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Case Rep Endocrinol 2020 31;2020:2128093. Epub 2020 Mar 31.

Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14000, Mexico.

Synchronous parathyroid and papillary thyroid carcinoma are extremely rare. To our knowledge, only 15 cases have been reported in the last four decades. We describe a 50-year-old female without significant past medical or family history and no previous trauma presented with left heel pain that prompted her to seek medical attention. Read More

J Pak Med Assoc 2019 Aug;69(Suppl 3)(8):S45-S49

Department of Surgery, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq.

Objective: To define the value of clinical, imaging and histopathological investigations in the evaluation of solitary thyroid nodule, and to predict malignant risk or any abnormal functional activity.

Methods: The prospective study was conducted at AlYarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from March 2016 to March 2018, and comprised patients with thyroid nodule who underwent thyroidectomy. The patients were evaluated by history, clinical examination, thyroid isotope scan, thyroid ultrasonography, and fine needle aspiration cytology, and the results were correlated with post-operative histopathological examination. Read More

Acta Inform Med 2019 Jun;27(2):114-118

General/Family Medical Services, Public Healthcare Institution, Medical Centre Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Introduction: Pathology of thyroid nodules is present in all ages and it is frequently encountered in clinical practice. Thyroid nodules do not represent a single disease, but they are the clinical manifestation of a wide range of different thyroid diseases.

Aim: The objective of this study is to evaluate the frequency and localization of malignancy in solitary scintigraphic cold nodules, as well as the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of FNAB in comparison with histopathological findings. Read More

Pak J Med Sci 2019 Jul-Aug;35(4):1003-1007

Dr. Muhammad Ayoob Jat, Assistant Professor Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, KSA.

Objective: To assess the Solitary thyroid nodules by surgeon- performed ultrasound-guided FNAC and evaluate with the histopathological findings.

Methods: This study includes 100 Consecutive patients of a solitary thyroid nodule which were presented to the Outpatients Department of Surgery during the period of two years from September 2016 to August 2018. Exclusion criteria were patients with extra-thyroid swelling, diffuse goiter and multinodular goiter. Read More

Endocr Connect 2019 Aug;8(8):1195-1205

Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark.

Thyroid nodular disease is common, but predicting the risk of malignancy can be difficult. In this prospective study, we aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of shear wave elastography (SWE) in predicting thyroid malignancy. Patients with thyroid nodules were enrolled from a surgical tertiary unit. Read More

Hormones (Athens) 2019 Sep 28;18(3):321-324. Epub 2019 May 28.

Department of Nuclear Medicine and Thyroid Centre, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland.

Introduction: Over the last few years, several scientific societies have introduced specific evaluation systems to stratify the risk of malignancy of thyroid nodules. Most of these classifications have been created on the basis of ultrasonographic features of the commonest thyroid carcinoma histotype. Herein, we report a case of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma presenting at ultrasound (US) examination as an unsuspicious thyroid nodule associated with distant metastases, which was followed by the patient's death a short time later. Read More

Mymensingh Med J 2019 Apr;28(2):356-363

Dr Md Abdul Momin, Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Mainamoti Medical College, Cumilla, Bangladesh; E-mail:

Discrete swelling in one lobe of thyroid gland with no palpable abnormality elsewhere is termed as a solitary thyroid nodule. FNAC is the investigation of choice in solitary nodule for selection of surgical cases due to compliance, simple and quick to perform. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of FNAC in solitary thyroid nodule with the relation of histopathological findings. Read More

Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2019 May 13;41:43-46. Epub 2019 Apr 13.

Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareily Road, Lucknow, 226 014, India.

Introduction: In the modern day busy clinical practice, the communication between patient/relative and caregiver is at a minimal level. The patients and relatives feel apprehensive when advised about surgical/interventional treatment. Storytelling is such a technique of health communication made in common man language and can operate in a virtual environment. Read More

J Endocr Soc 2019 Apr 5;3(4):791-800. Epub 2019 Mar 5.

