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Mediastinum 2022 25;6. Epub 2022 Mar 25.

Department of Pathology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.

Objective: Mediastinal extragonadal germ-cell tumors (MEGCTs) are rare neoplasms with a multifaceted clinical behavior. This paper is devoted to review their main characteristics, including histological patterns and different factors of aggressiveness in MEGCTs. Proper understanding of the latter can help to better stratify patients' prognoses and improve clinical management. Read More

Mediastinum 2021 25;5:19. Epub 2021 Jun 25.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.

This report presents an unusual case of life-threatening massive bleeding in the pulmonary trunk adjacent to the right ventricular outflow tract during resection of a large primary mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (PMNSGCT) in the absence of cardiovascular surgeons. The patient was a 21-year-old male whose large mediastinal tumor was diagnosed as an extragonadal PMNSGCT, which was a mixture of a yolk sac tumor and an immature teratoma. Generally, chemotherapy causes extensive peripheral tumor necrosis of PMNSGCTs, thus enabling their complete resection. Read More

Rom J Morphol Embryol 2021 Apr-Jun;62(2):587-592

Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Department of Extreme Conditions Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania;

Fetus in fetu (FIF) is a rare entity, with a difficult preoperative diagnosis, frequently being an intraoperative surprise. In recent literature, theories pertaining to its development either assimilate the tumor with a monochorionic twin that halted its evolution, or with a highly differentiated mature teratoma. We present the case of a 27-year-old patient, with a cystic tumor in the anterior mediastinum, which intraoperatively proved to be a rare case of intrathoracic FIF. Read More

Cureus 2021 Oct 31;13(10):e19166. Epub 2021 Oct 31.

Internal Medicine, Nishtar Medical University Hospital, Multan, PAK.

Cystic teratoma is a germ cell tumor, which usually involves the gonads. However, it can be located occasionally in other organs. The most common extragonadal sites for germ cell tumors include midline structures such as the retroperitoneum, mediastinum, pineal body, and supra-sellar space. Read More

Autops Case Rep 2021 25;11:e2021287. Epub 2021 May 25.

All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.

The sacrococcygeal region is the most common site for the extragonadal germ cell tumors comprising seminomatous and non-seminomatous tumors. Seminomatous tumors are seminomas, and non-seminomatous tumors comprise mainly teratoma (mature and immature), yolk sac tumor (YST), embryonal carcinoma (EC), and choriocarcinoma. These tumors occur in newborns, infants, and adolescents. Read More

Open Med (Wars) 2021 18;16(1):892-898. Epub 2021 Jun 18.

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China.

Mixed germ cell tumor (MGCT) mainly occurs in young women's ovaries and men's testicles and rarely occurs outside the gonad. Fewer than 10 cases of mediastinal MGCT are available in PubMed, Embase, and other databases in English, while mediastinal MGCT with three pathological components, such as yolk sac tumor, immature teratoma, and embryonal carcinoma, has not been reported previously. A 12-year-old male sought medical attention for chest discomfort and underwent a computed tomography (CT) scan. Read More

Adv Anat Pathol 2021 Sep;28(5):335-350

Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX.

Mediastinal germ cell tumors (MGCTs) are the most common extragonadal germ cell tumors (GCTs) and most often arise in the anterior mediastinum with a male predilection. MGCTs also have a predilection for patients with Klinefelter syndrome and possibly other genetic conditions. MGCTs, as GCTs at other extragonadal sites, are thought to arise from germ cells improperly retained during migration along the midline during embryogenesis. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2021 Feb 1;22:e930272. Epub 2021 Feb 1.

Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.

BACKGROUND Teratomas are embryonal neoplasms that contain tissues derived from 1 or more of the 3 germ layers. They commonly are found in the sacrococcygeal-gonadal location, sometimes in midline locations such as the mediastinum, retroperitoneum, and head and neck region. Primary rectal teratomas are extremely rare. Read More

J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021 Mar 30;161(3):856-868.e1. Epub 2020 Nov 30.

Division of Thoracic Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Objective: Men with metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs) often present with residual chest tumors after chemotherapy. We examined the pathologic concordance of intrathoracic disease and outcomes based on the worst pathology of disease resected at first thoracic surgery.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of consecutive patients undergoing thoracic resection for metastatic NSGCT in our institution between 2005 and 2018. Read More

J Thorac Dis 2020 Dec;12(12):7591-7597

Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Tumors in the prevascular compartment of the mediastinum are rare and imaging plays a major role in their detection, (differential) diagnosis, staging, and follow-up. The prevascular compartment is bordered anteriorly by the posterior aspect of the sternum, posteriorly by the ventral aspect of the pericardium, cranially by the thoracic outlet, and caudally by the diaphragm. In many cases, the diagnosis of a lesion in the prevascular compartment is an incidental finding either on chest radiograph (CR) or on computed tomography (CT) scans. Read More

World J Urol 2021 Jul 31;39(7):2579-2585. Epub 2020 Oct 31.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus Frankfurt, Wilhelm-Epstein-Str. 4, 60431, Frankfurt, Germany.

