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Eur J Immunol 2021 May 4. Epub 2021 May 4.

Light Chain Bioscience-Novimmune S.A., Chemin du Pré-Fleuri 15, 1228 Plan-Les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland.

The aberrant release of inflammatory mediators often referred to as a cytokine storm or cytokine release syndrome (CRS), is a common and sometimes fatal complication in acute infectious diseases including Ebola, dengue, COVID-19 and influenza. Fatal CRS occurrences have also plagued the development of highly promising cancer therapies based on T cell engagers and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. CRS is intimately linked with dysregulated and excessive cytokine release including interferon γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 1, IL-6 and IL-10 resulting in a systemic inflammatory response leading to multiple organ failure. Read More

Expert Opin Drug Saf 2021 May 4. Epub 2021 May 4.

Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Introduction: Interstitial cystitis (IC)/bladder pain syndrome (BPS) is a frustrating disease of chronic bladder pain associated with lower urinary tract symptoms. Although there are many proposed treatment algorithms, the uncertainty as to their etiology has a negative impact on the therapeutic outcome. Oftentimes combination therapy of drugs with different mechanisms of action will be utilized to relieve the symptoms. Read More

Ann Clin Lab Sci 2021 Mar;51(2):231-240

Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China

Objective: Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome that results in severe myocardial injury. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) in sepsis-induced myocardial injury .

Methods: Embryonic rat ventricular myocardial cell line (H9c2) was treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate sepsis-induced myocardial injury . Read More

BMC Womens Health 2021 May 3;21(1):187. Epub 2021 May 3.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Enyacho 89-1, Izumo, Shimane, 6938501, Japan.

Background: Neutropenic enterocolitis (NE) is a potentially life-threatening disease that primarily occurs in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. NE has substantial morbidity and mortality, and its incidence has increased with the widespread use of chemotherapeutic agents such as taxanes, gemcitabine, and leucovorin in patients with lung, breast, gastric, and ovarian cancers. Sometimes NE can be a possible cause of death. Read More

Urology 2021 Apr 30. Epub 2021 Apr 30.

Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Oriental Institute for Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai, 200233, China. Electronic address:

Objectives: To investigate the risk factors for postoperative infection, including systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis and surgical site infection, after posterior urethral anastomosis for the treatment of male posterior urethral stenosis with pelvic fractures.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients who underwent transperineal end-to-end anastomotic urethroplasty between January 2016 and December 2018. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze patient characteristics and perioperative features. Read More

Pancreas 2021 Apr;50(4):537-543

CalciMedica, Inc, La Jolla, CA.

Objectives: To assess the safety of Auxora in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and hypoxemia, and identify efficacy endpoints to prospectively test in future studies.

Methods: This phase 2, open-label, dose-response study randomized patients with AP, accompanying SIRS, and hypoxemia (n = 21) to receive low-dose or high-dose Auxora plus standard of care (SOC) or SOC alone. All patients received pancreatic contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans at screenings, day 5/discharge, and as clinically required 90 days postrandomization; scans were blinded and centrally read to determine AP severity using computed tomography severity index. Read More

Dig Dis Sci 2021 May 3. Epub 2021 May 3.

Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Wannan Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.

Background/aims: Stress hyperglycemia is common in critical illness but it has not been clearly studied in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). This study aimed to investigate the specific blood glucose (BG) level that defines stress hyperglycemia and to determine the impact of stress hyperglycemia on clinical outcomes in AP patients.

Methods: AP patients admitted ≤ 48 h after abdominal pain onset were retrospectively analyzed. Read More

Pancreas 2021 Apr 29. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

From the Departments of Critical Care Medicine Emergency Medicine, Regions Hospital, HealthPartners, St. Paul, MN Departments of Emergency Medicine Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital System Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI Departments of Pulmonary Medicine Critical Care Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH Department of Radiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands CalciMedica, Inc, La Jolla, CA.

Objectives: To assess the safety of Auxora in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and hypoxemia, and identify efficacy endpoints to prospectively test in future studies.

Methods: This phase 2, open-label, dose-response study randomized patients with AP, accompanying SIRS, and hypoxemia (n = 21) to receive low-dose or high-dose Auxora plus standard of care (SOC) or SOC alone. All patients received pancreatic contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans at screenings, day 5/discharge, and as clinically required 90 days postrandomization; scans were blinded and centrally read to determine AP severity using computed tomography severity index. Read More

OTA Int 2018 Dec 18;1(3):e011. Epub 2018 Dec 18.

Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Western Ontario.

