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Mol Clin Oncol 2020 Jul 23;13(1):19-22. Epub 2020 Apr 23.

Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.

Cavernous hemangioma is a congenital, benign vascular tumor that occurs in the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Testicular cavernous hemangioma is extremely rare, mostly occurring during childhood or adolescence. Testicular cavernous hemangioma is a benign tumor that appears as a slowly growing painless mass. Read More

Pediatr Surg Int 2020 May 13. Epub 2020 May 13.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr Sami Ulus Gynecology, Obstetrics and Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Beştepeler Mah, Alparslan Türkeş Cad. No: 27, 06560, Beştepe, Ankara, Turkey.

Purpose: Perinatal testicular torsion is a rare condition in which testicular salvage rates are significantly low and management is controversial. We retrospectively evaluated our patients and aimed to go through our management approach.

Methods: The newborn patients who underwent surgery for testicular torsion in two tertiary referral centers between 2000 and 2019 are enrolled. Read More

Andrologia 2020 May 13:e13618. Epub 2020 May 13.

Department of Ultrasound, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.

The measurement of compartment pressure is a direct method to objectively evaluate suspected compartment syndrome. However, to evaluate the evolving compartment syndrome, one needs to measure the pressure repeatedly, which may aggravate the damage of tissue. Despite several suggested approaches, an effective, noninvasive and sustainable method to detect testicular compartment syndrome is still lacking. Read More

Andrologia 2020 May 13:e13616. Epub 2020 May 13.

Department of Urology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.

Ranolazine is a drug used in refractory chronic stable angina. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the protective effect of ranolazine in a testis torsion model in light of objective biochemical and pathological data. A total of 24 pre-pubertal male Wistar albino rats were separated into three groups of 8 as the sham group, control group and ranolazine group. Read More

Curr Med Sci 2020 Apr 26;40(2):332-338. Epub 2020 Apr 26.

Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.

The efficacy of intraperitoneal GYY4137 therapy and intratesticular GYY4137 therapy in an experimental rat model was investigated. Four groups were set up as the sham-operation group, torsion/detorsion (T/D) group, T/D plus intraperitoneal GYY4137 (G-IP) group, and T/D plus intratesticular GYY4137 (G-IT) group. In order to establish a testicular T/D model, the left testis was operated and the rotation reached 720° clockwise which lasted 1 h before reperfusion. Read More

Emerg Med Clin North Am 2020 May;38(2):383-400

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 4th floor, 801 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02119, USA.

More than half of pediatric malpractice cases arise from emergency departments, primarily due to missed or delayed diagnoses. All providers who take care of children in emergency departments should be aware of this risk and the most common diagnoses associated with medicolegal liability. This article focuses on diagnosis and management of high-risk diagnoses in pediatric patients presenting to emergency departments, including meningitis, pneumonia, appendicitis, testicular torsion, and fracture. Read More

J Int Med Res 2020 Apr;48(4):300060520918792

Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.

Niger Postgrad Med J 2020 Apr-Jun;27(2):132-135

Department of Surgery; Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria.

Introduction: Paediatric urology is one of the subspecialities of urology, and in most climes, it is practised by the urologists and paediatric surgeons, and likewise in the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH). The urologists see and manage most of these cases in LASUTH. There has been no formal training in this subspeciality. Read More

J Urol 2020 Apr 15:101097JU0000000000001047. Epub 2020 Apr 15.

Am J Emerg Med 2020 Apr 1. Epub 2020 Apr 1.

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. Electronic address:

Testicular torsion is a common urologic emergency and one of the causes of genital injury in males. Hence, early diagnosis and treatment are necessary to prevent testicular damage and infertility. It has been proved that topiramate (TPM) a medication used to treat epilepsy and prevent migraines has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. Read More

Urology 2020 Apr 10. Epub 2020 Apr 10.

Department of Paediatric Surgery, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, South Australia.

Objective: To investigate and compare the risks vs benefits of synchronous contralateral scrotal compartment exploration when testicular appendage torsion is diagnosed intra-operatively.

Methods: Emergency scrotal explorations performed at the Women's and Children's Hospital between 2002 and 2017 were retrospectively analysed to identify patients with testicular appendage torsion. Primary outcome measures were metachronous acute scrotum re-presentations and returns to theatre. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2020 Mar 7. Epub 2020 Mar 7.

