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BMC Res Notes 2020 Jul 6;13(1):324. Epub 2020 Jul 6.

Taif University School of Medicine, Taif, Saudi Arabia.

Objective: Hyperthyroidism is the excessive synthesis of thyroid hormones. Thyroid uptake scans and ultrasonography provide an accurate diagnosis of hyperthyroidism, especially when thyroid receptor antibody (TRAb) measurement is not readily available. This study explored the prevalence of various hyperthyroidism causes using retrospective scintigraphy results and evaluated their relationship with clinical, biochemical, and sonographic imaging parameters from patients who underwent Tc-pertechnetate thyroid scans between 2016 and 2019 in Taif, Saudi Arabia, where literature is insufficient. Read More

Case Rep Neurol 2020 May-Aug;12(2):140-147. Epub 2020 May 20.

Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.

A 31-year-old woman presented with sudden onset of weakness in her left upper limb. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed acute cerebral infarctions in the right frontal and parietal lobes. Magnetic resonance angiography showed stenosis in the proximal portions of the bilateral middle cerebral arteries and terminal portions of the bilateral internal carotid arteries. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020 08;105(8)

Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.

Context: The potential for endocrine care via telemedicine has been recognized since the early 2000s when clinical outcome data demonstrated improvements in glycemic control with telemedicine. The widespread use of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic has pushed telemedicine beyond diabetes care and into clinical areas with a paucity of published data. The evaluation and treatment of thyrotoxicosis heavily relies on laboratory assessment and imaging with physical exam playing a role to help differentiate the etiology and assess the severity of thyrotoxicosis. Read More

AACE Clin Case Rep 2020 Mar-Apr;6(2):e70-e72. Epub 2019 Dec 20.

Objective: To describe the case of a man who developed amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) after a total thyroidectomy for metastatic follicular thyroid cancer because of the effect of the drug on metastasis. To the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case of this condition.

Methods: We completed a retrospective review of medical records and laboratory results including thyroid function tests as well as imaging reports including plain radiographs, positron emission tomographs, computed tomographs, and histology reports. Read More

Ann Intern Med 2020 Apr;172(7):ITC49-ITC64

University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado (M.T.M.).

Thyrotoxicosis is a general term for excess circulating and tissue thyroid hormone levels, whereas hyperthyroidism specifically denotes disorders involving a hyperactive thyroid gland (Graves disease, toxic multinodular goiter, toxic adenoma). Diagnosis and determination of the cause rely on clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Hyperthyroidism is treated with antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine ablation, or thyroidectomy. Read More

Einstein (Sao Paulo) 2020 23;18:eRC5273. Epub 2020 Mar 23.

Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

Acute suppurative thyroiditis is a very rare and life-threatening endocrine emergency. Thyrotoxicosis is a rare condition accompanying acute suppurative thyroiditis. While the majority of the cases in the literature are caused by different reasons, spontaneous development is very rare. Read More

Gland Surg 2020 Feb;9(1):124-135

Division of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.

Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland produces and secretes inappropriately high amounts of thyroid hormone which can lead to thyrotoxicosis. The prevalence of hyperthyroidism in the United States is approximately 1.2%. Read More

Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2020 Mar 13;2020. Epub 2020 Mar 13.

Department of Endocrinology, Croydon University Hospital, London, UK.

Summary: A 33-year-old female presented with a right 11.6 cm ovarian cyst. Routine pre-operative thyroid function tests showed thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) of less than 0. Read More

J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2020 Jun 19;20:100221. Epub 2020 Feb 19.

Division of Endocrinology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.

Background: Non-thyroid malignancies that metastasize to the thyroid gland are relatively rare. At one end of the spectrum they may only be identified at the time of autopsy. At the other extreme, they may be identified during the evaluation of a progressive malignancy. Read More

Clin Otolaryngol 2020 Jul 20;45(4):538-544. Epub 2020 Apr 20.

ENT Consultant, Surrey & Sussex NHS Trust, Redhill, UK.

