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Lasers Surg Med 2019 Feb 1. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

SkinCare Physicians, 1244 Boylston Street, Suite 103, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, 02467.

Objectives: Measure the sound levels produced by various lasers commonly used during routine outpatient cosmetic surgery to determine whether or not their use exceeds exposure levels set forth by the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

Materials And Methods: Using two different meters, the sound levels of lasers commonly used in cosmetic surgery were recorded during various procedures for several indications: tattoo removal, treatment of lentigines and pigmented lesions, facial erythema and vascular lesions, hair removal and resurfacing of acne scars, and photoaging.

Results: All but five lasers had a maximum sound level below 85 dBA, the limit proposed by NIOSH. Read More

Dermatol Surg 2019 Feb;45(2):183-194

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Background: Picosecond pulse duration lasers (PS) have altered the field of dermatology. PS were initially used in tattoo removal, to optimize efficacy and reduce side effects with nanosecond domain lasers. More recently, they have been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of pigmentary disorders, acne scarring, and photoaging. Read More

Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019 Feb;18(2):349-358

Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, Germany.

Decorative tattoos including permanent make-up are very popular world-wide. However, some people regret tattooing and seek tattoo removal. Tattooed skin contains numerous solid particles of tattoo pigments. Read More

Lasers Surg Med 2019 Jan 25;51(1):14-22. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Background And Objectives: Cutaneous pigmentary disorders are both more common and more difficult to treat in patients with skin color given the higher melanin content in the epidermis. Although Q-switched lasers are widely considered to be the standard treatment for both epidermal and dermal pigmentary conditions, a very high risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) of up to 25% is seen in patients with skin of color. Recently, the novel picosecond laser with pulse durations operating at sub-nanosecond domains has been shown to be effective in tattoo removal and in the treatment of acne scars. Read More

Photomed Laser Surg 2018 Oct 11. Epub 2018 Oct 11.

Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP) , São Paulo/SP, Brazil .

Objective: To determine the optimal parameters of power, energy, and time for the application of a carbon dioxide laser for Tribal Black ink tattoo removal.

Background Data: The use of antiquated techniques to remove tattoos demonstrates the difficulty of making advances in this field. Studies by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery have shown that 5% of the global population has at least one tattoo on the body, with 10% of them wanting a tattoo to be removed. Read More

Lasers Surg Med 2019 Jan 12;51(1):23-26. Epub 2018 Oct 12.

Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas.

Background: The topical transparent perfluorodecalin-infused (PFD) silicone patch has been demonstrated to reduce epidermal whitening produced in association with laser-assisted tattoo removal. This optical clearing agent has enabled multiple laser passes to be made in one treatment session. Previous studies using the PFD patch have showed enhanced clearance with picosecond and Q-Switched lasers on blue/black tattoos in Fitzpatrick skin types I-III. Read More

Pediatr Dermatol 2018 Nov 10;35(6):e430-e431. Epub 2018 Oct 10.

Laser & Skin Surgery Center of New York, New York City, New York.

We report a case of successful treatment of a traumatic tattoo in a 2-year-old patient. He presented with a green discoloration on the left infraorbital region after his sister accidentally hit him with a face paint brush while playing together. A single treatment with an alexandrite picosecond laser resulted in a complete clearance without any side effects for this disfiguring condition. Read More

PLoS One 2018 6;13(9):e0203370. Epub 2018 Sep 6.

Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.

Picosecond lasers have emerged as the leading technology for tattoo removal due to their shorter pulse lengths. To clarify the features of picosecond lasers, we compared picosecond and nanosecond lasers in their ability to remove multi-colored tattoo in an animal model. We first compared a nanosecond quality-switched Nd:YAG laser with picosecond Alexandrite and quality-switched Nd:YAG lasers and then the picosecond quality-switched Nd:YAG laser with the picosecond Alexandrite laser, using a guinea pig model. Read More

Lasers Surg Med 2018 Sep 25;50(9):890-892. Epub 2018 Jun 25.

Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas.

Background: Conventional tattoo removal consists of single-pass treatments, spaced 7-8 weeks apart, for a total of 7-10 sessions. A major limiting factor of this procedure is the development of cavitation bubbles and vacuoles within the epidermis and dermis that result from the rapid heating of tattoo particles by the laser. While multiple-pass methods using the R20 protocol or the PFD patch enhance tattoo removal through epidermal clearance, they have no effect on deep-intradermal pigment associated vacuoles that arise from treatment with lasers such as the Q-switched laser. Read More

Dermatol Surg 2018 12;44(12):1565-1570

Washington Institute of Dermatologic Laser Surgery, Washington, District of Columbia.