Objectives: Compartment syndrome (CS) is one of the most devastating consequences of musculoskeletal trauma. The pathophysiology of CS includes elevation of intracompartmental pressure (ICP), causing damage to the microcirculation, decreased oxygen delivery, tissue anoxia, and cell death. CS is a combined ischemic and inflammatory condition that induces the systemic inflammatory cascade. Read More

Crit Care Med 2021 May 3. Epub 2021 May 3.

Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Respiratory Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Department of Intensive Care & Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Objectives: Plasma ferritin levels above 4,420 ng/mL have been proposed as a diagnostic marker for macrophage activation-like syndrome in sepsis and used for selection of sepsis patients for anti-inflammatory therapy. We here sought to determine the frequency, presentation, outcome, and host response aberrations of macrophage activation-like syndrome, as defined by admission ferritin levels above 4,420 ng/mL, in critically ill patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

Design: A prospective observational cohort study. Read More

J Immunother 2021 Apr 28. Epub 2021 Apr 28.

Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France Department of Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center Eli Lilly and Company Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium Eli Lilly and Company, New York, NY Eli Lilly and Company, Stockholm, Sweden Eli Lilly and Company, Surrey, UK Sarah Cannon Research Institute Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN.

LY3381916 is an orally available, highly selective, potent inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1. This study explored the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity of LY3381916 monotherapy and in combination with a programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor (LY3300054) in patients with advanced solid tumors. During dose escalation, patients received escalating doses of LY3381916 at 60-600 mg once daily (qd) and 240 mg twice daily in monotherapy (n=21) and in combination with PD-L1 inhibitor at 700 mg every 2 weeks (n=21). Read More

Crit Care Explor 2021 Apr 26;3(4):e0387. Epub 2021 Apr 26.

Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.

Objectives: Several inflammation markers have been reported to be associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. We aimed to elucidate whether serum interleukin-6 concentration considered with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score can better predict mortality in critically ill patients.

Design: A prospective observational study. Read More

Front Neurosci 2021 13;15:667036. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the most severe form of acute lung injury. It is induced by sepsis, aspiration, and pneumonia, including that caused by SARS coronavirus and human influenza viruses. The main pathophysiological mechanism of ARDS is a systemic inflammatory response. Read More

Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2021 Jun;34(3):254-259

Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Maternal sepsis is the second leading cause of maternal death in the United States. A significant number of these deaths are preventable and the purpose of this review is to highlight causes such as delays in recognition and early treatment.

Recent Findings: Maternal sepsis can be difficult to diagnose due to significant overlap of symptoms and signs of normal physiological changes of pregnancy, and current screening tools perform poorly to identify sepsis in pregnant women. Read More

Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2021 Jan-Dec;27:10760296211010241

Department of Vascular Surgery, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Ningbo No.2 Hospital), Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China.

Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is one of the prominent causes of death in patients with cardiovascular disease. Currently, reliable biomarkers to predict the prognosis of patients with APE are limited. The present study aimed to investigate the association of blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin (B/A) ratio and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality in critically ill patients with APE. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Apr 26;22(9). Epub 2021 Apr 26.

Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary.

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease that affects around 125 million people worldwide. Several studies concerning the gut microbiota composition and its role in disease pathogenesis recently demonstrated significant alterations among psoriatic patients. Certain parameters such as Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio or Psoriasis Microbiome Index were developed in order to distinguish between psoriatic and healthy individuals. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Apr 26;22(9). Epub 2021 Apr 26.

Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.

Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with () (PIMS-TS) is a new systemic inflammatory disease that mainly affects children. Its course in many features resembles that of acute rheumatic fever (ARF). Therefore, it is interesting that the experiences with ARF can be used in the management of patients with PIMS-TS. Read More

J Pers Med 2021 Apr 16;11(4). Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer University Hospital, 140 59 Prague, Czech Republic.

Myristic acid is identified as a metabolite with the highest diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in the metabolome of patients with bacteraemia. Its significant decrease has been observed in patients with septic shock not responding to treatment. Another study has reported a close correlation of myristic acid levels with the outcome of severe trauma patients. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Apr 17;22(8). Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Kniaziewicza 1/5, 91-347 Lodz, Poland.

The virus responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): a new virus with high infectivity and moderate mortality. The major clinical manifestation of COVID-19 is interstitial pneumonia, which may progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the disease causes a potent systemic hyperin-flammatory response, i. Read More

Antioxidants (Basel) 2021 Apr 14;10(4). Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159C Nowoursynowska Str., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a cyclically occurring combination of various symptoms, leading to decreased life quality among approximately 30% of women of childbearing age. PMS etiology remains unknown; however, there are some suggestions that inappropriate inflammatory response and oxidative stress are involved. This study aimed to systematically review case-control and cross-sectional studies investigating inflammation markers, oxidative stress, and antioxidant status among women with PMS and controls. Read More

J Clin Med 2021 Apr 7;10(8). Epub 2021 Apr 7.