Department of Surgery, Federal University of Minas Gerais, (UFMG), Brazil. Electronic address:

Purpose: Testicular torsion is an urological emergency and an important cause of male infertility. Recent studies have shown that not only ischemia, but also the restoration of blood flow creates a deleterious situation for the testis. The goal of this work was to evaluate the role of systemic epithelial growth factor application and its association with decompressive fasciotomy in tissue recovery of the testes undergoing the torsion of the spermatic cord. Read More

Clin Exp Pediatr 2020 Mar 23. Epub 2020 Mar 23.

Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea.

Cryptorchidism or undescended testis is the single most common genitourinary disease in male neonates. In most cases, the testes will descend spontaneously by three months of age. If the testes do not descend by six months of age, the probability of spontaneous descent thereafter is low. Read More

Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2019 Nov;25(11):1005-1010

Department of Urology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of incomplete testicular torsion (ITT) in children in order to gain a deeper insight into the disease.

Methods: This retrospective study included 37 children with ITT treated in our hospital from April 2007 to April 2017. We analyzed the clinical characteristics and results of physical examination, laboratory examination, ultrasonography and treatment. Read More

Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2019 Jun;25(6):539-543

Department of Urology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China.

Objective: To further understand the clinical features of <360-degree testicular torsion (TT) in children and better predict its prognosis.

Methods: This retrospective study included 73 cases of TT surgically confirmed in our hospital from January 2007 to January 2017, which, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were divided into groups A (TT of <360 degrees, n = 26) and B (TT of ≥360 degrees, n = 47). We sorted out the clinical data through the hospital medical information management system and analyzed the clinical characteristics and treatment of the cases. Read More

Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2019 Apr;25(5):309-314

Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China.

Objective: To investigate the effects of melatonin on the oxidative stress and signaling pathways of apoptosis-related genes following testicular torsion/detorsion in male rats.

Methods: Twenty-four healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control, a torsion and a melatonin group of equal number. The torsion model was made in the animals of the latter two groups by 720° torsion of the left testis for 2 hours. Read More

Acta Cir Bras 2020 20;35(1):e202000103. Epub 2020 Mar 20.

MD, Hitit University Erol Olcok Training and Research Hospital , Department of Pediatric Surgery , Çorum , Turkey . Acquisition of data, manuscript preparation.

Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of Ganoderma lucidum on testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D)-induced ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.

Methods: Thirty male Wistar albino rats were randomly categorized into 3 groups: Group 1: sham, Group 2 ( T/D): 2,5 hours of ischemia and 7 days of reperfusion, Group 3 (T/D+ G. lucidum ): 2,5 hours of ischemia and 7 days of reperfusion and 7 days of 20 mg/kg via gastric gavage G. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2020 9;68:224-227. Epub 2020 Mar 9.

Department of Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Unit, Cairo University Specialized Pediatric Hospital (CUSPH), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address:

Introduction: Cryptorchidism is defined as the absence of one or both testicles from the scrotum, which is considered one of the most common birth defects of male genitalia. Mostly the undescended testes are in the inguinal region, while the intra-abdominal location accounts for only 10 % of the cases. The potential risk of malignant transformation in an undescended testis is approximately 2. Read More

J Pediatr Surg 2020 Feb 24. Epub 2020 Feb 24.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.

Purpose: Testicular torsion is one of the most common causes of acute scrotum in pediatric age. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of preoperative manual detorsion in the management of testicular torsion.

Methods: Retrospective data analysis of pediatric patients treated for acute testicular torsion at a tertiary center over the last 5 years. Read More

Ultrasonography 2020 Apr 4;39(2):152-158. Epub 2020 Jan 4.

Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.

Purpose: We aimed to document the time of onset of ultrasonographic and histologic changes in the testes of a rat model following testicular torsion.

Methods: Twenty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. All animals underwent preoperative Doppler ultrasonography. Read More

Med Ultrason 2020 03;22(1):43-48

Department of Ultrasound, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.

Aim: To evaluate the clinical value of real-time shear wave elastography (SWE) in differential diagnosis of testicular torsion and acute orchiditis.