Background: Cosmetic tattoos such as eyeliner, brow liner, and lip liner have become increasingly popular in the United States and throughout the world. For a variety of reasons, patients frequently regret their tattoos and request their removal; however, removal is often complicated by the aesthetically sensitive location of these specialized tattoos and the fact that they often contain white metallic compounds that darken on pigment-specific laser irradiation.

Objective: To review the clinical use, effectiveness, and safety of an ablative laser technique for cosmetic tattoos. Read More

Lasers Surg Med 2018 May 20. Epub 2018 May 20.

Syneron-Candela Corporation, 530 Boston Post Road, Wayland, Massachusetts 01778.

Background: Green, blue, and purple tattoo pigments are often the colors most resistant to laser removal. Recently, the first ever production picosecond-domain laser with a 785 nm wavelength was developed to improve the rate of clearance of green, blue, and purple tattoo inks.

Methods: Twenty-two tattoos from 15 subjects with skin phototypes II-IV were enrolled in the study. Read More

Lasers Surg Med 2018 Mar 25. Epub 2018 Mar 25.

DermaLase Training Services, 120 Queens Drive, Glasgow, G42, United Kingdom.

Introduction: Dark material has been observed embedded within glass slides following Q-switched Nd:YAG laser treatment of tattoos. It appears that these fragments are ejected at high speed from the skin during the treatment.

Method: Light microscopic analysis of the slides reveals aggregates of dark fragmented material, presumably tattoo ink, with evidence of fractured/melted glass. Read More

J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2018 Apr 9;16(4):468-470. Epub 2018 Mar 9.

Laserklinik Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany.

J Cosmet Laser Ther 2018 Feb 28:1-4. Epub 2018 Feb 28.

a Department of Cosmetic Laser Surgery , Hospital of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College , Nanjing , China.

Objective: To retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of an Alexandrite picosecond laser versus Nd:YAG nanosecond laser for removing blue-black eyeliner tattoos which have existed more than 10 years.

Methods: A total of 40 patients were treated with an Alexandrite picosecond laser in our department from August 2015 to July 2017, with a fluence of 1.96-6. Read More

Laser Ther 2017 Dec;26(4):274-281

Kasai Clinic for Plastic Surgery.

Background And Aims: The selective removal of tattoos and benign cutaneous pigmented lesions with laser energy evolved rapidly with the development of the nanosecond-domain Q-switched laser (ns-laser). Recently, however, a series of picosecond-domain lasers (ps-lasers) with pulsewidths less than 1 ns has become commercially available, enabling more efficient and faster removal of pigmented lesions in the field of dermatologic laser surgery.

Rationale Behind The Ps-laser: The efficacy of the ns-laser depended on the theory of selective photothermolysis, whereby an extremely short pulse width was delivered less than the thermal relaxation time (TRT) of a target. Read More

Lasers Med Sci 2018 Nov 9;33(8):1827-1831. Epub 2018 Feb 9.

Dermatology Department, Laser Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra Colmenar Viejo Km 9,100, 28034, Madrid, Spain.

The novel picosecond lasers, initially developed for faster tattoo removal, have also shown great efficacy in endogenous pigmentary disorders. To describe the efficacy and safety profile of an alexandrite (755-nm) picosecond laser in a wide range of pigmented flat and elevated cutaneous lesions. A retrospective study was performed in which we collected all the clinical images of patients treated with the 755-nm alexandrite picosecond laser for 12 months (November 2016-November 2017). Read More

Praxis (Bern 1994) 2018 Jan;107(3):153-157

2 Cabinet médical et Laser, Denges.

Ann Dermatol 2017 Dec 30;29(6):779-781. Epub 2017 Oct 30.

Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

The picosecond lasers have shown to effectively treat tattoo pigments that are intractable to previous multiple Q-switched (QS) laser treatments. Therefore we hypothesized that a picosecond laser would show better efficacy with minimal adverse events in the treatment of melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) that are difficult to treat with conventional QS lasers. Two patients with melasma and one patient with PIH were treated with a Picosecond 755-nm Alexandrite Laser (Cyanosure, USA). Read More

J Cosmet Laser Ther 2018 Apr 4;20(2):71-76. Epub 2017 Dec 4.

c Department of Pharmacal Research , Hospital of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College , Nanjing , China.

