea cruris), beard (tinea barbae), scalp (tinea capitis), feet (tinea pedis), glabrous skin (tinea corporis), nail (tinea unguium), and hand (tinea manuum). The identification of evolutionary relationship between these three genera of dermatophyte is epidemiologically important to understand their pathogenicity. Read More

Med Mycol 2017 Oct;55(7):720-724

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pontchaillou, Rennes, France.

Trichophyton verrucosum is a zoophilic dermatophyte, known as a causative agent of inflammatory mycoses of the skin and the scalp in humans. In this study, we reviewed all cases of T. verrucosum infection diagnosed in our laboratory over a 12-year period, to determine epidemiological and clinical characteristics. Read More

Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017 06 13;55(5):e31-e32. Epub 2017 Jan 13.

University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust. Electronic address:

Electron Physician 2016 Jun 25;8(6):2557-67. Epub 2016 Jun 25.

Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt.

Aim: The objective of this study was to isolate, identify, and explore the in-vitro antifungal susceptibility pattern of dermatophytes isolated from clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis (tinea infections) attending the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic.

Methods: This study was conducted at Sohag University Hospital from December 2014 to December 2015. Clinical samples (e. Read More

Mycopathologia 2016 Aug 17;181(7-8):547-53. Epub 2016 Feb 17.

Abadan School of Medical sciences, Abadan, Iran.

Dermatophytosis is among the most common superficial mycoses in Iran. The purpose of this report was to update the clinical and mycological features of human dermatophytosis in the Khuzestan, southwestern Iran. In the framework of a one-year survey, a total of 4120 skin, hair and nail samples obtained from the outpatients with symptoms suggestive of tinea were analyzed by using direct microscopy, culture and molecular identification methods. Read More

Prim Care 2015 Dec;42(4):501-16

Division of Primary Care, Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, 1921 Alice Street, Waycross, GA 31501, USA.

Superficial fungal infections grow in dark and moist areas and invade various parts of the body. These infections are easily treatable in immunocompetent individuals. In immunosuppressed individuals, the presentation can be quite severe, requiring use of more potent antifungal agents. Read More

Mycopathologia 2016 Feb 14;181(1-2):89-95. Epub 2015 Sep 14.

Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Km 18 Khazarabad Road, P.O. Box 48175-1665, Sari, Iran.

Dermatophytosis is a common mycotic infection of the skin, nail, and hair, associated with major public health concern worldwide. Various species of dermatophytes show significant differences in susceptibility to antifungals. Here, we present the antifungal susceptibility of a large collection of molecularly identified dermatophyte isolates obtained from tropical region of south of Iran. Read More

Saudi J Biol Sci 2015 Sep 5;22(5):604-9. Epub 2015 Jan 5.

Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Dermatophytes are a scientific label for a group of three genera (Microsporum, Epidermophyton and Trichophyton) of fungus that causes skin disease in animals and humans. Conventional methods for identification of these fungi are rapid and simple but are not accurate comparing to molecular methods.

Objective: This study aimed to isolate human pathogenic dermatophytes which cause dermatophytosis in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia and to identify these fungi by using conventional and molecular methods. Read More

Mycopathologia 2015 Dec 12;180(5-6):403-6. Epub 2015 Jul 12.

Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Liviu Rebreanu 86, 300414, Arad, Romania.

Impaired hair at blepharo-ciliaris area by dermatophytes is a rare clinical entity. This infection is often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed, being mistakenly referred to as an infection of bacterial origin. Herein, we present a rare case of tinea blepharo-ciliaris associated with tinea barbae in an adult male. Read More

Indian J Med Microbiol 2015 Jul-Sep;33(3):444-7

Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, T. Browicz Provincial Infectious Diseases Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland.

Zoophilic species of human dermatophytoses, such as Trichophyton mentagrophytes are significantly rare. We present a case of a 42-year-old male who for 2 months had been unsuccessfully treated and then referred to hospital with suspected actinomycosis. Lesions on the skin on his neck, submandibular area, cheeks and groins were consistent with extremely painful, merging inflammatory tumours and infiltrations with the presence of numerous pustules in hair follicles that poured purulent contents forming into yellow crusts after compression. Read More

Mycopathologia 2015 Aug 26;180(1-2):1-5. Epub 2015 Apr 26.

