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Heart 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.

Question: Which of the following diagnoses best explains this presentation?Iatrogenic left main stem ostial stenosisSaddle pulmonary embolismMondor's syndrome (thrombophlebitis of superficial veins of chest wall)Coronary thromboembolismEpicardial fat necrosis. Read More

Blood 2019 Jan 14. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.

Thrombosis with associated inflammation (thromboinflammation) occurs commonly in a broad range of human disorders. It is well recognized clinically in the context of superficial thrombophlebitis (thrombosis and inflammation of superficial veins), however it is more dangerous when it develops in the microvasculature of injured tissues and organs. Microvascular thrombosis with associated inflammation is well recognized in the context of sepsis and ischemia-reperfusion injury, however it also occurs in organ transplant rejection, major trauma, severe burns, the antiphospholipid syndrome, preeclampsia, sickle cell disease and biomaterial-induced thromboinflammation. Read More

Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2019 Mar;30(2):80-84

Laboratorio de Hematología, Sanatorio Allende.

: Hypodysfibrinogenemia and protein C deficiency are coagulopathies and in this report, we describe a young patient with both defects confirmed by molecular genetic tests. The patient was a 24-year-old woman referred for recurrent thrombophlebitis and finally deep venous thrombosis. Routine coagulation studies revealed mild decrease of protein C (0. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Dec 31;12:CD004328. Epub 2018 Dec 31.

Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, 330 Gray's Inn Road, London, UK, WC1X 8DA.

Background: Epistaxis (nosebleed) most commonly affects children and the elderly. The majority of episodes are managed at home with simple measures. In more severe cases medical intervention is required to either cauterise the bleeding vessel, or to pack the nose with various materials. Read More

J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2018 Jul-Sep;11(3):132-135

Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

Background: Mondor's disease of the subcutaneous veins of the breast is an uncommon disorder. The etiology of Mondor's disease remains unclear. Usually, it is a self-limited disease. Read More

Acta Chir Belg 2018 Nov 2:1-2. Epub 2018 Nov 2.

a Department of Vascular Surgery , KAT General Hospital , Athens , Greece.

This is a rare case of a young patient with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome that presented with extensive septic superficial thrombophlebitis of the lower extremity. Treatment included intravenous antibiotics based on cultures, anticoagulant therapy as well as surgical removal of thrombi. Read More

JAMA 2018 12;320(22):2367-2368

Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Clinical Question: Which treatments for lower extremity superficial thrombophlebitis (ST) are associated with lower rates of venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) vs placebo?

Bottom Line: A dose of 2.5 mg of fondaparinux administered subcutaneously once daily for 45 days is associated with fewer cases of symptomatic VTE without an increase in major bleeding vs placebo. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are associated with lower rates of ST extension or recurrence vs placebo, but data regarding symptomatic VTE remain inconclusive. Read More

Open Forum Infect Dis 2018 Oct 1;5(10):ofy249. Epub 2018 Oct 1.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.

Background: Catheter-related septic thrombosis is suspected in patients with persistent central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) after 72 hours of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. The clinical diagnosis and management of this entity can be challenging as limited data are available. We retrospectively studied the clinical characteristics of patients with catheter-related septic thrombosis and the outcomes related to different management strategies. Read More

J Pharm Sci 2018 Nov 25;107(11):2883-2890. Epub 2018 Jul 25.

Center for Drug Delivery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30341. Electronic address:

Heparinoid is commonly used for the treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis, a condition wherein inflammation and clotting occurs in the veins below the skin surface. However, stratum corneum is a major barrier that limits the delivery of hydrophilic heparinoid, in and across the skin. The aim of the present study was to develop a nonirritant topical formulation for heparinoid incorporating chemical penetration enhancers and investigate the delivery of heparinoid across the human epidermis using in vitro vertical Franz diffusion cells. Read More

Vasc Endovascular Surg 2018 Nov 18;52(8):633-635. Epub 2018 Jun 18.

1 Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, CA, USA.

Background:: We report the case of a 90-year old woman who presented with septic pulmonary emboli due to suppurative thrombophlebitis at an old peripheral intravenous site.

