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Endocr Pathol 2020 May 29. Epub 2020 May 29.

Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, P.le Stefani n. 1, 37126, Verona, Italy.

The expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an established prerequisite for the administration of checkpoint inhibitor therapy and is of prognostic value in several cancer types. Data concerning the potential effect of PD-L1 on the prognosis of thyroid carcinoma are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a systematic review of the published data on this topic. Read More

Eur J Endocrinol 2020 May 1. Epub 2020 May 1.

C Rasch, Radiation Oncology, LUMC, Leiden, Netherlands.

Objective: To perform a nationwide population based study in ATC on incidence, treatment and survival.

Design: Retrospective cohort study Methods: All patients with primary ATC between 1989-2016 were identified in the Netherlands Cancer Registry(NCR). Of all these patients excerpts from the pathology reports from PALGA: Dutch Pathology registry were linked to the data of the NCR. Read More

Endocr Pathol 2020 May 22. Epub 2020 May 22.

Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Although prior studies have reported that patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) with a focal anaplastic component may have a prolonged survival compared to other ATC patients, the outcome data are limited. We evaluated a cohort of ATC resected between 2003 and 2018. Tumor slides were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis and to identify cases with a minor ATC component (defined as comprising < 10% of the tumor). Read More

Histopathology 2020 May 19. Epub 2020 May 19.

Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.

Background: Treatment with a BRAF inhibitor, alone or in combination with a MEK inhibitor, may be considered for BRAF-mutant ATC. The purpose of this study was to characterize the histology of BRAF V600E-mutant ATC.

Methods: We identified 28 ATC that were consecutively resected between 2003-2019. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2020 May 11;70:119-122. Epub 2020 May 11.

Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Electronic address:

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland is an extremely rare tumor with a very aggressive clinical behavior and poor prognosis. The tumor may arise as a primary tumor within the thyroid gland or as a component of anaplastic or undifferentiated thyroid tumors.

Case Presentation: A 70-year-old lady with history of long standing multinodular goiter presented with progressive enlargement of a midline nodule for 3 months which was associated with dyspnea and dry cough. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2020 May 5;70:40-52. Epub 2020 May 5.

Department of General Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar.

Introduction: The hobnail variant of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is rare. Intrathyroid parathyroid adenoma (ITPA) is also rare. Co-ocurrence of PTC and ITPA in the same thyroid lobe is extremely rare. Read More

Oral Oncol 2020 May 8:104744. Epub 2020 May 8.

Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute/Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare type of thyroid neoplasm. However, it is one of the most aggressive forms of malignancy accounting for approximately 50% of mortality associated with all thyroid cancers. Here we report two cases of ATC treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Read More

J Biol Chem 2020 May 12. Epub 2020 May 12.

University of Michigan, United States.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most aggressive human malignancies, with an average life expectancy of ~6 months from the time of diagnosis. The genetic and epigenetic changes that underlie this malignancy are incompletely understood. We found that ASH1-like histone lysine methyltransferase (ASH1L) is over-expressed in ATC relative to the much less aggressive and more common differentiated thyroid cancer. Read More

Thyroid 2020 May 12. Epub 2020 May 12.

Hospital de Clinicas Jose de San Martin, 126635, Endocrinology, Buenos Aires, Argentina;

No abstract required. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020 22;11:207. Epub 2020 Apr 22.

Department of Thyroid-breast-hernia Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer is known to be the most lethal malignancy among endocrine tumors for its extremely limited survival rate after diagnosis. As a result of this poor survival prognosis, multimodal therapy is currently under investigation to address this global concern. In this reported case, the I seed implantation and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) inhibitor apatinib were co-applied to treat a 49-year-old woman with anaplastic thyroid cancer. Read More

Radiol Oncol 2020 May 2;54(2):187-193. Epub 2020 May 2.

Department of Pathology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana Slovenia.

Background Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most aggressive tumors. The aim of the study was to determine the correlation between a higher dietary intake of iodine, frequency of ATC and the characteristics of ATC, and to find out how often patients with ATC had a history of radioiodine (RAI) therapy. Patients and methods This retrospective study included 220 patients (152 females, 68 males; mean age 68 years) with ATC who were treated in our country from 1972 to 2017. Read More

J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2019 Dec 30;31(1):11. Epub 2019 Dec 30.

