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J Dermatolog Treat 2019 Apr 2:1-8. Epub 2019 Apr 2.

a Department of Dermatology , University of California Irvine, Irvine , CA , USA.

Background: Hair loss encompasses a group of scarring and nonscarring diseases with limited treatment options. Understanding the pathogenesis of alopecias has led to the experimental use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEi).

Objective: To perform a systematic review of literature surrounding the use of PDEi for alopecia. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Mar;98(12):e14938

Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences Postgraduation Program, Universidade Nove de Julho, Universidade Nove de Julho.

The female hair loss pattern was originally described as a synonym for androgenetic alopecia. It has been defined as progressive miniaturizations of the hair follicles, with a great impact on the quality of life of affected patients, causing significant psychosocial limitations. It was recently proven that photobiomodulation is a safe and effective way to treat the different types of hair loss. Read More

N Z Med J 2019 03 8;132(1491):90-92. Epub 2019 Mar 8.

Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center, Denver, CO, USA

Pol Merkur Lekarski 2019 Feb;46(272):77-79

Department of Dermatology, University Hospital in Cracow, Poland.

Hair loss is a significant and constantly growing social problem among both women and men. Many drugs through their toxic effects on the cells of the hair follicle matrix have an influence on mitotic divisions and the hair growth cycle, leading to anagen or telogen effluvium. Currently, there are more and more publications and clinical studies evaluating the possibility of using methotrexate in the treatment of various types of non-scarring and scarring alopecia, but there is no study of the effect relating to the hair loss with low doses of the drug in other therapeutic indications. Read More

Int J Trichology 2019 Jan-Feb;11(1):20-25

Department of Biochemistry, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

Backgrounds: Telogen effluvium (TE) is the most common reason for hair loss in humans. Although the exact etiopathogenesis of TE has not been revealed clearly and completely, multifactorial etiologies are to be blamed. In recent years, since oxidative stress (OS) has been shown to play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of so many diseases, the effects of OS on several skin diseases are researched and analyzed. Read More

Dermatol Ther 2019 Jan 28:e12842. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Department of Dermatology, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.

Iran J Pathol 2018 12;13(3):317-324. Epub 2018 Sep 12.

Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Background And Objective: Non-scarring alopecia is a challenge in the diagnosis and treatment, rarely studied in Asian countries.The current study aimed at evaluating histopathological features including hair count of different subtypes of non-scarring alopecia in Iranian patients.

Methods: The current study was conducted on 114 cases diagnosed with non-scarring alopecia in Molecular Dermatology Research Center and Pathology Department of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Read More

Skin Res Technol 2019 Jan 5. Epub 2019 Jan 5.

Department of Dermatology, Yildirim Beyazit University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

Background: The application of heat, used to straighten the typically coiled hair, has long been hypothesized to play a role in the etiologic factor for central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermal hair straightening on hair loss pattern in Asian women exist.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-five patients with hair loss who have been using hair straightening devices and 25 patients with telogen effluvium were enrolled in this prospective study. Read More

Am J Clin Dermatol 2019 Apr;20(2):237-250

Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, 676 N St Clair St, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.

Topical minoxidil is a well-known and often-utilized drug in dermatological practice for the treatment of alopecia. It was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in 1988. Since its approval, minoxidil has been used off-label for the treatment of many other types of alopecia, with minimal formal evidence of efficacy. Read More

J Drugs Dermatol 2018 11;17(11):1236-1240

We investigated a subtype of Telogen Effluvium associated with Dysesthesia, (TED) which was defined as the presence of Telogen Effluvium with severe itch, pain, soreness, burning, or formication in the absence of any inflammatory scalp disorder or medication associated with Telogen Effluvium or Dysesthesia. These are patients who present with a “burning” scalp or other dysesthesia associated with increased telogen hair shedding. Telogen Effluvium is not typically associated with any scalp symptoms. Read More

J Photochem Photobiol B 2018 Dec 17;189:318-325. Epub 2018 Sep 17.