Methods:: After unsuccessful treatment with antibiotics, the patient was taken to the operating room for excision and drainage of the purulent superficial vein.

Results:: We review the literature and discuss the presentation, risk factors, treatment options, and complications of this often-overlooked disease entity. Read More

Case Rep Emerg Med 2018 12;2018:4205628. Epub 2018 Apr 12.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, 36065 Santa Fe Avenue, Fort Hood, TX 76544, USA.

Dorsal Vein thrombosis, also known as Mondor's disease of the penis, is a superficial thrombophlebitis first described in the literature by Falco in 1955. Mondor's disease refers to a superficial thrombophlebitis of any locale. Diagnosis can be made clinically with palpation of a mobile, cord-like thickening on dorsum of penis without associated evidence of inflammation, infection, or dermatologic changes. Read More

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2018 24;2018:2983195. Epub 2018 Apr 24.

Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine and Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, TCM Research Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.

Acute superficial thrombophlebitis is a venous system disease. Animal models with mannitol induced phlebitis were treated with an orally administered "phlebitis ointment." 24 rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups. Read More

Intern Med 2018 Sep 18;57(18):2607-2612. Epub 2018 May 18.

Department of Diagnostic and Generalist Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Japan.

Mondor's disease (MD) is a rare disease that manifests with a palpable cord-like induration on the body surface. In general, MD is a self-limited, benign thrombophlebitis that resolves in four to eight weeks without any specific treatment. Cases of MD can be roughly categorized into three different groups based on the site of the lesion as follows: original MD of the anterolateral thoracoabdominal wall, penile MD with dorsum and dorsolateral aspects of the penis, and axillary web syndrome with mid-upper arm after axillary surgery. Read More

J Pediatr 2018 09 26;200:289. Epub 2018 Apr 26.

Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy Children's Hospital Los Angeles Department of Pediatrics Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles, California.

Minerva Med 2018 Aug 24;109(4):276-279. Epub 2018 Apr 24.

Gemelli Policlinic, Rome, Italy -

Background: Superficial thrombophlebitis (STP) is a relatively frequent pathology characterized by possible extension to the deep venous circulation, with notable local inflammatory reaction which is treated by subcutaneous administration of Fondaparinux. Stasis dermo-hypodermitis is characterized by cutaneous hyperpigmentation and eczema, treatment for which consists of the use of drugs targeting endothelial cells (mesoglycan, FFPM, sulodexide). In this study we evaluated the impact of local application of a mixture of semi-synthetic polysulfated galactosaminoglycans on the regression rate of STP and dermo-hypodermitis in patients treated with best medical therapy (BMT). Read More

Ann Vasc Dis 2018 Mar;11(1):52-56

Vascular Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.

Vascular Behçet's disease (BD) would keep risk of anastomotic pseudoaneurysm due to deterioration of the disease even after vascular surgery was successfully done. Therefore, it is one of the least-welcome diseases for vascular surgeons. There still exist several points on a concept and criteria of the vascular BD which not only general practitioners but also the vascular surgeons do not understand. Read More

Histopathology 2018 Sep 8;73(3):407-416. Epub 2018 Jun 8.

Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Aims: Interobserver reliability of histopathological features in differentiation between cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa (cPAN) and superficial thrombophlebitis (ST) by assessment of inter-rater agreement of five histological features was investigated.

Methods And Results: All sections of cPAN and ST were evaluated independently by three experienced pathologists and one resident of pathology. The histopathological features studied included elastic fibre distribution in the vascular wall, a smooth muscle arrangement pattern, an internal elastic lamina pattern, fibrinoid necrosis and luminal thrombosis. Read More

Hautarzt 2018 May;69(5):384-391

Universitäts-Hautklinik Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr. 25, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland.

Background: Deep and superficial vein thromboses as well as variceal hemorrhages are emergencies. The risk of short- and long-term morbidity and mortality in vein thromboses is increased. Variceal hemorrhage harbors the risk of massive blood loss. Read More

Vasc Specialist Int 2018 Mar 31;34(1):1-9. Epub 2018 Mar 31.

Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece.

Purpose: To identify risk factors for recurrent thromboembolic events (RTEs) and define the optimum duration of treatment with tinzaparin in patients with superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) of the lower limbs.

