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Otol Neurotol 2021 06;42(5):e573-e578

Division of Otology/Neurotology-Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Objective: Highlight the importance of establishing a differential diagnosis to identify and treat multiple origins of dizziness in a patient following traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Patient: 73-year-old man with TBI and temporal bone fracture developed posttraumatic bilateral multiple canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).

Intervention: Multi-disciplinary diagnostic evaluation and vestibular rehabilitation (VR) treatment focused on canalith repositioning maneuvers (CRMs) and central adaptation. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021 16;12:599316. Epub 2021 Mar 16.

Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.

Introduction: Diabetic bone disease is characterized by an increased fracture risk which may be partly attributed to deficits in cortical bone quality such as higher cortical porosity. However, the temporal evolution of bone microarchitecture, strength, and particularly of cortical porosity in diabetic bone disease is still unknown. Here, we aimed to prospectively characterize the 5-year changes in bone microarchitecture, strength, and cortical porosity in type 2 diabetic (T2D) postmenopausal women with (DMFx) and without history of fragility fractures (DM) and to compare those to nondiabetic fracture free controls (Co) using high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). Read More

J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2021 03;21(1):26-50

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.

Osteoporosis is a long-term consequence of spinal cord injury (SCI) that leads to a high risk of fragility fractures. The fracture rate in people with SCI is twice that of the general population. At least 50% of these fractures are associated with clinical complications such as infections. Read More

Am Surg 2021 Feb 24:3134821998676. Epub 2021 Feb 24.

Trauma Services, 209639Penn Medicine Lancaster General Health, Lancaster, PA, USA.

Introduction: Diagnostic radiology interpretive errors in trauma patients can lead to missed diagnoses, compromising patient care. Due to this, our level II trauma center implemented a reread protocol of all radiographic imaging within 24 hours on our highest trauma activation level (Code T). We sought to determine the efficacy of this reread protocol in identifying missed diagnoses in Code T patients. Read More

Cureus 2021 Jan 2;13(1):e12425. Epub 2021 Jan 2.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Centre, Hungarian Defence Forces, Budapest, HUN.

Blunt trauma of the head can result in temporal bone fracture. Different classifications exist, but from a functional perspective, to distinguish otic capsule sparing and otic capsule disrupting fractures is superior to the classic nomenclature. Disruption of the otic capsule is often associated with sensorineural hearing loss, vestibular dysfunction, cerebrospinal leakage, or even intracranial consequences. Read More

Case Rep Neurol 2020 Sep-Dec;12(Suppl 1):143-148. Epub 2020 Dec 14.

Raffles Skin and Aesthetics Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.

Cervical artery dissection is a rare complication of head and neck trauma. Though it is an infrequent cause of ischaemic stroke, it is more common among the young with cerebral ischaemia. The usual location of carotid dissection is just beyond the carotid bulb. Read More

Surg Neurol Int 2021 5;12. Epub 2021 Jan 5.

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Houston, Texas, United States.

Background: Middle meningeal artery (MMA) pseudoaneurysms are rare but can occur secondary to trauma with an associated skull fracture and can present with a variety of hemorrhage patterns. Epidural, subdural, subarachnoid, and intraparenchymal hematomas have all been reported. Given the wide range of clinical presentations and radiographic findings, multiple treatment strategies have been employed, including surgical removal, endovascular intervention, and conservative treatment. Read More

Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp (Engl Ed) 2021 Jan 12. Epub 2021 Jan 12.

Servicio de Otorrinolaringología. Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España; Instituto de investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red para Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España.

Introduction: The diagnosis of temporal bone fractures (TBF) is based on radiological imaging. The most widely used classification divides fractures into longitudinal, transverse, and mixed. In recent years, other classifications have emerged to better predict clinical manifestations. Read More

Acta Biomater 2021 02 23;121:484-496. Epub 2020 Nov 23.

Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA. Electronic address:

Physiologic pH is maintained in a narrow range through multiple systemic buffering systems. Metabolic Acidosis (MA) is an acid-base disorder clinically characterized by a decrease in systemic pH and bicarbonate (HCO) levels. Acidosis affects millions annually, resulting in decreased bone mineral density and bone volume and an increased rate of fracture. Read More

Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2021 Jun;42(2):194-197

Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Academy of Forensic Science, China, Shanghai, China.

Abstract: Traumatic unilateral vertebral artery (VA) injury can cause focal thrombosis and may block the basilar artery which can further lead to ischemic stroke and massive cerebral infarction and subarachnoid hemorrhage and even rapid death. Here, we present an autopsy case with a traumatic extracranial VA dissection in a motor traffic accident, and the identification of cause of death underwent 2 autopsies. A 62-year-old male pedestrian collided with the right rearview mirror of a car and fell down to the ground. Read More

Otol Neurotol 2021 01;42(1):e101-e106

ENT Unit, Department of Surgery, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia.

