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J Neurosci Rural Pract 2019 Jan-Mar;10(1):170-171

Department of CTVS, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.

Clin Rheumatol 2019 Feb 9. Epub 2019 Feb 9.

Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.

Objectives: The frequency of different vasculitides and their characteristics vary among different regions. The identification of geographic disparities of disease phenotypes helps the development of international criteria, allowing the classification of patients of different ethnicities. This study aimed to describe the frequency, characteristics, course, response to treatment, and outcome of the different adulthood vasculitides in Egypt. Read More

Joint Bone Spine 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

Objectives: Takayasu arteritis and Spondyloarthritis are two distinct inflammatory diseases that affect the same age periods. Increasing number of reports on co-incident Takayasu arteritis-Spondyloarthritis cases in literature raised the hypotheses about their association. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence of Spondyloarthropathy spectrum diseases in Takayasu arteritis patients. Read More

Gastroenterol Res Pract 2019 13;2019:3012509. Epub 2019 Jan 13.

Department of Internal Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700111, Romania.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to a group of chronic inflammatory diseases that targets mainly the gastrointestinal tract. The clinical presentation of IBD includes both gastrointestinal manifestations and extraintestinal manifestations (EIM). The reported cardiovascular manifestations in IBD patients include pericarditis, myocarditis, venous and arterial thromboembolism, arrhythmias, atrioventricular block, heart failure, endocarditis, valvulopathies, and Takayasu arteritis. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Feb;98(6):e14493

Center for Hypertension of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Hypertension Institute of Xinjiang, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a kind of proinflammatory mediator that acts as an alarmin when released by dying, injured or activated cells. Previous studies have reported that HMGB1 are closely linked to antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). The present study aimed to evaluate whether serum HMGB1 levels were associated with systemic vasculitis (VAs). Read More

Arthritis Rheumatol 2019 Feb 4. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

National Institutes of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA.

A 32-year-old woman with a history of Takayasu's arteritis (TAK) was enrolled into an ongoing vascular imaging research study. She was diagnosed with TAK four years earlier based on vascular headache, arm claudication, and severe aortic arch disease. She had no complaints at the time of enrollment. Read More

Am J Med 2019 Jan 30. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.

Ter Arkh 2018 Feb;90(1):76-85

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.

Systemic vasculitis is a heterogeneous group of inflammatory diseases, which are classified according to the diameter of the affected vessels. The treatment of systemic vasculitis is no longer empirical, because of increasing number of randomized clinical trials in this field. In recent years, there was a trend to limit the cumulative dose of glucocorticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs, partially through biological drugs usage. Read More

Int J Rheum Dis 2019 Jan;22 Suppl 1:60-68

Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India.

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a challenging large vessel vasculitis to treat. Distinguishing disease activity from vascular damage is difficult, often relying on clinician judgement aided by composite clinical disease activity indices with angiographic evidence of vessel wall thickening or vessel wall hypermetabolism demonstrable on positron emission tomography computerized tomography (PET CT). Glucocorticoids form the mainstay of remission induction. Read More

Int J Rheum Dis 2019 Jan;22 Suppl 1:49-52

Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.

Takayasu arteritis (TA), despite being classified as a large vessel vasculitis, has distinct genetic, pathological and clinical features as compared to giant cell arteritis. It is a rare disease seen more commonly in Asian countries. The challenge lies in assessing the degree of inflammation in a narrowed vessel and immunosuppressive therapy improves inflammatory features but is unable to open up an occluded vessel. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Jan 24;9(1):688. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.

Takayasu arteritis (TAK) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) are two major variants of large vessel vasculitis, and age is a major factor in their differential diagnosis. We sought to determine whether the two diseases exist on the same spectrum. We compared the serum levels of multiple cytokines and chemokines in 25 patients with TAK, 20 patients with GCA, and sex- and age-matched healthy donors for either condition (HD-TAK and HD-GCA). Read More

Ultraschall Med 2019 Jan 23. Epub 2019 Jan 23.

Division of Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, Hospital of the Ludwigs-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.

Purpose:  To assess the diagnostic value of intima media thickness measurements and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of the supraaortic arteries in the assessment of disease activity in Takayasu arteritis (TA).

Materials And Methods:  Patients with TA and involvement of the carotid and/or subclavian/axillary arteries underwent CEUS imaging in addition to B-mode and color duplex ultrasound. The maximum IMT (mIMT) was measured and high-resolution CEUS of the most prominently thickened vessel segment was performed. Read More

Arthritis Res Ther 2019 Jan 22;21(1):31. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Background: Childhood Takayasu's arteritis (c-TA) is scarcely reported but is characterized by devastating morbidity and mortality. This study aims to investigate the clinical course of c-TA and prognostic factors associated with rehospitalization and events including vascular complications, flares, and death.