Background And Objective: Q-switched (QS) lasers are the gold standard for tattoo removal. The purpose of the present study was to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence the efficacy of QS lasers and their associated complications in the removal of tattoos in China.

Patients And Methods: Clinical data of 266 patients were analyzed retrospectively. Read More

Dermatol Surg 2017 Dec;43(12):1434-1440

Washington Institute of Dermatologic Laser Surgery, Washington, DC.

Background: Picosecond-domain laser pulses improve the photomechanical disruption of tattoos.

Objective: This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of a novel, dual-wavelength, 1,064/532-nm, picosecond-domain laser for tattoo clearance.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective, self-controlled, clinical study of 34 subjects with 39 tattoos treated at 2 sites with an interval of 4. Read More

Biomed Opt Express 2017 Aug 20;8(8):3735-3748. Epub 2017 Jul 20.

Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea.

Laser tattoo removal is an effective method of eliminating tattoo particles in the skin. However, laser treatment cannot always remove the unwanted tattoo completely, and there are risks of either temporary or permanent side effects. Studies using preclinical animal models could provide detailed information on the effects of laser treatment in the skin, and might help to minimize side effects in clinical practices. Read More

Laser Ther 2017 Jun;26(2):137-144

Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine.

Background And Aim: Minocycline therapy for acne vulgaris is associated with the occasional induction of various types of unsightly and often persistent hyperpigmentation, which is frequently resistant to hydroquinone treatment. Pigment-specific lasers have achieved some success with multiple treatment sessions. Recently, the picosecond domain 755 nm alexandrite laser (ps-Alex) has attracted attention in tattoo removal. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018 Feb 21;32(2):265-270. Epub 2017 Aug 21.

Department of Dermatology, Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, Nice, France.

Background: Q-switched nanosecond lasers demonstrated their efficacy in treating most types of tattoos, but complete disappearance is not always achieved even after performing numerous laser sessions. Picosecond lasers are supposed to be more efficient in clearing tattoos than nanosecond lasers, but prospective comparative data remain limited.

Objective: To compare on different types of tattoos the efficacy of a nanosecond laser with two types of picosecond lasers. Read More

Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2017 25;10:205-210. Epub 2017 May 25.

Inflammation Biology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane.

An increasing number of people are getting tattoos; however, many regret the decision and seek their removal. Lasers are currently the most commonly used method for tattoo removal; however, treatment can be lengthy, costly, and sometimes ineffective, especially for certain colors. Ingenol mebutate is a licensed topical treatment for actinic keratoses. Read More

Lasers Med Sci 2018 07 17;33(5):1171-1173. Epub 2017 May 17.

Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.

Sci Rep 2017 05 8;7(1):1533. Epub 2017 May 8.

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.

During laser treatment for tattoo removal, pigment chromophores absorb laser energy, resulting in fragmentation of the ink particles via selective photothermolysis. The present study aimed to outline macroscopic laser-tattoo interactions in tissue-mimicking (TM) phantoms treated with picosecond- and nanosecond-domain lasers. Additionally, high-speed cinematographs were captured to visualize time-dependent tattoo-tissue interactions, from laser irradiation to the formation of photothermal and photoacoustic injury zones (PIZs). Read More

J Biophotonics 2017 Oct 2;10(10):1287-1291. Epub 2017 May 2.

Laser Center, IBNU-SINA Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, University Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.

Q-switched Nd: YAG laser is the most effective laser for tattoo removal. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy is an alternative method applied to accelerate the wound healing. This paper investigated the effects of PBM therapy using 808 nm diode laser on tattooed skin after laser tattoo removal. Read More

J Cosmet Laser Ther 2017 Oct 10;19(5):259-265. Epub 2017 Apr 10.

a Department of Dermatology , Venereology and Leprosy, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital , New Delhi , India.

Background: Q-switched lasers are conventionally used for the treatment of black tattoo. However, they require multiple sittings, and the response may be slow due to competing epidermal pigment in dark skin.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Q-switched Nd:YAG laser alone with its combination with ultrapulse CO for the removal of black tattoo. Read More

J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2017 Mar 1;10(3):14-15. Epub 2017 Mar 1.

Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York.

Lasers Surg Med 2017 04 20;49(4):335-340. Epub 2017 Mar 20.

The Practice of Brian S. Biesman, M.D., Nashville, Tennessee.

Background And Objective: Laser-assisted treatment of tattoos is well recognized to produce opaque epidermal whitening that prevents multiple sequential passes during a single treatment session. The amount of epidermal whitening produced in association with the procedure can be minimized by topical application of perfluorodecalin (PFD), which is an optical clearing agent. This pivotal trial assessed the ability of a transparent PFD-infused patch used in conjunction with a Q-switched nanosecond laser in the treatment of tattoos to permit multiple laser passes during a single 5 minute treatment session in comparison to the number of passes that could be completed using conventional treatment of the tattoo with the laser alone. Read More

Curr Probl Dermatol 2017 13;52:82-93. Epub 2017 Mar 13.

With a continuing increase in the number of tattoos performed worldwide, the need to treat tattoo complications is growing. Earlier treatments of chronic inflammatory tattoo reactions were dominated by a medical approach, or with no active intervention. In this chapter, we will address modern surgical approaches applied to situations when medical treatment is inefficient and lasers are not applicable. Read More

Curr Probl Dermatol 2017 10;52:139-229. Epub 2017 Mar 10.

The 'Tattoo Clinic', Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Tattoos, and tattoo complications as well, are colorful and visually flashy. A clinical outlook provides important clues to diagnosis by pattern recognition. This atlas,which is a report of 79 case illustrations, is made as a practical tool and vade mecum for the clinician. Read More

Curr Probl Dermatol 2017 10;52:132-138. Epub 2017 Mar 10.

Clinicians in the fields of general medicine, dermatology, and plastic surgery are in their work now and then confronted with tattoo complications. Recognizing the rather few important diagnostic groups and urgencies, the medical 'decision tree' of treatment becomes quite simple. Acute conditions are dominated by bacterial infections needing antibiotic treatment. Read More

Curr Probl Dermatol 2017 10;52:113-123. Epub 2017 Mar 10.

Early methods of tattoo removal ultimately resulted in unacceptable cosmetic outcomes. While the introduction of laser technology was an improvement over the existing chemical, mechanical, and surgical procedures, the use of nonselective tattoo removal with carbon dioxide and argon lasers led to scarring. Q-switched lasers with nanosecond (10-9) pulse domains were considered to have revolutionized tattoo treatment, by selectively heating the tattoo particles, while reducing the adverse sequelae to adjacent normal skin. Read More

Curr Probl Dermatol 2017 10;52:74-81. Epub 2017 Mar 10.

The 'Tattoo Clinic', Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Tattooing is a skin trauma and involves a special vulnus punctatum (with inserted tattoo ink, a vulnus venenatum), which should heal with no infection and no local complication. Local treatment in the healing phase ideally builds on the 'moist wound' principle using plastic film, hydrocolloids, silver dressing, and compression. Bacterial infections during healing are treated with oral antibiotics, and a list of first-line antibiotics is proposed. Read More

Curr Probl Dermatol 2017 10;52:124-131. Epub 2017 Mar 10.

Studies of satisfaction with tattoo removal outcomes by laser, rated by clients themselves, including qualitative aspects, are sparse. We studied long-term results and client satisfaction with tattoo removal by Q-switched YAG laser. Client satisfaction is influenced by numerous factors: pretreatment expectations, objective observations, pretreatment information, laser treatment procedures, and outcome, including subjective experiences such as pain. Read More

Curr Probl Dermatol 2017 10;52:105-112. Epub 2017 Mar 10.

Department of Dermatology, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt, and Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Tattoo removal by Q-switched nanosecond laser devices is generally a safe and effective method, albeit a time-consuming one. Despite the newest developments in laser treatment, it is still not possible to remove every tattoo completely and without complications. Incomplete removal remains one of the most common challenges. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017 Jul 8;31(7):1096-1110. Epub 2017 Feb 8.

Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Pain is a common side-effect of dermatological laser procedures. Non-invasive anaesthetic drugs and anaesthetic procedures can be used to provide pain relief and increase patient satisfaction and treatment efficacy. However, it remains unclear which method provides the best pain relief. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017 May 21;31(5):904-909. Epub 2017 Feb 21.

