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Eur J Cancer 2019 Feb 19;110:120-126. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

Department of Epidemiological Research and Molecular Medicine, Evaluative Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Italy. Electronic address:

Although all tumours are rare in childhood, there are some particularly rare paediatric cancers which have not benefited from advances made by the international paediatric oncology network. To establish a shared definition and produce a list of these entities, the European Union Joint Action on Rare Cancers (JARC) promoted a consensus effort. The definition was based on the incidence rates estimated using the information network on rare cancers (RARECAREnet) database, pooling data from 94 population-based cancer registries and 27 countries. Read More

Onco Targets Ther 2019 22;12:721-732. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Department of Surgery, The Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421000, China.

Purpose: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women with ~1.67 million cases diagnosed annually worldwide, and ~1 in 37 women succumbed to breast cancer. Over the past decades, new therapeutic strategy has substantially improved the curative effect for women with breast cancer. Read More

Cancer Cytopathol 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.

Background: The American Thyroid Association guidelines task force currently recommends definitive thyroidectomy or lobectomy after an indeterminate thyroid biopsy in children. This recommendation is based on evidence of a greater incidence and a higher risk of malignancy compared with adults in earlier pediatric studies. Such management may lead to overtreatment and unnecessary surgery for many children in the United States. Read More

Epidemiology 2019 03;30(2):e11

Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan, Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan, Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan, Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.

Pathol Res Pract 2019 Jan 28. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States. Electronic address:

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common differentiated thyroid cancer in children; and the follicular variant is the second most common variant after the classic subtype. The histological appearance of follicular variant of papillary thyroid cancer (FVPTC), can be mimicked by benign follicular nodules. Pediatric pathologists encountering such lesions with FVPTC-like appearance may err on diagnosing the benign lesions as malignant. Read More

Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2019 23;17. Epub 2019 Jan 23.

1Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53127 Bonn, Germany.

Background: In a considerable number of patients with a suspected hereditary tumor syndrome (HTS), no underlying germline mutation is detected in the most likely affected genes. The present study aimed to establish and validate a large gene panel for HTS, and determine its diagnostic yield and clinical utility.

Methods: The study cohort comprised 173 patients with suspected, but unexplained, HTS (group U) and 64 HTS patients with a broad spectrum of known germline mutations (group K). Read More

Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) 2018 ;61(4):150-152

Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), one of the most aggressive malignancies, is extremely rare in childhood. We present a case of 5-yearold child who presented with rapidly progressing thyroid swelling and stridor, for which she underwent emergency tracheostomy and biopsy. Histopathological features were suggestive of ATC and the patient died within two months after diagnosis. Read More

Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019 Jan 16. Epub 2019 Jan 16.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Maxillofacial, and Thyroid Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS, National Cancer Institute of Milan.

Purpose Of Review: To present the current status of knowledge regarding radiation-induced papillary thyroid cancer (RIPTC), defining its epidemiologic, pathologic, and clinical characteristics, with ensuing possible therapeutic and prognostic consequences.

Recent Findings: Cumulative evidence shows that RIPTC resembles sporadic papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) of comparable age, both in terms of clinical-pathological features and prognosis. Therefore, more aggressive treatment does not seem to be required when managing RIPTC as its prognosis is comparable to that of never-irradiated patients. Read More

Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019 Jan 3;133:129-141. Epub 2018 Nov 3.

Princess Máxima Centre for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.

Over the past decades, survival rates of childhood cancer have increased considerably from 5 to 30% in the early seventies to current rates exceeding 80%. This is due to the development of effective chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy and stem cell transplantation, combined with an optimized stratification of therapy and better supportive care regimens. As a consequence, active surveillance strategies of late sequelae have been developed to improve the quality of survival. Read More

Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2019 Mar 16;7(3):213-220. Epub 2019 Jan 16.

Endocrine Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy Ecole Doctorale de Cancerologie, Villejuif, France.

Background: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B is a rare syndrome caused mainly by Met918Thr germline RET mutation, and characterised by medullary thyroid carcinoma, phaeochromocytoma, and extra-endocrine features. Data are scarce on the natural history of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B. We aimed to advance understanding of the phenotype and natural history of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B, to increase awareness and improve detection. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019 Jan 16. Epub 2019 Jan 16.

Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, NIDDK/NIH, MD.