Methods: An ambispective study of 101 c-TA patients satisfying the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria and/or the European League against Rheumatism (EULAR)/Pediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization (PRINTO)/Pediatric Rheumatology European Society (PReS) criteria was conducted from January 2002 to December 2017. Read More

Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019 Jan 21. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Hondoh, Akita 010-8543, Japan.

Mod Rheumatol 2019 Jan 21:1-23. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

a Department of Molecular Pathology , Tokyo Medical University , Tokyo , Japan.

Objectives This study aimed to compare Takayasu arteritis (TAK) with giant cell arteritis (GCA) through immunohistochemistry principally of inflammatory cells; these 2 disorders may be on the spectrum within a single disease state. Methods Nine TAK and 5 GCA surgically-resected vessel specimens were selected. TAK specimen was divided into each 3 acute-, chronic-, and healed-phase samples based on intimal and adventitial thickening. Read More

Arthritis Res Ther 2019 Jan 16;21(1):24. Epub 2019 Jan 16.

Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.

Aims: To assess the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) for monitoring disease activity of Takayasu arteritis (TA).

Methods: TA patients were recruited in a Chinese TA clinical center from January 2016 to September 2017. The physician global assessment was used as the referential standard for disease activity. Read More

Circ Genom Precis Med 2019 Jan;12(1):e002080

Hypertension Center, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases (X.C., F.Q., L.S., B.G., W.Z., L.J., W.W., S.L., H.Z., J.C.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China.

Background: Establishing the diagnosis and determining disease activity of Takayasu arteritis (TA) remains challenging. Novel biomarkers might help to solve this problem.

Methods: In the screening phase, by using large-scale protein arrays detecting samples from 90 subjects (TA active, 29; TA inactive 31; and controls, 30). Read More

J Clin Rheumatol 2018 Nov 29. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

Department of Radio diagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

J Bras Nefrol 2019 Jan 10. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

Hospital Geral de Fortaleza, Departamento de Nefrologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a chronic granulomatous inflammatory condition of unknown cause that involves large vessels - particularly the aorta and its branches - such as the carotid, coronary, pulmonary, and renal arteries. The left subclavian artery is the most frequently involved vessel. Stenosis of the renal artery has been reported in 23-31% of the cases and may result in malignant hypertension, ischemic renal disease, decompensated heart failure, and premature death. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2018 20;30:281. Epub 2018 Aug 20.

Department of Surgery, University of Botswana, Botswana.

Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease affecting mainly the aorta and its main branches. We report a case of a 24-year-old primigravida, an African patient, with TA planned for caesarean section at 37 weeks of gestation. Clinically, she has involvement of aortic arch and its branches and abdominal aorta. Read More

Intern Med 2019 Jan 10. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Osaka Minami Medical Center, Japan.

A 26-year-old woman with Takayasu's arteritis (TAK) experienced back and neck pain during tocilizumab (TCZ) treatment. The levels of C-reactive protein were normal, and ultrasonography revealed no significant changes. Diffusion-weighted whole-body imaging with background body signal suppression (DWIBS) showed signal enhancement in the walls of several arteries. Read More

Curr Health Sci J 2018 Jan-Mar;44(1):80-84. Epub 2018 Jan 29.

Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases "Prof. Dr. C.C. Iliescu", Bucharest, Romania.

We present the case of a 53-year-old female who presented in the emergency room accusing chest pain, dyspnea to moderate physical strain and physical asthenia. The clinical exam highlighted the absence of pulse in the left upper limb, weak pulse at upper right and lower limbs. The angiography revealed severe coronary lesions, bilateral subclavian occlusion, bilateral renal artery occlusion, infrarenal aortic occlusion. Read More

Am J Med 2019 Jan 4. Epub 2019 Jan 4.

Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla.

Background: Takayasu arteritis is a rare large-vessel vasculitis that predominantly affects females of Asian descent. This retrospective analysis was performed to increase understanding of the epidemiology of the disease in the United States.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study in 2 tertiary centers. Read More

Rheumatol Int 2019 Feb 3;39(2):345-351. Epub 2019 Jan 3.

Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany.

This report presents a case of co-occurrence of Takayasu arteritis (TA) and multiorgan tuberculosis (TB) in a 20-year-old female and provides a review of 18 previously reported cases of co-occurring TA and TB. All patients were between 9 and 24 years of age. Most reports describe a concomitant diagnosis of active TB and TA. Read More

Vasc Endovascular Surg 2019 Jan 3:1538574418823389. Epub 2019 Jan 3.

1 Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Isolated aortic mural thrombus (AMT) is an infrequent occurrence in the setting of an otherwise normal aorta and is a similarly rare occurrence in Takayasu arteritis (TAK). As such, consensus on optimal treatment strategy does not exist, however, invariably necessitates anticoagulation. We report a case of a 21-year-old female who presented with acute chest pain with an isolated descending thoracic AMT on imaging. Read More

J Clin Rheumatol 2018 Dec 28. Epub 2018 Dec 28.

