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Exp Neurol 2022 May 18:114118. Epub 2022 May 18.

Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.

Clinical evidence indicates that patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) often show differential outcomes of comorbid conditions in relation to the lateralization of the seizure focus. A particularly strong relationship exists between the side of seizure focus and the propensity for distinct reproductive endocrine comorbidities in women with TLE. Therefore, here we evaluated whether targeting of left or right dorsal hippocampus for intrahippocampal kainic acid (IHKA) injection, a model of TLE, produces different outcomes in hippocampal granule cell dispersion, body weight gain, and multiple measures of reproductive endocrine dysfunction in female mice. Read More

Neurosurgery 2022 May 24. Epub 2022 May 24.

Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Background: Growing evidence suggests that piriform cortex resection during anterior temporal lobectomy is important for achieving good seizure outcome in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). However, the relationship between seizure outcome and piriform cortex ablation during MR-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) remains unclear.

Objective: To determine whether ablation of piriform cortex was associated with seizure outcome in patients with mTLE undergoing MRgLITT. Read More

Epilepsia 2022 May 20. Epub 2022 May 20.

Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

Objective: Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) present variably and epileptic seizures are the most common symptom. The factors contributing to cavernoma-related epilepsy (CRE) and drug resistance remain inconclusive. The outcomes of CRE after different treatment modalities have not yet been fully addressed. Read More

Epilepsia 2022 May 20. Epub 2022 May 20.

Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan.

Objective: Motivated by the challenges raised by diagnosing poststroke epilepsy (PSE), especially in nonmotor onset seizure (non-MOS), we aimed to investigate features of non-MOS, including seizure sequences, patient characteristics, and electrophysiological and imaging findings in PSE.

Methods: This observational cohort study enrolled patients with PSE whose seizure onset was witnessed. According to the International League Against Epilepsy 2017 seizure classification, we classified seizure onset symptoms into the non-MOS and MOS groups. Read More

Phys Rev E 2022 Apr;105(4-1):044101

Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição (CMCC), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil.

The enormous amount of currently available data demands efforts to extract meaningful information. For this purpose, different measurements are applied, including Shannon's entropy, permutation entropy, and the Lempel-Ziv complexity. These methods have been used in many applications, such as pattern recognition, series classification, and several other areas (e. Read More

Neurotherapeutics 2022 May 17. Epub 2022 May 17.

Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 106.

Focused ultrasound (FUS) has potential utility for modulating regional brain excitability and possibly aiding seizure control; however, the duration of any beneficial effect is unknown. This study explores the efficacy and time course of a short series of pulsed FUS in suppressing EEG epileptiform spikes/bursts in a kainic acid (KA) animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Forty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were recorded for 14 weeks with EEG while software calculated EEG numbers of epileptiform spikes and bursts (≥ 3 spikes/s). Read More

Sci Rep 2022 May 17;12(1):6505. Epub 2022 May 17.

Department of Neurodevelopmental Disorder Genetics, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.

CUX2 gene encodes a transcription factor that controls neuronal proliferation, dendrite branching and synapse formation, locating at the epilepsy-associated chromosomal region 12q24 that we previously identified by a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in Japanese population. A CUX2 recurrent de novo variant p.E590K has been described in patients with rare epileptic encephalopathies and the gene is a candidate for the locus, however the mutation may not be enough to generate the genome-wide significance in the GWAS and whether CUX2 variants appear in other types of epilepsies and physiopathological mechanisms are remained to be investigated. Read More

Mol Brain 2022 May 16;15(1):45. Epub 2022 May 16.

Neurobiology Research Unit 8057, Neurological Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 6-8 Inge Lehmanns Vej, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein-2 (SV2) is a family of proteins consisting of SV2A, SV2B, and SV2C. This protein family has attracted attention in recent years after SV2A was shown to be an epileptic drug target and a perhaps a biomarker of synaptic density. So far, the anatomical localization of these proteins in the rodent and human brain have been reported, but co-expression of SV2 genes on a cellular level, their expressions in the human brain, comparison to radioligand binding, any possible regulation in epilepsy are not known. Read More

Front Psychiatry 2022 27;13:877957. Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Department of Central Laboratory, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, China.

Mounting evidence suggests that social cognitive abilities [including theory of mind (ToM) and empathy] are impaired in adult patients with epilepsy. Although the deficits in overall ToM in epilepsy have been documented well, the effects of epilepsy on empathic ability and specific subcomponents of ToM remain unclear. The primary aim of this study was to provide the first meta-analytic integration of ToM and empathy in adult patients with epilepsy, and to decompose these constructs to clearly differentiate their distinct (cognitive ToM and affective empathy) and overlapping (affective ToM/cognitive empathy) components. Read More

Epilepsy Behav Rep 2022 27;19:100548. Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Department of Neurology, Apollo Hospitals, Seshadripuram, Bangalore, India.

