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Hum Exp Toxicol 2022 Jan-Dec;41:9603271221102515

Department of Pharmacology, 63527Faculty of Medicine Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.

Testicular torsion is an emergency, mainly in newborn and adolescent males, resulting in testicular ischemia. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of Idebenone (IDE) on testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D) in juvenile rats. Thirty-two rats were randomized into: (1) the sham group: rats received sham operations with no other interventions; (2) the IDE group: rats received idebenone (100 mg/kg, i. Read More

Animal Model Exp Med 2022 May 20. Epub 2022 May 20.

Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Testicular torsion (TT) is an acute inflammatory process leading to male infertility. Today, anti-inflammatory effects of exosomes derived from blood serum are used in various laboratory procedures. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effects of blood-serum-derived exosomes in treatment of acute inflammation following TT in mice were evaluated. Read More

Galen Med J 2021 5;10:e2029. Epub 2022 Feb 5.

Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) induced by testicular torsion can damage the testicles. In the present study, we assessed the effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and diamond nanoparticles on sperm parameters in I/R testes in rats.

Materials And Methods: Forty-eight Wistar adult male rats were divided into eight groups: healthy control (Ch), diamond nanoparticle healthy control group (Ch+Dia), CoQ10 healthy control group (Ch+Q10), diamond nanoparticles+CoQ10 healthy control group (Ch+Q10+Dia), torsion/detorsion group (Ct), the Ct group that received diamond nanoparticles (Ct+Dia), the Ct group that received CoQ10 (Ct+Q10), and Ct group that received diamond nanoparticles and CoQ10 (Ct+Q10+Dia). Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2022 Apr 14. Epub 2022 Apr 14.

Department of Biochemistry, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.

Introduction: Ischemia/reperfusion injury occurs after testicular torsion, levels of free oxygen radicals and inflammatory cytokines are increased in both the torsional and contralateral testis, leading to testicular injury.

Objective: The present study investigated whether orchiopexy or orchiectomy after testicular torsion was superior in terms of fertility potential in the long term.

Study Design: Following 720°, 4 h left testicular torsion, orchiectomy or orchiopexy was performed on 84 rats, which were then sacrificed and evaluated for testicular function at day 1, at 3 months and 6 months (n = 14 per group). Read More

Asian J Androl 2022 Apr 29. Epub 2022 Apr 29.

Woman and Child Hospital, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Pediatric Fertility Lab, Pediatric Surgical Unit, Verona 37100, Italy.

Urol Case Rep 2022 May 17;42:102032. Epub 2022 Feb 17.

Institute of Urology, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Suite 7416, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.

Complete testicular epididymal dissociations are exceedingly rare conditions where the epididymis and the vas deferens are completely dissociated from the testicle. We present the case of a 46-year-old male with a history of chronic, intermittent and severe left testicular pain who was found to have a complete testicular epididymal dissociation at the time of surgical exploration and bilateral orchidopexy. Microsurgical approximation of the tail of the epididymis to the tunica albuginea of the testis with reapproximating the muscularis of the spermatic cord to the epididymal appendage was performed with subsequent relief of symptoms. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2022 May 16;42:102035. Epub 2022 Feb 16.

Department of Urology, Mohamed VI University Hospital Center, Mohamed I University, Oujda, Morocco.

Undescended testis is a common situation in pediatric age groups, often asymptomatic. Torsion of an undescended testis remains an exceptional condition. Delayed diagnosis in many cases involves the prognosis of the testis, hence the importance of a correct clinical assessment including the examination of the external genitalia. Read More

Emerg Med J 2022 May 6. Epub 2022 May 6.

Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan.

Background: Previous studies have examined the utility of ultrasonography performed by radiologists for diagnosing paediatric testicular torsion. While point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is used in paediatric emergency medicine, its diagnostic accuracy is still unknown.

Objectives: The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the accuracy of POCUS in diagnosing testicular torsion in children. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2022 Jul 25;43:102097. Epub 2022 Apr 25.

The Tweed Hospital, Tweed Heads, NSW, 2485, Australia.

Vasitis is a rare disorder characterised by inflammation of the vas deferens. It presents with scrotal or inguinal pain/swelling, mimicking the more commonly occurring conditions such as epididymitis, orchitis, testicular torsion or an incarcerated inguinal hernia. While ultrasound may exclude some of these differential diagnoses, computed tomography (CT) or Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is needed to distinguish vasitis from an incarcerated inguinal hernia. Read More

Sisli Etfal Hastan Tip Bul 2022 28;56(1):49-54. Epub 2022 Mar 28.

Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Şanlıurfa Training and Research Hospital, Şanlıurfa, Turkey.

Objectives: We aimed to reveal the change of urological emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the same period of the previous year.

