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Curr Opin Urol 2022 Jul;32(4):339-343

Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy.

Purpose Of Review: The 5th edition of WHO classification incorporates the most relevant new data available in the literature regarding tumors of the male genitourinary tract. In this review, the authors summarize and critically discuss the most relevant new information regarding tumors occurring in the stromal testis and in the paratestis that will be reported in the new edition of WHO classification of tumors of the male genitourinary tract.

Recent Findings: Signet-ring stromal tumors (SRST) and myoid gonadal stromal tumors (MGST) are two new entities brought in the 5th WHO classification of testicular tumors. Read More

Curr Opin Urol 2022 Jun 27. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy.

Purpose Of Review: The 5th edition of WHO classification incorporates the most relevant new data available in the literature regarding tumors of the male genitourinary tract. In this review, the authors summarize and critically discuss the most relevant new information regarding tumors occurring in the stromal testis and in the paratestis that will be reported in the new edition of WHO classification of tumors of the male genitourinary tract.

Recent Findings: Signet-ring stromal tumors (SRST) and myoid gonadal stromal tumors (MGST) are two new entities brought in the 5th WHO classification of testicular tumors. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2022 31;9:816012. Epub 2022 May 31.

Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Institute of Urology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Objectives: To report the first series of testicular sex cord-stromal tumors (TSCSTs) with detailed clinicopathologic findings and long-term follow-up in the Chinese population.

Patients And Methods: From 2008 to 2018, 15 patients with TSCST were included in our study. The tumors were analyzed for epidemiological parameters, clinical characteristics, tumor markers, therapy, and follow-up data. Read More

Eur J Med Res 2022 May 12;27(1):67. Epub 2022 May 12.

Service de Radiologie, APHP Hôpitaux Paris Saclay, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, 157 rue de la porte de trivaux, 92140, Clamart, France.

Background: We report the challenging case of a 6-year-old boy with precocious puberty related to histologically proven Leydig cell tumor.

Case Presentation: Multiparametric ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. Interesting findings were scarcely or never reported in children and differed from adults Leydig cell tumors s such as the hyperechogenic halo surrounding the lesion and the dominant central vascularization using ultrasensitive Doppler. Read More

Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2022 Apr-Jun;65(2):444-447

Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.

The diagnosis of myoid gonadal stromal tumor (MSGT) can represent a difficult challenge, both for the extreme rarity of this neoplasm and for the clinical-radiological characteristics similar to other neoplasms of the testicle. The case management we present suggests how a complete differential diagnosis can be obtained by integrating ultrasonographic and pathological data. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 Mar 18;15(3). Epub 2022 Mar 18.

Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Within the group of gonadal sex cord-stromal tumours, microcystic stromal tumour (MCST) is a rare entity. In the literature, most case series and reviews discussed MCST arising in the ovary, only one case-report concerned a testicular MCST. We present a Caucasian man in his late 30s, who presented with an MCST in his right testis. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2022 Apr 9;93:106923. Epub 2022 Mar 9.

Department of Oncology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.

Introduction And Importance: The neoplasms of the testis are sporadic tumors among men. Furthermore, the rarest subset of these is neoplasms belonging to the stromal tumors of the sex cord. Leydig cell tumors are the most common form among the testicular stromal tumors. Read More

Front Immunol 2021 10;12:720359. Epub 2022 Jan 10.

Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Background: Testicular sex cord stromal tumours (TSCSTs) are rare, with few studies focusing on the metastatic TSCST prognosis. The value of treatments, including radical orchiectomy (RO) and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND), in preventing metastasis is controversial. Additionally, metastatic TSCSTs are resistant to chemotherapy. Read More

Am J Surg Pathol 2022 05;46(5):688-700

Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.

We present a series of 18 (8 clinically benign, 8 clinically ambiguous [ie, lacking sufficient follow-up to determine behavior], and 2 clinically malignant) large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumors (LCCSCT) of the testis. The median patient age and size were 15.5 years and 1. Read More

Mod Pathol 2022 05 29;35(5):697-704. Epub 2021 Nov 29.

Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Testicular adult granulosa cell tumor (AGCT) is a rare type of sex-cord stromal tumor that affects patients of a wide age range and has the potential for late metastasis. In the testis, the diagnosis of AGCTs often requires the exclusion of other more common types of sex-cord stromal tumors. Immunohistochemistry is of limited utility, being used mostly to confirm sex-cord lineage and to exclude other entities when morphology is not typical. Read More

Histopathology 2022 Mar 5;80(4):677-685. Epub 2022 Jan 5.

Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Aims: Large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumour (LCCSCT) is a rare testicular sex cord-stromal tumour that primarily affects young patients and is associated with Carney complex. We sought to characterise the clinicopathological features of a series of LCCSCT and evaluate the diagnostic utility of PRKAR1A immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Methods And Results: The LCCSCT cohort (n = 15) had a median age of 16 years (range = 2-30 years). Read More

Andrologia 2021 Dec 8;53(11):e14222. Epub 2021 Sep 8.

nOvum Fertility Clinic, Warszawa, Poland.

Leydig cell tumours are the most common sex cord-stromal tumours. In the last years, apparent increased incidence is noted while aetiology of the tumour is still unknown. Therefore, here, we focused on the genetics of Leydig cell tumours using the next-generation sequencing. Read More

Urol Ann 2021 Jul-Sep;13(3):308-311. Epub 2021 Jun 23.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Sex cord-stromal tumors are the second most common testicular tumors after germ cell tumors. They account for about 2%-5% of adult testicular tumors. Most of these tumors are benign. Read More

Urologe A 2021 Jul 5;60(7):880-885. Epub 2021 Jul 5.

Abteilung für Klinische und Operative Andrologie, Centrum für Reproduktionsmedizin und Andrologie (CeRA), EAA Training Center, WHO Kooperationszentrum zur Erforschung der männlichen Fertilität, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D11, 48149, Münster, Deutschland.

Background: Tumors of the testes not originating from germinal epithelium are a rare entity and represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Leydig cell tumors (LCT) are rare stromal tumors of the testis.

Objectives: To present current approaches in diagnostic and treatment of LCT. Read More

Urologe A 2021 Jul 29;60(7):872-879. Epub 2021 Jun 29.

II. Medizinische Klinik, Onkologisches Zentrum, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland.

Background: Rare tumors of the testis not originating from germinal epithelium are a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

Objectives: To present current approaches in rare tumors of the testis using the examples of Sertoli cell tumor (SCT) and malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginal testis (MMTVT).

Methods: A literature search in PubMed and the abstract databases of ASCO and ESMO was performed. Read More

Mod Pathol 2021 10 8;34(10):1935-1946. Epub 2021 Jun 8.

Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Testicular Leydig cell tumor (LCT), the most common sex-cord stromal tumor in men, represents a small fraction of all testicular tumors (~1 to 3%). Although most testicular LCTs are indolent and cured by radical orchiectomy, 5-10% have aggressive biology and metastatic potential. In primary LCTs, large size, cytologic atypia, necrosis, increased mitotic activity, and vascular invasion have been associated with clinically aggressive tumors. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2021 Sep 14;38:101718. Epub 2021 May 14.

Department of Urology and Andrology, University Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Adult Granulosa Cell Tumor of the Testis (AGCTT) is a rare sex-cord stromal tumor. About 73 cases have been previously reported in the literature. We report a case of AGCTT in a 64 years old male, located in the left testis. Read More

Asian J Surg 2021 Dec 21;44(12):1503-1509. Epub 2021 Apr 21.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. Electronic address:

Testis-sparing surgery (TSS) has been increasingly used for treating a variety of testicular tumors (TTs) in children. However, the indications and feasibility associated with TSS remain uncertain. This study aimed to present the clinical outcomes of TSS in children with TTs. Read More

Adv Anat Pathol 2021 Jul;28(4):258-275

Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.

Testicular tumors are incredibly diverse and one of the most challenging areas in surgical pathology. Because of the rarity and overlapping features with numerous entities occurring in the testis and paratestis, these tumors pose a diagnostic challenge even to the most experienced general pathologists. In 2016, the latest "World Health Organization (WHO) classification of testicular tumors" was released, which incorporated several updates to the previous 2004 classification system. Read More

Urology 2021 07 3;153:17-18. Epub 2021 Apr 3.

Advanced Urology and West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, 1717 Harper Road, Third Floor, Suite A, Beckley, WV 25801.

Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumors, also known as Testicular Tumors of the Androgenital Syndrome, are benign tumors found in the testes of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. While considered benign, they are significant in that they can proliferate within the rete testis and cause infertility. We present a patient who appeared to have findings consistent with testicular adrenal rest tumors and is in the process of malignancy rule out. Read More

Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021 06 24;68 Suppl 4:e29017. Epub 2021 Mar 24.

Gustave Roussy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.

As part of the European Union-funded project designated Paediatric Rare Tumours Network - European Registry (PARTNER), the European Cooperative Study Group for Pediatric Rare Tumors (EXPeRT) is continuously developing consensus recommendations in order to harmonize standard care for very rare solid tumors of children and adolescents. This paper presents the internationally recognized recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of sex cord stromal tumors (SCST). The clinical approach to sex cord stromal tumors of the testis (TSCST) and ovary (OSCST) depends on histological differentiation and tumor stage. Read More

Acta Med Port 2021 Feb 22;34(2):137-139. Epub 2020 Sep 22.