Merz Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Alfred-Wegener-Straße 2, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany. Electronic address:

Background: Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is known to be harmful to normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) of the epidermal skin layer, as well as to hair-follicle-associated keratinocytes. An oral formulation containing l-cystine, thiamin, calcium d-pantothenate, medicinal yeast, keratin and p-aminobenzoic acid (Panto[vi]gar®) has demonstrated clinical efficacy for the treatment of diffuse telogen effluvium; however, its mode of action at the cellular level, and in particular whether protective mechanisms are involved, has yet to be elucidated.

Objectives: To assess the capacity of ingredients of this oral formulation, both separately and in combination, to modulate the effects of UVR in growth-limited NHEKs in vitro. Read More

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019 Feb 29;63(2). Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.

Fluconazole-induced alopecia is a significant problem for patients receiving long-term therapy. We evaluated the hair cycle changes of fluconazole in a rat model and investigated potential molecular mechanisms. Plasma and tissue levels of retinoic acid were not found to be causal. Read More

Lupus Sci Med 2018 25;5(1):e000291. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

Corporal Michael J Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Several patterns of hair loss can occur in lupus erythematosus (LE). Alopecias which show histological characteristics of LE are LE-specific, and include discoid LE (DLE), diffuse or patchy hair loss in acute LE, subacute cutaneous LE, and rarely tumid LE. Lupus hair in SLE is a poorly characterised entity and may be a form of telogen effluvium. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019 Mar 2;33(3):608-611. Epub 2018 Dec 2.

Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Background: Illness impact on HrQoL has been widely studied in hair loss-affected patients, yet no study has addressed whether individual differences modulate HrQoL in patients with alopecia areata (AA), androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and telogen effluvium (TE).

Objective: To identify the personality dimensions most predictive of the impact of disease on HrQoL.

Method: A single-site cross-sectional study was carried out in the Dermatology Unit of Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna between September 2016 and September 2017. Read More

J Cosmet Dermatol 2019 Apr 23;18(2):647-651. Epub 2018 Oct 23.

Department of Dermatology, Self-employed, Konya, Turkey.

Background/ Objectives: Isotretinoin is a synthetic vitamin A agent that affects all of the pathogenic factors that suppress sebum production and play a role in the formation of acne. It is frequently used in the treatment of moderate-severe acne vulgaris. However, there are some mucocutaneous and systemic side effects that limit the use of isotretinoin. Read More

Exp Dermatol 2018 Oct 11. Epub 2018 Oct 11.

Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.

Background: Diffuse alopecia areata (DAA) often leads to a complete hair shedding within a few months.

Objective: To explore features and mechanisms underlying DAA.

Materials And Methods: Scalp and hair root dermoscopy were conducted on 23 DAA patients throughout the disease process, 20 patchy Alopecia areata patients, 23 acute telogen effluvium (ATE) patients and 10 normal controls. Read More

Med Arch 2018 Apr;72(2):136-140

Biota Laboratories, R&D Center, Sancaktepe, Istanbul, Turkey.

Background: Currently while, topical minoxidil and oral finasteride are the only medications approved in androgenetic alopecia (AGA), the cause oriented treatment and immunsupressive treatment are being performed in telogen effluvium (TE) and alopecia areata (AA) respectively. Considering the inflammatory factors in the pathogenesis of these three nonscarring alopecia forms, we have formulated a mixture for topical usage composed of six different herbal extracts (HE) which have already known antiinflammatory and antioxidant features.

Materials And Methods: In addition to performing the phytochemical analysis of HE, we detected the gene expression level of IL-1α, the crucial hair loss mediator, for the putative efficacy in nonscarring alopecia. Read More

Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2018 10;11:431-436. Epub 2018 Sep 10.

Clinical Research, Farmoquímica S.A, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Purpose: Telogen effluvium (TE) is defined as a diffuse hair loss characterized by shortening of the anagen phase and precipitation of the telogen phase, with a consequent reduction of total hair volume. Nutritional supplementation is indicated under conditions in which TE is related to dietary disorders. The aim of this clinical study was to compare the efficacy of two different supplements in monotherapy for TE. Read More

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018 21;8:268. Epub 2018 Aug 21.

Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

During the epidemic of the dengue virus (DENV) infection in Taiwan in 2014 and 2015, we observed an abnormally high frequency of increased scalp hair shedding in infected individuals that could not be explained by telogen effluvium. In this study, the mechanism of hair loss caused by DENV was explored. Human hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs) are essential for hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2018 Oct 25;57(10):1221-1228. Epub 2018 Jul 25.

Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Background: Androgenetic alopecia or female pattern hair loss is the condition that most commonly leads to hair loss in adult females. The trichoscope is used for the early diagnosis of the disease. The study aims at finding a possible association between trichoscopic signs and disease severity in dark-skinned females. Read More

Am J Clin Dermatol 2018 Oct;19(5):679-694

Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.

Cutaneous and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) commonly involves the hair and scalp. Alopecia can result from direct activity of disease on the scalp or from the state of physical stress in the form of telogen effluvium. Discoid lupus erythematosus and lupus panniculitis/profundus are known to cause scarring alopecia, while accumulation of recent studies has shown that non-scarring alopecia in SLE may have different subtypes, comprising lupus erythematosus-specific and lupus erythematosus-nonspecific changes on histology. Read More

Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat 2018 Jun;27(2):51-57

R&D Center, Sancaktepe, Biota Laboratories, Istanbul, Turkey.

Introduction: Currently there are only a limited number of drugs available for treatment of androgenetic alopecia and telogen effluvium. However, certain plants and their standardized extracts may provide some clinical benefits against hair loss. We formulated a herbal shampoo and a solution to evaluate their efficacy, safety, and synergy in hair loss. Read More

Indian J Dermatol 2018 May-Jun;63(3):246-250

Medical Documentation and Secretary, Vocational School of Health Services, Yuzuncu Yil University, Tusba, Van, Turkey.

Background: Despite a multitude of studies, etiology of primary chronic telogen effluvium (TE) remains incompletely understood. Essential heavy metals are associated with beneficial effects in humans as well as in other living organisms. However, they may lead to toxic effects when the exposure exceeds the higher tolerable limits. Read More

J Cosmet Dermatol 2019 Feb 17;18(1):401-407. Epub 2018 May 17.

Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India.

Background: Diffuse hair loss (DHL) is a common problem in adult women and has a major impact on quality of life. Ascertaining the etiological diagnosis is a challenging task in such patients. Satisfactory treatment can only be instituted after ascertaining the cause of hair loss. Read More

G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2018 Jun;153(3):338-343

International Hair Research Foundation, Milan, Italy -

Background: Considering the importance of hair in our modern society and the impact of hair loss, the efforts of researchers are addressed to better understand the mechanisms behind the hair cycle regulation and dysregulation. Because hair loss is multifactorial, differenced and new approaches are required. In particular we addressed our attention to two recently identified targets in hair cycling and growth control: olfactory receptor and autophagy. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2018 Mar;93(2):274-276

Department of Dermatology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Lupus erythemathosus is a chronic, relapsing disease with acute, subacute, and chronic lesions. Effluvium telogen occurs in the setting of systemic activity of the disease, and cicatricial alopecia results from discoid lesionsin on the scalp. Other types of alopecia, like alopecia areata, may rarely be found in lupus. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2018 Apr 21. Epub 2018 Apr 21.

Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH; Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine, CA.

Ann Dermatol 2018 Apr 21;30(2):214-217. Epub 2018 Feb 21.

Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.

Telogen effluvium is categorized in nonscarring alopecia, which shows scalp hair thinning and shedding diffusely resulting from inducing factors such as physiological stressful events and several acute or chronic diseases. It usually appears in female patients following parturition, as well as after febrile disease, major surgery, emotional stress, abrupt diet, chronic illness, or the taking of certain medication pills. Two patients who both recalled an operational history of hair transplantation visited our department with their frontal and both temporal hair loss. Read More

J Dermatol 2018 Aug 6;45(8):e224-e225. Epub 2018 Mar 6.

Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Skin Appendage Disord 2018 Jan 6;4(1):29-30. Epub 2017 Jul 6.