Methods: The number of admissions to the emergency department (ED), admissions to the urology outpatient clinic, emergency urological consultations, and urological and emergency urological surgeries during the periods April-November-2019 and April-November-2020 were recorded. The data of the COVID-19 period were compared with the previous year. Read More

Asian J Urol 2022 Apr 17;9(2):152-156. Epub 2021 Jul 17.

Department of Emergency Medicine, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.

Objective: Male paediatric patients presenting with abdominal and/or testicular pain are common in the emergency department. As a time-sensitive diagnosis, the importance of early recognition, referral, and definitive management is critical. Missed or delayed diagnoses and management of testicular torsion can result in significant long-term sequelae including impaired fertility and psychological burden. Read More

Can Vet J 2022 05;63(5):515-520

Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA (Slaughter, Eitzer, Tolliver, Holman, Colopy, Hoey, Loeber); School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland (Hoey).

A 14-week-old male unilaterally cryptorchid Clumber spaniel was presented for acute lethargy. Physical examination revealed abdominal pain, and a single testis was palpated in the scrotum. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) revealed a poorly vascularized, ovoid structure immediately caudal to the left kidney with scant regional peritoneal effusion. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2022 Jun 19;17(6):2191-2194. Epub 2022 Apr 19.

Department of Radiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Rm. 3428, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.

Splenogonadal fusion is a rare, frequently misdiagnosed, congenital anomaly in which the splenic tissue is abnormally attached to the gonadal or mesonephric remnants. It is commonly found as an incidental finding at autopsy, during orchiopexy or hernia repair. However, it can present as a testicular mass or as an acute scrotal pathology such as testicular torsion or epididymoorchitis. Read More

Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2022 May;28(5):563-569

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Harran University Faculty of Medicine, Şanlıurfa-Turkey.

Background: Testicular torsion is a urological emergency that requires urgent surgical intervention which results in testicular loss if not diagnosed and treated in a timely fashion. Ischemic tissue damage with oxygen deficiency, which starts with the decrease in blood flow to the tissue, continues to increase with the reoxygenation of the damaged tissues as soon as reperfusion is achieved. In various studies, osthole has also been shown to reduce cerebral, spinal cord, intestinal, renal, and myocardial ischemia/perfusion (I/R) damage. Read More

Front Pediatr 2022 11;10:823374. Epub 2022 Apr 11.

Department of Urology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China.

Supernumerary testis (SNT), or polyorchidism, is a rare congenital anomaly of the genitourinary tract, described as the presence of more than two testicles. Testicular torsion (TT) in unilateral SNT is extremely rare. We report a case of unilateral SNT in a 16-year-old boy accompanied by TT, which was diagnosed preoperatively based on the outcomes of physical examination and ultrasound and confirmed intraoperatively. Read More

Dis Mon 2022 Apr 25:101383. Epub 2022 Apr 25.

Sacred Heart University Physician Assistant Studies, Fairfield, CT, United States.

Einstein (Sao Paulo) 2022 20;20:eAO6605. Epub 2022 Apr 20.

Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.

Objective: To assess testicular volumes and sexual maturation in patients with testicular torsion.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of consecutively treated patients with testicular torsion between 2016 and 2018. Age, pubic hair staging (Tanner), and by ultrasonography, volume of the unaffected testis (in cubic centimeters) were evaluated either immediately before surgery or at the first postoperative visit. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2022 Jun 13;17(6):2150-2154. Epub 2022 Apr 13.

Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242-1077, USA.

Segmental testicular infarct is a rare clinical entity and can be a diagnostic challenge. Although cases are often idiopathic, underlying etiologies can include testicular torsion, epididymo-orchitis, trauma, vasculitis, and hypercoagulable states. Once suspected, an underlying testicular neoplasm should be excluded. Read More

Med Ultrason 2022 Apr 18. Epub 2022 Apr 18.

Department of Radiology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, 7, Keunjaebong-gil, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18450, Republic of Korea.

Aims: To develop a decision tree model using US features to differentiate testicular torsion and other conditions of acute scrotum and to investigate predictive parameters of unsalvageable testis in testicular torsion.

Materials And Methods: Scrotal US was reviewed in patients aged <30 years who presented with acute scrotum from 2014 to 2020. US findings of whirlpool sign, testicular volume ratio, heterogeneous echotexture, testicular vascularity, epididymis enlargement and/or hyperemia, and avascular nodule were evaluated and compared. Read More

Can J Urol 2022 04;29(2):11095-11100

Department of Urology, Sant'Eugenio Hospital, Rome, Italy.

Introduction: The worldwide spread of SARS-COV2 had led to a delay in treatment of numerous urological pathologies, even in emergency conditions. We therefore sought to determine whether the timing of diagnosis and treatment and the postoperative outcome of patients with testicular torsion had been changed during the COVID pandemic.