Unidade de Saúde Familiar do Dafundo. Lisboa. Portugal.

Gynecomastia is a frequent sign that may be physiological or caused by various benign or malignant diseases. In rare cases, it may be caused by testicular tumors. We describe a case of progressive gynecomastia at age 20 due to a Leydig cell tumor of the right testicle in a patient with a previous history of left-sided cryptorchidism. Read More

Transl Androl Urol 2020 Dec;9(6):2836-2841

Department of Pathology, The First Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.

Testicular sex cord-stromal tumors are less common in men, while mixed sex cord-stromal tumors (MSCSTs) are rarer. Recently, we found a MSCST in an adult male testis [adult granulosa cell tumor (AGCT) with Sertoli cell tumor]. He was admitted to the hospital based on "left testicular bloating and dull pain for 20 years and aggravating for 10 days". Read More

Pediatr Surg Int 2021 May 17;37(5):607-616. Epub 2021 Jan 17.

Pediatric Surgery and Urology Division, Hospital Italiano of Buenos Aires, Andrés Lamas 812, 1406, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Purpose: Although surgical therapy for testicular tumors (TT) is often radical orchidectomy, tumor resection with preservation of healthy testicular parenchyma has been proposed. This study herein reports a 20 year single center experience applying testicular sparing surgery (TSS) as a primary operative strategy in pediatric patients. A systematic literature review summarizes the utility and outcomes of TSS in appropriately selected patients. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2020 Dec 29;22(1). Epub 2020 Dec 29.

The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.

The mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) has been shown to bind cholesterol with high affinity and is involved in mediating its availability for steroidogenesis. We recently reported that targeted gene deletion in MA-10 mouse tumor Leydig cells resulted in reduced cAMP-stimulated steroid formation and significant reduction in the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ) compared to control cells. We hypothesized that ΔΨ reduction in the absence of TSPO probably reflects the dysregulation and/or maintenance failure of some basic mitochondrial function(s). Read More

Pathology 2021 Feb 25;53(2):166-169. Epub 2020 Dec 25.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

Mixed germ cell-sex cord stromal tumours (MGC-SCSTs) of the testis and ovary differ significantly in their histological appearance, clinical behaviour, and molecular genetics. Until recently, the germ cells of testicular MGC-SCST were considered to be invariably histologically bland, whereas those from neoplasms that arise in the ovary have histological features characteristic of premalignancy. However, a recent histological and molecular genetic study demonstrated histological abnormalities and multiple chromosomal losses and gains in a small subset of testicular cases, thus providing the first evidence that testicular MGC-SCSTs can exceptionally show histological and molecular abnormalities. Read More

Urologe A 2021 Feb;60(2):222-225

Klinik für Kinderurologie in Kooperation mit der Universität Regensburg, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder, Klinik St. Hedwig, Steinmetzstraße 1-3, 93049, Regensburg, Deutschland.

Juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the testis is a relevant differential diagnosis regarding testicular neoplasia of the very young. This benign lesion requires surgical treatment. Metastases or recurrences have not been described in literature. Read More

Am J Mens Health 2020 Sep-Oct;14(5):1557988320970071

Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan.

The risk of a gonadal tumor is high in testicular disorder of sexual development (DSD) with the Y chromosome, but cases of DSD without the Y chromosome are extremely rare. We reported a gonadal tumor in a phenotypically male individual with 46, XX testicular DSD. A testicular tumor was incidentally found in a 32-year-old phenotypic male who was presented to the hospital with male infertility. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2021 02 15;17(1):48.e1-48.e6. Epub 2020 Oct 15.

Division of Urology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address:

Introduction: Pediatric Leydig cell tumors (LCTs) represent approximately 4% of pre-pubertal testicular tumors and are known to cause precocious puberty secondary to testosterone production. While gonadotropins and testosterone are known to initiate spermatogenesis beginning in puberty, it is yet to be determined if a similar phenomenon is triggered by isolated testosterone production in prepubescent boys.

Objective: To determine if testicular pathology in pre-pubertal pediatric patients with LCTs exhibit spermatogenesis secondary to paracrine testosterone stimulation. Read More

Ann Diagn Pathol 2020 Dec 17;49:151644. Epub 2020 Oct 17.

Department of Pathology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň, Pilsen, Czech Republic. Electronic address:

NKX3.1 is considered a reliable immunohistochemical marker of prostatic origin with high specificity and sensitivity. However, NKX3. Read More