Laboratoire de Mycologie, BT422, Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Several dermatophytes producing numerous pyriform or round microconidia were called Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Among these dermatophytes are the teleomorph species Arthroderma benhamiae, Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii and Arthroderma simii, and other species such as Trichophyton interdigitale, Trichophyton erinacei and Trichophyton quinckeanum for which only the anamorph is known. Confusion exists about which fungus should be really called T. Read More

Clin Dermatol 2014 Nov-Dec;32(6):784-99. Epub 2014 Mar 1.

Sector of Dermatology and Post-Graduation Course, University Hospital, and School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Dona Mariana 143/C-32, Botafogo 22280-020, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

This paper reviews the recent literature on the diseases of the hair and pilosebaceous unit that may cause a red face. We discuss the epidemiology, clinicals, pathogenesis, and therapy of lichen planopilaris with its variants, discoid lupus erythematosus, folliculitis decalvans, dissecting folliculitis, acne keloidalis nuchae, pseudofolliculitis barbae, tinea capitis, tinea barbae, folliculitis of diverse causative factors and inflammatory follicular keratotic syndromes, ulerythema ophryogenes, atrophoderma vermiculatum, keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans, and folliculitis spinulosa decalvans. Read More

Ir Med J 2014 Jul-Aug;107(7):219-21

Folliculitis barbae is a common condition of both infective and non-infectious aetiology. It most frequently presents as a superficial folliculitis, with fine pustules appearing at the opening of hair follicles in the beard area, often associated with shaving; known as Bockhart impetigo and usually due to infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus. If untreated, the infection and inflammation can progress, leading to a more deeply seated infection known as sycosis barbae. Read More

J Clin Diagn Res 2014 Jul 20;8(7):YD01-2. Epub 2014 Jul 20.

Director, Central Leprosy Teaching and Research Institute, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India , Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu, India .

Hansen Disease (leprosy) is a chronic inflammatory infectious disease that primarily targets skin, nerves and other internal organs (testis, liver etc.) caused by the acid fast intracellular bacilli, Mycobacterium leprae. Clinical presentation occurs with a wide spectrum including hypo pigmented anaesthetic patches, raised erythematous plaques and nodules and thickened peripheral nerves showing tenderness. Read More

Hautarzt 2013 Oct;64(10):720-2

Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.

Dermatomycoses due to pets and farm animals are often a clinical and diagnostic challenge for dermatologists. A 24-year-old man presented with inflammatory skin changes on his cheeks and chin. Because of negative fungal culture and the clinical appearance of a highly inflammatory process, our first diagnosis was a bacterial pyoderma. Read More

Clin Exp Dermatol 2014 Jan 10;39(1):38-40. Epub 2013 Sep 10.

Department of Dermatology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.

We describe a case of kerion tinea barbae infection due to Trichophyton erinacei in a 37-year-old man. The infection had also been transferred to his partner by direct contact from kissing. T. Read More

Iran J Public Health 2013 Sep;42(9):1049-57

1. Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health; National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.

Background: Surveillance of dermatophytosis is essential to determine the likely changes in etiological trends and distribution profile of this infection. In this study beta tubulin gene (BT2), was used as the first time in a PCR-RFLP format to clarify the distribution of dermatophytosis agents in some parts of Iran.

Methods: A total of 603 clinical isolates was obtained from 500 patients in Tehran, Isfahan, Mazandaran and Guilan provinces. Read More

Mycopathologia 2013 Oct 14;176(3-4):247-53. Epub 2013 Aug 14.

Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Imam Reza Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,

Dermatophytoses are considered to be one of the major public health problems in the world and are among the most commonly diagnosed skin diseases in Iran. In spite of improved personal hygiene and living environment, dermatophytosis continues to spread and persist. To determine the prevalence of dermatophytosis and their etiologic agents in Mashhad (Iran), five hundred and sixty patients suspected to have fungal infection were studied. Read More

Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012 Dec 14;16(4):403-4. Epub 2012 Jan 14.

Western Sussex NHS Trust, Chichester, West Sussex, UK.

Background: Many disease processes can present with facial swelling and multiple discharging sinuses. A differential diagnosis would include actinomycosis, tuberculosis and osteomyelitis, but tinea barbae is a relatively uncommon presentation.

Case Report: The following case report describes a 48-year-old jockey who was diagnosed with tinea barbae. Read More

Mycoses 2011 Nov 25;54(6):e864-6. Epub 2011 May 25.

Pediatr Dermatol 2011 Mar-Apr;28(2):210-2

Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea.

Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. erinacei, the natural host of which is the hedgehog, has been found to cause highly inflammatory and pruritic eruptions, including tinea manuum, tinea corporis, nail infection, kerion, scalp infection, and tinea barbae. To our knowledge, however, no reports have been made of tinea faciei caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. Read More

HNO 2010 Nov;58(11):1105-7

Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Klinik, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstr. 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Schweiz.

A 54-year-old cattle farmer presented with crusty purulent plaques in the neck area. The clinical picture and microscopical proof of hyphae in the skin smear combined with Wood's lamp testing led to the diagnosis of Tinea barbae, a mycological infection of the skin transmitted by cattle (typically Trichophyton verrucosum). Therapy with itraconazole 200 mg q. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2010 Jul;63(1):169-71

Drugs 2009 ;69(3):339-59

Wolters Kluwer Health | Adis, Auckland, New Zealand.

Sertaconazole (Dermofix, Ertaczo, Ginedermofix, Monazol, Mykosert or Zalain), an imidazole antifungal agent, inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, an essential cell wall component of fungi. It is indicated in the EU for the treatment of superficial skin mycoses such as dermatophytosis (including tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea manus, tinea barbae and tinea pedis), cutaneous candidiasis, pityriasis versicolor and seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp, and in the US for tinea pedis only. Sertaconazole has broad-spectrum antifungal activity against dermatophytes of the Trichophyton, Epidermophyton and Microsporum genera, and yeasts of the genera Candida and Cryptococcus; additionally, it is effective against opportunistic filamentous fungi and Gram-positive bacteria. Read More

Eur J Dermatol 2009 Mar-Apr;19(2):173-4. Epub 2008 Dec 23.

Dermatol Online J 2008 Nov 15;14(11):10. Epub 2008 Nov 15.

Serviço de Dermatologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

Tinea barbae is an uncommon superficial dermatophyte infection of the beard and moustache areas. It was more frequently observed in the past, before single-use razors became available. In most cases, the zoophilic ectothrix Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton verrucosum are responsible for this type of infection. Read More

Mycoses 2009 Jan 21;52(1):67-71. Epub 2008 May 21.

Department of Clinical Medicine and Immunological Sciences, Dermatology Section, Siena University, Siena, Italy.

Fourteen cases of dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum gypseum, representing 6.8% of all dermatophytic infections reported, were diagnosed in Siena, Italy, between 2005 and 2006. There were as follows: six cases of tinea corporis, one case of tinea corporis associated with tinea capitis, one case of tinea corporis associated with tinea barbae, one kerion on the head, one tinea cruris, one tinea faciei, one tinea barbae, two onychomycosis. Read More

Mycoses 2008 Jul 16;51(4):345-6. Epub 2008 Apr 16.

Kerion-like lesions are usually caused by zoophilic dermatophytes. Here, we present a rare case report - an inflammatory tinea barbae due to an anthropophilic fungus (Trichophyton rubrum), which is the main pathogen of onychomycosis and tinea pedis. Probably the infection, in the presented case, spread from diseased fingernails. Read More

Ann Saudi Med 2001 May-Jul;21(3-4):193-5

Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical College, El-Fateh University, Tripoli, Libya.

Background: Our objective in this study was to obtain information on the prevalence of fungi responsible for superficial mycoses in the region of Tripoli, Libya.

Patients And Methods: Skin scrapings collected from 2224 patients attending the Dermatology Clinic at Tripoli Medical Center with suspected clinical symptoms of fungal involvement were investigated in a 28-month study period, from August 1997 to December 1999. Direct microscopy was carried out with a 20% KOH preparation, and cultures were performed in petri dishes on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with cycloheximide 0. Read More

Arch Dermatol 2006 Aug;142(8):1059-64

Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.

Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2006 Apr;150(13):729

Academisch Medisch Centrum/Universiteit van Amsterdam, afd. Dermatologie, Postbus 22.660, 1100 DD Amsterdam.

A 61-year-old man developed tinea barbae (kerion barbae) caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes varietas interdigitale following prolonged intensive care treatment for septic shock and meningitis. Whenever a suppurative folliculitis develops, fungal infection is a possible cause. Read More

Mycoses 2005 Nov;48(6):425-9

Mycology Laboratory, Microbiology Department, Dermatology and Venereology Hospital A. Syggros, Athens, Greece.

