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Cancer Epidemiol 2021 Jun 4;73:101964. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, PR China. Electronic address:

Background: Thyroid cancer (TC) is threefold more common in women than men. Reproductive and menstrual factors may be related to the onset of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). This study aims to determine the association of reproductive and menstrual factors with PTC in Chinese females. Read More

Children (Basel) 2021 May 20;8(5). Epub 2021 May 20.

Doctoral School "Iuliu Hațieganu", University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Thyroid microcarcinoma in pediatric population in Romania Non-medullary thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy, with an increasing incidence in the recent years, due to the increase of the thyroid microcarcinoma. Thyroid microcarcinoma (mTC) is defined, according to WHO criteria, as ≤1 cm dimension thyroid carcinoma, being a rare disease in children population. In adults, the current guidelines recommend a limited surgical approach. Read More

Front Oncol 2021 14;11:691199. Epub 2021 May 14.

Department of Urology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.

Background: Liver cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and novel prognostic factor is needed for early detection and therapeutic responsiveness monitoring. The orphan nuclear receptor NR0B2 was reported to suppress liver cancer development in a mouse model, and its expression levels were reduced in liver cancer tissues and cell lines due to hypermethylation within its promoter region. However, it is not clear if NR0B2 expression is associated with cancer survival or disease progression and how NR0B2 gene expression is regulated at the molecular level. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021 14;12:681148. Epub 2021 May 14.

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.

Background: Although the incidence of thyroid cancer had been increasing until a few years ago, a decrease has been observed in the last years, probably due to the reduction of the screening tests in Korea. Childhood thyroid cancer has been increasing in the past with the same trend as in adults, but there have been few reports on recent trends. We analyzed the trends of thyroid cancer in Korean children and related factors. Read More

Pediatr Ann 2021 Apr 1;50(4):e143-e147. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

The thyroid plays a major role in growth and development, and the hormones it produces can affect many different systems of the body. For this reason, the thyroid should always be at the front of our minds when evaluating children and adolescents. The symptoms of thyroid abnormalities can often be subtle and evolve over time, so we must have a high index of suspicion when providing care for our patients. Read More

Transl Pediatr 2021 Apr;10(4):723-732

Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China.

Background: Thyroid carcinoma is a common pediatric head and neck cancer, of which papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common type. Previously, we found that thyroid peroxidase () and aldehyde oxidase 1 () were differentially expressed in PTC. This study explored the clinical importance of and in the diagnosis and prognosis of PTC in children. Read More

J Endocrinol Invest 2021 May 18. Epub 2021 May 18.

FIRS Laboratories RSR Ltd, Cardiff, UK.

Background: Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is a rare recessive inherited disease, caused by AutoImmune Regulator (AIRE) gene mutations and characterized by three major manifestations: chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC), chronic hypoparathyroidism (CH) and Addison's disease (AD).

Methods: Autoimmune conditions and associated autoantibodies (Abs) were analyzed in 158 Italian patients (103 females and 55 males; F/M 1.9/1) at the onset and during a follow-up of 23. Read More

Avicenna J Med 2021 Apr-Jun;11(2):103-106. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.

Thyroid cancer is very rare in children and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) represents the most common type. Patients are frequently in the second decade of life and complain of painless enlargement of the gland. Pediatric PTC has unique clinicopathologic characteristics that make it different from the adult counterpart. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2021 23;38:204. Epub 2021 Feb 23.

Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: the aim of this retrospective study is to review patients with malignant goiter, as regards their nature, demographic characterization, clinical presentation and preoperative histopathological data.

Methods: the study focused on a period of 4 years from December 2015 to January 2019. Patients´ demographic data, clinical presentation, Intra-operative findings, Pre and postoperative histopathological staging and grading were all recorded. Read More

Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2021 May 14. Epub 2021 May 14.

Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA.

Although a large number of CT scans are being conducted on small animals, especially in Western countries, little is known of absorbed dose from veterinary CT scans. In the current retrospective analytical study, we estimated the radiation dose delivered to dogs from CT scans with various scan protocols and compared the results with those of human patients. We adopted a total of three computerized canine models with three sizes combined with a computer simulation model of a CT scanner. Read More

PLoS One 2021 13;16(5):e0250570. Epub 2021 May 13.

Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.

Iodine thyroid blocking (ITB) is effective for preventing childhood thyroid cancer when radioactive iodine is released into the environment during a nuclear power plant accident. Japan employs the pre-distribution of stable iodine (PDSI) to residents living near nuclear power plants; however, the number of residents who have actually received stable iodine to date remains limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile of guardians of children living around the Genkai Nuclear Power Plant (GNPP) in Japan. Read More

J Radiat Res 2021 May;62(Supplement_1):i7-i14

International University of Health and Welfare Clinic, Ohtawara, Tochigi, Japan.