Epileptic auras provide the initial clues to identify the probable region of ictal onset. In temporal lobe epilepsies, auras are most commonly experiential or viscerosensory, when they arise from mesial structures. Whereas sensations such as vertigo and auditory hallucinations are more likely to occur from the lateral temporal lobe structures. Read More

J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2022 9;14:11795735221088522. Epub 2022 May 9.

Neuromodulation Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Background: Low frequency (≤1 Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been shown to suppress cortical excitability and is beginning to be trialed for the treatment of refractory epilepsy.

Purpose: As a step toward a larger trial, the current pilot study was aimed to test the tolerability and safety of temporal lobe rTMS using H-coil for the treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).

Research Design: 1800 pulses of active or sham rTMS were applied 5  days a week for 2 weeks over the temporal lobe of the affected hemisphere. Read More

Front Mol Neurosci 2022 29;15:828891. Epub 2022 Apr 29.

Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China.

Temporal lobe epilepsy, a chronic disease of the brain characterized by degeneration of the hippocampus, has impaired risk assessment. Risk assessment is vital for survival in complex environments with potential threats. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Read More

Epilepsia 2022 May 15. Epub 2022 May 15.

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France.

The relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and focal epilepsy is poorly understood. It has been hypothesized that there is a complex and reciprocal potential reinforcement of the symptoms of each condition. In this study, we investigated whether there were PTSD-specific brain changes in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Read More

PLoS One 2022 13;17(5):e0268010. Epub 2022 May 13.

Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Hessen, Germany.

Cats are known to be affected by hippocampal sclerosis, potentially causing antiseizure drug(s) resistance. In order to lay the foundation for a standardized, systematic classification and diagnosis of this pathology in cats, this prospective study aimed at evaluating normal reference values of cellular densities and the cytoarchitecture of the feline hippocampus. Three transverse sections (head, body and tail) of each left hippocampus were obtained from 17 non-epileptic cats of different brachycephalic and mesocephalic breeds and age classes (range: 3-17 years). Read More

Epilepsia 2022 May 13. Epub 2022 May 13.

Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

Objective: Responsive neurostimulation is an effective therapy for patients with refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. However, clinical outcomes are variable, few patients become seizure-free, and the optimal stimulation location is currently undefined. The aim of this study was to quantify responsive neurostimulation in the mesial temporal lobe, identify stimulation-dependent networks associated with seizure reduction, and determine if stimulation location or stimulation-dependent networks inform outcomes. Read More

Front Hum Neurosci 2022 26;16:849899. Epub 2022 Apr 26.

Division of Epilepsy and Sleep Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.

In this systematic review, we aim to describe the association between temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and sleep, with bidirectional links in mechanisms and therapeutic aspects. Sleep stages may variably impact seizure occurrence, secondary generalization and the development, frequency and distribution of interictal epileptiform discharges. Conversely, epilepsy affects sleep micro- and macroarchitecture. Read More

Acta Neuropathol 2022 May 12. Epub 2022 May 12.

Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Box 29, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis and a history of febrile seizures is associated with common variation at rs7587026, located in the promoter region of SCN1A. We sought to explore possible underlying mechanisms. SCN1A expression was analysed in hippocampal biopsy specimens of individuals with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis who underwent surgical treatment, and hippocampal neuronal cell loss was quantitatively assessed using immunohistochemistry. Read More

Front Neurol 2022 25;13:833293. Epub 2022 Apr 25.

Epilepsy Surgery Center (CIREP), Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Hospital of Clinics of the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto of the University of São Paulo (HCFMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common type of focal epilepsy and is frequently drug-resistant (DR) to antiseizure medication (ASM), corresponding to approximately one-third of the cases. When left inadequately treated, it can worsen the quality of life, cognitive deficits, and risk of death. The standard treatment for drug-resistant TLE is the surgical removal of the structures involved, with good long-term outcome rates of 60-70 % and a low rate of adverse effects. Read More

Prog Neurobiol 2022 May 12;214:102286. Epub 2022 May 12.

Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA. Electronic address:

There is a large unmet need for improved treatment for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE); circuit-specific manipulation that disrupts the initiation and propagation of seizures is promising in this regard. The midline thalamus, including the mediodorsal nucleus (MD) is a critical distributor of seizure activity, but its afferent and efferent pathways that mediate seizure activity are unknown. Here, we used chemogenetics to silence input and output projections of the MD to discrete regions of the frontal cortex in the kindling model of TLE in rats. Read More

J Neurosurg 2022 Apr 29:1-9. Epub 2022 Apr 29.

1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.

Objective: Piriform cortex (PC) is one of the critical structures in the epileptogenesis of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE), but its role is poorly understood. The authors examined the utility of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC; an MR-based marker of tissue pathology) of the PC as a predictor of seizure outcome in patients with mTLE undergoing MR-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT).