Clinica Dermatologica dell'Università, Genoa, Italy.

J Am Acad Dermatol 2018 Jun 31;78(6):1178-1184. Epub 2018 Jan 31.

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami L Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Electronic address:

Background: The histologic findings of scalp involvement in dermatomyositis are not well characterized on account of a lack of large series.

Objective: To systematize the histologic features of scalp involvement in dermatomyositis on horizontal and vertical sections.

Methods: A descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional study recruited 31 patients with pathologically and serologically confirmed dermatomyositis in Mexico City, Mexico, from June 2014 to June 2015. Read More

Am J Dermatopathol 2018 Jul;40(7):498-501

Departments of Dermatology, and.

Naked hair shafts (NHS) are free-floating hair shafts devoid of surrounding epithelium, supporting structures, and/or embedded in inflammation that may result from destruction of hair follicles by scarring processes such as inflammation and fibroplasia. Extensive examination of NHS has not been performed in scalp biopsies of alopecia. We retrospectively evaluated 622 scalp biopsies of alopecia [345 cicatricial alopecias (central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, lichen planopilaris, discoid lupus erythematosus, acne keloidalis nuchae, and folliculitis decalvans] and 277 non-cicatricial alopecias [alopecia areata, androgenic alopecia, telogen effluvium, and psoriatic alopecia)] for the presence of NHS. Read More

Int J Womens Dermatol 2017 Dec 21;3(4):219-224. Epub 2017 Oct 21.

Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, CA.

Throughout pregnancy, the body undergoes a variety of physiologic changes. The cutaneous findings can be most noticeable and often worrisome to both physicians and patients. Obstetricians and dermatologists must be able to differentiate between changes that are benign and those that may be pathologic. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2017 Dec 7;18(12). Epub 2017 Dec 7.

Chair and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Paediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 13, 20-080 Lublin, Poland.

Non-scarring hair loss is a common problem that affects both male and female patients. Since any disturbances in the hair follicle cycle may lead to hair shedding, or alopecia, it is not surprising that the possible role of vitamin D in alopecia was investigated in many studies. Vitamin D has been shown to have many important functions. Read More

Skin Appendage Disord 2017 Oct 17;3(4):222-224. Epub 2017 Jun 17.

University of Miami, Miller Medical School, Miami, FL, USA.

There has been a resurgence of syphilis in the last decade. Although alopecia is not a common manifestation of the disease, the "moth-eaten" pattern is considered patognomonic. However, diffuse hair loss, termed essential alopecia, sometimes can be the only sign of syphilis infection and mimic other conditions, such as alopecia areata and telogen effluvium. Read More

Skin Appendage Disord 2017 Oct 12;3(4):193-196. Epub 2017 May 12.

Dermatologic Clinic, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.

Contrary to the classical view of the hair cycle, in which telogen is the resting phase that precedes the release of the hair shaft, another phase has been introduced, exogen. Exogen is the phase wherein the processes for the release of the hair shaft are initiated and successfully executed. Exogen ends when the shaft is liberated. Read More

F1000Res 2017 6;6:1650. Epub 2017 Sep 6.

Sinclair Dermatology, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

: Chronic telogen effluvium (CTE) may be primary or secondary to various causes, including drug reaction, nutritional deficiency and female pattern hair loss (FPHL).  Oral minoxidil stimulates hair growth, and topical minoxidil is used in the treatment of FPHL and male androgenetic alopecia. minoxidil has not been used to treat CTE. Read More

Int J Trichology 2017 Oct-Dec;9(4):177-180

Department of Clinical Psychology, Pontifícia universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Psychotrichology is the science, which covers the psychosomatics applied to hair problems, i.e., body-psyche phenomena involving scalp and hair disorders. Read More

Dermatol Pract Concept 2017 Jul 31;7(3):55-59. Epub 2017 Jul 31.

Dermatology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuro Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.

Syphilitic alopecia (SA) is considered an uncommon manifestation of secondary syphilis. SA can present in a diffuse form, resembling telogen effluvium, or in a moth-eaten form that mimics a variety of conditions (i.e. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2017 Oct 7. Epub 2017 Oct 7.