Objective: To describe a rare case of pneumolabyrinth (PNL) and pneumocephalus (PNC) due to otogenic meningitis in a patient with superior canal dehiscence (SCD) resulting in profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), semicircular canals impairment but preservation of SCD-related enhanced otolith function.

Patient: A 65-year-old woman with otogenic meningitis.

Intervention: Temporal bone high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scans, brain-magnetic resonance imaging, audiometry, bedside examination, video-head impulse test, and vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs). Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020 Nov 1;138:110358. Epub 2020 Sep 1.

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA. Electronic address:

Objective: Our aim is to characterize complications of pediatric temporal bone fractures and identify predictive risk factors associated with fracture complications.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of all temporal bone fractures diagnosed in children (age less than or equal to 18 years) from a single academic institution between 2003 and 2017. Demographics, mechanism of injury, fracture characteristics, computed tomography evaluation and follow-up duration were recorded on each patient. Read More

Otol Neurotol 2020 12;41(10):e1224-e1230

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

Objective: Only a handful of case reports exist describing posttraumatic sutural diastasis in the calvarium and none report concurrent temporal bone involvement. We aim to describe diastasis along the temporal bone suture lines in the setting of temporal bone trauma and to identify clinical sequelae.

Study Design: Retrospective case review. Read More

Otol Neurotol 2020 12;41(10):1309-1315

Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester.

Objective: Head trauma can cause deafness in cases with and without a skull base fracture. Anatomic disruption can occur with skull base fractures, but inner ear structures can also be damaged by the concussive forces of the trauma even without fracture. It is thought that negative prognostic indicators for successful cochlear implantation (CI) for hearing rehabilitation include fractures involving the otic capsule or ossification of the cochlea. Read More

Can Assoc Radiol J 2021 Feb 18;72(1):45-59. Epub 2020 Aug 18.

Department of Radiology, 12297NYU Langone Medical Center/NYU Langone Orthopedic Center, New York, NY, USA.

Artificial intelligence (AI) will transform every step in the imaging value chain, including interpretive and noninterpretive components. Radiologists should familiarize themselves with AI developments to become leaders in their clinical implementation. This article explores the impact of AI through the entire imaging cycle of musculoskeletal radiology, from the placement of the requisition to the generation of the report, with an added Canadian perspective. Read More

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2020 May;34(5):398-401

Department of Otolaryngology，Children's Hospital of Soochow University，Suzhou，215000，China.

To analyze the common clinical causes and audiological manifestations of unilateral hearing loss in children, and to provide a basis for early prevention and intervention. A retrospective analysis of 20 cases of children diagnosed with unilateral hearing loss was conducted. The medical history was collected, followed by audiological and imaging examinations. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2020 Aug 4;21:e925405. Epub 2020 Aug 4.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

BACKGROUND An elongated styloid process occurs with Eagle syndrome and causes a variety of symptoms. Fracture of the elongated styloid process is a rare condition. With spontaneous fractures, appropriate treatment cannot be performed in many cases due to unexplained symptoms and indefinite complaints that are not thoroughly examined. Read More

Clin Exp Metastasis 2020 10 8;37(5):575-584. Epub 2020 Jul 8.

Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Mechanical instability secondary to vertebral metastases can lead to pathologic vertebral compression fracture (VCF) mechanical pain, neurological compromise, and the need for surgical stabilization. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) as a treatment for spinal metastases is effective for pain and local tumor control, it has been associated with an increased risk of VCF. This study quantified computed tomography (CT) based stability measures in metastatic vertebrae with VCF treated with spine SBRT. Read More

Jt Dis Relat Surg 2020 18;31(2):312-319. Epub 2020 Jun 18.

Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Anabilim Dalı, 06500 Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey.

Objectives: This study aims to assess the functional outcomes, static-dynamic postural stability of patients and evaluate electromyographic activity of gluteus medius (GMed) muscle during gait and spatiotemporal parameters of gait in patients after antegrade intramedullary nailing (IMN) of femoral shaft fractures with trochanter tip entry.

Patients And Methods: Sixteen patients (15 males, 1 female; mean age 34.8±15. Read More

Nagoya J Med Sci 2020 May;82(2):377-381

Department of Neurosurgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.

Growing skull fractures (GSFs) are well-known but rare causes of pediatric head trauma. They generally occur several months after a head injury, and the main lesion is located under the periosteum. We herein report a case involving a 3-month-old boy with GSF that developed by a different mechanism than previously considered. Read More

Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020 Dec 22;24(4):509-514. Epub 2020 Jun 22.

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology Department, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1748 - Umuarama, Bloco 4T, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-320, Brazil.