Thyroid Interdisciplinary Team, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

Context: The impact of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) on the risk of thyroid cancer and its accurate detection remains unclear. The presence of a chronic lymphocytic infiltration imparts a logical mechanism potentially altering neoplastic transformation, while also influencing the accuracy of diagnostic evaluation.

Methods: We performed a prospective, cohort analysis of 9851 consecutive patients with 21,397 nodules ≥1 cm who underwent nodule evaluation between 1995 and 2017. Read More

Indian J Surg Oncol 2018 Dec 19;9(4):477-482. Epub 2018 May 19.

Department of Head-Neck and Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Fortis Memorial Research Institute (FMRI), Gurugram, Sector-44, Gurugram, Haryana 122002 India.

The aim of this observational prospective study was to determine the technical feasibility, safety, and adequacy of robotic hemithyroidectomy. From April 2015 to May 2016, 16 patients with solitary thyroid lesion underwent robotic hemithyroidectomy using the Surgical system. Patients were observed and data were recorded on surgical time, blood loss, complications, and functional outcome of the patients. Read More

Head Neck 2018 08 6;40(8):1812-1823. Epub 2018 Apr 6.

Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.

Background: The impact of oncogene panel results on the surgical management of indeterminate thyroid nodules (ITNs) is currently unknown.

Methods: Surgical management of 649 patients consecutively evaluated from October 2008 to April 2016 with a single nodule biopsied and indeterminate cytology (193 evaluated with and 456 without oncogene panels) was assessed and compared. Histological features of 629 consecutively resected ITNs (164 evaluated with and 465 without oncogene panels) were also characterized and compared. Read More

J Endocrinol Invest 2018 Jul 14;41(7):809-813. Epub 2017 Dec 14.

Department of Surgical Pathology, The University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy.

Purpose: To report the clinical implications of an initial experience with transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA).

Methods: From March to November 2017, five cases of TOETVA were performed. Data reported include patient demographics, indication for surgery, extent of surgery, operative time, the need to convert to cervicotomy, the length of hospital stay and post-operative pain and morbidity. Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2018 Jan;43(1):e27-e28

From the Nuclear Medicine Service, James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital & Clinics; and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL.

I-NaI thyroid uptake and scan in a 46-year-old woman with symptomatic hyperthyroidism demonstrated marked, diffusely increased uptake consistent with Graves disease, as well as a solitary hypofunctioning ("cold") nodule. Pathologic evaluation following total thyroidectomy and selective neck dissection revealed invasive multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma in a background of Graves disease and 5 of 36 lymph nodes positive for metastatic disease. This case serves as a reminder that when present a cold nodule in the setting of Graves disease warrants further evaluation for underlying malignancy. Read More

Cureus 2017 Sep 17;9(9):e1695. Epub 2017 Sep 17.

Department of Surgery, Duzce University Medical Faculty.

Thyroid hemiagenesis (TH) is a rare congenital anomaly that is usually asymptomatic. Functional disorders of the thyroid make the patient symptomatic. TH is usually and incidentally established during evaluation of patients with symptomatic thyroid pathology. Read More

J Ultrasound Med 2018 Feb 7;37(2):425-437. Epub 2017 Sep 7.

Department of Ultrasound, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.

Objectives: We aimed to determine the most efficient quantitative parameters to establish a contrast-enhanced ultrasound (US) assessment system for distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid nodules.

Methods: A total of 167 patients with thyroid solitary nodules had the diagnosis confirmed by surgery or fine-needle aspiration. Quantitative contrast-enhanced US indicators (time to peak, time from peak to one-half, ascend slope, descend slope, peak intensity, and area under the curve [AUC]) were gathered in nodule and perinodule areas. Read More

ANZ J Surg 2018 May 13;88(5):464-467. Epub 2017 Jun 13.

Endocrine Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Western Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Background: The size of thyroid nodules as measured by ultrasound (ultrasound size, USS) is routinely used in clinical decision-making. Reports of discrepancy between USS and pathological size (PS) evaluation have not analysed their systematic differences. The objective of this study was to uncover the lack of agreement (bias) between USS and PS measurements. Read More

Oncol Res Treat 2017 19;40(6):360-363. Epub 2017 May 19.

