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IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2018 Dec 11. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

Accurate epileptogenic focus localization is required prior to surgical resection of brain tissue for treatment of patients with antiepileptic drug resistant (intractable) epilepsy. This clinical need is only partially fulfilled through a subjective, and at times inconclusive, evaluation of the recorded electroence-phalogram (EEG) at seizures' onset (the so-called gold standard for focus localization in epilepsy). We herein present a novel method of multivariate analysis of the EEG that appears to be very promising for an objective and robust localization of the epileptogenic focus at seizures' onset. Read More

Front Neurosci 2018 3;12:897. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.

Epilepsy and malnutrition constitute two worldwide health problems affecting behavior and brain function. The cholinergic agonist pilocarpine (300-380 mg/kg; single administration) reproduces the human type of temporal lobe epilepsy in rats. Pilocarpine-induced epilepsy in rodents has been associated with glycemia, learning and memory and anxiety disturbances. Read More

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018 Dec 17. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76502;

Medial ganglionic eminence (MGE)-like interneuron precursors derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are ideal for developing patient-specific cell therapy in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, their efficacy for alleviating spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) or cognitive, memory, and mood impairments has never been tested in models of TLE. Through comprehensive video- electroencephalographic recordings and a battery of behavioral tests in a rat model, we demonstrate that grafting of hiPSC-derived MGE-like interneuron precursors into the hippocampus after status epilepticus (SE) greatly restrained SRS and alleviated cognitive, memory, and mood dysfunction in the chronic phase of TLE. Read More

Cortex 2018 Nov 17;113:1-14. Epub 2018 Nov 17.

Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, UK. Electronic address:

In neurosurgery there are several situations that require transgression of the temporal cortex. For example, a subset of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy require surgical resection (most typically, en-bloc anterior temporal lobectomy). This procedure is the gold standard to alleviate seizures but is associated with chronic cognitive deficits. Read More

Front Neurol 2018 30;9:1023. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) caused by hippocampal sclerosis is one of the most frequent focal epilepsies in adults. It is characterized by focal seizures that begin in the hippocampus, sometimes spread to the insulo-perisylvian regions and may progress to secondary generalized seizures. Morphological alterations in hippocampal sclerosis are well defined. Read More

Neurol Sci 2018 Dec 15. Epub 2018 Dec 15.

Department of Diagnostics and Applied Technology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy.

People with epilepsy often suffer psychiatric symptoms or exhibit maladaptive personality characteristics which can impact them more than seizures. This case illustrates a selective association of a Theory of Mind dysfunction, including an impaired comparison of reality and others' behavior, with an obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in a patient with left temporal lobe epilepsy and crossed cognitive functions. The patient revealed visual memory deficits and impaired interpretation of other people's behavior, mental rigidity, and a tendency to formulate inflexible judgements. Read More

Neuroimage Clin 2018 Dec 8:101631. Epub 2018 Dec 8.

Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. Electronic address:

Objectives: To explore the dynamic changes of white matters following anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) patients who achieved seizure-free at two-year follow-up.

Methods: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was obtained in ten MTLE patients at five serial time points: before surgery, three months, six months, 12 months and 24 months after surgery, as well as in 11 age- and sex-matched healthy controls at one time point. Regions with significant postoperative fractional anisotropy (FA) changes and their dynamic changes were confirmed by comparing all preoperative and postoperative data using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS). Read More

Exp Ther Med 2018 Dec 19;16(6):4886-4892. Epub 2018 Sep 19.

Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China.

Coexistence of hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and a temporal neocortical lesion, including focal cortical dysplasia, vascular malformations or benign primary brain tumors, is defined as dual pathology. In the majority of cases, the complete evidence based on electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for each of the dual pathological lesions is difficult to obtain. As a result, patients with dual pathology are poor surgical candidates due to potential incomplete resection of the epileptogenic zone. Read More

J Neurosurg 2018 Nov 1:1-9. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

OBJECTIVEIn this study, the authors investigated high-frequency oscillation (HFO) networks during seizures in order to determine how HFOs spread from the focal cerebral cortex and become synchronized across various areas of the brain.METHODSAll data were obtained from stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) signals in patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The authors calculated intercontact cross-coefficients between all pairs of contacts to construct HFO networks in 20 seizures that occurred in 5 patients. Read More

J Neurodev Disord 2018 Dec 13;10(1):40. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, D.C., 20010, USA.