This is a retrospective study on the superficial mycoses due to Trichophyton violaceum in the greater Athens area for the last 15 years - 1989-2003. During this period 104 patients were found to have an infection due to T. violaceum- an incidence rate of 0. Read More

Mycopathologia 2005 Aug;160(1):21-4

Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran.

Two hundred and seventy nine patients suspected of having fungal lesions were examined. Skin scrapping, hair samples and nail clippings were collected from patients. Direct and culture examinations were performed for all samples. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2005 Jul;44(7):588-9

Section of Dermatology, Department of Territorial Social Medicine and the Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.

J Dermatol 2003 Dec;30(12):898-903

Dermatology Service and Micology Department, General Hospital of Mexico, Dr. Balmis 148, col Doctores CP 06720, México D.F., Mexico.

Tinea barbae is a rare dermatophytosis that affects the hair and hair follicles of the beard and mustache. This paper presents 9 cases of tinea barbae observed over an 18-year period of time and classified as follows: 1 was superficial and 8 were deep (6 folliculitis-like and 2 kerion-like). Most of the cases (4) were associated with topical steroid therapy, others with pet contact (3 cases) and one with diabetes. Read More

Dermatol Nurs 2003 Dec;15(6):527-30, 534

Department of General Nursing, Mycological Laboratory, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.

In the years 1981-2000, the department of dermatology at the Medical University of Bialystok, Poland, carried out a retrospective study of common difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of tinea. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of incorrect diagnosis and therapy of tinea and tinea incognito (TI) in the patients hospitalized at the institution over a 19-year period. Tinea was identified in 814 patients (4. Read More

Nihon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi 2003 ;44(3):209-16

Shibaki Dermatology Clinic, Teine honcho 2-4, Teine-ku, Sapporo 006-0022.

Statistical analysis was made of a total of 5530 patients (6798 cases) of dermatophytoses presenting at our private clinic during the period 1992 to 2001. The number of patients and cases represents 8.0% and 9. Read More

Rev Iberoam Micol 2002 Mar;19(1):36-39

Centro de Salud El Valle, Jaén, España.

Prevalence of dermatophytosis, with respect to age and sex and dermatophyte species, in Jaen was investigated during a period of three years (1996-1999). The prevalence of dermatophytosis over three years was 4.48 cases / 1000 inhabitants. Read More

Mycoses 2003 Feb;46(1-2):60-3

Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany.

A deep absceding infection is reported of the inframandibular part of the face of a 22-year-old male student due to a zoophilic strain of Trichophyton interdigitale. The fungus was probably acquired from the cat of the patient. Initial therapy by a general practitioner was with topical glucocorticoids and oral antihistaminica. Read More

Am Fam Physician 2003 Jan;67(1):101-8

Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.

Dermatophytes are fungi that require keratin for growth. These fungi can cause superficial infections of the skin, hair, and nails. Dermatophytes are spread by direct contact from other people (anthropophilic organisms), animals (zoophilic organisms), and soil (geophilic organisms), as well as indirectly from fomites. Read More

Mycoses 2002 Apr;45(3-4):101-4

Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical College, Al-Fateh University, Tripoli, Libya.

This study sought to determine the prevalence of skin infections and their causative agents in the Libyan population. Samples were collected from 2224 patients attending the Dermatology Clinics of the Tripoli Medical Centre (TMC) between August 1997 and December 1999 and were submitted to a mycology laboratory for analysis. Diagnosis was confirmed by microscopic examination in 1180 cases (53. Read More

Eur J Dermatol 2002 May-Jun;12(3):272-4

Department of Dermatology, Prefectural Gifu Hospital, 4-6-1 Noishiki, Gifu City, 500-8717, Japan.

A 25 year-old male, a dairy farmer, had noticed an annular scaly erythema on the left cheek since 3 weeks, and visited a dermatological clinic for the eruption. Diagnosis of tinea faciei was made and he was treated with oral anti-histamine medicine and by topical application of anti-fungal ointment. However, the eruption worsened and enlarged so that he visited the department of dermatology of Kumiai Hospital on October 19, 1997. Read More

Mycoses 2001 ;44(7-8):334-7

Dermatophyte infections due to Trichopkyton verrucosum are not frequent in Europe. Six cases observed in Italy in the period 1995-99 are reported. Two were cases of tinea barbae, two of tinea corporis and two of tinea capitis, one of which had been preceded by tinea faciei. Read More