Methods: A total of 33 patients diagnosed with mTLE who underwent MRgLITT at the authors' institution were included in the study. Read More

Neurochirurgie 2022 May 6. Epub 2022 May 6.

Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Nancy, Lorraine University, Nancy, France. Electronic address:

Objective: Surgery is an effective treatment for drug-resistant temporal-lobe epilepsy (TLE) but is still underutilized for older patients because of a perceived higher rate of perioperative complications, cognitive decline and worse seizure outcome.

Methods: We retrospectively screened all patients operated on in our institution for drug-resistant TLE between 2007 and 2019. Data of patients aged ≥50 years versus <50 years at surgery were compared. Read More

Seizure 2022 Apr 29;99:16-23. Epub 2022 Apr 29.

Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences & Orthopedics Unit of Neurophysiopathology and Sleep Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Catholic University, Rome.

Objective: The temporal lobe plays a central role in the regulation of the "Central Autonomic Network" and cardiovascular functions. The blockade of glutamatergic pathways in the temporal lobe affects cardio-autonomic control. Perampanel (PER) is a non-competitive agonist of the AMPA receptor. Read More

Neurol India 2022 Mar-Apr;70(2):524-529

Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jabalpur, India.

Background: Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy are subjected to standard temporal lobectomy wherever indicated. This is performed using a reverse question mark flap and a standard frontotemporal craniotomy. We describe the technique of minitemporal craniotomy (3 × 3cms) for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and analyze the clinical outcomes of patients operated using this approach. Read More

Appl Bionics Biomech 2022 26;2022:7871302. Epub 2022 Apr 26.

Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China.

The cellular and molecular mechanisms in pathogenesis and development of epilepsy are still unclear. Specific inflammatory mediators and immune cells may play an important role. The aim of the present study was to investigate the temporal and spatial changes of Th17, Tregs, and related cytokines in epilepsy lesions. Read More

Epilepsy Behav Rep 2022 20;18:100524. Epub 2022 Jan 20.

NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, 223 East 34 Street, New York, NY 10016, USA.

Religious experiences in epilepsy patients have provoked much interest with suggestions that hyperreligiosity is associated with temporal lobe seizures. Extreme varieties of religious behavior may be more frequent in epilepsy patients during ictal activity or during post-ictal psychotic episodes. We report a 75 year-old man with epilepsy who developed a progressive decline in cognition and behavior following a religious conversion 15 years earlier. Read More

Neurobiol Dis 2022 May 5;170:105746. Epub 2022 May 5.

APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a neurological disorder affecting millions of people worldwide and currently represents the most common form of focal epilepsy. Thus, the search for aetiological and pathophysiological parameters of TLE is ongoing. Preclinical work and post-mortem human studies suggest adult hippocampal neurogenesis as a potentially relevant factor in TLE pathogenesis. Read More

Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2022 May 6;1869(9):119279. Epub 2022 May 6.

Institute of Physiology, Medical School & Szentagothai Research Centre, Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary. Electronic address:

Mossy cells (MCs) are glutamatergic cells of the dentate gyrus with an important role in temporal lobe epilepsy. Under physiological conditions MCs can control both network excitations via direct synapses to granule cells and inhibition via connections to GABAergic interneurons innervating granule cells. In temporal lobe epilepsy mossy cell loss is one of the major hallmarks, but whether the surviving MCs drive or inhibit seizure initiation and generalization is still a debate. Read More

Epilepsy Behav 2022 Jun 5;131(Pt A):108703. Epub 2022 May 5.

Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Science, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.

Introduction: Identifying epilepsy in local indigenous populations and describing its epidemiological, etiological, electroencephalographic, and therapeutic aspects can assist public health policies planning toward epilepsy in indigenous communities.

Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study investigated epilepsy among indigenous people residing in Jaguapirú Village, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Participants had their clinical histories reviewed and physical examination performed, as well as one or more electroencephalograms (EEG) registered. Read More

Epilepsy Res 2022 Apr 22;183:106927. Epub 2022 Apr 22.

A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. Electronic address:

Objective: Seizures of frontal or temporal lobe origin can associate with vocalizations in humans. Our objective was to assess whether rats emit specific seizure-related patterns of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) during seizures and epileptiform activity.

Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with a single administration of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ, 50 mg/kg, i. Read More

Epilepsy Res 2022 Apr 21;183:106926. Epub 2022 Apr 21.

Neurobiology Research Unit, University Hospital Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address:

Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) has been proposed as a presynaptic marker in several neurological disorders. Not only is SV2A the target for the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam, but also considered a marker of mature pre-synapses. In this study, we aimed to assess the binding of [H]UCB-J as a selective radioligand for SV2A to visualize and determine changes during different stages of epileptogenesis by in-vitro autoradiography in rat models of temporal lobe epilepsy. Read More