Epilepsy affects 2.2 million adults in the USA, with 1 in 26 people developing epilepsy at some point in their lives. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of focal epilepsy as medial structures, and the hippocampus in particular, are prone to generating seizures. Read More

Front Neurol 2018 20;9:969. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) may regulate the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in epilepsy. The present study investigated the role of IGF-1 and BDNF in the regulation of autonomic functions and cerebral autoregulation in patients with epilepsy. A total of 57 patients with focal epilepsy and 35 healthy controls were evaluated and their sudomotor, cardiovagal, and adrenergic functions were assessed using a battery of ANS function tests, including the deep breathing, Valsalva maneuver, head-up tilting, and Q-sweat tests. Read More

Front Neurol 2018 20;9:927. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.

In patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), presurgical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) often reveals hippocampal atrophy, while neuropathological assessment indicates the different types of hippocampal sclerosis (HS). Different HS types are not discriminated in MRI so far. We aimed to define the volume of each hippocampal subfield on MRI manually and to compare automatic and manual segmentations for the discrimination of HS types. Read More

Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018 Dec 11. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

Department of Anatomical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-887, Brazil.

Epilepsy is a common disease presenting with recurrent seizures. Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is the commonest histopathological alteration in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) undergoing surgery. HS physiopathogenesis is debatable. Read More

Epilepsy Behav 2018 Dec 8. Epub 2018 Dec 8.

Epilepsy Center, Medical Center - Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, Medical Center - Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.

Rationale: The spontaneous synchronized activity and intrinsic organization of the Default Mode Network (DMN) has been found to be altered because of epileptic activity of temporal lobe origin. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare DMN's topological properties in patients with seizure-free (SF) and not seizure-free (NSF) temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).

Methods: Functional connectivity within the DMN was determined from an 8-minute resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 27 patients with TLE (12 SF, 15 NSF) and 15 healthy controls (HC). Read More

Hawaii J Med Public Health 2018 Dec;77(12):319-324

John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI (NLB,JCK,AS).

Gelastic seizures (GS) are a rare form of epilepsy characterized by inappropriate, uncontrolled laughter. They are highly associated with abnormal cognitive development and behavioral problems in patients. Research has shown that GS can originate from hypothalamic hamartomas (HH), non- neoplastic masses consisting of gray matter with large and small neurons interspersed with glial nuclei. Read More

Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2018 Oct-Dec;21(4):321-324

Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

There are reports of co-occurrence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). We present a report of a patient with refractory TLE due to hippocampal sclerosis with concomitant OCD on pharmacotherapy for both. She underwent surgery for standard anterior temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy and reported improvement in obsessive-compulsive symptoms subsequently. Read More

Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2018 ;152(6):275-280

Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences.

Epilepsy is a chronic neurologic disease characterized by recurrent seizures, affecting nearly 1% of the population. Synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) is a membrane protein specifically expressed in synaptic vesicles and is now implicated in the pathogenesis of epileptic disorders. This is because 1) Sv2a-knockout mice exhibit severe seizures, 2) SV2A serves as a specific binding site for certain antiepileptics (e. Read More

Epileptic Disord 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Istanbul University, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology.

The somatic marker hypothesis is an influential model of human decision-making postulating that somatic feedback to the brain enhances decision-making in ambiguous circumstances, i.e. when the probabilities of various outcomes are unknown. Read More

Epileptic Disord 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Epilepsy Centre - Clinic of Nervous System Diseases, Riuniti Hospital, Foggia, Italy.