After the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) accident in 2011, radiation-related risk of childhood thyroid cancer remains a matter of concern among residents living in areas affected by radioactive plumes. As a countermeasure to that, the Fukushima Prefectural Government-in conjunction with Fukushima Medical University-began the Fukushima Thyroid Examination (FTE) campaign in 2011. As 116 definite or suspected thyroid cancer cases were found after the first round of FTE and the total number of cases was >240 as of June 2020, residents' concerns have deepened. Read More

Environ Int 2021 May 8;156:106571. Epub 2021 May 8.

ISGlobal - Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona, Spain.

Health surveillance initiatives targeted at populations evacuated from, and residing in, areas affected by radiation contamination were implemented by international institutions as well as national and local governments after the nuclear accidents of Chernobyl and Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plants. Most of these initiatives included a component of childhood thyroid cancer monitoring, with the more comprehensive schemes corresponding to national programmes of health monitoring for adults and children around general health and wellbeing. This article provides a short overview of available data on the costs and resources associated with surveillance responses to two recent nuclear accidents: Chernobyl and the Fukushima Dai-Ichi nuclear plant accidents. Read More

BMC Cancer 2021 Apr 29;21(1):474. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplantation, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Background: Targeted anticancer therapies such as BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have improved outcomes for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph + ALL). However, little is known about long-term risks of TKIs in children. Exposure-based survivorship guidelines do not include TKIs, thus surveillance practices may be variable. Read More

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2021 Apr 29. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Objective: Neck lymph node (LN) metastasis is a common feature of paediatric papillary thyroid cancer, and LN ratio (LNR) is defined as the ratio of the number of positive LNs excised to the total number of removed. Unlike in adults, few data are available regarding the clinical implication of LNR in the paediatric population. Our purpose was to investigate the association of LNR with clinical outcomes in paediatric papillary thyroid cancer. Read More

Radiat Res 2021 Apr 29. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland.

Within the European Epidemiological Study to Quantify Risks for Paediatric Computerized Tomography (EPI-CT study), a cohort was assembled comprising nearly one million children, adolescents and young adults who received over 1.4 million computed tomography (CT) examinations before 22 years of age in nine European countries from the late 1970s to 2014. Here we describe the methods used for, and the results of, organ dose estimations from CT scanning for the EPI-CT cohort members. Read More

Immunol Res 2021 Apr 29;69(2):129-138. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), Genoa University, Viale Benedetto XV, 6 I-16132, Genova, Italy.

Adequate iodine intake is necessary for normal thyroid function. Iodine deficiency is associated with serious complications, but also iodine excess can lead to thyroid dysfunction, and iodine supplementation aimed to prevent iodine deficiency disorders has been associated with development of thyroid autoimmunity. The epidemiology of thyroid diseases has undergone profound changes since the implementation of iodoprophylaxis, notably by means of iodine-enriched salt, specifically resulting in decreased prevalence of goiter and neonatal hypothyroidism, improved cognitive function development in infancy, and reduced incidence of more aggressive forms of thyroid cancer. Read More

Cell Death Dis 2021 Apr 28;12(5):420. Epub 2021 Apr 28.

Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P.R. China.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are increasingly gaining importance and attention due to their diverse potential functions and their value as diagnostic biomarkers (disease specific). This study aims to explore the novel mechanisms by which exosome-contained circRNAs promote tumor development and metastasis in TNBC. We identified increased circRNA circPSMA1 in TNBC cells, their exosomes, and serum exosomes samples from TNBC patients. Read More

Epidemiol Health 2021 10;43:e2021019. Epub 2021 Mar 10.

Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Korea.

Objectives: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11 and is potentially preventable through vaccination. This study estimated the incidence of juvenile-onset RRP before the implementation of the national HPV vaccination program in Korea.

Methods: We conducted a cohort study using claims data provided by a mandatory insurance program to estimate the incidence of RRP and associated healthcare use. Read More

Bioengineered 2021 Dec;12(1):1299-1310

Department of Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. Increasing evidence indicates that centromere protein K(CENPK) may play a key role in promoting carcinogenesis. The expression, biological functions, and clinical significance of CENPK in DTC are still unclear. Read More

BMC Cancer 2021 Apr 26;21(1):466. Epub 2021 Apr 26.

Department of Breast Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.

Background: It is reported that appropriately 50% of early breast cancer patients with 1-2 positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) micro-metastases could not benefit from axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) or breast-conserving surgery with whole breast irradiation. However, whether patients with 1-2 positive SLN macro-metastases could benefit from ALND remains unknown. The aim of our study was to develop and validate nomograms for assessing axillary non-SLN metastases in patients with 1-2 positive SLN macro-metastases, using their pathological features alone or in combination with STMs. Read More

Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021 Apr 26:e29076. Epub 2021 Apr 26.