Introduction: Insulin and leptin may increase growth and proliferation of thyroid cells, underlying an association between type 2 diabetes and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Patients with extreme insulin resistance due to lipodystrophy or insulin receptor mutations (INSR) are treated with high-dose insulin and recombinant leptin (metreleptin), which may increase risk of thyroid neoplasia. The aim of this study was to analyze thyroid structural abnormalities in patients with lipodystrophy and INSR mutation, and to assess if insulin, IGF-1, and metreleptin therapy contribute to the thyroid growth and neoplasia in this population. Read More

Rev Med Suisse 2019 Jan;15(N° 632-633):78-81

Service d'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, HUG, 1211 Genève 14.

The articles have been again selected among more than 15 000 abstracts and the review aims to be generalist. Interest of honey in head and neck pathologies, apnea syndrome, tonsillectomy and immunotherapy. In otology, middle ear infections and mastoiditis, cochlear implant in the elderly, deafness in children, auto-evaluation of audition and new perspectives regarding ciliar cell cultures. Read More

Pak J Pharm Sci 2018 Nov;31(6(Special)):2869-2872

Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Central Hospital of Shengli Oil Field, Dongying, Shandong, China.

To investigate the efficaciousness of breast-conserving therapy in connection with neoadjuvant chemotherapy on breast cancer. 68 patients, who were confirmed going down with breast cancer and hospitalized from June 2015 and June 2017, were sampled and divided into two groups using the random digit table, i.e. Read More

Endocr Connect 2019 Feb;8(2):78-85

Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

Objectives Controversies regarding factors associated with distant metastasis in pediatric thyroid cancer remain among the scientific community. The aim of this study was to investigate factors influencing distant metastasis in pediatric thyroid cancer. Methods We reviewed 1376 patients (aged 2 to 18 years) with thyroid cancer treated between 2003 and 2014. Read More

PLoS One 2019 4;14(1):e0210366. Epub 2019 Jan 4.

Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Introduction: Risk of developing a malignancy when born premature is unknown. We hypothesised that risk of certain cancers might be increased in youth born preterm versus term. We therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the incidence of malignancy in the context of preterm birth, according to various cancer types. Read More

Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 2018 Dec;40(6):838-842

Department of Ultrasound,PUMC Hospital,CAMS and PUMC,Beijing 100730,China.

While thyroid nodules have relatively low incidence in children and adolescents,they are at high risk of malignancy. In addition,the clinical manifestations,biological behaviors,assessment methods,indications of fine-needle aspiration,and treatment principles also differ from those in adults. In the past,the assessment,treatment,and follow-up of thyroid nodules in children and adolescents follow the guidelines for adult patients,which are actually not applicable for children and adolescents in the real-world clinical settings. Read More

Cir Cir 2019 ;87(1):7-11

Departamento de Cirugía Pediátrica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. Bogotá, Colombia.

Objective: To present our experience treating 38 patients with pediatric thyroid carcinoma.

Method: We received 44 pediatric patients with thyroid cancer between 2008 and 2016 in a specialized cancer center. A team of two surgeons treated all patients. Read More

Thyroid 2019 Jan 25. Epub 2019 Jan 25.

2 Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.

Background: The thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) is critical for vertebrate development and affects the function of many adult tissues and organs. Its genomic effects are mediated by thyroid hormone nuclear receptors (TRs) present in all vertebrates. The discovery of patients with resistance to thyroid hormone (RTHβ) >50 years ago and subsequent identification of genetic mutations in only the THRB gene in these patients suggest that mutations in the THRA gene may have different pathological manifestations in humans. Read More

J Clin Oncol 2019 Feb 28;37(6):513-524. Epub 2018 Dec 28.

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center/Children's Health, Dallas, TX.

Chromosomal translocations involving the NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3 genes (TRK fusions), which encode the neurotrophin tyrosine kinase receptors TRKA, TRKB, and TRKC, can result in constitutive activation and aberrant expression of TRK kinase. Certain cancers almost universally harbor TRK fusions, including infantile fibrosarcoma, cellular congenital mesoblastic nephroma, secretory breast cancer, and mammary analog secretory carcinoma of the salivary gland. TRK fusions have also been identified at lower frequencies across a broad range of other pediatric cancers, including undifferentiated sarcomas, gliomas, papillary thyroid cancers, spitzoid neoplasms, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, and acute leukemias. Read More

Laryngoscope 2018 Dec 24. Epub 2018 Dec 24.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto, Japan.