Introduction: Hyperthyroidism (HT) has been associated with no insignificant rates of thyroid malignancy. There are no current specific guidelines that suggest routine preoperative imaging for thyroid nodules in patients with Grave's disease. We therefore performed a systematic review assessing rates of thyroid malignancy in patients undergoing surgery for different causes of HT: Grave's disease (GD), toxic adenoma (TA) and toxic multinodular goitre (TMNG). Read More

Thyroid 2020 Jun 17;30(6):847-856. Epub 2020 Mar 17.

Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy.

No direct prospective studies comparing laser ablation (LA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for debulking benign non-functioning thyroid nodules (BNTNs) exist. We aimed at comparing the efficacy and safety of both techniques in patients with solid or predominantly solid BNTN. This six-month, single-use, randomized, open-label, parallel trial compared the following primary endpoints between the RFA and LA groups six months after treatment: (i) nodule volume reduction expressed as a percentage of nodule volume at baseline; (ii) proportion of nodules with more than 50% reduction (successful rate). Read More

AACE Clin Case Rep 2019 Nov-Dec;5(6):e388-e392. Epub 2019 Aug 28.

Objective: In rare instances, cytopenias manifest as a complication of thyrotoxicosis. Here, we report a case of Graves disease (GD) thyrotoxicosis presenting as pancytopenia that resolved with antithyroid therapy.

Methods: A 35-year-old male presented with fever and chills following an outpatient colonoscopy. Read More

AACE Clin Case Rep 2019 Nov-Dec;5(6):e365-e368. Epub 2019 Aug 14.

Objective: Acute suppurative thyroiditis (AST) is frequently caused by anatomic abnormalities, including branchial cleft cysts. Patients with AST are typically euthyroid, but thyrotoxicosis may occur. Thyroid antibodies are usually not present in AST. Read More

AACE Clin Case Rep 2019 Jan-Feb;5(1):e35-e39. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Objective: Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) is an unusual cause of hypoglycemia in individuals without underlying diseases. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has rarely been applied for IAS. We present a case of IAS with available 6-day CGM data. Read More

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2020 02 5;92(2):169-178. Epub 2019 Dec 5.

Clinic for Nuclear Medicine and Competence Thyroid Centre, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland.

Objective: Graves' disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. In many cases, when the aetiological diagnosis of GD is not evident based on the clinical evaluation and thyroid function testing, it may become challenging to distinguish Graves' hyperthyroidism from other forms of thyrotoxicosis. The current study was primarly carried out to compare the diagnostic effectiveness of two TSH receptor antibody immunoassays (IMAs), ultrasonography and thyroid scintigraphy in hyperthyroidism scenario. Read More

Case Rep Endocrinol 2019 9;2019:2475843. Epub 2019 Oct 9.

Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Background: Thyroid storm is a severe manifestation of thyrotoxicosis and can present with multiorgan failure. First line treatment of thyroid storm is directed towards decreasing thyroid hormone production and peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, and treating adrenergic symptoms. When medical therapy fails, plasmapheresis is an alternative treatment option. Read More

Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2019 Oct 12;2019. Epub 2019 Oct 12.

Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Summary: Programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4/B7 (CTLA-4/B7) pathways are key regulators in T-cell activation and tolerance. Nivolumab, pembrolizumab (PD-1 inhibitors), atezolizumab (PD-L1 inhibitor) and ipilimumab (CTLA-4 inhibitor) are monoclonal antibodies approved for treatment of several advanced cancers. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-related hypophysitis is described more frequently in patients treated with anti-CTLA-4; however, recent studies reported an increasing prevalence of anti-PD-1/PD-L1-induced hypophysitis which also exhibits slightly different clinical features. Read More

Pol Merkur Lekarski 2019 Sep;47(279):103-105

Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.