Material And Methods: During a 3-year period, 14 cases of testicular torsion and 16 cases of acute orchiditis met the inclusion criteria. Young's modulus maximum hardness (Emax) of testicular capsule region, middle testicular parenchyma, warped spermatic segment or inferior spermatic segment was measured in each group. Read More

Vet Pathol 2020 May 25;57(3):418-426. Epub 2020 Feb 25.

Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.

This is a histopathologic and endocrinologic study of 6 calves diagnosed with cryptorchidism. Cases 1-3 were diagnosed as resembling testicular regression syndrome. In cases 1 and 2, the extracted tissue was a small, firm, gray-white mass, and there was lack of obvious testicular tissue in case 3. Read More

Case Rep Urol 2019 28;2019:5815036. Epub 2019 Dec 28.

Department of Surgery and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Niamey, Niamey, Niger.

. Intra-abdominal testicular torsion is a rare event. We report hereby our experience of the management of a spermatic cord twist on intra-abdominal testis discovered during an acute surgical abdomen. Read More

Pediatr Surg Int 2020 Apr 18;36(4):529-536. Epub 2020 Feb 18.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the function of the contralateral testis after unilateral testicular torsion (UTT) and its possible mechanism.

Methods: 56 rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A: Sham operation, Group B: Testicular torsion (TT)+normal saline (NS), Group C: Testicular torsion (TT)+cyclosporine, Group D: Testicular torsion (TT)+NG-Monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). The right testes were removed 1 week and 8 weeks after surgery, respectively. Read More

Can J Urol 2020 Feb;27(1):10135-10137

Division of Urology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.

Testicular torsion is a common pediatric emergency. Predisposing factors and other risk factors for testicular torsion have not been fully elucidated. This case report highlights teenage brothers who each experienced right-sided testicular torsion at nearly the same age, just 1 year apart. Read More

Urologe A 2020 Mar;59(3):266-270

Klinik für Kinderurologie in Kooperation mit der Universität Regensburg, KUNO-Klinik St. Hedwig, Steinmetzstraße 1-3, 93049, Regensburg, Deutschland.

Considering that Quist et al. first described the acute idiopathic scrotal edema (AISE) already in 1956, there are not many studies published in literature concerning the etiology, the development, and the progress of the disease since then. According to the literature the incidence of AISE is about 20%. Read More

Int Urol Nephrol 2020 Feb 12. Epub 2020 Feb 12.

Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 of Nanlishi road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China.

Introduction: This study aims to explore the theoretical method and clinical application of manipulation reduction for testicular torsion.

Methods: A total of 28 patients with testicular torsion were recruited from the Emergency Surgery Department of Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from July 2016 to July 2018. Among these patients, 22 patients (age: 10. Read More

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2020 Feb;30(2):201-204

Department of Uro-Oncology, Apollo Cancer Institutes, Apollo Health City, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, India.

Objective: To study the effects of age and duration of symptoms on the outcomes of scrotal explorations for acute scrotal pain at our institution.

Study Design: Case series.

Place And Duration Of Study: Bradford Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, from January 2006 to December 2017. Read More

Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2020 May 5;59(4-5):436-438. Epub 2020 Feb 5.

Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.

. Testicular torsion is a common surgical emergency in children that requires a high index of suspicion, early diagnosis, and exploration. Most children present early to their primary pediatricians or physicians. Read More

Pediatr Qual Saf 2019 Nov-Dec;4(6):e232. Epub 2019 Dec 16.

Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, S.C.

Consistent delivery of high-quality care is a marker of health-care system reliability. Although clinically abstracted outcome databases have revolutionized surgical quality improvement efforts for many high-volume procedures, their utility in aiding the improvement of time-sensitive processes is less clear. The purpose of this study was to determine whether process measures surrounding the delivery of timely surgical care could delineate the variability in the outcome of patients with testicular torsion. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2020 Jan 29;13(1). Epub 2020 Jan 29.

General Surgery, Tameside and Glossop Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust, Ashton-under-Lyne, Tameside, UK.

A 16-year-old boy attended the Emergency Department with sudden severe right iliac fossa pain and associated vomiting. He denied any urinary symptoms, diarrhoea or testicular pain. On examination, he had a locally tender right iliac fossa with guarding. Read More

Pediatr Emerg Care 2020 Jan 21. Epub 2020 Jan 21.

