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Curr Opin Urol 2022 Jul;32(4):364-372

Department of Molecular Oncology, Barts Health Cancer and Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.

Purpose Of Review: Germ-cell tumours of the testis affect predominantly younger males aged between 15 and 40 years, with nearly 74,500 new cases estimated globally in 2020. Their rarity and the complex morphology, mean that, in nonexpert hands, there is a significant risk of misdiagnosis of both type and staging of these neoplasms.

Recent Findings: There have been significant changes in the 2016 WHO classification of Testicular tumours that need to be understood by both pathologists and clinicians for streamlining management. Read More

Curr Opin Urol 2022 Jul;32(4):339-343

Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy.

Purpose Of Review: The 5th edition of WHO classification incorporates the most relevant new data available in the literature regarding tumors of the male genitourinary tract. In this review, the authors summarize and critically discuss the most relevant new information regarding tumors occurring in the stromal testis and in the paratestis that will be reported in the new edition of WHO classification of tumors of the male genitourinary tract.

Recent Findings: Signet-ring stromal tumors (SRST) and myoid gonadal stromal tumors (MGST) are two new entities brought in the 5th WHO classification of testicular tumors. Read More

Curr Opin Urol 2022 Jun 27. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy.

Purpose Of Review: The 5th edition of WHO classification incorporates the most relevant new data available in the literature regarding tumors of the male genitourinary tract. In this review, the authors summarize and critically discuss the most relevant new information regarding tumors occurring in the stromal testis and in the paratestis that will be reported in the new edition of WHO classification of tumors of the male genitourinary tract.

Recent Findings: Signet-ring stromal tumors (SRST) and myoid gonadal stromal tumors (MGST) are two new entities brought in the 5th WHO classification of testicular tumors. Read More

Eur J Histochem 2022 Jun 23;66(3). Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka.

The cancer/testis antigens (CTAs), New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1) and melanoma antigen gene (MAGE)-A4 are normally restricted to male germ cells but are aberrantly expressed in several cancers. Considering the limited information regarding their significance in osteosarcoma (OS), the purpose of this study was to determine the clinical significance of NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A4 expression in OS. Nine patients with OS treated at Kindai University Hospital were included in the study. Read More

Oncology (Williston Park) 2022 Jun;36(6):375-377

A man, aged 21 years, presented with a 4-month history of progressive swelling of the right testicle. Ultrasound revealed a heterogenous solid mass in the right testicle suspicious for malignancy. Further work-up included CT scans, which identified a 2-cm retroperitoneal lymph node; there was no evidence of thoracic metastases. Read More

Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2022 07;31(3):381-397

Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Leon Berard, 28 rue Laennec, Lyon 69008, France.

Early experiences with modern immunotherapy have been disappointing in trials of unselected sarcoma subtypes. However, remarkable efficacy has been observed with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in a subset of patients, with the most promising outcomes to date in alveolar soft part sarcoma, cutaneous angiosarcoma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (dLPS). Adoptive cellular therapies targeting cancer testis antigens have shown promising activity, but only synovial sarcoma (SS) and myxoid/round cell liposarcomas reliably express these targets. Read More

Sci Adv 2022 06 17;8(24):eabm4937. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Hushi Avenue, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel.

Phagoptosis is a frequently occurring nonautonomous cell death pathway in which phagocytes eliminate viable cells. While it is thought that phosphatidylserine (PS) "eat-me" signals on target cells initiate the process, the precise sequence of events is largely unknown. Here, we show that in testes, progenitor germ cells are spontaneously removed by neighboring cyst cells through phagoptosis. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2022 31;9:816012. Epub 2022 May 31.

Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Institute of Urology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Objectives: To report the first series of testicular sex cord-stromal tumors (TSCSTs) with detailed clinicopathologic findings and long-term follow-up in the Chinese population.

Patients And Methods: From 2008 to 2018, 15 patients with TSCST were included in our study. The tumors were analyzed for epidemiological parameters, clinical characteristics, tumor markers, therapy, and follow-up data. Read More

Case Rep Oncol 2022 Jan-Apr;15(1):388-393. Epub 2022 Apr 8.

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms are rare epithelial neoplasms with neuroendocrine differentiation. Few cases of primary testicular poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (PD-NECs) have been reported, and secondary testicular neoplasms are rare. A 61-year-old man with a chief complaint of left testicular swelling was referred to our hospital. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2022 Jun 15;16(1):238. Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 251, 90-001, Lodz, Poland.

Background: Trophoblastic differentiation in primary urothelial carcinoma of the prostate is extremely rare. An increased level of β-subunit human chorionic gonadotropin in serum in urothelial carcinoma is detected in approximately 30% of cases. To our knowledge, increased concentration of β-subunit human chorionic gonadotropin in serum in prostatic urothelial carcinoma has never been reported and its clinical significance is not evaluated yet. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2022 May 24;23(11). Epub 2022 May 24.

Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (18-24 nucleotides) that play significant roles in cell proliferation, development, invasion, cancer development, cancer progression, and anti-cancer drug resistance. miRNAs target multiple genes and play diverse roles. miRNAs can bind to the 3'UTR of target genes and inhibit translation or promote the degradation of target genes. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2022 May 24;23(11). Epub 2022 May 24.

Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, 80937 Munich, Germany.

MicroRNA-202 (miR-202) is a member of the highly conserved let-7 family that was discovered in and recently reported to be involved in cell differentiation and tumor biology. In humans, miR-202 was initially identified in the testis where it was suggested to play a role in spermatogenesis. Subsequent research showed that miR-202 is one of the micro-RNAs that are dysregulated in different types of cancer. Read More

Clin Transl Med 2022 Jun;12(6):e885

Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

Leptomeningeal metastases (LM) occur in patients with breast cancer (BC) and lung cancer (LC) showing exceptionally poor prognosis. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tumour microenvironment (TME) of LM patients is not well defined at a single-cell level. Based on the 10× genomics single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from GEO database including five patient-derived CSF samples of BC-LM and LC-LM, and four patient-derived CSF samples of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) as controls, we analysed single-cell transcriptome characteristics of CSF TME in LM patients compared to controls simultaneously and comprehensively. Read More

Stem Cell Res Ther 2022 Jun 8;13(1):243. Epub 2022 Jun 8.

Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India.

Background: Incidence of type II germ cell tumors (T2GCT) has increased in young men possibly due to fetal/perinatal exposure to estrogenic compounds. Three-fold increased incidence of T2GCT was reported in men exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol (DES). T2GCT is a development-related disease arising due to blocked differentiation of gonocytes into spermatogonia in fetal testes which survive as germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) and initiate T2GCT. Read More

Front Immunol 2022 20;13:859730. Epub 2022 May 20.

NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.

The incidence of testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) is currently on the rise worldwide, of which 15%-30% of patients have occur recurrence and metastasis. However, clinical methods for diagnosing TGCT and judging its prognosis remained inadequate. In this study, we aimed to explore the possibility of testis-specific long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Ret finger protein-like 3S (RFPL3S) as a biomarker for TGCT diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response by reviewing the TGCT gene expression data in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022 19;13:903684. Epub 2022 May 19.

Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

The retinoblastoma (RB) protein family members (pRB, p107 and p130) are key regulators of cell cycle progression, but also play crucial roles in apoptosis, and stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. RB proteins exert their effects through binding to E2F transcription factors, which are essential developmental and physiological regulators of tissue and organ homeostasis. According to the canonical view, phosphorylation of RB results in release of E2Fs and induction of genes needed for progress of the cell cycle. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2022 May 4;94:107167. Epub 2022 May 4.

Pathology Anatomy Department, Hasan Sadikin Academic Medical Center, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.

Introduction An Importance: Testicular epidermoid cysts (TECs) are rare benign testicular neoplasms. Recently, testicular epidermoid cysts (TECs) are listed as teratoma of prepubertal type, however it is still difficult to differentiate the epidermoid cyst from malign testicular tumor. Therefore, we would like to report testicular epidermoid cyst at our institution. Read More

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2022 Apr;32(4):S1-S2

Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey.

Paratesticular liposarcoma (PLS) is a rare type of genitourinary malignancy in the spermatic cord presenting as scrotal swelling. In this case study, we report an 82-year male who presented with prolonged left scrotal swelling and pain that did not respond to analgesic treatment for one week. His ultrasound confirmed increased fluid content in the left scrotal compartment in the form of septated hydrocele, and hydrocelectomy was planned. Read More

Genes (Basel) 2022 May 1;13(5). Epub 2022 May 1.

Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, 2420 Rue de la Terrasse, Local 1758, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.

In Saudi Arabia, colon cancer (CC) is the most prevalent cancer in men and the third most common cancer in women. Rather than being detected through screening programs, most CC cases are diagnosed mainly during clinical exams. Because of the slow growth of CC and its ability to be treated at an early stage, screening for CC can reduce the incidence of death and mortality. Read More

J Int Med Res 2022 May;50(5):3000605221101332

Department of Urology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China.

Colonic mucinous adenocarcinoma rarely metastasizes to the paratesticular region, highlighting the importance of a correct diagnosis. We herein present a case involving a 65-year-old man with paratesticular carcinoma associated with scrotal swelling 1 year after radical resection of colon cancer. Computed tomography revealed a low-density tumor in the right scrotum and mild enhancement of the mass after administration of a contrast agent. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2022 May 7. Epub 2022 May 7.

Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Patients with clinical stage I (CS I: cN0M0) testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) exhibit favorable oncologic outcomes. While prognostic features can help inform treatment in adults with CS I TGCT, we lack reliable means to predict relapse among pediatric and adolescent patients.

