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J Orthop Case Rep 2021 ;11(1):59-62

Department of Orthopaedic, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Introduction: Synovial chondromatosis is a rare benign entity with the presence of cartilaginous or osseous loose bodies in the synovium. It commonly involves the larger joints such as the knee, hip, ankle and rarely the shoulder joint manifesting with pain, swelling, and restriction of movements. The treatment of choice is surgical intervention in symptomatic patients using either the open or the arthroscopic approach. Read More

J Orthop Case Rep 2021 ;11(1):28-32

Department of Orthopaedics, Grant Government Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Introduction: Synovial chondromatosis is a rare, benign disorder of the synovium, which leads to loose body formation due to metaplastic transformation. It presents as multiple cartilaginous bodies in the synovial joints, bursae and in tendon sheaths. The diagnosis often delayed in hip involvement due to insidious onset of symptoms. Read More

AACE Clin Case Rep 2021 May-Jun;7(3):180-183. Epub 2021 Jan 7.

Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.

Objective: We present a patient with pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP) who developed both gout and synovial chondromatosis, in addition to the classical Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy phenotype.

Methods: The patient's clinical course, laboratory data, and imaging are presented.

Results: The patient is a 40-year-old male with no pertinent family history who presented with findings of Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy, including short stature, obesity, rounded face, shortened fourth and fifth digits, and osteoma cutis (heterotopic subcutaneous ossification), which required surgical removal for pain relief. Read More

Healthcare (Basel) 2021 May 18;9(5). Epub 2021 May 18.

School of Dental Medicine, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse's Teaching Hospital (CHU Toulouse), 31062 Toulouse, France.

Synovial chondromatosis is a non-cancerous tumor characterized by the formation of multiple nodules of cartilage due to metaplastic development of the synovial membrane. Etiology can be a primary lesion, of which pathogenesis remains unknown, or low-grade trauma or internal disorders. This pathology can long remain undiagnosed and leads to therapeutic wandering, especially since clinical manifestations are non-specific. Read More

Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2021 Jun 1. Epub 2021 Jun 1.

Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Parkway, 37752 Harrogate, United States.

Background: Primary synovial chondromatosis (PSC) is a rare idiopathic pathology characterized by the formation of osseocartilaginous nodules within synovial joints, tendons, or bursae. The mineralization pattern of PSC nodules is poorly understood and has yet to be investigated using elemental analysis. Mapping this pattern could elucidate the progression of the disease. Read More

Arch Bone Jt Surg 2021 Mar;9(2):235-239

Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

The diagnosis of synovial chondromatosis (SCM) is usually delayed, as the arthroscopic-guided synovial biopsy is postponed owing to its invasive nature. We report the timely diagnosis of a giant solitary synovial chondromatosis of the hip in a 32-year-old woman using ultrasound-guided synovial biopsy. This technique revealed to be safe and successful in the diagnosis of SCM, when the imaging studies were obscure. Read More

Foot (Edinb) 2021 Apr 20:101804. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

2180 Oakland Dr Unit A, Sycamore, IL 60178, USA. Electronic address:

Synovial chondromatosis is a rare condition consisting of metaplasia of the synovial tissue that usually presents in large joints such as the knee and hip. The reported occurrence of synovial chondromatosis in the foot and ankle joints is rare in the literature. In this case report, the successful surgical management of two patients presenting with this condition using open ankle arthrotomy & synovectomy is described. Read More

Arthrosc Tech 2021 Apr 13;10(4):e1103-e1108. Epub 2021 Mar 13.

Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Primary synovial chondromatosis is characterized by newly formed chondral or osteochondral nodules in the synovial membrane, which may detach and form loose bodies. The loose bodies can be calcified or ossified, and the condition is termed synovial osteochondromatosis. Three distinct stages can be identified in primary synovial chondromatosis : phase I is active synovitis without loose bodies, phase II shows nodular synovitis along with loose bodies, and phase III is characterized by the presence of loose bodies with the resolution of synovitis. Read More

Oxf Med Case Reports 2021 Apr 28;2021(4):omab007. Epub 2021 Apr 28.

Orthopaedic Surgery Department, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico.

Tenosynovial chondromatosis (TC) is a rare progressive benign tumor from the synovial lining of tendon sheath. The TC mostly affects males between the ages 30 to 50 years old at the ventral side of wrist. There are two different forms of TC that have been proposed in previous studies: an idiopathic cause (primary TC) and a joint related diseases cause (secondary TC). Read More

Int Orthop 2021 Apr 20. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Department of Orthopedics, the First People's Hospital of Changzhou, 185 Ju Qian Road, Changzhou, 213000, China.

Purpose: In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of surgical hip dislocation in patients with synovial chondromatosis (SC) of the hip.

Methods: Seven patients with primary SC of the hip treated with open synovectomy and removal of loose bodies by surgical hip dislocation from 2016 to 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients had numerous and widespread loose bodies based on pre-operative images, including routine radiographs, CT, and MRI. Read More

Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021 Apr;39(2):209-214

Dept. of Oral and Maxilloficial Surgery, the Stomatology Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Health Management and Cancer Prevention Medicine, Zhengzhou 450052, China.

Objectives: To evaluate the value of arthroscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJSC).

Methods: The cases of 16 patients preliminarily diagnosed with TMJSC by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from July 2011 to December 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. If the diagnosis was confirmed by arthroscopy, the opening operation was performed. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Apr 7;14(4). Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Unconscious biases may influence clinical decision making, leading to diagnostic error. Anchoring bias occurs when a physician relies too heavily on the initial data received. We present a 57-year-old man with a 3-year history of unexplained right thigh pain who was referred to a physiatry clinic for suggestions on managing presumed non-organic pain. Read More

Clin Radiol 2021 Mar 21. Epub 2021 Mar 21.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.

