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J Bone Miner Res 2022 Jun 24. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, U.K.

The risk of osteoporotic fracture is inversely related to bone mineral density (BMD), but how spatial BMD pattern influences fracture risk remains incompletely understood. This study used a pixel-level spatio-temporal atlas of proximal femoral BMD in 13,338 white European women (age 20 to 97 years) to quantitate age-related texture variation in BMD maps and generate a 'reference' map of bone ageing. We introduce a new index, called Densitometric Bone Age (DBA), as the age at which an individual site-specific BMD map (the proximal femur is studied here) best matches the median ageing trajectory at that site in terms of the root mean squared error (RMSE). Read More

Pediatr Radiol 2022 May 24. Epub 2022 May 24.

Department of Paediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland.

Background: Resorption of magnesium-based alloy bioabsorbable screws produces hydrogen gas, which can be mistaken as a sign of infection and may affect the physis or fixed bone fragment.

Objective: We evaluated the temporal and spatial occurrence of gas and the occurrence of a breakage of the fixed bone fragment or screw following magnesium screw fixation.

Materials And Methods: Radiographs of paediatric patients treated with magnesium screws were retrospectively reviewed. Read More

HNO 2022 May 14;70(5):352-360. Epub 2022 Apr 14.

Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen‑, Ohrenheilkunde, KRH Klinikum Nordstadt, Haltenhoffstraße 41, 30167, Hannover, Deutschland.

Background: The present study comprises a retrospective analysis of skull, skull base, and midface fractures in children, to provide clinical orientation for their management. To date, only few data are available on these injuries in this patient group.

Methods: Data from inpatient cases diagnosed with a midface, skull, or skull base fracture in the Children's Hospital Auf der Bult from 2015 to 2020 were evaluated. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2022 25;41:72. Epub 2022 Jan 25.

Service de Radiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Hôpital du Point G, Bamako, Mali.

Temporal bone injuries occur in 14-22% of skull fractures occurring due to head trauma. The purpose of this study is to understand the role of helical computed tomography in petrous bone trauma and to show the different types of fractures and the associated lesions. We conducted a retrospective study of 12 patients with petrous bone trauma (including 10 men and 2 women) over a period of 14 months. Read More

BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022 Mar 31;23(1):310. Epub 2022 Mar 31.

Department of Neurosurgery, St. Marianna University, Kanagawa, Japan.

Background: A hairline crack on the cranium can occur even under a small external load or impact and are thus often observed in patients who have experienced an accidental fall or collision. Typical finite element analysis is useful to analyze the stress concentration or the propagation of stress waves. However, a stress propagation model does not accurately reproduce the features of hairline cracks on the cranium. Read More

Injury 2022 Jun 19;53(6):2023-2027. Epub 2022 Mar 19.

Department of General Surgical Specialities, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Level 6 East, 300 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3050, Australia; Trauma Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Level 6 East, 300 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3050, Australia; Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Australasian Trauma Society, PO Box 576, Crows Nest, New South Wales, 1585, Australia.

Introduction: Traumatic internal carotid artery (ICA) injuries are an uncommon complication of petrous temporal bone (PTB) fractures that can have devastating consequences of stroke, haemorrhage and death. Current guidelines suggest that all PTB fractures should be screened for blunt cerebrovascular injury, however clinical practice varies. The purpose of this study was to identify features associated with PTB fractures that increase the likelihood of ICA injury. Read More

West J Emerg Med 2022 Feb 9;23(2):238-245. Epub 2022 Feb 9.

The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hershey, Pennsylvania.

Objective: Temporal bone computed tomography (CT) requires a relatively high radiation dose to produce high-resolution images required to define surgical anatomy. In the acute setting, the need for this detailed evaluation of temporal bone pathology may not be required for nonsurgical management and clinical decision-making. We performed a retrospective review of the clinical characteristics and subsequent management of children who underwent CT of the temporal bone with the goal of optimizing clinical decision-making and mitigating the risks of radiation exposure in children. Read More

Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022 22;10:740507. Epub 2022 Feb 22.

Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

The aim of this study is to explore the potential of mixed reality (MR) technology in the visualization of orthopedic surgery. The visualization system with MR technology is widely used in orthopedic surgery. The system is composed of a 3D imaging workstation, a cloud platform, and an MR space station. Read More

Neurol India 2022 Jan-Feb;70(1):366-368

Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan.

Background: Mechanical stimulation may lead to internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection and aneurysm.

Case Description: We encountered a rare case of ICA dissection and aneurysm with prolonged styloid process (SP) fracture. A 37-year-old sales worker presented with right-sided amaurosis fugax. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2022 Apr 3;17(4):1124-1127. Epub 2022 Feb 3.

Department of Medicine, MedStar Franklin Square Medical Center, 9000 Franklin Square Dr, Baltimore, MD 21237, USA.