Objective: We sought to identify predictors of relapse in children with CS I TGCT. Read More

Cent European J Urol 2022 22;75(1):47-51. Epub 2022 Feb 22.

Department of Urology, Pontificate Catholic University, Santiago, Chile.

Introduction: Small testicular lesions ≤20 mm (STL) detected by ultrasound (US), usually non-palpable, have been reported to be benign in up to 80% of cases. Thus, partial orchiectomy with or without frozen section examination and surveillance has been advocated for these kinds of lesions. We seek to report the proportion of benign lesions in testicular tumors ≤20 mm detected by US in our population and explore the predicting factors of malignancy. Read More

J Immunother Cancer 2022 05;10(5)

Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel

Background: Soluble human leucocyte antigen (sHLA) molecules, released into the plasma, carry their original peptide cargo and provide insight into the protein synthesis and degradation schemes of their source cells and tissues. Other body fluids, such as pleural effusions, may also contain sHLA-peptide complexes, and can potentially serve as a source of tumor antigens since these fluids are drained from the tumor microenvironment. We explored this possibility by developing a methodology for purifying and analyzing large pleural effusion sHLA class I peptidomes of patients with malignancies or benign diseases. Read More

Actas Urol Esp (Engl Ed) 2022 Jun 9;46(5):268-274. Epub 2022 May 9.

Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain.

Introduction: In 2020, 282,421 new cases of cancer were diagnosed in Spain, and urological neoplasms (UN) were among the most frequent ones. Cancer treatment in eldery people is challenging due to fragility and comorbidities of these patients. To meet the needs of treating UN in the eldery, it is necessary to optimize healthcare resources, for which a deep analysis of cancer registries becomes mandatory. Read More

Eur J Med Res 2022 May 12;27(1):67. Epub 2022 May 12.

Service de Radiologie, APHP Hôpitaux Paris Saclay, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, 157 rue de la porte de trivaux, 92140, Clamart, France.

Background: We report the challenging case of a 6-year-old boy with precocious puberty related to histologically proven Leydig cell tumor.

Case Presentation: Multiparametric ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. Interesting findings were scarcely or never reported in children and differed from adults Leydig cell tumors s such as the hyperechogenic halo surrounding the lesion and the dominant central vascularization using ultrasensitive Doppler. Read More

Cell Rep 2022 May;39(6):110774

Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. Electronic address:

Whereas stem and progenitor cells proliferate to maintain tissue homeostasis, fully differentiated cells exit the cell cycle. How cell identity and cell-cycle state are coordinated during differentiation is still poorly understood. The Drosophila testis niche supports germline stem cells and somatic cyst stem cells (CySCs). Read More

Environ Res 2022 Sep 6;212(Pt C):113375. Epub 2022 May 6.

ISPED, Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1219 Epicene, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France; Service Santé Travail Environnement - CHU de Bordeaux, Place Amélie Raba Léon, 33076, Bordeaux, France.

Introduction: Knowledge on the health of greenspace workers is scarce, even though they are exposed to many occupational hazards. The aim of this study was to analyze mortality by cause, prevalence of some non-cancer diseases, and incidence of the main cancers among greenspace workers.

Methods: A sub-cohort of greenspace workers was formed within the AGRICAN cohort. Read More

J Med Chem 2022 05 6;65(10):7231-7245. Epub 2022 May 6.

Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.

MAGE proteins are cancer testis antigens (CTAs) that are characterized by highly conserved MAGE homology domains (MHDs) and are increasingly being found to play pivotal roles in promoting aggressive cancer types. MAGE-A4, in particular, increases DNA damage tolerance and chemoresistance in a variety of cancers by stabilizing the E3-ligase RAD18 and promoting trans-lesion synthesis (TLS). Inhibition of the MAGE-A4:RAD18 axis could sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutics like platinating agents. Read More

Cell Rep Med 2022 Mar 15;3(3):100561. Epub 2022 Mar 15.

State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.

Prostate cancer continuously progresses following deprivation of circulating androgens originating from the testis and adrenal glands, indicating the existence of oncometabolites beyond androgens. In this study, mass-spectrometry-based screening of clinical specimens and a retrospective analysis on the clinical data of prostate cancer patients indicate the potential oncogenic effects of progesterone in patients. High doses of progesterone activate canonical and non-canonical androgen receptor (AR) target genes. Read More

Leuk Res 2022 06 26;117:106842. Epub 2022 Apr 26.

Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler Street 1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. Electronic address:

Cancer testis antigen PRAME is over-expressed in a variety of malignant cells but is not or minimally expressed in normal non-germ line cells. Adoptive transfer of PRAME-specific T cells is thus under investigation in clinical trials as an innovative therapeutic option for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, their senescence-inducing activity has not been studied. Read More