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate patients with suspicious solitary nodules undergoing bilateral total thyroidectomy for the presence of malignancy.

Patients And Methods: 141 patients with true solitary thyroid nodules who underwent bilateral total thyroidectomy at the Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Hospital between 2008 and 2013 were retrospectively evaluated. Read More

Lung India 2017 Mar-Apr;34(2):193-196

Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Follicular carcinoma of thyroid is the second most common type of carcinoma of thyroid, and it may metastasize to bone, lung, brain, and skin. However, the initial presentation of follicular carcinoma of the thyroid as a large intrathoracic mass without any symptoms of thyroid gland enlargement and dysfunction is very rare. We hereby report a case of a 50-year-old male who presented with chief complaints of chest and low back pain. Read More

J Clin Diagn Res 2016 Dec 1;10(12):EC14-EC19. Epub 2016 Dec 1.

Post Graduate Student, Department of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital , Pune, Maharashtra, India .

Introduction: Solitary Thyroid Nodule (STN) has provoked increased concern owing to higher incidence of malignancy. The inter and intra observer variation in the histomorphological diagnosis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas (PTC) may sometimes pose a diagnostic difficulty.

Aim: This study was undertaken to analyse immunohistochemical (IHC) markers (CK-19, CD-56, p53, Ki-67) to differentiate between benign and malignant surgically resected STN along with their utility in the identification of PTC. Read More

Endocrine 2017 Sep 15;57(3):402-408. Epub 2016 Nov 15.

Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume, Trieste, Italy.

Purpose: Radiofrequency ablation has been advocated as an alternative to radioiodine and/or surgery for the treatment of autonomously functioning benign thyroid nodules. However, only a few studies have measured radiofrequency ablation efficacy on autonomously functioning benign thyroid nodules. The aim of this work was to evaluate the 12-month efficacy of a single session of radiofrequency ablation (performed with the moving shot technique) on solitary autonomously functioning benign thyroid nodules. Read More

Minerva Endocrinol 2017 Sep 2;42(3):203-212. Epub 2016 Sep 2.

Department of Human Histopathology, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy.

Background: The incidence of thyroid carcinoma ranges from 0.5 to 10 cases every 100,000, depending on the country, the context and purpose of the study. The high incidence of differentiated thyroid tumor is continuously growing. Read More

J Cancer Res Ther 2015 Jul-Sep;11(3):617-22

Department of Pathology, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College and Hospital, Siruvachur, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu, India.

Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a useful diagnostic modality in the evaluation of solitary thyroid nodules (STN). It can differentiate between benign and malignant lesions in most cases.

Aim: This study was undertaken to determine the utility and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC in the evaluation of STN. Read More

Arch Pathol Lab Med 2015 Aug;139(8):1062-7

From the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio.

Thyroid paragangliomas are rare tumors that arise from the inferior laryngeal paraganglia. Most patients are female and present with an asymptomatic thyroid nodule. Histologically, the tumor is composed of cells arranged in a well-defined nest (zellballen) pattern surrounded by a thin fibrovascular stroma. Read More

Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2015 Jul-Aug;19(4):498-503

Department of Radiology, Oncology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Background: Thyroid nodules are common. They can be either benign or malignant. Solitary thyroid nodules (STN) have a high likelihood of being malignant. Read More

World J Nucl Med 2015 May-Aug;14(2):125-7

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait.

Thyroid scintigraphy plays an important role in the anatomical and functional evaluation of thyroid nodules which carry the risk of malignancy. The presence of multiple nodules carries overall smaller risk of cancer than solitary nodule. Missing nodules, whether solitary or multiple, may mean delaying detection of possible cancer. Read More

BMC Cancer 2015 Apr 30;15:330. Epub 2015 Apr 30.

Centre for endocrine surgery, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 8, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.

Background: The aim of our study was to investigate the incidence of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) in patients operated for benign thyroid diseases (BTD) and its relation to age, sex, extent of surgery and type of BTD.