Hypercalcaemia is associated with a number of symptoms that appear in of various parts of body systems. Renal dysfunction or cardiovascular abnormalities present only a part of the multidirectional action of the disturbed calcium balance. It is important for every diagnosis to know the cause of this condition and the mechanism that is responsible in a given situation for the distribution of calcium ions. Read More

Case Rep Oncol 2019 May-Aug;12(2):581-588. Epub 2019 Jul 24.

Department of Endocrinology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Radiation-induced thyroid dysfunction following oncologic treatment is not uncommon, however limited literature data has been found on patients that underwent chemotherapy only. A change in thyrometabolic autoimmune status is also a rare entity. We present a case of newly diagnosed Graves' thyrotoxicosis following a successful R-CHOP (Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicine, Vincristine and Prednisone) treatment in a patient with concurrent abdominal and thyroid diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Read More

Arch Endocrinol Metab 2019 2;63(5):495-500. Epub 2019 Sep 2.

Department of Endocrinology, SKIMS, Srinagar, India.

Objectives: The differentiation between the various etiologies of thyrotoxicosis, including those with hyperthyroidism (especially Graves' disease [GD], the most common cause of hyperthyroidism) and without hyperthyroidism (like thyroiditis), is an important step in planning specific therapy. Technetium-99m (99mTc) pertechnetate thyroid scanning is the gold standard in differentiating GD from thyroiditis. However, this technique has limited availability, is contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation, and is not helpful in cases with history of recent exposure to excess iodine. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Aug 28;12(8). Epub 2019 Aug 28.

Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

A 45-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of involuntary weight loss, anorexia, postural dizziness and intermittent fever. On investigation, he was found to have parathyroid hormone (PTH)-independent hypercalcaemia, with negative workup for 25-hydroxyvitamin D or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D excess, thyrotoxicosis, multiple myeloma and bony metastases. On further evaluation, he was detected to have primary hypoadrenalism with bilateral adrenal enlargement, secondary to adrenal histoplasmosis. Read More

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019 Nov 7;46(12):2514-2525. Epub 2019 Aug 7.

Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, David Grant Medical Center, Vacaville, CA, USA.

Introduction: Scintigraphic evaluation of the thyroid gland enables determination of the iodine-123 iodide or the Tc-pertechnetate uptake and distribution and remains the most accurate method for the diagnosis and quantification of thyroid autonomy and the detection of ectopic thyroid tissue. In addition, thyroid scintigraphy and radioiodine uptake test are useful to discriminate hyperthyroidism from destructive thyrotoxicosis and iodine-induced hyperthyroidism, respectively.

Methods: Several radiopharmaceuticals are available to help in differentiating benign from malignant cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules and for supporting clinical decision-making. Read More

Cureus 2019 May 22;11(5):e4718. Epub 2019 May 22.

Radiology and Imaging, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University Medical Center, Augusta, USA.

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is ovarian enlargement secondary to hormones overstimulating ovarian growth. It can be associated with a spectrum of other clinical findings, including ascites, hemoconcentration, hypercoagulability, and electrolyte imbalances. OHSS most commonly occurs as a complication of treatment with in vitro fertilization medications, such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists. Read More

Intern Med 2019 Nov 10;58(21):3121-3123. Epub 2019 Jul 10.

Department of Internal Medicine, Kamijo Thyroid Clinic, Japan.

We herein report a rare case of a 41-year-old woman with painless thyroiditis who was positive for thyrotropin (TSH) receptor-blocking (TBAbs) and receptor-stimulating autoantibodies (TSAbs) in the thyrotoxic phase. Her serum thyroid hormone levels were high, and TSH was undetectable. The low uptake of Tc led to the diagnosis of painless thyroiditis. Read More

J UOEH 2019 ;41(2):165-170

First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan.