Research Unit UR14ES17, Medicine Faculty, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.

Background: Forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) plays an important role in several tumors. This study investigated the potential role of FOXA1 expression in thyroid tumors. We conducted a retrospective study of 110 thyroid lesions and tumors diagnosed during 1995-2018. Read More

J Clin Oncol 2020 May 4:JCO1902727. Epub 2020 May 4.

Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR.

Purpose: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is an aggressive malignancy that is almost always fatal and lacks effective systemic treatment options for patients with -wild type disease. As part of a phase I/II study in patients with advanced/metastatic solid tumors, patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma were treated with spartalizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor.

Methods: We enrolled patients with locally advanced and/or metastatic anaplastic thyroid carcinoma in a phase II cohort of the study. Read More

Semin Diagn Pathol 2020 Apr 17. Epub 2020 Apr 17.

Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, U.S. Electronic address:

Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) is an aggressive form of follicular cell derived thyroid carcinoma with a prognosis intermediate between the indolent well differentiated thyroid carcinomas and the rapidly growing often fatal anaplastic carcinoma. While all investigators agree on the presence of this entity, there is disagreement in regard to its definition. In 2006, a set of criteria based solely on mitotic index ≥5/10 high power fields and/or tumor necrosis was proposed by a group of researchers from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC criteria) in New York. Read More

J Comp Pathol 2020 Apr 26;176:10-13. Epub 2020 Feb 26.

Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address:

A 20-year-old male brown bear (Ursus arctos) with a 20 × 25 cm necrotic mass adjacent to the trachea was diagnosed as having an anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Metastases were observed in the lungs and one adrenal gland and, histologically, these had anaplastic and follicular carcinoma patterns, respectively. E-cadherin labelling was observed in the adrenal mass only, while N-cadherin immunolabelling was detected in the thyroid gland and lung masses. Read More

Cancer Cell Int 2020 23;20:132. Epub 2020 Apr 23.

1Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China.

Background: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are being found to play crucial roles in ATC progression. Herein, we focused on the role of nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) on ATC progression under hypoxia and underlying mechanisms governing it. Read More

Oncol Rep 2020 May 9;43(5):1491-1502. Epub 2020 Mar 9.

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a highly aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis and a low median survival rate because of insufficient effective therapeutic modalities. Recently, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as a green non‑toxic and safe nanomaterial have shown advantages to be a drug carrier and to modify the targeting group to the targeted therapy. To aim of the study was to explore the effects of MSNs co‑loading with 17‑allylamino‑17‑demethoxy‑geldanamycin (17‑AAG; HSP90 inhibitor) and 9‑(6‑aminopyridin‑3‑yl)‑1‑(3‑(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridin‑2(1H)‑one (Torin2; mTOR inhibitor) by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) on the viability of human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma FRO cells. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 Apr;99(16):e19892

Diabetes and Thyroid Center, Theptarin Hospital.

Rationale: The unpredictability of thyroid cancer can be striking, as the disease may rapidly progress to death in some individuals. Herein, we reported a rare case of aggressive papillary thyroid cell carcinoma (PTC) in an elderly patient de-differentiated into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Patient Concerns: We describe a case of a 79-year-old Thai woman presented with hoarseness and neck mass for 2 months and she had been diagnosed with a 3-cm papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in the right side of the thyroid gland. Read More

Endocrine 2020 Apr 19. Epub 2020 Apr 19.

Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, 4-3-6, Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8308, Japan.

Purpose: Studies have shown that inflammatory biomarkers, such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), are associated with prognosis or treatment efficacy in various cancers. The present study investigated the association between the inflammatory biomarkers and dynamics of NLR, and prognosis or disease progression in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC).

Methods: This study included 55 patients with ATC who had available complete blood count (CBC) data. Read More

Case Rep Pathol 2020 31;2020:9068506. Epub 2020 Mar 31.

Department of General Surgery, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Dajia, No. 321, Jingguo Rd., Dajia Dist., Taichung City 437, Taiwan.

Primary thyroid angiosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor and characterized by its prevalence in Alpine regions of Central Europe, close relation to longstanding goiter, and aggressive clinical course with dismal prognosis. We describe the case of an 83-year-old Chinese female who lives in the coastal area of Taiwan. She came to our hospital due to a progressively enlarged mass at her anterior neck. Read More

Thyroid 2020 May 19. Epub 2020 May 19.

Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) remains one of the most challenging malignancies to treat in the modern era. Most patients present with or develop recurrent/metastatic incurable disease with poor response rates to conventional chemotherapy, and life expectancy is short. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) can be leveraged in ATC to identify oncogenic alterations that can be targeted with molecularly specific therapy, offering new effective treatment options to a subset of patients. Read More

Thyroid 2020 May 8. Epub 2020 May 8.

Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is nearly always fatal. Large studies on ATC are exceedingly rare. We aimed to study the clinical, genotypic, and histologic characteristics of ATC in the largest retrospective cohort of ATC to date. Read More

Endocr J 2020 Apr 9. Epub 2020 Apr 9.

Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.

The Japan Associations of Endocrine Surgeons has developed the revised version of the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Thyroid Tumors. This article describes the guidelines translated into English for the 35 clinical questions relevant to the therapeutic management of thyroid cancers. The objective of the guidelines is to improve health-related outcomes in patients with thyroid tumors by enabling users to make their practice evidence-based and by minimizing any variations in clinical practice due to gaps in evidential knowledge among physicians. Read More

Endocr Relat Cancer 2020 Jun;27(6):R177-R192

School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.

The aim is to review the features of 117 primary squamous cell carcinomas of thyroid which meet the histological criteria of the World Health Organization classification of endocrine tumours. The carcinomas occur in 83 women and 34 men (female to male ratio is 2.4 to 1) and with median age at presentation of 64. Read More

Virchows Arch 2020 Apr 1. Epub 2020 Apr 1.

Pathology Department, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France.

Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) refers to a malignant tumour that displays an intermediate prognosis between well-differentiated carcinomas and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATC). In the thyroid, pleomorphic giant cells are observed in ATC or in some non-neoplastic thyroid diseases. We described the case of a 43-year-old woman with a 34-mm nodule in her thyroid right lobe. Read More

Arch Endocrinol Metab 2020 Apr 27;64(2):185-189. Epub 2020 Mar 27.

Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.

The EIF1AX gene mutations have been recently associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma and anaplastic thyroid cancer. According with these reports, the gene as been considered as a drive gene for thyroid cancer development. However, the occurrence of these alterations in benign thyroid lesions is not known and is still under investigation. Read More

Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2020 Mar;35(1):44-54

Precision Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a lethal human cancer with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. Recently, its genomic and transcriptomic characteristics have been extensively elucidated over 5 years owing to advance in high throughput sequencing. These efforts have extended molecular understandings into the progression mechanisms and therapeutic vulnerabilities of aggressive thyroid cancers. Read More

Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2020 Mar;35(1):14-25

Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

The increased incidence of thyroid cancer is a worldwide phenomenon; however, the issue of overdiagnosis has been most prominent in South Korea. The age-standardized mortality rate of thyroid cancer in Korea steeply increased from 1985 to 2004 (from 0.17 per 100,000 to 0. Read More

J Am Soc Cytopathol 2020 May - Jun;9(3):185-190. Epub 2020 Feb 21.

Department of Pathology, Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

Introduction: Insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM-1) is expressed in both normal tissues and neoplasms with neuroendocrine differentiation such as small cell lung carcinoma and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the INSM-1 expression in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in the aspirated material and its preoperative diagnostic value.

Materials And Methods: MTC cases with available cytological material from 5 institutions were retrospectively identified. Read More

J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020 May 15;34(5):e22469. Epub 2020 Mar 15.

Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang, China.

We aimed to investigate the effects of Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) on cell biological function and chemotherapy sensitivity of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) and explore the underlying mechanism. In this study, we found that KLF5 was expressed higher in ATC cells than that in normal thyroid cells. Knockdown of KLF5 inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis and restrained invasion and migration abilities of ATC cells. Read More

Endocr Relat Cancer 2020 Mar 1. Epub 2020 Mar 1.

W Kim, Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Korea (the Republic of).

Major clinical challenges exist with differentiated thyroid cancers with distant metastases or rare but aggressive types, such as poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. The precise characterization of the mutational profile in these advanced thyroid cancers is crucial. Samples were collected from primary tumors and distant metastases of 64 patients with distant metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer, poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma, or anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Read More

Hum Cell 2020 Mar 7. Epub 2020 Mar 7.

Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.

This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of the thyroid-related hormones as markers of acute systemic hypoxia/ischemia to identify deaths caused by asphyxiation due to neck compression in human autopsy cases. The following deaths from pathophysiological conditions were examined: mechanical asphyxia and acute/subacute blunt head injury; acute/subacute non-head blunt injury; sharp instrument injury as the hemorrhagic shock condition; drowning as alveolar injury; burn; and death due to cardiac dysfunction. Blood samples were collected from the left and right cardiac chambers and iliac veins, and serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroglobulin (Tg), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. Read More

Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020 Jun 5;43(3):421-430. Epub 2020 Mar 5.

Institute of Pathology, Martinistraße 52, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany.

Purpose: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have recently been approved by the US FDA as first and/or second line therapy in a subset of cancer types. Recent evidence suggests that the quantity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) influences the likelihood of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here, we set out to assess the density of CD8 lymphocytes in a wide range of different cancer types and subtypes. Read More

Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2020 Apr 25;52:5-9. Epub 2020 Feb 25.

King Fahad Medical City, Makkah Road, Riyadh, 11525, Saudi Arabia.

Riedel's thyroiditis is a rare inflammatory process which not only involves thyroid gland but also the surrounding vital structures. It may also be associated with various forms of systemic fibrotic disorders. The exact etiology is not known, but currently, the most favored view is that of a localized form of the systemic fibrotic process. Read More

Oncol Res 2020 Mar 5. Epub 2020 Mar 5.

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) are resistant to standard therapies and has no effective treatment. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A2 (EIF5A2) has shown to be upregulated inmany malignant tumors and proposed to be a critical gene involved in tumor metastasis. In thisstudy, we aim to investigate the expression status of EIF5A2 in human ATC tissues, and to study therole and mechanisms of EIF5A2 in ATC tumorigenesis and . Read More

JAMA Oncol 2020 Mar 5. Epub 2020 Mar 5.

Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, California.

Importance: While well-differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma (WDPTC) outcomes have been well characterized, the prognostic implications of more aggressive variants are far less defined. The rarity of these subtypes has led to their consolidation as intermediate risk for what are in fact likely heterogeneous diseases.

Objective: To analyze incidence, clinicopathologic characteristics, and outcomes for aggressive variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2020 Feb 27;12(3). Epub 2020 Feb 27.

Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Research Consortium of Japan, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.

Background: The tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification system to categorized anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) was revised.

Methods: The revised system was evaluated using a large database of ATC patients.

Results: A total of 757 patients were analyzed. Read More

Thyroid 2020 Apr 3. Epub 2020 Apr 3.

Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.

Overdiagnosis is the leading factor contributing to the rapid increase in thyroid cancer incidence of the last decades. During this period, however, thyroid cancer incidence has not been increasing at a constant pace. We hypothesized that changes in the slope of the incidence trends curve, called joinpoints, could be associated with changes in clinical practice guideline recommendations. Read More

Am J Otolaryngol 2020 Feb 17:102434. Epub 2020 Feb 17.

Emergency Department, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, PR China. Electronic address:

Background: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a refractory and poor prognosis tumor Present study aimed to investigate the underlying biological functions and pathways involved in the development of ATC and to identify potential hub genes and candidate biomarkers of ATC.

Materials And Methods: Bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ATC tissue samples and adjacent normal tissue samples. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of the DEGs were constructed using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes online tool and Cytoscape software and divided into sub-networks using the Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) plug-in. Read More

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020 May 14;277(5):1507-1514. Epub 2020 Feb 14.

Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps-University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Hessen, Germany.

Purpose: The prognosis of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is poor. Despite various attempts to modify common treatment modalities, including surgery, external beam radiation (EBRT) and chemotherapy (CTX), no standardized treatment is yet established. This study aimed to analyze the changing trends of treatment concepts and associated overall survival (OS) over the last two decades. Read More

Curr Med Chem 2020 02 14. Epub 2020 Feb 14.

Medical Oncology Department. Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Tumor Unit Vall d´Hebron University Hospital Vall Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) Pg Vall d´Hebron 119-129 08035 Barcelona . Spain.

