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Autoimmun Rev 2019 Jan 10. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy. Electronic address:

Graves' disease (GD) and autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) are the two main clinical presentations of AITD, and their clinical hallmarks are thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism, respectively. GD, and AT, can be associated with other organ specific, or systemic autoimmune diseases in the same patient. However discordant results have been reported in the literature about the possible associations. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019 Jan 8;16(1). Epub 2019 Jan 8.

Paediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy.

Background: Ophthalmopathy is a rare extra-thyroid manifestation of Graves' disease, in paediatrics. Intravenous corticosteroids are the main treatment of moderate-to-severe Graves' orbitopathy. In this paper, we describe a moderate-to-severe active Graves' ophthalmopathy in a child and the response to oral therapy with prednisone. Read More

Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2019 Jan;59:15-20

Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.

"New Therapeutic Targets" is the theme of articles in the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 59. Reviews in this volume discuss targets for a variety of conditions in need of new therapies, including type 2 diabetes, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, obesity, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, tinnitus, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, pain, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, muscle wasting diseases, cancer, and anemia associated with chronic renal disease. Numerous articles in this volume focus on the identification, validation, and utility of novel therapeutic targets, in particular, ones that involve new or unexpected molecular entities. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2019 Jan 8;19(1). Epub 2019 Jan 8.

Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355, Poznan, Poland.

Background: Thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) constitutes an immune-mediated inflammation of the orbital tissues of unclear etiopathogenesis. TAO is most prevalent in hyperthyroid patients with Graves' disease (GD); however, severe cases of orbitopathy associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) have rarely been described.

Case Presentation: Herewith we report an unusual case of a middle-aged clinically and biochemically euthyroid woman with a stable HT, who developed a severe unilateral left-sided TAO. Read More

Clin Exp Med 2019 Jan 4. Epub 2019 Jan 4.

Immunoendocrinology, EndoMed, Bem tér 18/C., Debrecen, 4026, Hungary.

Graves' disease is an organ-specific autoimmune disease with hyperthyroidism, diffuse goiter and autoantibodies against TSH receptor, thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and/or thyroglobulin (Tg). Graves' hyperthyroidism is characterized by T dominance due to the conversion of T into T through type 1 and 2 deiodinase enzymes (DIO1, DIO2). Methimazole (MMI) and propylthiouracil (PTU) therapies inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis blocking the activity of deiodinase and TPO enzymes. Read More

Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2019 Jan 3:1-15. Epub 2019 Jan 3.

a Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital , Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.

Programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, PD-L1, as negative co-stimulatory molecules, are indispensable for regulating both physiological and pathological immune responses. The PD-1/PD-L1-mediated signaling pathway has been studied extensively in cancer research and has become a hotspot for biopharmaceuticals and immunotherapy. Furthermore, monoclonal antibodies to PD-1 have just been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat certain types of malignancies. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2018 22;2018:4845894. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.

Background: Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is a complicated autoimmune disease. Various therapies have been used to manage GO; however the optimum therapy is not clear. Glucocorticoids (GCs) therapy is the mainstay of treatment especially for active moderate to severe patients, which needs evidence-based support. Read More

Eur Thyroid J 2018 Nov 20;7(6):289-293. Epub 2018 Jul 20.

Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

Background: Deiodinase type 2 (DIO2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the production of the active form of thyroid -hormone triiodothyronine (T3) from thyroxine (T4) and is important for maintaining intracellular T3 levels. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DIO2 were associated with several diseases. The association of SNPs in DIO2 with Graves' disease (GD) was suggested in 2 Russian studies. Read More

Clin Ophthalmol 2018 27;12:2415-2421. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Department of Ophthalmology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan,

Purpose: This study was performed to observe changes prospectively in exophthalmos and orbital fat in patients with inactive thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) treated with bimatoprost.

Methods: In this 12-month single-treatment pilot observational study, 13 patients with inactive-phase TAO were administered bimatoprost to treat exophthalmos due to TAO. Exophthalmos values and orbital tissue volumes were measured on MRI by technicians in a masked fashion. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018 Dec 18. Epub 2018 Dec 18.

Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center.

J Cell Biochem 2018 Dec 19. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, China.

Objective: The objective of this study was to study the levels of interleukin (IL)-15 and IL-17 in tears and orbital tissues of the patients with the Graves ophthalmopathy (GO) (active and inactive stages) and in controls.

Methods: Twenty-four active GO patients (CAS ≥ 3/7) were collected in our research. All patients were treated with corticosteroids during the therapy process (4-15 months) and developed into the inactive phase (CAS ≤ 2/7). Read More

Gene 2018 Dec 15;691:132-140. Epub 2018 Dec 15.

Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China. Electronic address:

Background/aim: Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by an increased volume of adipose/connective tissue. This study aims to explore whether steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) is implicated in development of TAO through the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway.

Methods: Initially, we extracted orbital preadipocytes from 10 TAO patients for culture and identification. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018 Dec 17. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland.

Orbit 2018 Dec 18:1-6. Epub 2018 Dec 18.

c Medical Faculty, Medical Biochemistry Department , Yıldırım Beyazıt University , Ankara , Turkey.

Purpose: To evaluate thiol-disulfide homeostasis (TDH) and its relationship with clinical findings in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO).

Methods: This study included 52 patients with GO and 34 healthy controls. Tests of TDH were conducted using the novel automated spectrophotometric method. Read More

J Curr Ophthalmol 2018 Dec 19;30(4):353-358. Epub 2018 Jul 19.

Eye Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the demographics, clinical features, severity, and activity of thyroid eye disease (TED) in patients of a referral center in the north of Iran.

Methods: Patients with TED who were referred to Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Rasht, Iran from March 2012 to March 2014 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The measurements of proptosis, lid width, lagophthalmos, extraocular muscle function, and visual acuity were recorded. Read More

J Oncol Pract 2018 Dec;14(12):747-749

Inova Fairfax Hospital and Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Falls Church, VA; and Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Eye (Lond) 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 200011, Shanghai, China.

Thyroid-associated ophthalmoapthy (TAO) is the most common orbital disease. As an autoimmune disorder, it is caused by self-reactive lymphocytes that escape immune tolerance, but the mechanism is not fully understood. The basic process of TAO is the infiltration of immune cells in orbital tissues, the activation of orbital fibroblasts (OFs), and the proliferation and differentiation of OFs and lymphocytes. Read More

Endocrine 2018 Dec 1. Epub 2018 Dec 1.

Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) pulse administration on bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and the femoral neck in patients with moderate-to-severe Graves' orbitopathy (GO).

Methods: Thirty-five patients with GO in euthyreosis were treated with 12 IVMP pulses (6 × 0.5 g, 6 × 0. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai.

Context: Unique features of local immunity in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) may affect disease progression.

Objective: To investigate the association between the orbital immune microenvironment and TAO development.

Design/setting/participants: TAO and control orbital connective tissues were collected. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 11 27;11:CD012984. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London, UK, EC1V 2PD.

Background: Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune disorder that constitutes a major clinical and therapeutic challenge. Current treatment options for moderate-to-severe TED include immunotherapy, orbital radiotherapy and decompression surgery. Limited drugs of proven efficacy are available for the treatment of people with TED. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2018 Nov 23;18(1):305. Epub 2018 Nov 23.

Department of Ophthalmology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, 34098, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey.

Background: Previous techniques resulted with low rates of successful fusion after the surgeries and high necessity of additional surgeries in the treatment of thyroid orbitopathy related strabismus. In this study, reviewing the results of our patients who had surgical correction with relaxed muscle positioning technique due to thyroid orbitopathy related strabismus to evaluate the effectiveness of the surgery was aimed.

Methods: The medical records of 8 patients who had surgical correction with intraoperative relaxed muscle positioning (IRMP) technique were studied retrospectively. Read More

Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2019 01 1;24:35-47. Epub 2019 Jan 1.

Division for Specific Endocrinology, Medical Faculty, University of Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.