A 74-year-old woman with a left neck mass and thyrotoxicosis was referred to our hospital, and was later diagnosed with Marine-Lenhart syndrome based on positivity for thyroid autoantibodies, ultrasonographically evident left lobe thyroid nodule with increased blood flow, and scintigraphically identified not only increased tumor-like accumulation but also diffused uptake. Disease control was difficult despite administration of antithyroid drugs, so subtotal thyroidectomy was performed. No hyperplastic changes or histopathological findings characteristic of Graves disease were evident on histopathology, so Plummer disease was considered to be dominant. Read More

Probl Endokrinol (Mosk) 2019 06 30;65(2):95-100. Epub 2019 Jun 30.

Endocrinology Research Centre.

We report a case of 50-year-old woman with thyroid hormone resistance syndrome. For 20 years this patient have been treated for autoimmune thyrotoxicosis: she underwent thyroid surgery and then was on thyroid-blocking therapy. Repeated laboratory tests demonstrated elevated serum thyroid hormones concentrations and elevated TSH concentration. Read More

Clin Imaging 2019 Nov - Dec;58:27-33. Epub 2019 Jun 14.

Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences - Section of Diagnostic Imaging, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy.

Purpose: To prospectively evaluate image quality and diagnostic efficacy of a low radiation-high contrast (LR-HC) CT Enterography (CTE) in active Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD).

Materials And Methods: Eighty-five (36M; 49F; 17-75 yrs) patients with active IBD underwent contrast-enhanced CTE and were stratified in two groups according to age (< or ≥45 yrs): Group A (N = 45; 32 ± 9 yrs; 58 ± 10 kg) and Group B (N = 40; 58 ± 10 yrs; 61 ± 13 kg). Each group received a different amount of radiation (Noise Index, NI) and non-ionic iodinated contrast media (LOCM) as follows: Group A (NI = 15; 2. Read More

J Endocr Soc 2019 Jul 24;3(7):1261-1274. Epub 2019 Apr 24.

Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Context: Coma is a serious manifestation of thyroid storm (TS) about which little is known.

Objective: To describe the features, duration, treatment response, and prognosis of coma in the setting of TS.

Design: Aggregate analysis of individual English-language case reports of coma in the setting of TS from 1935 to January 2019. Read More

BMC Endocr Disord 2019 Jun 6;19(1):56. Epub 2019 Jun 6.

Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.

Background: Thyrotoxicosis is often caused by destructive thyroiditis (DT) or Graves' disease (GD), and a prompt and accurate differential diagnosis for thyrotoxicosis is needed as management strategy differs. A meta-analysis of published literature was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy for differentiating GD from DT patients by the measurement of mean peak systolic velocity of superior thyroid artery (STA-PSV) using ultrasonography.

Methods: The databases of Embase, Pubmed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Wanfang, and CNKI were retrieved without time limit to identify eligible studies. Read More

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2019 Jun;29(6):S5-S7

Department of Endocrinology, Yangzhou University Affiliated Jiangdu People's Hospital of Yangzhou City, China.

A 55-year female patient presented with subacute thyroiditis (SAT) with a unique dynamic evolution, along with changes in the level of antithyroglobulin antibody, which has been rarely reported. Her thyrotoxicosis gradually worsened over the next three months. Severe hypothyroidism then rapidly developed and did not resolve. Read More

Endocr Pathol 2019 Jun;30(2):163-167

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Six Founders Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4283, USA.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors act to restore T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. By this nature, these cancer immunotherapy drugs are associated with various immune-related adverse events such as thyroid dysfunction. We describe a case of thyrotoxicosis secondary to a programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor, pembrolizumab. Read More

Magn Reson Imaging 2019 07 7;60:164-172. Epub 2019 May 7.

Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.

Purpose: After an endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR), a follow-up at 1, 6 and every 12 months is recommended for remainder of the patient's life. The diagnostic standard methods for diagnosing endoleaks and visualization of aneurysms in EVAR-patients are: invasive digital subtraction angiography (DSA), contrast enhanced (CE) computed tomographic angiography (CE-CTA), and magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA). These techniques, however, require the use of iodine- or gadolinium-based contrast agents with rare, but possibly life threatening side effects such as renal impairment, thyrotoxicosis and allergic reactions, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, and cerebral gadolinium deposition. Read More

Eur J Endocrinol 2019 Apr 1. Epub 2019 Apr 1.