Materials And Methods: A total of 147 consecutive patients with significant SVT were treated with subcutaneously administered tinzaparin. The composite primary endpoint of the study was RTE, deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE) at 120 days. Read More

Fertil Steril 2018 04 28;109(4):708-719.e8. Epub 2018 Mar 28.

Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Alexandra Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Objective: To systematically review and appraise the existing evidence in relation to the efficacy and safety of pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (pGnRH) for the treatment of women with hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA).

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Setting: Not applicable. Read More

Wiad Lek 2018;71(1 pt 1):93-95

Katedra i Klinika Urologii i Onkologii Urologicznej Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Lublin, Polska.

In this article we have presented a case of 31-year-old male with thickening of the skin and tender cord of superficial veins of the penis and laboratory findings of the high titer of PM/Scl-100 antibodies in the serum. The patient was referred to the Rheumatology Department due to suspected systemic sclerosis. The HRCT scan of his lungs revealed fibrous degeneration and ground-glass opacity in the lower lobes. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Mar 15;2018. Epub 2018 Mar 15.

Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, USA.

A 46-year-old Hispanic man presented with fever, genital ulcers, left eye redness and chest pain. Physical examination was notable for a healed oral ulcer and scrotal ulcers, and bilateral superficial thrombophlebitis. He was found to have new-onset pancytopenia. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 02 25;2:CD004982. Epub 2018 Feb 25.

Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo, Italy, 66013.

Background: The optimal treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis (ST) of the legs remains poorly defined. While improving or relieving the local painful symptoms, treatment should aim at preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE), which might complicate the natural history of ST. This is the third update of a review first published in 2007. Read More

Vasc Med 2018 04 11;23(2):187-189. Epub 2018 Feb 11.

2 Johns Hopkins Center for Vascular Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2017 Dec 1;10(12):49-51. Epub 2017 Dec 1.

Dr. Tian is with Ohio State University College of Medicine in Columbus, Ohio.

Trousseau syndrome is a rare phenomenon in cancer patients characterized by superficial migratory thrombophlebitis. In this brief report, the authors describe three recent case presentations of patients without a prior history of cancer who were treated for cellulitis prior to be admitted to the hospital. All three patients were found to have "negative" testing on venous duplex scanning. Read More

Oxf Med Case Reports 2017 Aug 2;2017(8):omx036. Epub 2017 Aug 2.

Department of Radiation Oncology, Bank of Cyprus Oncology Center 2006, Strovolos 2012, Nicosia, Cyprus.

Penile Mondor's disease is a rare condition characterized by sclerosing thrombophlebitis of the superficial dorsal penile vein. Usually its causes are benign, but it is also evident in cancer patients. We report the case of a 62-year-old man with a cT4 anal cancer (infiltration of corpora spongiosa and penile bulb), associated with extensive loco-regional lymphadenopathy, who developed painful lumps in the midline of the anterior penile surface while receiving radical chemoradiotherapy. Read More

Vasc Med 2018 06 15;23(3):289-290. Epub 2018 Jan 15.

3 OhioHealth / Riverside Methodist Hospital, Dublin, OH, USA.

J Med Case Rep 2018 Jan 9;12(1). Epub 2018 Jan 9.

Professorial Medical Unit, Teaching Hospital, Jaffna, Sri Lanka.

Background: Chest pain is one of the common presenting symptoms encountered in an emergency department. Prompt history taking and careful clinical examination do help to differentiate cardiac chest pain from other causes. Mondor's disease is a rare cause of chest pain which is often underdiagnosed due to lack of awareness. Read More

Eur J Rheumatol 2017 Dec 3;4(4):239-244. Epub 2017 Nov 3.

Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Objective: Behçet's disease is heterogeneous with clinical variability across ethnicities and geographic locations. The goal of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics of our multi-ethnic Behçet's disease cohort at the University of Michigan.

Material And Methods: A detailed patient characterization was performed. Read More

Hematology 2018 Jul 21;23(6):351-356. Epub 2017 Dec 21.

h Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology , University of Toronto, Division of Hematology, Special Pregnancy Program, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto , Canada.