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy and it accounts for 1% of all newly diagnosed tumors. Approximately 10% of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC) and 30% with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) will not be cured with locoregional treatment and will develop metastatic disease. In addition, one of the most aggressive solid tumors can arise from the thyroid gland, the anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, with a median overall survival of less than 6 months. Read More

Gland Surg 2020 Jan;9(Suppl 1):S28-S42

Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the deadliest human cancers and it is less than 2% of thyroid carcinomas (TCs). The standard treatment of ATC includes surgical debulking, accelerated hyperfractionated external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), and chemotherapy, in particular with cisplatin or doxorubicin, achieving about 10 months of median survival. Since ATC is a rare and aggressive tumor, it is still challenging to predict the patient clinical therapy responsiveness. Read More

Oncologist 2020 Feb 14;25(2):e302-e310. Epub 2019 Oct 14.

Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.

Lenvatinib is a type I tyrosine kinase inhibitor exhibiting powerful antiangiogenic activity in cancer therapy. Displaying activity in multiple solid tumors, it has been approved in differentiated thyroid cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma as single agent or in combination. In addition, lenvatinib has shown promise in several other tumor types including medullary, anaplastic thyroid, adenoid cystic, and endometrial cancer. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2020 Feb 10. Epub 2020 Feb 10.

Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.

The diagnostic modalities, stratification tools, and treatment options for patients with thyroid cancer have rapidly evolved since the development of the American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines in 2015. This review compiles newer concepts in diagnosis, stratification tools and treatment options for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). Newer developments apply precision medicine in thyroid cancer patients to avoid over-treatment in low risk disease and under-treatment in high risk disease. Read More

J Bioenerg Biomembr 2020 Apr 8;52(2):123-130. Epub 2020 Feb 8.

Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Rizhao, No.126, Taian Road, Rizhao, 276826, Shandong, China.

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most aggressive type of thyroid malignancies and resistant to chemotherapy. Novel therapeutic strategy is required for better management of ATC. In this work, we show that artesunate, an antimalarial drug, is active against chemoresistant ATC cells. Read More

Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2020 May 7;76(5):703-709. Epub 2020 Feb 7.

Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawaku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan.

Purpose: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) expression has association with tumor malignancy. In thyroid cancers, FGFR4 has been reported to be characteristically expressed in aggressive thyroid tumors, such as anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC).

Methods: We investigated FGFR4 expression in patients with ATC and analyzed their clinical responses to lenvatinib. Read More

Endocr Pathol 2020 Mar;31(1):77-83

Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J6:20, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) exhibits an exceedingly poor prognosis, and the current treatment options are, for most cases, palliative by nature. Few reports of long-time survivors exist, although in these patients, tumors often were limited to the thyroid and/or regional lymph nodes. We describe a 64-year-old male who developed a rapidly growing mass in the left thyroid lobe. Read More

Head Neck 2020 May 3;42(5):1031-1044. Epub 2020 Feb 3.

Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.

Background: EBRT in resected, nonmetastatic anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) remains undefined. We evaluated patterns/outcomes with EBRT and chemotherapy in this setting.

Methods: This retrospective analysis included patients identified from the National Cancer Database with nonmetastatic ATC from 2004 to 2014 who underwent non-palliative resection. Read More

Onco Targets Ther 2019 13;12:9571-9583. Epub 2019 Nov 13.

Molecular Biology Unit, IOM Ricerca, Viagrande, CT 95029, Italy.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs acting as negative regulators of gene expression involved in a number of physiological processes. MiRNAs' expression is commonly dysregulated in many types of human tumor diseases and cancers, including thyroid cancers, and is often involved in tumor initiation and progression. miR-19a, a member of miR-17-92 cluster, has been demonstrated to promote cell growth in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), the most advanced and aggressive thyroid cancer. Read More

Endocr Relat Cancer 2020 Jan 1. Epub 2020 Jan 1.

S Cheng, Lab of Mol Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892-4264, United States.

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an aggressive malignancy without effective therapeutic options to improve survival. Steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3) is a transcriptional coactivator whose amplification and/or overexpression has been identified in many cancers. In this study, we explored the expression of SRC-3 in ATCs and the effects of a new class of SRC-3 inhibitor-2 (SI-2) in human ATC cells (THJ-11T and -16T cells) and mouse xenograft models to assess therapeutic potential of SI-2 for the treatment of ATC. Read More