Objectives/hypothesis: This study aimed to investigate the risk of postoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (RLNP) with and without the use of intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) during thyroid cancer surgery.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: This study utilized a nationwide claims database in Japan. Read More

Cancer 2018 Dec 17. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.

Background: Survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in childhood have an increased risk of subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs). Herein, the authors extended the follow-up of a previously reported Late Effects Study Group cohort and identified patients at highest risk for SMNs to create evidence for risk-based screening recommendations.

Methods: The standardized incidence ratio was calculated using rates from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program as a reference. Read More

Cancer Sci 2019 Feb 20;110(2):817-827. Epub 2019 Jan 20.

Department of Radiation Molecular Epidemiology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.

Thyroid ultrasound screening of young residents in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, showed a high detection rate of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Detailed morphological analysis of these tumors was not presented to date. This study sets out to evaluate changes in histopathological and invasive characteristics of Fukushima PTC with time after the nuclear accident of March 2011 in all available cases and in different age subgroups. Read More

Cancer Gene Ther 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen, 518000, Shenzhen, P.R. China.

Breast cancer is ranked as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women. Accumulating evidences have revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in human tumorigenesis owing to the regulation of essential pathways for tumor initiation and progression. Herein, the current study aimed to explore the regulatory mechanism of lncRNA ZFHX4-AS1 in breast cancer in relation to the Hippo signaling pathway. Read More

Horm Res Paediatr 2018 Dec 12:1-14. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis is a common site of unintended, acquired disease either during or after the treatment of cancer. Children treated with external radiation therapy are at the highest risk for developing a thyroid-related late effect, but thyroid dysfunction and second primary thyroid neoplasms can also occur after treatment with radiopharmaceutical agents such as 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine. Increasingly recognized is the development of early thyroid dysfunction as an off-target consequence of the more novel cancer therapeutics such as the tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Read More

Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2018 May 11;35(4):257-267. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

b Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers , Houston , Texas , USA.

Background: Craniospinal irradiation (CSI) often results in endocrine deficiencies in children with medulloblastoma due to irradiation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA) or the thyroid gland. CSI with Proton radiation therapy (PRT) has the potential to decrease the risk of hypothyroidism by reduction in radiation dose to these organs. This study compares the risk for hypothyroidism in patients with medulloblastoma treated with Photon radiation therapy (XRT) or PRT. Read More

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Modena, Largo del Pozzo, 71, 41125, Modena, Italy.

Purpose: Locoregional recurrence of thyroid carcinoma is relatively common and reported rate are between 5 and 20%. Cervical nodes are usually involved, especially at the central compartment. The management of recurrent thyroid carcinoma at central compartment still remains challenging because of higher incidence of complication rate. Read More

Environ Monit Assess 2018 Dec 7;191(1). Epub 2018 Dec 7.

King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, PO Box 22490 Mail Code 1515, Riyadh, 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Plastic made with bisphenol A (BPA) produces trans-generational changes in genes and behavior. It has been positively linked to obesity and thyroid dysfunction. This study aimed to detect the presence of BPA in polycarbonate plastic (PC) baby bottles. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Department of Internal Medicine, Hirata Central Hospital, Kami-Yomogida, Hirata-mura, Ishikawa-gun, Fukushima, Japan.

Context: Intake of stable iodine helps prevent childhood thyroid cancer in nuclear emergencies but there is limited case information.

Objective: We identified the intake rate and the factors associated with no intake among children who did not take stable iodine after the Fukushima disaster.

Design: Retrospective observational study. Read More

Sci Rep 2018 Dec 5;8(1):17661. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.

Following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP) accident on 11 March 2011, there have been concerns regarding the health impacts of the ensuing radioactive environmental contamination, which was spatially heterogeneous. This study aimed to assess the geographical variability of thyroid cancer prevalence among children and adolescents in Fukushima Prefecture. We computed the sex- and age-standardised prevalence ratio using 115 diagnosed or suspected thyroid cancer cases among approximately 300,000 examinees at the first-round ultrasound examination during 2011-2015 from 59 municipalities in the prefecture, under the Fukushima Health Management Survey. Read More

J Nucl Med 2018 Nov 30. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands.

Pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is a rare disease. Initial treatment of DTC consists of a (near) total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine (I) therapy. Previous studies in adults showed that I treatment may result in a reduced salivary gland function. Read More

Eur J Epidemiol 2018 Dec 4;33(12):1139-1162. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55101, Mainz, Germany.

Most of the pooled analyses and reviews reported an association between radiotherapy for childhood cancer and an increased thyroid cancer risk. Up to now this article presents the first systematic literature review on this association combined with a critical assessment of the methodological quality of the included articles. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant articles until May 2016. Read More

JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019 Jan;145(1):4-11

Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.

Importance: Ultrasonographic (US) screening for thyroid cancer was performed in the Fukushima Health Management Survey after the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station accident. Clinical characteristics of thyroid cancers screened by US among children and young adults during the first 5 years after the accident were analyzed.

Objectives: To evaluate the number of detected thyroid cancers by age group within 5 years of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station accident and to compare the basic clinical characteristics and demographic patterns in first- and second-round examinations. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2018 Nov 28;12(1):353. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK.

Background: Cowden's syndrome (OMIM:158350), a rare genetic disorder (incidence ~ 1:250,000), is caused by mutations of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN. In this report, we describe clinical manifestations of a 56-year-old patient diagnosed with Cowden's syndrome and his family with PTEN mutations. The family has an unusually high number of offspring with autism spectrum disorder. Read More

Pediatrics 2018 Dec;142(6)

JAMA Oncol 2018 Nov 21. Epub 2018 Nov 21.

Center for Haematology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.

Importance: Incidence and risk factors of second solid cancers (SSCs) that occur after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are well documented. However, clinical outcome data of patients who developed an SSC after HSCT are limited.

Objective: To assess the outcome of patients with an SSC occurring after HSCT from the time of SSC diagnosis. Read More

BMC Public Health 2018 Nov 19;18(1):1266. Epub 2018 Nov 19.

Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Few countries in the Middle East have a population-based cancer registry, despite a clear need for accurate cancer statistics in this region. We therefore established a registry in the East Azerbaijan province, the sixth largest province in northwestern Iran.

Methods: We actively collected data from 20 counties, 62 cities, and 44 districts for the period between 20 March 2015 and 19 March 2016 (one Iranian solar year). Read More

Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2018 Nov 17. Epub 2018 Nov 17.

Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Health Science, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the radiation safety of caregiving people contacting the child and adolescent patients with thyroid cancer who received radioactive iodine-131 (RIT) treatment by comparison with external dose rate measurements of adult patients according to their administered activities and days of hospitalization. We retrospectively evaluated external dose rate measurement of 158 children and adolescent patients and 158 adult patients. During the RIT, the hospitalization time were grouped as 2, 3 and 4 d, and the administered activities as <3700, 3700 and >3700 MBq. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019 Jan;104(1):41-48

Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kiev, Ukraine.

Background: Children and adolescents exposed to radioactive iodine-131 (I-131) in fallout from the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear accident appear to be at increased risk of thyroid cancer and benign thyroid nodules. The prenatal period is also considered radiosensitive, and the fetal thyroid can absorb I-131 from the maternal circulation.

Objectives: We aimed to estimate the risk of malignant and benign thyroid nodules in individuals exposed prenatally. Read More

Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2018 Nov 15. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

Department of Paediatric Neurology, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

Differentiated thyroid cancer is a rare disease in children and adolescents and manifests exclusively in the form of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). We present a rare case of PTC who presented initially with lung symptoms and miliary nodules on chest X-ray. This case emphasises the important differential of miliary mottling of the lungs. Read More

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2018 Nov 14. Epub 2018 Nov 14.

Section on Endocrinology and Genetics & Endocrinology Inter-institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.

Carney complex is a rare, autosomal dominant, multiple endocrine neoplasia and lentiginosis syndrome, caused in most patients by defects in the gene, which encodes the regulatory subunit type 1α of protein kinase A. Inactivating defects of lead to aberrant cyclic-AMP-protein kinase A signaling. Patients may develop multiple skin abnormalities and a variety of endocrine and non-endocrine tumors. Read More

J Toxicol Environ Health A 2018 12;81(21):1150-1164. Epub 2018 Nov 12.

a Division of Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea.