Objectives: As thromboembolism (TE) continues to be one of the principal causes of death in obstetrical patients and as the postpartum period is associated with the highest risk for TE, we sought to determine the risk factors associated with TE following cesarean section (CS).

Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients who had CS at a large tertiary referral center was conducted. Patients were identified through hospital medical records and were contacted approximately 1 year following their CS. Read More

Angiol Sosud Khir 2017;23(4):141-146

Vascular Surgery Department, St. Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after I.I. Dzhanelidze, Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Acute thrombosis of the lower limb deep veins remains one of the most common vascular diseases. It is characterised by formation of thrombotic masses in the system of the deep veins of the lower extremities. A serious complication associated with deep vein thrombosis is pulmonary embolism. Read More

Mil Med 2017 05;182(5):e1823-e1825

Department of Emergency Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 1 Robert Wood Johnson Place, New Brunswick, NJ 08901.

Phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD) is a rare entity that refers to a painful, edematous, and cyanotic limb due to a massive deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Due to its rarity, the exact incidence is unknown; however, it is vital that the military health care provider recognize it as the condition can be limb and life threatening. Due to the recent increase in combat-related operations, DVT has had a steady increase in the past 10 years in the military population, and as such has become a condition of special interest and surveillance in the armed forces. Read More

Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2017 Nov 20;47(10):1032-1036. Epub 2017 Nov 20.

a Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology , VIT University , Vellore , Tamil Nadu , India.

Streptokinase purified from Streptococcus equinus VIT_VB2 isolated from bovine milk sample was immobilized in various solid supports namely entrapment in agarose gel, calcium alginate beads and gelatin gel by cross-linking with formaldehyde. Immobilization of streptokinase in calcium alginate beads showed maximum efficiency (81.8 ± 1. Read More

Am J Med 2018 Mar 4;131(3):307-316.e2. Epub 2017 Oct 4.

Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn; Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn.

Background: The independent association of recent infection with venous thromboembolism is uncertain. The study aims were to test both overall infection (site unspecified) and specific infection sites as potential risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism adjusting for other known venous thromboembolism factors.

Methods: By using Rochester Epidemiology Project resources, we identified all Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents with objectively diagnosed incident deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism over the 13-year period 1988 to 2000 (cases; n = 1303) and 1 to 2 residents without venous thromboembolism matched to each case on age, sex, and incident venous thromboembolism date (controls; n = 1494). Read More

Ann Surg Treat Res 2017 Aug 28;93(2):98-102. Epub 2017 Jul 28.

Department of Surgery, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Purpose: Varicose veins with great saphenous vein (GSV) insufficiency is prevalent. Among various surgical treatments for varicose veins, cryosurgery of GSV is an alternative minimally invasive technique that could leave fewer scars and replace conventional stripping with ambulatory phlebectomy. This study sought to assess outcomes including efficacy and safety of cryosurgery for varicose veins. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2017 Jul 14;2017. Epub 2017 Jul 14.

Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal.

Cancer is frequently associated with a hypercoagulable state. Almost 15% of patients with cancer will suffer a thromboembolic event during their clinical course. The aetiology of this hypercoagulable state is multifactorial and includes procoagulant factors associated with malignancy as well as the host's inflammatory response. Read More

Kyobu Geka 2017 Jul;70(7):504-506

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Totsuka Kyoritsu Daini Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome( KTS) is a complex congenital anomaly characterized by lower extremity varix and venous malformations, port-wine stains, and soft tissue and bone hypertrophy. We present a case of a 35-year-old man of KTS with pulmonary embolism (PE). The patient was referred to our hospital complaining of the leg pain and sudden onset of dyspnea. Read More

Crit Care Nurs Q 2017 Jul/Sep;40(3):201-209

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Drs Alhassan, Gandhi, Naddour, Singh, and Bihler) and Department of Medicine (Dr Pelinescu), Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) has a wide range of clinical presentations. Deep venous thrombosis may occur in upper or lower extremities or in visceral veins. Extremity deep venous thrombosis usually manifests with unilateral painful swelling in the limb, while visceral deep venous thrombosis manifestations vary on the basis of the involved organ. Read More

Br J Haematol 2018 Jun 17;181(5):682-684. Epub 2017 Apr 17.