I Chiodini, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

An underlying disease affecting bone health is present in up to 40% and 60% of osteoporotic post-menopausal women and men respectively. Among the disorders leading to a secondary form of osteoporosis, the endocrine diseases are highly represented. A frequent finding in patients affected with an endocrine-related forms of bone disease is that the skeletal fragility is partially independent of the bone density, since the fracture risk in these patients is related more to a reduction of bone quality than to a decrease of bone mass. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Apr 29;12(4). Epub 2019 Apr 29.

Endocrinology and Metabolism, IPGME&R and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Thyrotoxicosis factitia, a disorder frequently seen in young or middle-aged women with psychological disorders, most commonly results from surreptitious ingestion of excess thyroid hormones. In most patients, diagnosis is relatively straightforward and depends on the demonstration of biochemical thyrotoxicosis, suppressed endogenous thyroid function and absence of clinical features of underlying thyroid disease. However, at times, confounding factors can make the diagnosis particularly challenging and necessitate the investigating physician to don the detective's cap to get to the root of the problem. Read More

Endocr Relat Cancer 2019 07;26(7):R395-R413

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

Thyrotoxicosis with concomitant thyroid cancer is rare and poorly recognized, which may result in delayed diagnosis, inappropriate treatment and even poor prognosis. To provide a comprehensive guidance for clinicians, the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of this challenging setting were systematically reviewed. According to literatures available, the etiologies of thyrotoxicosis with concomitant thyroid cancer were categorized into Graves' disease with concurrent differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) or medullary thyroid cancer, Marine-Lenhart Syndrome with coexisting DTC, Plummer's disease with concomitant DTC, amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis with concomitant DTC, central hyperthyroidism with coexisting DTC, hyperfunctioning metastases of DTC and others. Read More

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2019 Jan-Dec;33:2058738419843690

Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico 'G. Rodolico', Catania, Italy.

Alemtuzumab, an anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody, is effective in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Common adverse effects include the development of autoimmune diseases, and Graves' disease is one of the most frequent presentations. We report here a case of alemtuzumab-induced thyroid disease in a female patient who showed a phase of thyrotoxicosis with positive anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg) and anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies, but a negative TSH receptor antibody, spontaneously followed by hypothyroidism. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Mar;98(9):e14675

Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Central South University.

Rational: Thyroid hormone resistance (RTH) is a rare disease that is characterised by a lowered sensitivity of the target organs to thyroid hormone. Herein, we present 3 cases of confirmed RTH, with the support of clinical lab results and/or gene sequencing at diagnosis.

Patient Concerns: The 3 included patients were found to have elevated levels of free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4), and non-supressed levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Feb;98(8):e14606

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry.

Rationale: Thyroid hemiagenesis is a rare congenital dysplasia, whereas a variety of pathological changes may occur in residual thyroid lobe. The most frequently described pathology in residual thyroid lobe is Graves' hyperthyroidism. Although I therapy has been generally recommended as the preferred treatment for Graves' disease (GD), subjects relating to hemiagenesis are very limited, especially in China. Read More

Endocrine 2019 06 25;64(3):605-613. Epub 2019 Feb 25.

Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.

Purpose: Nivolumab is a monoclonal antibody that blocks the activation of programmed death-1 receptor, promoting T-cell activation against cancer cells. Thyroid dysfunction (TD) is a common immune-related adverse event (irAE) induced by nivolumab. We report the prevalence, patterns and outcomes of nivolumab-induced TD among cancer patients in our center. Read More

J Crit Care Med (Targu Mures) 2019 Jan 4;5(1):34-39. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureş, Romania.

Introduction: A hypercalcaemic crisis, also called para thyrotoxicosis, hyper parathyroid crisis or parathyroid storm, is a complication of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and an endocrinology emergency that can have dramatic or even fatal consequences if it is not recognised and treated in time.