Risk assessment and hormone evaluation were carried out for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), in 302 Korean children (n = 223) and adolescents (n = 79) (< age 19). Urinary and serum concentrations of DEHP, MEHP (mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate), DBP, MBP (monobutyl phthalate), and PA (phthalic acid, a common final metabolite of phthalates) were detected in children and adolescents. Daily exposure levels were estimated to be 16. Read More

AJR Am J Roentgenol 2019 Jan 7;212(1):188-194. Epub 2018 Nov 7.

2 Clinical Research Office, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the diagnostic performance of the American College of Radiology (ACR) Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) for malignancy risk in pediatric thyroid nodules.

Materials And Methods: Two radiologists reviewed ultrasound images of 74 tissue-proven thyroid nodules in 62 children. Points were given for individual features and then added to determine the ACR TI-RADS category, ranging from 1 (benign) to 5 (high suspicion). Read More

Transplant Proc 2018 Nov 15;50(9):2738-2741. Epub 2018 Mar 15.

Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital and Fu Jen Catholic University College of Medicine, New Taipei City, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Background: Ensuring careful selection of heart transplant recipients with pretransplant malignancies (PTM) has been suggested in several retrospective studies. However, cancer survival rates continue to increase and we still lack outcomes data on PTM patients who have undergone heart transplantation (HT) within the Asian region. Herein we report pretransplant characteristics and outcomes among PTM patients with HT. Read More

Epidemiology 2019 03;30(2):e9-e11

Kangoku-cho, Nara, Japan,

J Clin Pathol 2019 Feb 1;72(2):145-151. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

Department of Radiology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.

Aims: Intrathyroidal ectopic thymus (ITET) is a rare cause of paediatric thyroid nodules. Although ultrasonography of ITET demonstrates a characteristic appearance similar to that of normal thymus, accurate differentiation from other thyroid nodule etiologies by ultrasonography is difficult, and so that fine needle aspiration (FNA) is usually performed for further analysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of flow cytometry (FCM) in confirming the diagnosis of ITET in thyroid FNA samples. Read More

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019 Jan 31;276(1):217-222. Epub 2018 Oct 31.

Services d'ORL et Chirurgie Cervico Faciale & ORL pédiatrique, CHRU de TOURS, Université de TOURS, 37044, Tours cedex 9, France.

Objectives: The main objective of this study is to report our experience in a university hospital in the surgical management of thyroid disease in pediatric patients. We also aim to analyze the results and evaluate the efficacy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and frozen section analysis.

Methods: A retrospective review of thyroid surgeries from January 1997 to December 2017 was conducted. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018 9;9:565. Epub 2018 Oct 9.

Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most common cause of thyroid disease in children and adolescents. Along with significant modifications of thyroid function, HT in pediatric age can be accompanied by relevant thyroid structural alterations. Over time, benign thyroid nodules, carcinoma and, rarely, primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma can develop. Read More

Mycoses 2019 Feb 13;62(2):165-170. Epub 2018 Nov 13.

Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy.

Background: Invasive mucormycosis is a rare but frequently fatal fungal disease. The acute and rapidly progressive evolution causes unfavourable outcome in 22%-59% of patients and its treatment represents a clinical challenge, especially in immunocompromised patients. Current data in paediatric oncological patients are limited. Read More

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2018 Oct 16. Epub 2018 Oct 16.

Department of Clinical Oncology, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK.

Vandetanib has been shown to improve progression-free survival in adults with advanced medullary thyroid cancer. This article describes a pediatric patient with metastatic medullary thyroid cancer secondary to sporadic multiple endocrine neoplasia 2B, treated with vandetanib. At presentation, he had an inoperable primary tumor, with carotid encasement, and pulmonary metastases. Read More

JCI Insight 2018 Oct 18;3(20). Epub 2018 Oct 18.

Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (UK).

Defects in genes mediating thyroid hormone biosynthesis result in dyshormonogenic congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Here, we report homozygous truncating mutations in SLC26A7 in 6 unrelated families with goitrous CH and show that goitrous hypothyroidism also occurs in Slc26a7-null mice. In both species, the gene is expressed predominantly in the thyroid gland, and loss of function is associated with impaired availability of iodine for thyroid hormone synthesis, partially corrected in mice by iodine supplementation. Read More