The origin of faciobrachial dystonic seizures in anti-LGI1 encephalitis is controversial due to a lack of neurophysiological characterization. We report a 68-year-old man with subacute anterograde memory loss and involuntary faciobrachial movements. Video-polygraphic recordings disclosed repetitive events characterized by sudden, short contraction of the upper limbs and ipsilateral hemiface. Read More

Epileptic Disord 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and Epilepsy, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.

The risk of seizure recurrence after a first unprovoked seizure is influenced by certain risk factors. To understand their effect in people with early diagnosed new epilepsy, we assessed the risk of recurrence of focal to bilateral tonic-clonic or generalized tonic-clonic seizures and the associated factors in a clinically well-characterized cohort of adults with a first unprovoked tonic-clonic seizure. We prospectively studied 150 consecutive adults with a first unprovoked tonic-clonic seizure and full clinical, EEG, and brain imaging assessment within the first four weeks. Read More

Epileptic Disord 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Pediatric Neurology Department, Centre de Référence des Épilepsies Rares, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, Inserm U1129, Paris; University Paris Descartes; CEA, Gif sur Yvette.

Protocadherin 19 (PCDH19) mutations have been identified in epilepsy in females with mental retardation as well as patients with a "Dravet-like" phenotype. We aimed to elucidate the electroclinical phenotype associated with PCDH19 mutation, which is currently difficult to identify at onset leading to a delay in diagnosis. We retrospectively reviewed clinical and EEG data for 13 consecutive patients with PCDH19 mutations or deletions diagnosed at our centers from 2009 to 2011, and followed these patients into adolescence and adulthood. Read More

Epilepsy Behav 2018 Dec 7;90:137-141. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Medical School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, United States.

Objective: A persistent low-grade inflammatory state has been described in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in the interictal period. Adipokines are cytokines produced by the adipose tissue that can influence inflammatory response. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the plasma levels of adipokines in patients with TLE in comparison with controls. Read More

Clin Neurophysiol 2018 Nov 26;130(1):122-127. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

Objective: To evaluate EEG abnormalities, particularly development of temporal intermittent rhythmic delta activity (TIRDA) after laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) and assess the role of further surgery after LITT.

Methods: We retrospectively identified consecutive cases of LITT for the prevalence of post-operative TIRDA. We assessed baseline demographics, clinical variables including age of seizure onset, age at surgery, pre-operative and post-operative EEG changes. Read More

J Clin Lab Anal 2018 Dec 5:e22724. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, China.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of presurgical factors for psychiatric disorders (PD) in refractory temporal lobe epilepsy and mesial temporal sclerosis (TLE-MTS) patients underwent cortico-amygdalohippocampectomy (CAH).

Methods: A total of 98 refractory TLE-MTS patients underwent CAH were consecutively enrolled in this cohort study. Several presurgical factors were recorded, such as married status, employment status, highest education, disease duration, family history of epilepsy, and disorganized VEEG background activity. Read More

Neurotherapeutics 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, 33 Queen Square, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.

Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is an alternative to open surgery for drug-resistant focal mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Studies suggest maximal ablation of the mesial hippocampal head and amygdalohippocampal complex (AHC) improves seizure freedom rates while better neuropsychological outcomes are associated with sparing of the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG). Optimal trajectories avoid sulci and CSF cavities and maximize distance from vasculature. Read More

Neurology 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

From the Department of Neurology (M.J.H.), Columbia University, New York; New York University (W.S.M.), NY; Tris Pharma, Inc. (W.T.S.), Monmouth Junction, NJ; Epilepsy Center (R.M.B.), and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (P.K.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Psychology (C.M.S.), University of Florida Hospital for Children, Orlando; and Department of Psychology (M.L.S.), University of Toronto, Mississauga, Canada. W.S.M. is currently at Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Canada. C.M.S. is currently at Space Coast Neuropsychology Center, Melbourne, FL.

Objective: With this prospective, observational study, we aimed to determine whether noninvasive language tasks, developed specifically for children, could reliably identify the hemisphere of seizure onset in pediatric epilepsy.