Materials And Methods: We considered all patients evaluated in the emergency department (ED) for testicular torsion from February 2018 to August 2019 (pre-COVID period) and from February 2020 to August 2021 (during COVID pandemic). Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2022 Mar 26. Epub 2022 Mar 26.

Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.

Introduction: In testicular torsion (TT), delayed emergency scrotal exploration (ESE) increases the risk of orchidectomy. Transfer of a patient with suspected TT from a district general hospital (DGH) to a paediatric surgical centre (PSC) delays ESE and potentially puts them at increased risk of testicular loss. Prior to 1st January 2017, all boys under aged <16 years presenting to a DGH within the East Midlands Clinical Network (EMCN) would be referred to the PSC. Read More

Indian J Urol 2022 Apr-Jun;38(2):135-139. Epub 2022 Apr 1.

Department of Anaesthesia, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Introduction: Testicular torsion is a urological emergency, and long-term outcomes of testicular torsion on infertility, hormonal function, and salvaged testicular size are unclear.

Materials And Methods: We conducted an ambispective, observational study from January 2014 to December 2019. Baseline demographics, time of presentation, clinical features, and management details of all the patients of testicular torsion were recorded from the database. Read More

Andrology 2022 Apr 10. Epub 2022 Apr 10.

Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

Background: Testicular torsion/detorsion can lead to severe testicular damage. The organ-protective effect of remote ischemic postconditioning (RLIPost) against ischemia/reperfusion injury has been characterized; however, it remains unknown whether RLIPost has a testicular protective effect.

Objectives: Here, we tested the hypothesis that RLIPost can protect the testes in a rat model of testicular torsion/detorsion in vivo. Read More

Radiographics 2022 May-Jun;42(3):741-758. Epub 2022 Apr 8.

From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, PO Box 208042, Room TE-2, New Haven, CT 06520 (N.K., N. Solomon, M.V.R.); Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (N. Segaran); Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Department of Radiology, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY (J.S.P.); Department of Radiology, NYU Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY (D.S.K.); and Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (M.M.).

A wide range of benign and malignant processes can affect the spermatic cord (SC). Familiarity with and recognition of the characteristic imaging features of these entities are imperative for accurate diagnosis and optimal clinical care. While some SC diseases are self-limiting, others can result in infertility and potentially life-threatening infection or bleeding if they are left untreated. Read More

Emerg Radiol 2022 Jun;29(3):621

Department of Urology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.

Int Braz J Urol 2022 Jul-Aug;48(4):706-711

Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Urology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.

Purpose: Compartment Syndrome (CS) has been recognized as a potential factor that worsens testicular viability after detorsion, especially in borderline cases of prolonged ischemia. Fasciotomy of the testicular tunica albuginea to relieve the pressure associated with CS has been proposed to accommodate edema after detorsion, embracing the raw fasciotomy area with tunica vaginalis flap (TVF) or graft. Fashioning the TVF can be tedious in cases of severe scrotal edema. Read More

Cureus 2022 Mar 2;14(3):e22775. Epub 2022 Mar 2.

Urology, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, GBR.

This case report highlights a case of testicular torsion in a man over the age of 25 with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), who presented with an atypical pain history, and a Testicular Workup for Ischaemia and Suspected Torsion (TWIST) score negative for exploration. However, based purely on the examination findings, scrotal exploration was performed and a torted testis was found. The report demonstrates that in this cohort of patients, a higher index of suspicion is needed to ensure early recognition of the condition. Read More

Pediatr Surg Int 2022 Jun 2;38(6):907-911. Epub 2022 Apr 2.

Department of Radiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Konya City Hospital, Konya, Turkey.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate sonographic testicular volume of patients who underwent surgical detorsion due to testicular torsion and to reveal the frequency of long-term testicular volume loss and the factors affecting it.

Method: The files of patients who underwent surgical detorsion due to unilateral testicular torsion in our hospital between 2011 and 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Age at the time of detorsion surgery, time from the onset of pain to surgery, degree of torsion, and ultrasonographic testicular volumes before detorsion were noted. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2022 Apr 28;93:106959. Epub 2022 Mar 28.

Department of Radiology, Mogadishu Somalia Turkish Training and Research Hospital, Somalia.

Introduction And Importance: Cystic scrotal lymphangiomas are very uncommon lesions caused by congenital lymphatic malformation. These tumors are usually located in the neck and axilla, occasionally in the mediastinum, retroperitoneum, and thigh. The scrotum and perineum are the least frequented sites. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2022 22;2022:3176455. Epub 2022 Mar 22.

Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.

Introduction: Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency that results in testicular ischemia as a result of rotation of the spermatic cord around itself. Oxidative damage occurs in the testis and distant organs with the overproduction of free radicals and overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines by reperfusion after surgery. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of cerium oxide (CeO), an antioxidant nanoparticle, on lung and kidney tissues in testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D) in rats. Read More