Temporal bone fracture is a relatively rare but significant complication of traumatic head injury. We present a rare and unique case of traumatic temporal bone fracture with middle ear effusion, in a 76-year-old woman, following a fall. Physical examination on presentation was remarkable for a superficial scalp hematoma in the occipital region, without any focal neurological deficits. Read More

Clin Imaging 2022 Mar 30;83:65-71. Epub 2021 Dec 30.

University of Bradford and Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom.

Objectives: Scaphoid fractures are challenging to accurately diagnose with delayed and missed diagnoses risking poor patient outcomes. Cone beam CT (CBCT) is an emerging technology facilitating alternative access to multi-planar imaging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of early CBCT in the diagnosis of suspected scaphoid fractures presenting via the Emergency Department (ED). Read More

J Biomech 2022 01 30;131:110868. Epub 2021 Nov 30.

Escuela de Ingeniería Informática, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería en Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile. Electronic address:

Cortical bone is a complex multiscale medium and its study is of importance for clinical fracture prevention. In particular, cortical attenuation is known to be linked with shock energy absorption and ability to resist fracture. However, the links between cortical bone absorption and its multiscale structure are still not well understood. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Dec 1;14(12). Epub 2021 Dec 1.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

We report a case of a temporal bone pneumatocele with full-thickness erosion of the cranium associated with aggressive nose blowing. This condition presented 9 years after traumatic fracture of the temporal bone. There are 17 reported cases of mastoid sinus hyperpneumatisation in the literature. Read More

J Neurosci Rural Pract 2021 Oct 28;12(4):689-693. Epub 2021 Sep 28.

Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States.

 Epidural hematoma (EDH), most often caused by rupture of the middle meningeal artery secondary to head trauma with fracture of the temporal bone, is a potentially fatal condition that can lead to elevated intracranial pressure, herniation, and death within hours following the inciting traumatic incident, unless surgical evacuation is accomplished. Several markers have been found to be associated with hematoma expansion in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients, including: the CT Blend Sign, Swirl Sign, and Black Hole Sign. This study aims to examine these markers, along with intradural air close to or in the region of an EDH and/or close to a significant fracture, fractures involving the skull base, and complicated (i. Read More

Forensic Sci Int 2021 Dec 17;329:111058. Epub 2021 Oct 17.

Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense (LABANOF), Sezione di Medicina Legale, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

Accurate dating of bone fractures can be crucial in the context of forensic trauma analysis since it may provide essential information for the corroboration or contradiction of statements by victims or suspects in cases of domestic abuse or torture. The different stages of bone healing have been well described in the existing literature, and some previous studies attempted to define related timelines particularly in the paediatric population. However, the bone healing process can be very variable and despite the importance of the topic in the forensic field, so far little is known about the radiological appearance of bone fractures at different healing stages, and how this correlates with time, especially in an adult population. Read More

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2021 Oct;35(10):880-885

Department of Radiology，Beilun District People's Hospital（Beilun Branch of the First Hospital of Zhejiang University）.

Study on the value of quantitative measurement of key structures of inner ear by high resolution computer tomography（HRCT） in hearing evaluation of patients with congenital severe sensorineural hearing loss（SNHL）. A total of 90 children with extremely severe SNHL diagnosed and treated in Beilun District People's Hospital from January 2018 to February 2021 were collected as the experimental group. In the same period, 90 children（180 ears） with normal inner ear structure and hearing were scanned because of head trauma and suspected temporal bone fracture. Read More

J Med Life 2021 Jul-Aug;14(4):587-590

Department of Neurology, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is a rare clinical entity caused in most cases by a cerebrospinal fluid leak occurring at the level of the spinal cord. Cranial dural leaks have been previously reported as a cause of orthostatic headaches but, as opposed to spinal dural leaks, were not associated with other findings characteristic of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. We present the case of a male admitted for severe orthostatic headache. Read More

Int J Legal Med 2021 Nov 2;135(6):2653-2658. Epub 2021 Oct 2.

Forensic Pathology, University Center of Legal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.

A tympanal bone fracture is an uncommon complication of head trauma and is mostly associated with a mandibular or petrous bone fracture. Upon reviewing the medicolegal literature, we could not find any publications on this topic. Tympanal bone fracture may lead to chronic complications (including external auditory canal stenosis and conductive hearing loss), with an important impact in both the medical and judiciary fields (e. Read More

Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp (Engl Ed) 2021 Sep-Oct;72(5):295-304

Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red para Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.

Introduction: The diagnosis of temporal bone fractures (TBF) is based on radiological imaging. The most widely used classification divides fractures into longitudinal, transverse, and mixed. In recent years, other classifications have emerged to better predict clinical manifestations. Read More

Ann Transl Med 2021 Aug;9(15):1223

Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Departments of Mechanical Engineering and School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.

Background: Expedient prediction of adverse bone fracture healing (delayed- or non-union) is necessary to advise secondary treatments for improving healing outcome to minimize patient suffering. Radiographic imaging, the current standard diagnostic, remains largely ineffective at predicting nonunions during the early stages of fracture healing resulting in mean nonunion diagnosis times exceeding six months. Thus, there remains a clinical deficit necessitating improved diagnostic techniques. Read More

Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2021 Aug;56(8):801-805

Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiamen 361003, China.