From the Whipps Cross University Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London.

Objectives: Acute scrotal pain in children is a common presenting complaint in hospital, and it is imperative that cases of testicular torsion are identified and managed promptly. We aim to identify the most influential points in the pathway in determining whether patients are managed in the appropriate time frame, so these areas can be targeted to improve salvage rates.

Methods: Using quality improvement principles, the pediatric scrotal pain pathway was mapped out, commencing with initial symptom onset and ending with definitive surgical management. Read More

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020 Jan;24(1):461-468

Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, P.R. China.

Objective: To investigate the effect of nalmefene hydrochloride on TLR4 signaling pathway in rats with lung ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Materials And Methods: Altogether 64 pure inbred male SD rats were divided into groups A, B, C, and D according to the principle of body weight similarity, with 24 rats in each group. Four groups of rats were respectively twisted on the left testis to establish unilateral testicular torsion rats. Read More

World J Surg 2020 May;44(5):1387-1394

University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.

Background: Access to timely and safe emergency general surgery remains a challenge in sub-Saharan Africa due to issues such as insufficient human capacity and infrastructure. This study has the following objectives: (1) to compare the actual time to surgery (aTTS) to the ideal time to surgery among patients undergoing emergency surgery and (2) to explore the use of home to emergency department time (HET) as a new measurement indicator for time from symptoms onset to admission at ED at a referral hospital.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of emergency general surgery cases performed at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali in Rwanda between June 1 and November 31, 2016. Read More

Theriogenology 2020 Mar 3;144:98-106. Epub 2020 Jan 3.

Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.

Aims: One of the most common urologic emergencies is spermatic cord torsion, which can damage testicular tissue and reduce fertility. Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) hydroalcoholic extract possess high antioxidant properties, and its efficacy in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury prevention has been demonstrated in cardiac, renal, and liver tissues. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the protective mechanism of SM extract on testicular I/R damage. Read More

J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020 Jan.;21(1):87-92

Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China.

Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), which is defined as the absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate secondary to impaired spermatogenesis within the testis, may be caused by a variety of etiologies, including varicocele-induced testicular damage, cryptorchidism, prior testicular torsion, post-pubertal mumps orchitis, gonadotoxic effects from medications, genetic abnormalities, chemotherapy/radiation, and other unknown causes currently classified as idiopathic (Cocuzza et al., 2013). The microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) technique involves a meticulous microsurgical exploration of the testicular parenchyma to identify and selectively extract larger seminiferous tubules that carry a higher probability of complete spermatogenesis (Schlegel, 1999). Read More

J Int Med Res 2019 Dec 31:300060519895861. Epub 2019 Dec 31.

Urology Surgery, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China.

Urol Case Rep 2020 Mar 16;29:101087. Epub 2019 Dec 16.

Department of Urology, UMHAT, Ruse, Bulgaria.

Congenital testicular anomalies affect about 5% of newborn boys. Testicular torsion is a rare anomaly that occurs in 1 in 4000 men under the age of 25. Perineal ectopia is an even more rare anomaly. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2020 Feb 6;16(1):42.e1-42.e8. Epub 2019 Nov 6.

Department of Pathology, Healthy Sciences University, Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

Introduction: Testicular torsion is a urological emergency both in childhood and in adult life. Many studies on experimental testicular torsion have demonstrated biochemical and pathological ischemia-reperfusion injury and the efficacy of some drugs have been investigated to prevent this damage. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) promotes glutathione synthesis and acts as a glutathione precursor because of the fact that it increases the glutathione-reductase activity by transporting sulfhydryl groups. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2020 Feb 27;16(1):55-60. Epub 2019 Nov 27.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1, Tomioka, Urayasu-shi, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan.

Introduction: Testicular torsion (TT), as per the reported incidences in children and preadolescents, is an emergency medical condition that requires prompt surgical treatment. In cases of TT, early and accurate diagnosis of acute scrotum (AS) is important to preserve testicular fertility. In this study, the authors aimed to determine the incidence, clinical examination, etiology, clinical predictors, and treatment of patients with AS and TT. Read More

European J Pediatr Surg Rep 2019 Jan 13;7(1):e93-e95. Epub 2019 Dec 13.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.