Methods: Retrospective study of 2466 patients who underwent thyroid surgery for BTD from 2008 to 2013. To determine independent predictors for PTMC we used three separate multivariate logistic regression models (MLR). Read More

Radiology 2015 Aug 13;276(2):597-605. Epub 2015 Mar 13.

From the Departments of Thyroid and Metabolic Bone Disorders (R.D.K., J.D.V.) and Endocrine Surgery (J.I.S.), University Hospital of Endocrinology, Medical University Sofia, 2 Zdrave Street, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ljubljana University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia (K.Z.).

Purpose: To assess the short-term efficacy and safety of ultrasonographically (US)-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation for treatment of benign solid thyroid nodules.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study was approved by the institutional ethics committee, and written informed consent was acquired. HIFU ablation was performed in one session with US guidance and conscious sedation in 20 euthyroid patients (mean age, 44. Read More

J Ultrasound Med 2015 Feb;34(2):309-16

Departments of Endocrinology (A.K., P.L.) and Ear, Nose, and Throat Head and Neck Surgery (A.P., H.B.P.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; and Department of Endocrinology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy (L.B.).

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of benign thyroid nodules on sonography and ultrasound elastography in a population exposed to iodine deficiency.

Methods: We conducted a prospective systematic evaluation of preoperative thyroid sonography and elastography in patients assigned for surgical excision of benign thyroid nodules. Two experienced sonographers performed all sonographic and elastographic examinations. Read More

Oncologist 2015 Jan 5;20(1):19-27. Epub 2014 Dec 5.

Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

Thyroid nodules are commonly diagnosed in adults. Although rare in children, the risk for thyroid cancer is much higher in the pediatric population compared with adults. Presenting as either a solitary nodule or a multinodular goiter, thyroid nodular disease in children requires a thorough workup that includes a detailed clinical examination comprised of prior history of thyroid disease in the patient or in their family, history of radiation exposure, careful palpation of the thyroid and lymph nodes, blood tests, ultrasonography, and cytological assessment. Read More

J Diabetes Metab Disord 2014 10;13(1):82. Epub 2014 Sep 10.

Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, (1411413137) Iran.

Background: Palpable thyroid nodules are present in 4-7% of general population and Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) is now accepted by endocrinologists and thyroid surgeons as a safe, simple and cost effective procedure for evaluating a thyroid nodule. The obtained sample can be spread directly on slides, processed as cell block preparations or prepared as liquid base smears. Liquid base method has been recently accepted due to its shorter preparation time and better preservation of nuclear details. Read More

Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2014 Sep 22;75(4):241-6. Epub 2014 Aug 22.

Department of nuclear medicine, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble, France.

Objectives: Radioiodine is currently used routinely in the treatment of hyperthyroidism including Graves' disease (GD), toxic multinodular goitre (TMNG) and toxic solitary nodule (TSN) but no consensus exists on the most appropriate way to prescribe iodine--fixed dose or calculated doses based on the gland size or turnover of (131)I. We carried out the first nationwide French survey assessing the current practices in radioiodine treatment of hyperthyroidism.

Material And Methods: A questionnaire was sent to French nuclear medicine hospital units and cancer treatment centres (n=69) about their practices in 2012. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2014 May 30;2014. Epub 2014 May 30.

Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.

The simultaneous occurrence of hyperthyroidism and hyperparathyroidism was previously reported to be rare, but it was recognised more and more clearly by effective evaluations. Recent studies also mentioned the coexistence of parathyroid adenoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The potential mechanism is still unknown. Read More

Technol Cancer Res Treat 2015 Oct 24;14(5):525-9. Epub 2014 Nov 24.

Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Korea.