Department of Dermatology, The "Tattoo Clinic", Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Background: Tattoo removal by Q-switched yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) lasers is golden standard; however, clients' satisfaction with treatment is little known.

Objective: To determine clients' satisfaction with tattoo removal.

Methods: One hundred and fifty-four tattoo removal clients who had attended the private clinic 'Centre for Laser Surgery', Hellerup, Denmark, from 2001 to 2013 completed a questionnaire concerning outcome expectations, level of pain experiences and satisfaction with tattoo removal. Read More

J Drugs Dermatol 2016 Nov;15(11):1448-1452

Introduction: Q-switched neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) lasers are reported to be gold standard for laser tattoo removal. In particular, the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm is widely recognized for the removal of blue/black amateur tattoos. However, treatment modalities in Fitzpatrick Type VI skin carry a greater risk of complications including alterations in pigmentation compared to fairer skin (Fitzpatrick Type I-IV skin). Read More

Photomed Laser Surg 2017 Mar 2;35(3):176-180. Epub 2017 Jan 2.

2 Dermatology Residency, San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium (SAUSHEC) , San Antonio, Texas.

Importance: Local and generalized allergic reactions following laser tattoo removal have been documented, but are rare. To our knowledge, this is the fourth documented case of widespread urticarial eruptions following laser tattoo removal treatment. Unlike previously documented cases, this patient's reaction was found to be associated with titanium dioxide within the tattoo and her symptoms were recalcitrant to medical therapy. Read More

Lasers Med Sci 2017 02;32(2):483

Department of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, 39 Jabotinski St., Petach Tikva, Israel, 49100.

Skin Res Technol 2017 Aug 20;23(3):376-383. Epub 2016 Nov 20.

Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Background: Laser therapy is the treatment of choice in tattoo removal. However, the precise mechanisms of laser-tattoo pigment interactions remain to be evaluated.

Methods: We evaluated the geometric patterns of laser-tattoo pigment particle interactions using a tattoo pigment-embedded tissue-mimicking (TM) phantom. Read More

Am J Clin Dermatol 2017 Feb;18(1):59-65

Washington Institute of Dermatologic Laser Surgery, 1430 K Street NW Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20005, USA.

Tattoo art has been around for thousands of years in every culture and is currently flourishing in all age groups, social classes, and occupations. Despite the rising popularity of tattoos, demand for their removal has also increased. While various treatments, including surgical excision, dermabrasion, and chemical destruction have historically been applied, over the past 2 decades, lasers have revolutionized the way tattoos are treated and have become the gold standard of treatment. Read More

Lasers Surg Med 2017 01 29;49(1):40-44. Epub 2016 Sep 29.

MD Laser Skin and Vein Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.

Introduction: Picosecond lasers have been reported to be effective for removal of tattoo pigment. This prospective study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the treatment of peri-oral and -ocular wrinkles using a novel diffractive lens array coupled with a picosecond 755 nm alexandrite laser.

Methods: Forty female subjects presenting with wrinkles from photodamage were enrolled in an IRB approved study. Read More

J Cosmet Laser Ther 2016 Dec 13;18(8):456-458. Epub 2016 Oct 13.

a Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders (SNIP), Department of Dermatology , Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , the Netherlands.

Allergic tattoo reactions form a therapeutically difficult entity. Treatment with conventional quality-switched lasers does not completely remove the allergenic particles and may lead to generalized hypersensitivity reactions. Recently, ablative fractional laser therapy was introduced as a treatment for allergic tattoo removal. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2017 Feb 29;176(2):457-464. Epub 2017 Jan 29.

Laserklinik Karlsruhe und Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum, Karlsruhe, Germany.

Background: For decades, nanosecond lasers (NSLs) have been used to remove tattoos. Since 2012, pulses of picosecond lasers (PSLs) have been available for tattoo removal. Based on a few observational studies, the claim has been made that PSLs are considerably more effective while showing fewer side-effects in comparison with NSLs. Read More

Lasers Med Sci 2016 Sep 17;31(7):1397-405. Epub 2016 Jun 17.

Department of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, 39 Jabotinski St., Petach Tikva, Israel, 49100.

Given that the pigment particles in tattoos have a relaxation time of <10 ns, picosecond lasers would be expected to be more effective than nanosecond lasers in tattoo removal. To systematically review the evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of picosecond lasers for tattoo removal, Pubmed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ClinicalTrials.gov, and reference lists were searched for relevant trials. Read More