Graves' disease (GD) is the most common cause for hyperthyroidism in iodine-replete areas. The disease is caused by the appearance of stimulating TSH receptor autoantibodies (TRAb) leading to hyperthyroidism. Blocking and neutral TRAb have, however, also been described. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2018 Nov 21;18(1):303. Epub 2018 Nov 21.

Department of Ophthalmology and Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea.

Background: To investigate the concentrations of oxidative stress markers, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyquanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA), in tears and their correlation with the clinical activity score (CAS) in patients with Graves' orbitopathy (GO) according to disease activity.

Methods: We recruited 27 participants with inactive stage GO, 35 participants with active stage GO, and 25 healthy controls without GO. The tear concentrations of 8-OHdG and MDA were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2018 Nov 20:1-4. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

a Department of Internal Medicine , Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital , Dijon , France.

Purpose: To discuss the use of tocilizumab in mild to severe Graves' ophthalmopathy as corticosteroid-adjunctive therapy.

Methods: Retrospective case reports.

Results: Three patients with corticosteroid-resistant or advanced diplopia-associated Graves' ophthalmopathy were subsequently treated with monthly intravenous tocilizumab at a dose of 8 mg/kg. Read More

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2018 Nov;55(6):355

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019 Feb;104(2):581-594

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Context: Orbital tissues in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy exhibit particular reactivity and undergo characteristic remodeling. Mechanisms underlying these changes have remained largely unexplained. Studies have characterized orbital connective tissues and derivative fibroblasts to gain insights into local manifestations of a systemic autoimmune syndrome. Read More

Acta Clin Croat 2018 Jun;57(2):301-306

Department of Ophthalmology, Rijeka University Hospital Center, Rijeka, Croatia.

Thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) is a common manifestation of Graves' disease. The aim of the study was to assess the six percent of patients with TAO that develop dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON), which is the most serious complication of TAO. As DON can cause perma-nent damage, it is essential to detect DON early when visual loss is still reversible. Read More

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2018 Nov/Dec;34(6):600-601

Exp Mol Pathol 2018 Nov 8;106:1-6. Epub 2018 Nov 8.

Department of Regenerative & Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, United States. Electronic address:

Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), a complication of Graves' disease (GD), is typified by orbital inflammation, ocular tissue expansion and remodeling and, ultimately, fibrosis. Orbital fibroblasts are key effectors of GO pathogenesis exhibiting exaggerated inflammatory and fibroproliferative responses to cytokines released by infiltrating immune cells. Activated orbital fibroblasts also produce inflammatory mediators that contribute to disease progression, facilitate the orbital trafficking of monocytes and macrophages, promote differentiation of matrix-producing myofibroblasts and stimulate accumulation of a hyaluronan-rich stroma, which leads to orbital tissue edema and fibrosis. Read More

J Endocr Soc 2018 Nov 17;2(11):1246-1250. Epub 2018 Sep 17.

Division of Endocrine and Diabetes, Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.

Mitral valve prolapse is a common disorder, but severe mitral regurgitation (MR) as a result of rupture of mitral valve chordae tendineae is a rare manifestation of thyrotoxic heart disease. There are limited reports with respect to the onset of severe MR as a complication of Graves disease. We report a case of a 60-year-old woman with Graves disease and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy as her past history. Read More

Eye (Lond) 2018 Nov 1. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.

Background/objectives: Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), an autoimmune component of Graves' disease, remains a disfiguring and potentially blinding condition. Here, the author reviews the role of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor pathway in TAO and how it might be therapeutically targeted.

Methods: The recent literature is reviewed. Read More

Endocr Pract 2018 Nov 1. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

From: 1Endocrine Institute, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.

Objective: Previous surveys from different world regions have demonstrated variations in the clinical management of Graves' disease (GD). We aim to investigate the clinical approach to GD relapse among endocrinologists.

Methods: Electronic questionnaires were e-mailed to all members of the Israeli Endocrine Society. Read More

Endocr Pract 2018 Nov 1. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

From: 1Institute of Endocrinology, Rabin Medical Center, 49100 Petah-Tikva, Israel.