We designed this study to evaluate the incidence of incidental findings on computed tomography (CT) scan implemented as simulation for adjuvant radiotherapy in breast cancer patients and to emphasize the need for careful review of simulation CT images before planning radiotherapy. A Resident and attending radiation oncologists retrospectively reviewed the medical records and simulation CT images of 776 patients treated with adjuvant radiotherapy at Samsung Medical Center during 2008. Previously undetected abnormal findings on simulation CT images were defined as incidental findings and interpreted by diagnostic radiologist. Read More

Med Ultrason 2013 Dec;15(4):278-84

Department of Radiology, Diskapi Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey; E-mail:

Background: Malignancy is correlated with stiffness which is assessed by real time elastosonography (RTE). RTE is not used in routine practice. We aimed to establish the learning curve of RTE on radiology residents. Read More

Eur J Radiol 2013 Nov 12;82(11):1899-903. Epub 2013 Aug 12.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Electronic address:

Background: Sonographic size of suspicious thyroid lesions is an essential parameter in the evaluation of thyroid nodules, determining the need for needle biopsy and has impact on the extent of surgery. Limited data is available on the correlation between the size of the thyroid nodule on sonography and the actual size measured during histological examination. The aim of the present study was to compare these two modalities and to discuss the potential clinical implications of the findings in the study population. Read More

Nuklearmedizin 2013 18;52(3):97-100. Epub 2013 Feb 18.

Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Klinikum der Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main.

Unlabelled: In addition to ultrasound, elastography is available for evaluation of thyroid nodules for several years.

Aim: of this study was to verify a statistically significant correlation between palpation and elastography as well as between scintigraphy and elastography, respectively. PATIENTS, METHODES: 97 solitary thyroid nodules in 67 women (mean age 63. Read More

Singapore Med J 2012 Nov;53(11):766-72; quiz p.773

Department of Imaging, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074.

Around 50% of the population harbour thyroid nodules on ultrasonography, up to 7% of which may be malignant irrespective of size. While fine-needle aspiration biopsy is reliable, subjecting every thyroid nodule to this procedure is not cost-effective. Hence, ultrasonography is used primarily to characterise thyroid nodules, whereas nodules that have suspicious features are subject to a fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Read More

Auris Nasus Larynx 2013 Jun 24;40(3):308-11. Epub 2012 Oct 24.

Department of Surgery, Kuma Hospital, 8-2-35 Shimoyamate-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of ultrasonography (US) in the management of thyroid nodules when the cytology is benign tumor on fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB).

Methods: Between 2006 and 2011, we investigated 13,972 patients who had solitary thyroid nodule with cytological findings of benign. Surgery was performed according to our criteria for surgical indication. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012 Jun 14;97(6):1905-12. Epub 2012 Mar 14.

Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.

Introduction: Molecular testing of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) results helps diagnose thyroid cancer, although the additional cost of this adjunct has not been studied. We hypothesized that FNA molecular testing of two indeterminate categories (follicular lesion of undetermined significance and follicular/Hürthle cell neoplasm) can be cost saving.

Methods: For a hypothetical group of euthyroid patients with a 1-cm or larger solitary thyroid nodule, a decision-tree model was constructed to compare the estimated costs of initial evaluation according to the current American Thyroid Association guidelines, either with molecular testing (MT) or without [standard of care (StC)]. Read More

Eur Radiol 2012 Jun 10;22(6):1357-65. Epub 2012 Feb 10.

Department of Radiology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.

Objectives: To investigate the diagnostic accuracy, through quantitative analysis, of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), using a microbubble contrast agent, in the differentiation of thyroid nodules.

Methods: This prospective study enrolled 46 patients with solitary, scintigraphically non-functional thyroid nodules. These patients were scheduled for surgery and underwent preoperative CEUS with pulse-inversion harmonic imaging after intravenous microbubble contrast medium administration. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012 Apr 8;97(4):1250-7. Epub 2012 Feb 8.

Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.

Context: The surgical management of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), especially regarding the necessity of central lymph node dissection, remains controversial.

Objective: The objective of the study was to describe the clinicopathological features of PTMC and to identify the risk factors for central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) that can guide surgical strategies for patients with PTMC.

Design: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, risk factors and outcome variables were assessed at the time of surgery for the primary tumor. Read More

Am J Surg 2012 Mar 28;203(3):331-4; discussion 334. Epub 2012 Jan 28.

Department of Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792-7375, USA.