To elucidate the clinical manifestations of temporal bone tympanic plate fracture and the correlation between treatment time after injury and its prognosis, and to discuss the importance of early treatment of tympanic fracture. Retrospective analysis was carried out on the clinical data of 15 patients(17 ears)with temporal bone tympanic plate fracture from March 2006 to July 2019. The course of disease was less than 1 month (initial stage) in 7 cases (7 ears), 1 month to 6 months (middle stage) in 2 cases (3 ears), and 6 months or more (late stage) in 6 cases (7 ears). Read More

Knee 2021 Oct 9;32:201-210. Epub 2021 Sep 9.

Total Joint Replacement Center, Yan Chai Hospital, Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

Background: Tibial stress fracture, anteromedial bone pain, and early subsidence could occur after unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA). The change in metaphyseal tibial bone density (MTBD) in the coronal and sagittal planes after UKA might be a contributing factor, but this has rarely been investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the regional and temporal change in MTBD in the coronal and sagittal planes in the first 2 years after UKA. Read More

Radiologe 2021 Aug 8;61(8):704-709. Epub 2021 Jul 8.

Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße 1, 66424, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland.

Clinical Issue: Basilar skull fractures are fractures of the lower part of the skull. They make up about 20% of all skull fractures and are mainly caused by high-velocity blunt trauma and falls from high heights. Depending on their precise location, they can be divided into frontobasal, laterobasal and frontolateral fractures. Read More

Arch Osteoporos 2021 07 7;16(1):107. Epub 2021 Jul 7.

Department of Medicine (C5121), University of Manitoba, 409 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.

Site-specific X-ray procedure codes are a useful ancillary source of information for identifying fractures in healthcare administrative and claims data.

Introduction: Real-world evaluation of fracture epidemiology at the population level from electronic healthcare information, such as administrative data, requires comprehensive data sources and validated case definitions. Only hip fractures are routinely hospitalized, and the identification of most osteoporosis-related fractures which are non-hospitalized fractures remains challenging. Read More

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022 Mar 24;279(3):1341-1348. Epub 2021 May 24.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.

Purpose: To report our experience using endoscopic intranasal incision reduction (EIIR) for nasal fractures and to assess effectiveness of the method.

Methods: 30 patients who underwent EIIR were retrospectively analysed. All the patients were examined by three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT), acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry, preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 month. Read More

Otol Neurotol 2021 06;42(5):e573-e578

Division of Otology/Neurotology-Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Objective: Highlight the importance of establishing a differential diagnosis to identify and treat multiple origins of dizziness in a patient following traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Patient: 73-year-old man with TBI and temporal bone fracture developed posttraumatic bilateral multiple canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).

Intervention: Multi-disciplinary diagnostic evaluation and vestibular rehabilitation (VR) treatment focused on canalith repositioning maneuvers (CRMs) and central adaptation. Read More

Sci Rep 2021 04 21;11(1):8660. Epub 2021 Apr 21.

Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.

Thorough preclinical evaluation of functionalized biomaterials for treatment of large bone defects is essential prior to clinical application. Using in vivo micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and mouse femoral defect models with different defect sizes, we were able to detect spatio-temporal healing patterns indicative of physiological and impaired healing in three defect sub-volumes and the adjacent cortex. The time-lapsed in vivo micro-CT-based approach was then applied to evaluate the bone regeneration potential of functionalized biomaterials using collagen and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2). Read More

J Bone Miner Res 2021 07 15;36(7):1300-1315. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Army Health and Performance Research, Army Headquarters, Andover, UK.

Bone adapts to unaccustomed, high-impact loading but loses mechanosensitivity quickly. Short periods of military training (≤12 weeks) increase the density and size of the tibia in women. The effect of longer periods of military training, where the incidence of stress fracture is high, on tibial macrostructure and microarchitecture in women is unknown. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021 16;12:599316. Epub 2021 Mar 16.

Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.

Introduction: Diabetic bone disease is characterized by an increased fracture risk which may be partly attributed to deficits in cortical bone quality such as higher cortical porosity. However, the temporal evolution of bone microarchitecture, strength, and particularly of cortical porosity in diabetic bone disease is still unknown. Here, we aimed to prospectively characterize the 5-year changes in bone microarchitecture, strength, and cortical porosity in type 2 diabetic (T2D) postmenopausal women with (DMFx) and without history of fragility fractures (DM) and to compare those to nondiabetic fracture free controls (Co) using high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). Read More

Acta Otolaryngol 2021 May 30;141(5):490-494. Epub 2021 Mar 30.

Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Cochlear Implants, Shanghai, PR China.

Background: Combining acoustic and electrical stimulation has been successfully used in patients with low-frequency residual hearing. Electrode insertion trauma, such as electrode translocation could result in loss of residual hearing.

Objectives: The aim of the study is to evaluate the LCI-20PI electrode array insertion trauma to the intra-cochlear structures in fresh human temporal bone specimens. Read More