Division of Nuclear Medicine, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Background: Thyroid carcinoma (TC) is extremely rare in children. We assessed the clinicopathological features, outcomes, recurrence pattern, and associated risk factors of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).

Methods: Children aged ≤14 years, pathologically diagnosed as DTC at a tertiary cancer institute between January 1998 and December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Read More

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2021 Apr 24. Epub 2021 Apr 24.

Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Objective: We evaluated the frequency, risk factors and the follow-up outcomes of thyroid nodules, and genetic alterations in thyroid cancer, in youth with childhood-onset Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) residing in an iodine-sufficient country.

Design: A retrospective cohort study.

Patients And Measurements: A total of 213 patients (194 females, mean age 10. Read More

World J Surg 2021 Apr 23. Epub 2021 Apr 23.

Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery Division, Department of Pathology Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.

Background: The purpose of the article was to evaluate the existence of significant clinical, pathological and prognostic differences between familial and sporadic form of pediatric non-medullary thyroid carcinoma, in order to tailor the therapeutic strategy to be adopted for patients with family history.

Methods: We analyzed the records of 76 pediatric patients that underwent surgery for differentiated thyroid cancer from 2014 to 2019 at the Surgical Pathology Department of the University of Pisa, Italy. Among these, 20 (26,3%) had positive family history (familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma-FNMTC group) while 56 (73. Read More

Science 2021 05 22;372(6543). Epub 2021 Apr 22.

Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

The 1986 Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident increased papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) incidence in surrounding regions, particularly for radioactive iodine (I)-exposed children. We analyzed genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic characteristics of 440 PTCs from Ukraine (from 359 individuals with estimated childhood I exposure and 81 unexposed children born after 1986). PTCs displayed radiation dose-dependent enrichment of fusion drivers, nearly all in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and increases in small deletions and simple/balanced structural variants that were clonal and bore hallmarks of nonhomologous end-joining repair. Read More

J Am Coll Surg 2021 Apr 3. Epub 2021 Apr 3.

Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine. Chicago IL USA.

Introduction: Current guidelines recommend total thyroidectomy (TT) and radio-ablation for most papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in children. These guidelines have been criticized as aggressive, especially for early-stage PTC, as it likely does not influence patient survival and results in life-long thyroid hormone replacement. We sought to study whether the extent of thyroidectomy (TT vs. Read More

Eur J Endocrinol 2021 May 21;185(1):13-22. Epub 2021 May 21.

Gustave Roussy, Département de Chirurgie, Villejuif, France.

Objective: The presence of extrathyroidal extension (ETE) is generally considered as an indication for total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer. The accuracy of neck ultrasound for the diagnosis of ETE is controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of preoperative ultrasound evaluation of ETE. Read More

BMC Womens Health 2021 04 21;21(1):169. Epub 2021 Apr 21.

Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, 278 Baoguang Avenue Middle Section, Xindu District, Chengdu City, 610500, Sichuan Province, China.

Background: Trastuzumab is currently the standard treatment for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer. However, it is not recommended for HER2-positive breast cancer patients during pregnancy as it may jeopardize safety of the fetus. Nevertheless, there is evidence that fetuses exposed to trastuzumab in early stages of pregnancy remain healthy METHODS: To evaluate the possible effects of trastuzumab on fetus and provide evidence on the safety of trastuzumab in early pregnancy in HER2-positive breast cancer patients, we analyzed 22 studies involving 22 pregnant women and 23 fetuses. Read More

Eur Radiol 2021 Apr 17. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 86 Asanbyeongwon-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of adult-based "American College of Radiology- Thyroid Imaging Reporting And Data System" (ACR-TIRADS) and "American Thyroid Association" (ATA) in the pediatric population.

Methods: MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for articles investigating the diagnostic performance of each stratification system (ACR-TIRADS or ATA) and evaluated them according to three aspects: (a) the risk of malignancy in each category; (b) diagnostic performance using the classic indicators (sensitivity, specificity); and (c) diagnostic performance regarding fine needle aspiration/biopsy recommendation. In addition to pathologic diagnosis, we allowed imaging follow-up as the reference standard for benign nodules. Read More

Jpn J Clin Oncol 2021 May;51(6):992-998

Center for Cancer Registries, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, Japan.

Background: Hospital-based cancer registries were developed to describe and improve clinical care for cancer patients. We described the hospital-based cancer registry coverage as a reference for the users, including researchers, policymakers and clinicians.

Methods: The hospital-based cancer registry coverage was defined as the proportion of new cases registered in the hospital-based cancer registry to the National Cancer Registry as the denominator. Read More