Background: The goal of this study was to determine whether sampling error was the major cause for false-negative fine needle aspiration (FNA) results for thyroid nodules.

Methods: Patients who underwent preoperative FNA between 1994 and 2008 were identified, and the results were compared with surgical pathology findings. Other related variables including nodule number and size were also recorded. Read More

J Pak Med Assoc 2011 May;61(5):466-9

Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA.

Objective: To study the clinical presentation, thyroid function tests, ultrasound (US) features, cytology and surgical pathology results of patients undergoing fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of thyroid nodules and to determine if a significant difference exists in the above variables between small (less than 1 cm) and large (1 cm or more) thyroid nodules.

Methods: The study is a retrospective chart review study involving patients undergoing FNA of thyroid nodules at Marshall University Endocrine Clinic. Study data on patient demographics, clinical presentation, physical examination findings, thyroid function tests, US features, cytology and surgical pathology were collected and analyzed. Read More

J Cytol 2011 Oct;28(4):210-3

Department of Pathology, SDUMC, Kolar, Karnataka, India.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the second most common thyroid lesion next to goiter diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). It is also an important cause for hypothyroidism. FNAC plays a significant role in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions due to its simplicity and low cost. Read More

Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2011 Jul-Sep;54(3):472-5

Department of Pathology, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Smt S.K. Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Background: For management of thyroid nodules, distinction between benign and malignant tumors is essential. Present study was undertaken to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions by using Ki-67 and p53 immunostaining and radionuclide perfusion scan.

Materials And Methods: Study comprised of 25 prospective and 25 retrospective cases of solitary thyroid nodules. Read More

Surgery 2011 Sep;150(3):436-41

Division of Endocrine Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.

Background: Surgeon-performed ultrasound (SUS) has become an extension of the physical examination in the evaluation of patients with thyroid nodules. Amid concerns that too many "diagnostic" thyroidectomies are performed, this study examines the usefulness of SUS in predicting benign thyroid nodules.

Methods: A retrospective review of 624 patients with solitary or dominant thyroid nodules and prospectively collected data of SUS nodule features before thyroidectomy (benign = 407; malignant = 217) was performed. Read More

Thyroid 2011 Aug 19;21(8):917-20. Epub 2011 May 19.

Department of Endocrinology, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Albano, Rome, Italy.

Background: Incidental papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), a frequent clinical problem, is usually associated with a favorable outcome. During long-term follow-up, only a minority of cases show aggressive behavior with either lymph node or distant metastases. Recently, we had an opportunity to evaluate the efficacy of nonsurgical, ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous laser ablation (PLA) for local treatment of PTMC in an otherwise inoperable patient. Read More

Auris Nasus Larynx 2011 Dec 13;38(6):718-23. Epub 2011 May 13.

Department of Surgery, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Delhi, India.

Objectives: Thyroid nodular swellings are very common, consisting of both benign and malignant ones. Fine needle aspiration cytology is an excellent diagnostic modality for papillary cancers, medullary cancers, colloid goiter and lymphoma but fails in differentiating follicular adenomas from carcinomas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate role of Dynamic MRI with signal intensity time curve evaluation in differentiating benign from malignant follicular nodules. Read More

Eur J Endocrinol 2011 Jul 6;165(1):123-8. Epub 2011 May 6.

Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Neck Surgery, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark.

Aim: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of interstitial laser photocoagulation (ILP) in solitary benign thyroid nodules.

Design And Methods: A total of 78 euthyroid outpatients (45 participating in randomized trials) with a benign solitary solid and scintigraphically cold thyroid nodule causing local discomfort were assigned to ILP. ILP (using one laser fiber) was performed under continuous ultrasound (US) guidance and with an output power of 1. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011 May;96(5):1202-12

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.

Thyroid nodules are very common, and although the majority are benign, approximately 5% may harbor malignancy. The evaluation of the patient with solitary thyroid nodule is generally straightforward and will typically include measurement of serum TSH to assess thyroid function and fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the nodule, with or without ultrasound (US) guidance. The approach to the patient with nontoxic multinodular goiter represents a more difficult problem for the clinician. Read More