Hair and Skin Research and Treatment Center, Dallas, Texas.

Background: Focal atrichia is a common clinical finding in female pattern hair loss, the specificity and histologic findings of which need further clarification.

Objective: To determine the frequency of focal atrichia in various types of hair loss and its histologic characteristics in female pattern hair loss.

Methods: Part 1 of the study was a review of 250 consecutive female patients seen with hair loss for the presence of focal atrichia, and part 2 examined paired biopsy specimens from haired areas versus those from areas with focal atrichia in 18 subjects with female pattern hair loss. Read More

Int J Trichology 2017 Jul-Sep;9(3):101-104

Department of Dermatology, Hairline International Hair Clinic, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Background: Nutritional deficiencies are known to be associated with hair loss; however, the exact prevalence is not known.

Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of nutritional deficiencies in participants with hair loss.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 enrolled participants were divided into telogen effluvium (TE), male-pattern hair loss (MPHL), and female-pattern hair loss (FPHL) based on the type of hair loss. Read More

Am Fam Physician 2017 Sep;96(6):371-378

Washington Health Systems Family Medicine Residency, Washington, PA, USA.

Hair loss is often distressing and can have a significant effect on the patient's quality of life. Patients may present to their family physician first with diffuse or patchy hair loss. Scarring alopecia is best evaluated by a dermatologist. Read More

Am J Dermatopathol 2018 Apr;40(4):254-258

Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.

Background: Accurate identification of follicular streamers versus follicular scars on horizontal scalp biopsy sections is important to differentiate between cicatricial and noncicatricial alopecias. However, distinguishing between them can be difficult especially in nonoptimal specimens. The utility of elastic Verhoeff-Van Gieson (EVG) stain in cicatricial alopecias has been described on vertical sections, but its evaluation on horizontal sections has not been performed. Read More

Int J Trichology 2017 Jan-Mar;9(1):25-29

Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Background: Telogen effluvium (TE) is a type of acquired, diffuse alopecia that occurs due to an abnormal shift of scalp hair follicles from anagen to telogen, leading to premature shedding of hair. Previous studies have suggested the existence of a neuroimmunologic "brain-hair follicle" axis, in which mast cells have been implicated as an important link between the nervous system and immunologic system.

Objective: The current study sought to investigate the role of mast cell presence and mast cell degranulation in the pathogenesis of TE. Read More

Cas Lek Cesk Summer 2017;156(3):145-146

Mesotherapy (from Greek meso = in between, therapeia = treat) is a non-surgical, mostly cosmetic therapy, where active substances are injected intradermally into a depth of about 4 mm. It is an effective and easy-to-use method in the treatment of alopecia. It is effective both in the therapy of androgenetic alopecia and telogen effluvium. Read More

G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2019 Feb 11;154(1):94-95. Epub 2017 Jul 11.

DI.S.Sal, Section of Dermatology, San Martino University Hospital and Institute for Tumor Research and Care, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.

Skin Appendage Disord 2017 Mar 28;3(1):36-38. Epub 2017 Jan 28.

University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.

Chronic telogen effluvium is most often intermittent, alternating periods of spontaneous remissions with episodes of unexplained relapses. This article reports the case of a male who was able to graphically depict the sequence of emotional events and the corresponding severity of his telogen effluvium during 31 months. The case is interesting as it documents for the first time the intermittency of chronic telogen effluvium and the pathogenetic role of emotional strains, and it stresses the importance of the modified wash test in evaluating the severity of hair shedding. Read More

Skin Appendage Disord 2017 Mar 17;3(1):7-14. Epub 2016 Dec 17.

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.

Background: Contact dermatitis of the scalp is common and might be caused by many chemicals including metals, ingredients of shampoos and conditioners, dyes, or other hair treatments. Eliciting a careful history and patch tests are necessary to identify the responsible allergen and prevent relapses.

Objectives: To identify allergens that may cause contact dermatitis of the scalp by reviewing patch test results. Read More