King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Surg Today 2017 Nov 7;47(11):1384-1390. Epub 2017 Apr 7.

Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficiency of using the Ginza forceps (DVx, Tokyo, Japan), which have a long shaft and strong grip, for superficial phlebectomy with the stab avulsion technique, during simultaneous endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of the great saphenous vein (GSV).

Methods: The subjects were patients treated with EVLA performed by a single operator at one institution. All patients had a GSV diameter of 4-10 mm and an EVLA length of the GSV of >20 cm. Read More

J Thromb Haemost 2017 06 5;15(6):1123-1131. Epub 2017 May 5.

Department of Public Health, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble University Hospital and, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France.

Essentials Long-term risk of recurrence of isolated superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) is under-studied. We analyzed data from a cohort of first SVT and proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) without cancer. The risk of recurrence as DVT or pulmonary embolism is twice lower in SVT patients. Read More

J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017 May 8;28(5):665-671. Epub 2017 Mar 8.

Division of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong Medical Centre, Queen Mary Hospital, South Wing, 14th Floor K Block, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

Purpose: To determine predictors of recanalization in patients treated with endovenous cyanoacrylate.

Methods: Follow-up by serial clinical and duplex examinations was performed at 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months of 108 legs in 55 patients (21 men, median age 65 y) with primary varicose veins treated with endovenous cyanoacrylate. Cox regression analysis was used to examine venous characteristics before the procedure: diameter of great saphenous vein (GSV), treatment length of GSV, presence of incompetent perforators, clinical severity of varicose vein, and experience of operator as predictors of recanalization. Read More

Orv Hetil 2017 Jan;158(4):129-138

II. Sebészeti Klinika, Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Budapest, Kútvölgyi út 4., 1125.

For a long time superficial thrombophlebitis has been thought to be a rather benign condition. Recently, when duplex ultrasound technique is used for the diagnosis more and more often, the disease is proved to be more dangerous than anticipated. Thrombosis propagates to the deep veins in 6-44% and pulmonary embolism was observed on the patients in 1,5-33%. Read More

Breast J 2017 Jul 12;23(4):395-400. Epub 2017 Jan 12.

Department of Pharmacy, Al Ansar General Hospital, Medina, Saudi Arabia.

Mondor's disease of the breast is a rare, benign sclerosing superficial thrombophlebitis of the subcutaneous veins of the anterior or lateral chest wall, which is treated conservatively. We aim in this study to evaluate the outcome and effectiveness of our treatment protocol using oral diclofenac sodium and topical diclofenac sodium patch in 172 patients. A retrospective database analysis of 172 female patients between January 2001 and December 2010 was done. Read More

Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2016 Nov 1;71(11):650-656. Epub 2016 Nov 1.

Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, São Paulo/SP, Brazil.

Objectives:: This study compared radiofrequency ablation versus conventional surgery in patients who had not undergone previous treatment for bilateral great saphenous vein insufficiency, with each patient serving as his own control.

Method:: This was a randomized controlled trial that included 18 patients and was carried out between November 2013 and May 2015. Each of the lower limbs of each patient was randomly assigned to undergo either radiofrequency ablation or conventional surgery. Read More

Eur J Cancer 2016 12 4;69:151-157. Epub 2016 Nov 4.

Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France. Electronic address:

Background: Patients with germ cell tumours (GCT) receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy are at high risk of thromboembolic events (TEE). Previously, we identified serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and body surface area (BSA) as independent predictive factors for TEE. The aim of this study was to validate these predictive factors and to assess the impact of thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients at risk of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Read More

Phys Ther Sport 2017 Jan 4;23:133-135. Epub 2016 Sep 4.

Department of Internal Medicine, Central Hospital of Bolzano|Bozen, Lorenz-Böhler-Street 5, 39100, Bolzano|Bozen (BZ), Italy. Electronic address:

Objective: To describe the association of bodybuilding abdominal exercise with the development of superficial sclerosing thrombophlebitis of the anterolateral thoracoabdominal wall.

Design: A single case study.

Setting: University-affiliated regional community hospital. Read More