Purpose: Thoracic growing teratoma syndrome (TGTS) is a rare disease in patients with germ cell tumors. Other than a few case reports and a limited number of case series, studies of this topic are not available.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data from our patients who received surgery for TGTS between 1999 and 2016. Read More

Cir Cir 2020 ;88(Suppl 1):19-23

Pathological anatomy service, HRAEO, de Hospital Regional Alta Especialidad de Oaxaca. San Bartolo Coyotepec, Oaxaca, Mexico.

We present the case of a suprahepatic tumor related to mature cystic teratoma, extragonadal germ cell tumors are rare and represent from 1.6 to 5% of all germ cell tumors, the most common site and the extragonadal presentation is the mediastinum (50-70%), retroperitoneum (30-40%), other rare locations pineal gland, sacrococcal region, prostate and bladder; however, the supra-hepatic location is not so common and is not documented in the literature. Read More

J Cardiothorac Surg 2020 Feb 17;15(1):36. Epub 2020 Feb 17.

Department of Thoracic surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Dong cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.

Background: Mediastinal teratoma is a rare disease, many cases were reported before, but few articles focus on large case analyses. The objective of this article is to summarize the clinical characteristics of benign mediastinal teratoma and the experience of surgical treatment, especially thoracoscopic surgery for benign mediastinal teratoma.

Methods: The clinical data of 108 patients with benign mediastinal teratoma confirmed by operation and pathology from January 1992 to January 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Read More

J Cardiothorac Surg 2019 Jun 20;14(1):113. Epub 2019 Jun 20.

Department of Thoracic surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.

Background: Extralobar sequestration is a rare congenital malformation of lung tissue, which can be combined with other foregut and cardiac abnormalities. Our case is the first to report extralobar sequestration, absence of pericardium and atrial septal defect in the same patient.

Case Presentation: A 22-year-old female with atrial septal defect came for her recent atypical symptom of intermittent palpitation and shortness of breath. Read More

Tumori 2018 Dec 6;104(6):NP57-NP60. Epub 2018 Apr 6.

Institute of Radiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy.

Thymolipoma is a rare tumor of the thymus. Classic radiologic findings of thymolipoma include fatty masses of the anterior mediastinum in conjunction with the thymus. Differential diagnosis with other more aggressive entities like liposarcoma and teratoma can be challenging. Read More

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2018 03;28(3):243-244

Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University and Hospital, Karachi.

Teratomas can be found in different organs of the body and may involve gonads, saccrococcygeal region, mediastinum and other sites. Intrathoracic teratomas always occur in mediastinum and less often arise within the lung. As teratomas mostly involve sex organs (gonads), they rarely occur as extra-gonadal tumors accounting for only 3% of all the cases and very small percentage of such tumors occur in mediastinum. Read More

Diagn Pathol 2016 Aug 15;11(1):76. Epub 2016 Aug 15.

Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Joaçaba, Brazil.

Background: Germ cell tumors are tumors composed of tissues derived from more than one of the three germinal layers. They are more common in the testes and ovaries, but can present in many different regions in the midline, including the sacral region, retroperitoneum, mediastinum, and brain. Testicular germ cell tumors generally metastasize to the retroperitoneum, lungs, and brain; metastases to soft tissue are very rare. Read More

Pathologe 2016 Sep;37(5):441-8

Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland.

The mediastinum is among the most frequent anatomic region in which germ cell tumors (GCT) arise, second only to the gonads. Mediastinal GCT (mGCT) account for 16 % of all mediastinal neoplasms. Although the morphology and (according to all available data) the molecular genetics of mediastinal and gonadal GCT are identical, a number of unique aspects exist. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016 05 10;101(5):1980-8. Epub 2016 Mar 10.

Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Marmara University Medical School (Z.A., S.T., T.G., A.B.), Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Gulhane Military Medical School (E.Y., E.S.), Ankara Turkey; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr. Sami Ulus Research Hospital (S.S.E., Z.A., S.C.), Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Erciyes University Medical School (L.A., S.K.), Kayseri, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Uludag University Medical School (E.E., H.S.), Bursa, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Gazi University Medical School (E.D., A.B.), Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul University Medical School (Z.Y.A.), Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Inonu University Medical School (A.A.), Malatya, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara University Medical School (Z.S.), Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ege University Medical School (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ondokuz Mayıs University Medical School (C.K.), Samsun, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diskapi Research Hospital (M.T.), Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Trakya University Medical School (F.T.), Edirne, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Kocaeli University Medical School (G.S.K.), Kocaeli, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Karadeniz Technical University Medical School (G.K.), Trabzon, Turkey.