First Department of Intensive Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Evangelismos' Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilandou St, GR-10675 Athens, Greece.

Although coagulation disorders and immune/inflammatory response have been associated with the final outcome of patients with sepsis, their link with thetemporaryclinical deterioration or improvement of patients is unknown. We aimed to investigate this link. We prospectively included consecutive patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with a suspected diagnosis of infection and evaluated within the first 24 h from admission. Read More

J Clin Med 2021 Apr 7;10(8). Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania.

COVID-19 is currently considered an inflammatory disease affecting the entire organism. In severe forms, an augmented inflammatory response leads to the fulminant "cytokine storm", which may result in severe multisystemic end-organ damage. Apart from the acute inflammatory response, it seems that chronic inflammation also plays a major role in the clinical evolution of COVID-19 patients. Read More

Comput Biol Med 2021 Apr 18;134:104406. Epub 2021 Apr 18.

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.

The high morbidity and mortality rate of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection arises majorly from the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and "cytokine storm" syndrome, which is sustained by an aberrant systemic inflammatory response and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, phytocompounds with broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory activity that target multiple SARS-CoV-2 proteins will enhance the development of effective drugs against the disease. In this study, an in-house library of 117 steroidal plant-derived pregnanes (PDPs) was docked in the active regions of human glucocorticoid receptors (hGRs) in a comparative molecular docking analysis. Read More

Wounds 2021 Feb;33(2):E14-E16

Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, Austria.

Introduction: Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare, neutrophilic dermatosis that can be triggered after minor trauma or surgery and mimics a fulminating infection. It is commonly associated with a systemic disease, such as inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic syndrome, rheumatologic or hematological disorders, and malignancies. The typical clinical appearance is hemorrhagic nodules, which rapidly progress into extremely painful, irregular, red to violaceous ulceration with undermined border and purulent necrotic bases. Read More

Rozhl Chir 2021 ;100(2):83-87

Open abdomen is known as a serious consequence of various intra-abdominal pathologies. Initially, patients often have a life-threatening condition, sepsis or septic shock. Severe stress related malnutrition, mineral and fluid imbalance develop as metabolic consequences. Read More

Yonsei Med J 2021 May;62(5):461-469

Department of Emergency, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China.

Purpose: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication of sepsis and is characterized by inflammatory response. MicroRNA-210 host gene (MIR210HG) is upregulated in human proximal tubular epithelial cells under treatment of inflammatory cytokines. This study aimed to explore the role of MIR210HG in sepsis-induced AKI. Read More

Adv Clin Exp Med 2021 Apr;30(4):455-463

Intensive Care Unit, People's Hospital of Xinjiang, Uygur Autonomous Region, China.

Sepsis is one of the main causes of death in burn patients, and many studies have suggested that procalcitonin (PCT) is a biomarker for the early diagnosis of sepsis, but the results are controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum PCT in adult burn sepsis by conducting a meta-analysis of published studies. The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI and China Wanfang databases were searched, and studies on PCT as a marker for the diagnosis of adult burn sepsis from the establishment of the database, to February 1, 2020 were screened. Read More

Medicina (B Aires) 2021 ;81(2):159-165

Servicio de Terapia Intensiva, Hospital Alemán de Buenos Aires, Argentina.

A retrospective-observational analytical study was carried out to evaluate the epidemiology of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) in 773 adult patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Hospital Alemán of Buenos Aires, Argentina, between 1 December 2018 and 30 June 2020. During the study period, the incidence of CRBSI was 8.7 cases per 1000 catheter days. Read More

Medwave 2021 Mar 30;21(2):e8142. Epub 2021 Mar 30.

Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima, Perú. ORCID: 0000-0002-1129-1427.

Pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 is a potentially severe and rare condition that still needs a better understanding to guide its management. Reports worldwide, and especially in Latin America, are still scarce. This report presents ten cases of pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 in children between 2 and 12 years old treated in a Peruvian hospital, diagnosed using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Read More

J Exp Med 2021 06;218(6)

St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) emerged in April 2020 in communities with high COVID-19 rates. This new condition is heterogenous but resembles Kawasaki disease (KD), a well-known but poorly understood and clinically heterogenous pediatric inflammatory condition for which weak associations have been found with a myriad of viral illnesses. Epidemiological data clearly indicate that SARS-CoV-2 is the trigger for MIS-C, which typically occurs about 1 mo after infection. Read More