Case Presentation: Two cases presented in the emergency department with critical hypercalcaemic symptoms and severe elevation of serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels, consistent with a hypercalcaemic crisis. The first case, a 16-year-old female patient, had imaging data that highlighted a single right inferior parathyroid adenoma and a targeted surgical approach was used. Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2019 Apr;44(4):327-329

From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine.

A 66-year-old man with follicular thyroid cancer after total thyroidectomy was referred for I therapy. Thyroid function tests before I administration exhibited severe thyrotoxicosis although the patient did not take levothyroxine after thyroidectomy. A 185 MBq I whole-body scintigraphy and SPECT/CT revealed multiple iodine-avid pulmonary metastases with the largest tumor diameter of 1. Read More

Endocr Pathol 2019 Mar;30(1):74-80

Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Thyrotropin (TSH)-secreting pituitary tumors are the rarest functioning pituitary tumors. Nonetheless, they are not infrequently plurihormonal, as they may express/secrete hormones made by other pituitary cells derived from the Pit-1 lineage such as growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and α-subunit (αSU). However, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) or gonadotropin secretion by such a tumor is exceptional. Read More

Heart Lung 2019 Jul - Aug;48(4):347-350. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Jiefang Road 1095, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China. Electronic address:

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a scarce but fatal complication in Graves' disease (GD). Silent myocardial infarction (MI) associated with GD has never been reported. A 37-year-old male patient was admitted due to poorly controlled hyperthyroidism and persistent fever. Read More

Medicina (Kaunas) 2018 Nov 26;54(6). Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Regional Lambayeque, Chiclayo, Lambayeque 14012, Peru.

Thyrotoxicosis and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) both may present as endocrine emergencies and may have devastating consequences if not diagnosed and managed promptly and effectively. The combination of diabetes mellitus (DM) with thyrotoxicosis is well known, and one condition usually precedes the other. Furthermore, thyrotoxicosis is complicated by some degree of cardiomyopathy in at least 5% de patients; but the coexistence of DKA, thyroxin (T₄) toxicosis, and acute cardiomyopathy is extremely rare. Read More

Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2019 Apr 14;33(2):241-249. Epub 2018 Nov 14.

Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, University Hospital of Nancy, 29 avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, Nancy, 54035, France.

Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for cancer has become increasingly prescribed in recent years. Indeed, it is used to treat both solid and hematological malignancies due to their considerable potential in treating melanoma, non-small cell lung and other cancers. Immune-mediated related adverse endocrine toxicity, and especially thyroiditis, is seen as a growing problem needing specific screening and management. Read More

Am J Ther 2019 Sep/Oct;26(5):e644-e645

Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Medical Center, Bridgeport, CT.

Heart Lung Circ 2019 Aug 12;28(8):1190-1196. Epub 2018 Sep 12.

Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address:

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) occurs in 35% to 65% of hyperthyroid patients. Despite this high frequency, only a few authors have examined the effects of hyperthyroidism treatment on PAH and the right ventricle. We evaluated the effects of hyperthyroidism and its reversal on cardiovascular structure and function using Doppler echocardiography. Read More

Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2018 Dec 18;79(6):608-617. Epub 2018 Aug 18.

Service d'endocrinologie, CHU de Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.

Diagnostic procedure in suspected Graves' disease has never been studied scientifically and actual practice seems quite variable, notably between countries. Recommendations are few and weak (expert opinion). This article presents the recommendations of an expert consensus meeting organized by the French Society of Endocrinology in 2016. Read More

Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2018 Jul 20;162. Epub 2018 Jul 20.

Scheper Ziekenhuis, afd. Endocrinologie, Emmen.

Background: Thyrotoxicosis and orbitopathy are the best-known expressions of Graves' disease. There are also rarer and less-known phenomena, such as thymic hyperplasia. Identification of these is important in order to avoid potentially unnecessary invasive interventions. Read More