Objective: Male gender is considered an adverse prognostic factor for remission of Graves' disease treatment with anti-thyroid drugs (ATD), though published data is conflicting. This often results in early consideration of radioiodine treatment and surgery for men. Our objective was to compare disease presentation and outcome in men versus women treated with ATDs. Read More

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2018 Oct 29. Epub 2018 Oct 29.

The Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.

Objective: Patients with hyperthyroidism lacking autoimmune features but showing diffuse uptake on thyroid scintigram can have either Graves' disease or germline activating TSH receptor (TSHR) mutation. It is important to identify patients with activating TSHR mutation due to treatment implication, but the overlapping clinical features with Graves' disease make it difficult to discriminate these two conditions without genetic testing. Our study aimed to assess the potential of systematic TSHR mutation screening in adults with hyperthyroidism, showing diffuse uptake on thyroid scintigraphy but absence of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb) and clinical signs of autoimmunity. Read More

DNA Cell Biol 2018 Nov 23;37(11):932-940. Epub 2018 Oct 23.

1 Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital , Shanghai, China .

The present study was to explore whether the polymorphisms of FAM167 A-BLK region are associated with the susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). The second sequencing technology was undertaken for seven tag loci mapping of the FAM167 A-BLK region, namely, rs11250144, rs2618431, rs4840568, rs13277113, rs2248932, rs2736340, and rs922483, in 999 AITD patients, including 624 Graves' disease (GD) and 375 Hashimoto's thyroiditis individuals, and 797 healthy cohorts. In contrast to those in controls, allele C of rs11250144 and allele G of rs2618431 both showed increased frequencies in GD patients. Read More

Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2018 Oct 16. Epub 2018 Oct 16.

Faculdade de Medicina, Pós-graduacão em Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

It has been suggested that technetium-99m (99mTc)-anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) scintigraphy (SCI) may be a useful diagnostic tool in Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). This study evaluated whether orbit total radioactivity uptake on SCI could be used to predict corticosteroid therapy (CorT) responses in active-GO patients. A longitudinal study of patients with active GO defined by Clinical Active Score (CAS) >3/7 was done. Read More

Int Med Case Rep J 2018 1;11:243-249. Epub 2018 Oct 1.

Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia,

Orbital decompression is a surgical procedure aimed at increasing the orbital volume and/or decreasing the volume of the orbital fat. The indications for orbital decompression are determined in the course of thorough eye examination. An important objective of examination of a patient with thyroid eye disease (TED) is determination of inflammation activity and severity. Read More

Ocul Surf 2018 Oct 7;16(4):458-462. Epub 2018 Jul 7.

Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Purpose: To compare the subjective versus Objective dry eye disease (DED) in patients with moderate-severe thyroid eye disease (TED).

Method: Included were the patients with moderate-severe TED and ≥18 years old. They completed the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire and had Schirmer, Tear breakup time (TBUT), fluorescein staining, osmolarity, corneal aesthesiometry, and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) tests. Read More

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019 Jan 25;90(1):192-199. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

Edinburgh Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Objective: Radioiodine (RAI) is an effective treatment for Graves' thyrotoxicosis but is associated with a failure rate of 15% and may be a risk factor for thyroid eye disease (TED) and weight gain. We sought to examine predictors of RAI failure, weight gain, TED and patient satisfaction.

Design: Retrospective cohort study. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2018 Dec 4;50(12):871-886. Epub 2018 Oct 4.

Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, MN, USA.

The course and pathogenesis of Graves' disease and Graves' ophthalmopathy are interdependent, influencing each other's therapeutic choices. Multiple factors including geographic location, access to medical services, patient and physician preferences influence the management of these conditions. Graves' disease is classically managed with one of three treatment options - antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, and thyroidectomy. Read More

Acta Ophthalmol 2018 Oct 3. Epub 2018 Oct 3.

Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Purpose: To examine the outcome of the use of donor sclera as spacer material in complicated cases of strabismus surgery.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study on patients with complicated thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) (n = 42) or congenital strabismus (n = 75). Patients underwent strabismus surgery during 1994-2014. Read More

Eur J Ophthalmol 2018 Oct 1:1120672118803516. Epub 2018 Oct 1.

Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Purpose: To report a case of inadvertent inferior oblique extirpation during orbital decompression, its management, and postoperative result.

Methods: A 38-year-old female with thyroid eye disease underwent cosmetic right orbital decompression during whichinferior oblique extirpation was noticed.

Result: The muscle was repaired on the same session (illustrated in the article) with no postoperative diplopia at 3-month follow-up. Read More

Int J Biol Sci 2018 7;14(11):1558-1570. Epub 2018 Sep 7.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.

The gut microbial association with host co-existence is critical for body homeostasis and pathogenicity. Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease manifested with hyperthyroidism and ophthalmopathy. However, we hypothesized that gut bacteria could affect an important role in GD pathogenicity. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2018 Sep 26;19(10). Epub 2018 Sep 26.

First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02097 Warsaw, Poland.

Hypercortisolemia is associated with increased risk of hypertension. Natural and synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) have different effects on blood pressure (BP). The effect of synthetic GCs on BP depends on the dose, treatment duration, type of GCs, and route of administration. Read More

Acta Clin Croat 2018 Mar;57(1):173-176

University Eye Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Care Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University in Osijek, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.

Dermis-fat graft has been proven as a useful replacement tissue for eyelid and orbit reconstruction, but there is no evidence in the literature that it can be used for correction of upper eyelid retraction. This is the first report that presents two cases (four eyelids) of dermis-fat graft usage as a spacer in the treatment of severe recurrent upper eyelid retraction due to Graves' orbitopathy. Improvement was achieved with minimum complications, patient symptoms were reduced, and the results were stable almost three years after the procedure. Read More

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019 Jan 23;90(1):175-183. Epub 2018 Oct 23.

Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.

Objective: Intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) is recommended as the first-line treatment for moderate-to-severe and active thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). This study aimed to identify potential predictors and establish a multivariable prediction model for the efficacy of IVMP therapy.

Design: A single-centre retrospective study. Read More

J Ophthalmol 2018 28;2018:5891531. Epub 2018 Aug 28.

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.

Objective: Clinical manifestations of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) are caused by the overcompression of orbital tissues within the restricted orbital bone cavity. Impaired ocular blood flow may disrupt the retinal microstructure and functions. In this study, we aimed to investigate the macular and choroidal thickness changes in GO compared with healthy subjects. Read More

Int J Ophthalmol 2018 18;11(9):1482-1488. Epub 2018 Sep 18.

Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang Province, China.

Aim: To uncover the underlying pathogenesis of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) and explore potential biomarkers of this disease.

Methods: The expression profile GSE9340, which was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database, included 18 specimens from 10 TAO patients and 8 hyperthyroidism patients without ophthalmopathy. The platform was HumanRef-8 v2 Expression BeadChip. Read More

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2018 Sep;54(9):688-693

Department of Ophthalmology, First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226000, China.

To compare the differences in the central macular choroidal thickness (CMCT) between thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) patients in active and inactive stages, and the healthy subjects used spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and assess the potential of using CMCT as an indicator for follow-up of TAO patients. Cross-sectional study. Eleven active stage TAO patients (22 eyes, active TAO group) and 21 inactive stage TAO patients (42 eyes, inactive TAO group) who received treatment at the Department of Ophthalmology, First People's Hospital of Nantong during January 2015 and December 2017 were enrolled. Read More

Trials 2018 Sep 15;19(1):495. Epub 2018 Sep 15.

Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Background: Graves' disease (GD) is characterized by thyrotoxicosis and goiter and arises through circulating autoantibodies that bind to, and stimulate, the thyroid hormone receptor (TSHR). A temporal relation between the onset of hyperthyroidism and the onset of ophthalmopathy, a common extrathyroidal manifestation, has been demonstrated. Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is typically characterized by an inflammation and expansion of the extraocular muscles and an increase in retroorbital fat. Read More