Methods: Seventy-eight children with unilateral epilepsy (44 left), aged 6-15 years (mean age = 11.8, SD = 2. Read More

Neuroimage 2018 Dec 1;188:261-273. Epub 2018 Dec 1.

Epilepsy Unit - Neurology Dept. Hospital del Mar - Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM - Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.

Several models have been proposed to explain brain regional and interregional communication, the majority of them using methods that tap the frequency domain, like spectral coherence. Considering brain interareal communication as binary interactions, we describe a novel method devised to predict dynamics and thus highlight abrupt changes marked by unpredictability. Based on a variable-order Markov model algorithm developed in-house for data compression, the prediction error connectivity (PEC) estimates network transitions by calculating error matrices (EMs). Read More

JAMA Neurol 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.

Importance: Seizures recur in as many as half of patients who undergo surgery for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Understanding why TLE is resistant to surgery in some patients may reveal insights into epileptogenic networks and direct new therapies to improve outcomes.

Objective: To characterize features of surgically refractory TLE. Read More

J Neurosci 2018 Nov 30. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah

Astrocyte expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is consistently observed in resected tissue from patients with epilepsy and is equally prevalent in animal models of epilepsy. However, little is known about the functional signaling properties or downstream consequences of astrocyte mGluR5 activation during epilepsy development. In the rodent brain, astrocyte mGluR5 expression is developmentally regulated and confined in expression/function to the first weeks of life, with similar observations made in human control tissue. Read More

EBioMedicine 2018 Nov 27. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw 02-109, Poland. Electronic address:

Background: Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) is a key regulator of cellular homeostasis. In neurons, GSK3β contributes to the control of neuronal transmission and plasticity, but its role in epilepsy remains to be defined.

Methods: Biochemical and electrophysiological methods were used to assess the role of GSK3β in regulating neuronal transmission and epileptogenesis. Read More

J Neurophysiol 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, United States.

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is among the leading causes of death in people with epilepsy. Individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) have a high risk for SUDEP because the seizures are often medically intractable. Neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) have been implicated in mouse models of SUDEP and play a critical role in modulating cardiorespiratory and autonomic output. Read More

J Transl Med 2018 Dec 4;16(1):337. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China.

Background: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common and often refractory brain disease that is closely correlated with inflammation. Alpha-methyl-L-tryptophan (AMT) is recognized as a surrogate marker for epilepsy, characterized by high uptake in the epileptic focus. There are many advantages of using the magnetic targeting drug delivery system of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) to treat many diseases, including epilepsy. Read More

Rev Prat 2017 12;67(10):1111-1115

Service de neurochirurgie, centre hospitalier Sainte-Anne, université Paris-Descartes Paris, France.

Epilepsy surgery. Epilepsy surgery is indicated for adults or children with partial, drug-resistant and disabling epilepsy. It has developed over the last few decades through better identification of candidates, advances in imaging and surgical techniques. Read More

Epilepsia 2018 Dec 22;59(12):2272-2283. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Department of Neurology, Christian-Doppler-Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.

Objective: The European Union-funded E-PILEPSY network (now continuing within the European Reference Network for rare and complex epilepsies [EpiCARE]) aims to harmonize and optimize presurgical diagnostic procedures by creating and implementing evidence-based guidelines across Europe. The present study evaluates the current evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of long-term video-electroencephalographic monitoring (LTM) in identifying the epileptogenic zone in epilepsy surgery candidates.

Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials. Read More

Seizure 2018 Nov 24;64:8-15. Epub 2018 Nov 24.

Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States; Neurology care line, VA Houston Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States.

Purpose: To determine if simultaneous bilateral scalp EEG (scEEG) can accurately detect a contralateral seizure onset in patients with unilateral intracranial EEG (IEEG) implantation.