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis describes the bone or fibrous adhesion of the TMJ components, with functional impairment. The present report shows the surgical correction the TMJ ankylosis due to a condyle fracture in a child. A 12-year-old patient, female, attended to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of the Clinical Hospital/Federal University of Uberlândia, showing severe mouth opening limitation (9 mm) and history of bilateral condyle fracture and symphysis fracture. Read More

Otol Neurotol 2020 08;41(7):929-933

Houston Methodist ENT and Facial Plastic Surgery Associates, Houston, Texas.

Objective: To discuss the natural history and management of pneumolabyrinth, with particular attention to illustrative cases where hearing improved after a fluid-filled vestibule was restored.

Patients: Adults at two academic medical centers with documented pneumolabyrinth on computed tomography (CT) imaging.

Intervention: Middle ear surgery or observation. Read More

Diagn Interv Radiol 2020 Jul;26(4):355-362

Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

Purpose: Diagnosis of bone marrow edema syndrome (BMES) can be challenging. There is sometimes uncertainty about the correct diagnosis of BMES on morphologic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), since subchondral findings like lines and spots can be misinterpreted as "beginning" or "possible" avascular osteonecrosis (AVN). The aim of our study was to systematically assess the temporal course of BMES from first diagnosis on MRI until the end of clinical symptoms and the full disappearance of bone marrow edema (BME) to determine whether subchondral lines and spots detected in these patients can develop into osteonecrosis. Read More

Niger J Clin Pract 2020 Jun;23(6):879-882

Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) of the sphenoparietal sinus are extremely rare. In the present report, we describe a 46-year-old male patient who presented with headache, pulsatile tinnitus on the right side, and a single course of focal seizure starting 2 months after a closed head injury causing right temporal and occipital bone fractures. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging which was obtained 11 months after the injury showed white matter necrosis in the right frontal lobe while digital subtraction angiography (DSA) revealed a right-sided DAVF in the region of sphenoparietal sinus. Read More

Cureus 2020 Apr 16;12(4):e7694. Epub 2020 Apr 16.

Neurological Surgery, The University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, USA.

We present our experience following a unique case of coincident intracranial hemorrhage and comminuted fractures of both the squamous temporal bone and zygomaticofrontal orbit. Surgical techniques and outcome for this presentation have yet to be sufficiently described. A 55-year-old male presented following trauma with Glasgow Coma Scale score of 7. Read More

Spine Deform 2020 10 20;8(5):1139-1142. Epub 2020 Apr 20.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 5141 Broadway, New York, NY, 10034, USA.

Background: To our knowledge, this is the first documented report of an operative cranial epidural hematoma secondary to skull fracture due to placement of Gardner-Wells Tongs (GWT) in the setting of a spinal deformity reconstruction.

Purpose: The objective is to illustrate the possibility of cranial pathology secondary to GWT placement and the need to properly correlate intraoperative neuromonitoring findings.

Study Design: Case report. Read More

Front Vet Sci 2020 12;7:129. Epub 2020 Mar 12.

Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

The keel bone of commercially kept laying hens is known to be frequently affected by morphologic changes such as fractures and deformations with important implications for animal welfare. To detect morphologic changes, various methods such as palpation, computed tomography, and ultrasound are available, though radiography allows for the greatest level of detail in combination with the most ease of use. To explore the benefits of radiography in providing objective data on keel fractures from the age of 22-61 weeks within a single laying period, the keel bones of 75 Lohmann Brown and 75 Lohmann Selected Leghorns were radiographed every 3 to 5 weeks. Read More

Ear Nose Throat J 2020 Dec 24;99(10):654-657. Epub 2020 Mar 24.

Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 34753West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

Growing skull fracture (GSF) is an uncommon post-traumatic complication, which accounts for approximately 0.05% to 1% of all skull fractures. Delayed diagnosis of GSF in adulthood is rare and often involved with a variety of neurological symptoms. Read More

J Laryngol Otol 2020 Mar 3;134(3):205-212. Epub 2020 Mar 3.

Department of ENT, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, UK.

Objective: To review the management of temporal bone fractures at a major trauma centre and introduce an evidence-based protocol.

Methods: A review of reports of head computed tomography performed for trauma from January 2012 to July 2018 was conducted. Recorded data fields included: mode of trauma, patient age, associated intracranial injury, mortality, temporal bone fracture pattern, symptoms and intervention. Read More

Laryngoscope 2021 01 25;131(1):E278-E282. Epub 2020 Feb 25.

Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.

Objectives/hypothesis: To identify which patients with temporal bone fractures who have already undergone trauma pan-scan computed tomography (CT) do not require an additional dedicated temporal bone CT. To determine the added cost of dedicated temporal bone CT in a lower-risk group of patients.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review. Read More