Prepubertal primary testicular tumors account for ∼1% of all pediatric solid tumors. We report a new case of prenatal diagnosis of juvenile-type granulosa cell tumor (JGCT). A fetal ultrasound performed at the 38th week of gestation for suspected nonvertex presentation identified a left multilocular septated cystic testicular mass, suggestive for JGCT. Read More

Can J Urol 2019 Dec;26(6):10026-10032

Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate demographic and clinical characteristics and outcomes of the treatments of the patients with an unusual presentation of the testicular torsion (TT) and to clarify their peculiarities.

Material And Methods: From January 1999 until December 2017, the case records of 149 patients who underwent surgery for TT were retrospectively reviewed. Out of that number, 25 patients were identified with unusual presentation of an acute scrotum (14 patients who presented with an abdominal pain only, and 11 who presented with testicular torsion in inguinal canal). Read More

Biotech Histochem 2020 May 18;95(4):317-322. Epub 2019 Dec 18.

Program of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey.

We investigated the effects of ethyl pyruvate (EP) on oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress due to experimental testicular ischemia-reperfusion (I-R). Eighteen rats were divided into a control group, a torsion-detorsion (T-D) group and an EP group. For pretreatment of the EP group, 50 mg/kg EP was given intraperitoneally (i. Read More

Andrologia 2020 Mar 9;52(2):e13481. Epub 2019 Dec 9.

İstanbul Yeniyuzyil University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.

The effects of metformin on a testicular torsion injury in adolescent rat testis after I/R were evaluated in the present study. Forty adolescent rats were divided into five groups with eight rats per group: a control group; a sham-operated group; an ischaemia group, where torsion was applied for 4 hr and testis was examined immediately after detorsion; an I/R group, where torsion was applied for 4 hr and the testis was examined 4 hr after detorsion; and an I/R + M group, where the metformin (300 mg/kg) administration was added to the identical procedures used for the I/R group. Spermatogenesis, basal membrane integrity and cleaved caspase-3 expression were assessed. Read More

Cureus 2019 Oct 22;11(10):e5967. Epub 2019 Oct 22.

Emergency Medicine, Envision Physician Services, Orlando, USA.

We present two cases of young men with spontaneous nontraumatic testicular pain. While the differential diagnosis for scrotal or testicular pain can include less urgent causes, such as epididymitis, hydrocele, referred pain, idiopathic scrotal edema, and inguinal hernia, for example, the most feared etiology for acute scrotal pain is testicular torsion. The fact that a testicle can torse and detorse is also a confounding factor. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2020 Feb 24;16(1):40.e1-40.e8. Epub 2019 Oct 24.

University of Health Sciences, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul, Turkey.

Aim: Testicular torsion is an urgent urological condition. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) processes that occur after detorsion as a treatment for torsion are caused by testicular injury. The purpose of our study is investigating the protecting effect of hydrogen sulfide (HS) on the testicular ischemia reperfusion injury. Read More

Andrologia 2020 Mar 28;52(2):e13490. Epub 2019 Nov 28.

Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.

To compare the difference of mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet (PLT) and leucocyte between testicular torsion (TT), epididymo-orchitis and healthy controls and further evaluate predictive values of these haematologic parameters in diagnosis and the differential diagnosis of TT. Databases were systematically retrieved, and reference search was also conducted manually. We applied Stata software 12. Read More

Case Rep Pathol 2019 3;2019:5273607. Epub 2019 Nov 3.

Department of Pathology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA.

Testicular cancer represents 1% of all malignant tumors in men. About 95% of testicular cancers are germ cell tumors (GCTs). These can be divided into nonseminomatous GCTs (NSGCTs) and seminomas. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Nov 26;12(11). Epub 2019 Nov 26.

Division of Urology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.

Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020 04 26;393(4):603-614. Epub 2019 Nov 26.

Department of Pathology, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.

Spermatic cord torsion is a serious and common urologic emergency. It requires early diagnosis for prevention of subfertility and testicular necrosis. Vildagliptin and sitagliptin are anti-diabetic drugs of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors that have a protective role against cerebral ischemic stroke and cardiac ischemia reperfusion. Read More