Methods: We evaluated 39 seizures from 9 patients with bitemporal epilepsy who underwent simultaneous scEEG and IEEG (SSIEEG). To simulate conditions of unilateral IEEG implantation with a missed contralateral seizure onset, we analyzed the IEEG recording contralateral to the seizure onset (CL- IEEG), in conjunction with simultaneous scEEG. Read More

Epilepsy Behav 2018 Nov 27;90:20-24. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Background: Many studies have shown that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with epilepsy (PWE) appears higher than that in general population. However, most epidemiological studies regarding psychiatric comorbidities among PWE were conducted in Western countries. This work aimed to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Thai PWE, including potential variables that could be associated with psychiatric disorders. Read More

J Neurosurg 2018 Oct 1:1-9. Epub 2018 Oct 1.

OBJECTIVERadiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFTC), which has been developed for drug-resistant epilepsy patients, involves less brain tissue loss due to surgery, fewer surgical adverse effects, and generally good seizure control. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of RFTC performed at limited hippocampal locations.METHODSDaily seizure diaries were prospectively maintained for at least 6 months by 9 patients (ages 30-59 years) with drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) before treatment with RFTC. Read More

J Neurosurg 2018 Nov 1:1-7. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

The putative mechanism of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for medically refractory epilepsy is desynchronization of hippocampal and thalamocortical circuitry; however, the nature of the dose-response relationship and temporal dynamics is poorly understood. For greater elucidation, a study in a nonepileptic rat model was previously conducted and showed that rapid-cycle (RC) VNS achieved superior desynchrony compared to standard-cycle (SC) VNS. Here, the authors report on the first in-human analysis of the neuromodulatory dose-response effects of VNS in a patient with posttraumatic, independent, bilateral mesial temporal lobe epilepsy refractory to medications and SC-VNS who was referred as a potential candidate for a responsive neurostimulation device. Read More

Seizure 2018 Nov 22;64:1-5. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Department of Neurology, University of Pécs, H-7623, Rét u. 2., Pécs, Hungary; PTE-MTA Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, H-7623, Rét u. 2, Hungary. Electronic address:

Purpose: To comprehensively analyze ictal piloerection (IP) in a large number of subjects.

Methods: We performed a systematic review on case report studies of patients diagnosed with IP (1929-2017) with additional cases included from the Department of Neurology of University of Pécs, the National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, and Odense University Hospital. Each included case was characterized regarding patient history, IP seizure characteristics, diagnostic work-up, and therapy. Read More

Cell Physiol Biochem 2018 28;51(3):1399-1409. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao,

Background/aims: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of adult localization-related epilepsy that is accompanied by progressive etiopathology and high incidences of drug resistance. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in fine-tuning gene expression, however, the expression profile and clinical significance of circRNAs in TLE remains unknown.

Methods: Circular RNA microarray was conducted to identify TLE-related circRNAs. Read More

J Neurosurg 2018 Oct 1:1-9. Epub 2018 Oct 1.

OBJECTIVEHow the brain supports intermediate-term preservation of memory in patients who have undergone unilateral medial temporal lobe resection (MTLR) has not yet been demonstrated. To understand the neural basis of episodic memory in the intermediate term after surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the authors investigated the relationship between the activation of the hippocampus (HIP) during successful memory encoding and individual memory capacity in patients who had undergone MTLR. They also compared hippocampal activation with other parameters, including structural volumes of the HIP, duration of illness, and age at seizure onset. Read More

Mol Neurobiol 2018 Nov 27. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Kainic acid (KA) is an analogue of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate that, when injected systemically into adult rats, can trigger seizures and progressive neuronal loss in a manner that mirrors the neuropathology of human mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. However, biomolecular mechanisms responsible for the neuronal loss that occurs as a consequence of this treatment remains elusive. We have recently reported that toxicity induced by KA can partly be mediated by astrocyte-derived amyloid β (Aβ) peptides, which are critical in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Read More

Front Cell Neurosci 2018 12;12:402. Epub 2018 Nov 12.

Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.

The dentate gyrus (DG) receives highly processed information from the associative cortices functionally integrated in the trisynaptic hippocampal circuit, which contributes to the formation of new episodic memories and the spontaneous exploration of novel environments. Remarkably, the DG is the only brain region currently known to have high rates of neurogenesis in adults (Andersen et al., 1966, 1971). Read More

World Neurosurg 2018 Nov 24. Epub 2018 Nov 24.

Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Background: Bitemporal epilepsy (BTLE) is a specific anatomo-electro-clinical phenotype in the spectrum of temporal lobe epilepsy. The diagnosis of BTLE and the evaluation of the degree of seizure lateralization in BTLE patients are greatly influenced by the duration of EEG recording and the number of recorded habitual seizures.

Case Description: A 25-year-old female patient had a 5-year history of seizures. Read More

Curr Neuropharmacol 2018 Nov 27. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Montreal Neurological Institute of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, H3A 2B4 Québec. Canada.

The synchronized activity of neuronal networks under physiological conditions is mirrored by specific oscillatory patterns of the EEG that are associated with different behavioral states and cognitive functions. Excessive synchronization can however lead to focal epileptiform activity characterized by interictal and ictal discharges in epileptic patients and animal models. This review focusses on studies that have addressed epileptiform synchronization in temporal lobe regions by employing in vitro and in vivo recording techniques. Read More

Epilepsia 2018 Nov 26. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Objective: The epileptogenic network underlying secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures (sGTCS) in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is not well understood. Here, we investigated alterations in the probabilistic hippocampal-thalamic pathway (pHTP) underlying sGTCS using diffusion tensor imaging and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in a cohort of TLE patients with hippocampal sclerosis (HS).

Methods: We consecutively recruited 51 unilateral TLE-HS patients (26 with and 25 without sGTCS) and 22 healthy controls. Read More

Epilepsy Behav 2018 Nov 23;90:1-6. Epub 2018 Nov 23.

Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1171 - Degenerative & Vascular Cognitive Disorders, Lille, France; Memory Resource and Research Center, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France.

Self-conscious emotions (SCEs) with a negative valence (such as shame and guilt) or a positive valence (such as pride) are moral emotions that emerge from self-reflection and self-evaluation processes in social contexts. In some neurologic and psychiatric disorders, experiences of SCEs are dysregulated. The objectives of the present study were to (i) evaluate whether patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) experience SCEs in the same way as nonclinical (control) participants and (ii) probe the relationships between experiences of SCEs on the one hand and the psychological symptoms frequently diagnosed in patients with TLE (anxiety and depression), the patients' clinical characteristics, and their functional outcomes in everyday life on the other. Read More

Brain Behav 2018 Nov 25:e01177. Epub 2018 Nov 25.

Department of Neurology, Hassan II University Teaching Hospital, Fez, Morocco.

Objectives: Histologically defined as an inflammation-degeneration of limbic structures, limbic encephalitis (LE) is a rare disease and often difficult to diagnose particularly in institutions with limited access to laboratory tests such as antineuronal antibodies or HSV-PCR, and functional imaging. We aimed to describe the demographic, clinical, paraclinical, and etiological features of LE, as well as its medium-term prognosis in Moroccan patients.

Materials And Methods: We collected retrospectively all patients diagnosed with LE in the Department of Neurology of the University Hospital Hassan II of Fez (Morocco) between September 2008 and December 2016. Read More

Epilepsy Res 2018 Nov 17;149:37-43. Epub 2018 Nov 17.

Laboratory of Neural Systems, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address:

There are no functional imaging based biomarkers for pharmacological treatment response in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). In this study, we investigated whether there is an association between resting state functional brain connectivity (RsFC) and seizure control in TLE. We screened a large database containing resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (Rs-fMRI) data from 286 epilepsy patients. Read More

Toxins (Basel) 2018 Nov 22;10(12). Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Neurobiology and Venoms Laboratory (LNP), Department of Biology, College of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 São Paulo, Brazil.

Epilepsy is considered as one of the major disabling neuropathologies. Almost one third of adult patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) do not respond to current antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Additionally, most AEDs do not have neuroprotective effects against the inherent neurodegenerative process underlying the hippocampal sclerosis on TLE. Read More