Department of Internal Medicine, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA Department of Neurology, Walter Reed National Military, Medical Center, Bethesda, MD Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA Department of Internal Medicine/Rheumatology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA.

Indian Heart J 2018 Dec 10;70 Suppl 3:S167-S172. Epub 2018 Oct 10.

GB Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India; Safdarjung Hospital and VMM College, India; Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, India.

Background: Takayasu arteritis (TA) is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease of the aorta and its branches, leading to stenosis, occlusion, and aneurysmal dilatation. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a cytokine with pleomorphic actions and plays a pivotal role in inflammation; the serum level of TNF-α is genetically determined. However, the literature lacks adequate information on the association of TNF-α polymorphisms with TA. Read More

Cytokine 2018 Dec 26;114:61-66. Epub 2018 Dec 26.

Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address:

Background: Toll-like receptors (TLR) 1 to 4 are highly expressed in aorta. Activation of TLR4 causes transmural arteritis in Human temporal artery-SCID chimera model. Neither TLR-4 nor its ligands have been studied in TA patients as yet. Read More

Arthritis Rheumatol 2018 Dec 28. Epub 2018 Dec 28.

Department of Rheumatology, Tareev Clinic of Internal Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University.

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a large vessel vasculitis of unknown origin that mainly occurs in young females and can manifest for the first time in childhood. Clinical expression of TA may differ depending on the age of onset of disease. In the recently published study, Aeschlimann et al compared the clinical features and outcomes and the efficacy and safety of immunosuppressive treatment in the North American patients with childhood-onset (n=29) and adult-onset (n=48) TA. Read More

Arthritis Rheumatol 2018 Dec 28. Epub 2018 Dec 28.

Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

The authors reply: We thank Dr. Moiseev et al. (1) for their interest in our manuscript (2) and for sharing their experience of 128 adult patients with Takayasu Arteritis (TAK). Read More

Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2018 Dec 19. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

Department of Rheumatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing, China.

Aims: To investigate the usefulness of carotid contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in assessment of disease activity in patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA).

Methods And Results: After screening 219 CEUS records from 124 consecutive patients followed at our clinic between October 2014 and May 2018, data were analysed from 159 carotid CEUS from 86 patients diagnosed with Type I TA. Patients were categorized based on disease activity according to National Institutes of Health criteria into two groups: active disease group (92 CEUS) and non-active disease group (67 CEUS). Read More

Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018 Dec 5;51(6):399-402. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine.

A 61-year-old woman who presented with claudication and dyspnea on exertion was found to have severe calcified narrowing of the descending aorta and severe insufficiency of the aortic valve. These findings were compatible with Takayasu arteritis. To treat these hemodynamic abnormalities, extra-aortic bypass surgery combined with replacement of the aortic valve and ascending aorta-to-hemiarch replacement was performed through a separated upper hemi-sternotomy and limited median laparotomy. Read More

Neurologist 2019 Jan;24(1):17-21

Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.

Introduction: Takayasu arteritis is a large-vessel vasculitis that may cause oculo-cerebral ischemia. We report a patient with visual loss as initial manifestation, and discuss transcranial Doppler (TCD) findings before and after surgical revascularization.

Case Description: A 19-year-old female developed episodes of transient positional right vision loss, progressing to permanent right vision loss and bright light-induced left amaurosis. Read More

J Clin Rheumatol 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Division of Rheumatology and Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

Isolated noninfectious ascending aortitis (I-NIAA) is increasingly diagnosed at histopathologic review after resection of an ascending aortic aneurysm. PubMed was searched using the term aortitis; publications addressing the issue were reviewed, and reference lists of selected articles were also reviewed. Eleven major studies investigated the causes of an ascending aortic aneurysm or dissection requiring surgical repair: the prevalence of noninfectious aortitis ranged from 2% to 12%. Read More

Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2018 Dec;43(12):777-80

The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.

Objective: To observe the influence of acupuncture and moxibustion on humoral immunity and cellular immunity related indexes in patients with bra-chiocephalic Takayasu arteritis (BCTA), so as to explore its underlying mechanisms in the treatment of Takayasu arteritis (TA).

Methods: A total of 31 BCTA patients (9 men and 22 women at age of 16-70 years) were treated by manual acupuncture stimulation of main acupoint Renying(ST 9)and auxillary acupoints as Jiquan (HT 1), Chize (LU 5), Fengchi (GB 20), bilateral Xinshu (BL15), Feishu (BL 13) and Geshu (BL 17), Jingming (BL 1), etc. according to clinical symptoms, with the needles retained for 20 min. Read More

CASE (Phila) 2018 Dec 16;2(6):248-253. Epub 2018 Aug 16.

Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.

Semin Arthritis Rheum 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

Objectives: To investigate the inpatient prevalence, characteristics and comorbidities of patients admitted with Takayasu's arteritis (TAK) in the United States (US).

Methods: Patients with TAK were identified within the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database of the years 2013 and 2014 using the respective ICD-9 diagnostic code. Data on patient characteristics, comorbidities, resource utilization and expenditures was collected. Read More

J Clin Rheumatol 2018 Dec 18. Epub 2018 Dec 18.

Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.

J Clin Rheumatol 2018 Dec 18. Epub 2018 Dec 18.

Department of Cardiovascular Radiology and Endovascular Interventions All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India

Int J Rheum Dis 2018 Nov 22. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Division of Vascular Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.

Aim: To determine the diagnostic yield of F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) in disease activity assessment of large vessel vasculitides (LVV).

Methods: Patients with LVV who had undergone PET (between 2004 and June 2010) or PET co-registered with computed tomography (PET/CT; since June 2010) were identified. Clinical disease activity was assessed using established scoring systems. Read More

Clin Case Rep 2018 Dec 5;6(12):2490-2494. Epub 2018 Nov 5.

European Foundation for Vascular and Preventive Medicine (EFVM) Berlin Germany.

When fibrosis develops in Takayasu arteritis (TA), endovascular treatment may become necessary. A 63-year-old woman with TA underwent PTA with a nitinol-structured (chocolate-like) drug-coated balloon (C-DEB PTA). She remained in remission for >1 year. Read More

J Card Surg 2018 Dec;33(12):862-863

Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

J Atheroscler Thromb 2018 Dec 15. Epub 2018 Dec 15.

Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Aim: This study was designed to analyze microparticles (MPs) from endothelial cells (EMPs) and immune cells from healthy individuals and paitents with Takayasu arteritis (TA), and any possible relationships between MPs and TA acitivity.

Methods: MPs derived from the plasma of 51 subjects were analyzed, including 32 patients with TA and 19 healthy individuals. Flow cytometry was performed with Annexin (Anx)-V and antibodies against surface markers of endothelial cells (CD144), T cells (CD3), B cells (CD19), and monocytes (CD14). Read More

Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2018 Dec 14;16(1):79. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University of medical school, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.

Tocilizumab, an anti-interleukin-6 (IL-6) agent, is indicated as a treatment for several autoimmune or inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). IL-6 plays roles in both immune system dysregulation and inflammation, and thus efforts to extend the utility of tocilizumab in patients with autoinflammatory conditions are ongoing. Here, we survey the literature on the off-label use of tocilizumab in patients with juvenile-onset rheumatic diseases including juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), juvenile dermatomyositis (DM), vasculitis, juvenile scleroderma, and other autoinflammatory diseases. Read More

Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK.

Objectives: The European initiative Single Hub and Access point for paediatric Rheumatology in Europe (SHARE) aimed to optimize care for children with rheumatic diseases. Systemic vasculitides are very rare in children. Consequently, despite recent advances, paediatric-specific information is sparse. Read More

Ann Rheum Dis 2018 Dec 8. Epub 2018 Dec 8.

Department of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2018 04 2;32(2):271-294. Epub 2018 Nov 2.

Department of Rheumatology, Hospital of Bruneck, Bruneck, Italy; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) are the most common primary systemic vasculitides of the adult population, while polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a clinical syndrome often associated with GCA. Incidence and prevalence rates of AAV have been increasing in the last decades, whereas those of GCA and PMR have remained stable. The mutual interplay between environmental and genetic risk factors leading to the development of these diseases has been further analyzed in the last years. Read More

Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2018 02 25;32(1):63-82. Epub 2018 Sep 25.

University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B3000, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address:

Imaging plays an increasing role for confirming a suspected diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA) or Takayasu arteritis (TAK). Ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography demonstrate a homogeneous, most commonly concentric, arterial wall thickening. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) displays increased FDG uptake of inflamed artery walls delineating increased metabolism. Read More

Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2018 02 22;32(1):31-51. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Systemic vasculitides are a group of heterogeneous conditions with overlapping patterns of clinical and laboratory manifestations. Moreover, clinical features can be non-specific and seemingly disparate. A major factor in defining optimal therapy and measuring treatment response is careful disease assessment targeting four main domains: activity, damage, prognosis and quality of life/function. Read More

Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2018 02 22;32(1):148-165. Epub 2018 Sep 22.

Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.

The prognosis of ANCA-associated vasculitis has been transformed in recent years. Once it was a set of invariably acute and fatal conditions, but these disorders are currently considered to be chronic diseases. This change is largely attributable to earlier diagnosis and the careful application of immunotherapeutics. Read More