Aim: The causes of gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty are diverse, and often have overlapping clinical and biochemical features. With the exception of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), disorders that cause gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty (GIPP) are uncommon. The literature is devoid of any large-scale studies on the etiologic distribution of GIPP. Read More

Int J Surg Pathol 2015 Dec 24;23(8):682-4. Epub 2015 Jun 24.

University Hospital of Saint Étienne, Saint Étienne, France

We report the case of a 76-year-old patient presenting with an anterior mediastinal heterogeneous mass. Surgical biopsy revealed a solid and cystic lesion filled with hair. Pathological examination showed an atypical papillary epithelial lining without other germ cell tumor or immature teratoma associated. Read More

Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2013 Apr-Jun;56(2):158-60

Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center - School of Medicine, Lubbock, USA.

The histological predominance of one component in a germ cell tumor can lead to a mistaken diagnosis. Here, we describe a mediastinal teratoma with predominant vascular proliferation (>90%) which on fine needle biopsy was diagnosed as a pulmonary hemangioma. Later, resection specimen revealed other components constituting ~4%, changing the diagnosis while illustrating theimportance of careful evaluation. Read More

Rev Mal Respir 2012 Nov 28;29(9):1111-5. Epub 2012 Sep 28.

Service de chirurgie thoracique, faculté de médecine et de pharmacie de Rabat, université Mohamed V Souissi, hôpital militaire d'instruction Mohamed V, Hay Riad, Rabat, Morocco.

Introduction: Benign cystic mediastinal mass form a group of heterogeneous and uncommon lesions. Surgical resection is the gold standard in these conditions. We reported our institutional experience in management of these benign tumours. Read More

Singapore Med J 2012 Nov;53(11):e237-9

Department of Pathology, Medical College, Kolkata, India.

Intrathoracic teratomas are usually seen in the mediastinum; they rarely occur in the lung as intrapulmonary teratomas. The criteria for pulmonary origin are the exclusion of a gonadal site or other extragonadal primary sites and the exclusive origin of the tumour from the lung. Lung teratomas, for reasons unknown, commonly involve the upper lobe. Read More

Pediatr Dev Pathol 2012 Nov-Dec;15(6):511-3. Epub 2012 Aug 28.

Section of Perinatal Pathology, Department of Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.

We report a rare case of a primitive embryonal tumor discovered in the upper anterior mediastinum during routine autopsy of a macerated fetus at the 18th week of gestation. Our diagnosis was based on autopsy findings and histologic examination, which showed neuroepithelial differentiation of the tumor with frequent ependymal-type rosette formation; no structures of other germ cell layer origin were revealed. Additional positive immunohistochemical staining for CD56, CD57, and neurofilament protein confirmed the neural origin of the tumor, whereas the genetic analysis showed no MYCN gene amplification and no 11q23 deletion or rearrangement of EWS locus (22q12). Read More

Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2012 Oct 9;29(7):633-42. Epub 2012 Aug 9.

Department of Pediatric Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.

Background: Mediastinal germ cell tumors (GCTs) are rare and usually located in anterior mediastinum. We aimed to review clinical and pathological characteristics of these tumors.

Procedure: Between 1973 and 2011, 24 children with mediastinal GCTs were diagnosed. Read More

Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011 27;17(6):588-90. Epub 2011 Jul 27.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kurashiki Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Miwa, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.

We present a 12-year-old girl with a teratoma with malignant transformation (TMT) of the mediastinum. Computed tomography showed a cystic mass (5.0 cm × 4. Read More

Chirurgia (Bucur) 2011 Mar-Apr;106(2):199-203

Clinica de Chirurgie Toracica, Institutul Oncologic Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu, U.M.E Carol Davila Bucureşti, România.

The posterior mediastinum is the potential space along each side of the vertebral column and adjacent proximal portions of the ribs--the paravertebral sulci. From the posterior mediastinal tumors, the most commonly encountered are the neurogenic tumors (75%), the remaining 25% are represented by a heterogenous group of rare tumors including teratoma, lymphoma, sarcoma and other lesions arising outside the mediastinum and projecting into the posterior compartment. Surgical excision, by thoracotomy or miniinvasive techniques, is the first line of treatment in the posterior mediastinal tumors. Read More

Pediatr Neurosurg 2010 9;46(5):368-72. Epub 2011 Mar 9.

Department of Neurosurgery and Gamma Knife Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Introduction: Association of split cord malformation with teratoma is an extremely rare condition. It is very unusual to find split cord malformation with teratomas extending into the posterior mediastinum and still rarer to find bony spur arising dorsally and ventrally at the same level.

Case Report: The authors describe the case of a 2-year-old child who presented with dorsal kyphosis and a dermal sinus. Read More