Aim: To investigate the imaging features of synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which is a rare benign arthropathy with cartilaginous proliferation.

Materials And Methods: Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging examinations of 34 patients with histopathologically confirmed primary synovial chondromatosis of the TMJ were reviewed retrospectively. Imaging features including the lesion epicentre, destruction/sclerosis of surrounding bone, calcification, periosteal reaction, osteophyte, lesion size, and joint space dimensions were assessed. Read More

J Int Med Res 2021 Mar;49(3):3000605211000526

Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Synovial chondromatosis (SC) is a benign condition characterized by the formation of metaplastic cartilage in the synovial membrane of the joint, resulting in numerous attached and unattached osteocartilaginous bodies. SC mostly affects the large synovial joints, especially the knee, hip, elbow, and ankle, whereas involvement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is rare. Approximately 240 cases of SC of the TMJ have been reported in the English-language literature to date. Read More

Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021 Mar 12. Epub 2021 Mar 12.

Rheumatology Department, Unidade Local de Saúde do Alto Minho, Ponte de Lima, Portugal.

J Orthop Case Rep 2020 Nov;10(8):44-47

Department of Orthopaedics, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow. Uttar Pradesh. India.

Introduction: Synovial chondromatosis (SC) commonly involves large joints such as the knee and hip with smaller joints being less frequently involved. Extra-articular involvement is very rare, and here, we are presenting the first case of giant extra-articular SC originating from the ankle joint.

Case Report: A 42-year-old male presented to the outpatient department with painless swelling over the lateral malleolus for 2 years. Read More

Br J Radiol 2021 Apr 22;94(1120):20201389. Epub 2021 Feb 22.

Department of Radiology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK.

Objective: To determine the differential diagnosis of intra-articular tumours and tumour-like lesions in a paediatric population compared to adults.

Methods: Retrospective review of children up to the age of 18 years with suspected intra-articular tumours and tumour-like lesions referred to a specialist musculoskeletal oncology service from January 2019 to August 2020. Data recorded included patient age and gender, lesion location and morphology (based on the classification system of Adams et al. Read More

Int Med Case Rep J 2021 10;14:67-72. Epub 2021 Feb 10.

Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.

We report a case of a farmer who presented with synovial osteochondromatosis of his right knee that mimicked a huge hardball. A synovial proliferative disease associated with metaplasia of cartilage resulting in sporadic multiple intra-articular and extra-articular loose bodies. Our focus is to report a rare case successfully operated which has an educational significance in clinical practice. Read More

Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed) 2021 Feb 10. Epub 2021 Feb 10.

Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, C block, Rai Bareilley Road, 226014 Lucknow, India. Electronic address:

Orthopedics 2021 May-Jun;44(3):e454-e457. Epub 2021 Feb 10.

Synovial chondromatosis of the finger is a rare metaplasia affecting either the finger joint or the tendon sheath. It is a benign extraosseus cartilage tumor that often occurs in numbers and is not solitary in nature. This accumulation of masses within the finger can lead the patient to seek medical care. Read More

Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2020 Dec;53(1):34-39

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.

Objective: To detect the expression of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) in the synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJSC), and to discuss the possible interactions between COMP, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3, TGF-β1 and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in the development of this neoplastic disease.

Methods: Patients in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January 2011 to February 2020 were selected, who had complete medical records, TMJSC was verified histologically after operation. The expressions of COMP, TGF-β3, TGF-β1 and BMP-2 in the TMJSC of the temporomandibular joint were detected by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) at the protein level and mRNA level respectively, compared with the normal synovial tissue of temporomandibular joint. Read More

J Orthop Case Rep 2020 Sep;10(6):72-75

Department of Orthopaedics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Introduction: Melorheostosis, on its own, is an extremely uncommon disease. It is non-hereditary, sclerosing bone lesion affecting the adjacent soft tissues. Long bones are commonly involved. Read More

J Orthop Case Rep 2020 Sep;10(6):54-59

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.

Background: Primary synovial chondromatosis is a rare disease characterized by the presence of metaplastic cartilaginous nodules arising from the synovia. Synovial chondromatosis has been widely described in the large joints, including elbow, hip, and knee joints, but very rarely in the foot or ankle. Data on the arthroscopic management of this condition in the ankle are also limited. Read More

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2020 Dec;30(12):1345-1347

Department of Radiology, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Synovial chondromatosis is a rare condition with chondroid metaplasia of the synovial membrane and multinodular proliferation of the synovial membrane of the joints, tendons and bursae without any certain etiology. The disease generally presents in monoarticular form; and the most commonly involved joint is the knee. It commonly occurs in third and fifth decades of life. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2021 Mar 18;16(3):487-492. Epub 2020 Dec 18.

Radiology Department, Cappagh National Orthopaedic Hospital, Cappagh Road, Cappoge, Dublin 11, D11 EV29, Ireland.

Primary synovial chondromatosis is a rare benign neoplastic process, in which cartilaginous nodules are produced in the subsynovial tissue. It has 3 main subtypes (intra-articular, tenosynovial and bursal). We present the case of a 61-year-old female, with a mass involving her right thumb for at least 5 years, which had recently increased in size. Read More

Autops Case Rep 2020 Sep 2;10(4):e2020183. Epub 2020 Sep 2.

Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Cirurgia Prótese e Traumatologia Maxilofaciais. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Synovial chondromatosis (SC) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an uncommon entity, mostly when the involvement is bilateral. The authors report a rare case of bilateral SC, with a follow-up of 13 months, and a literature review. A 60-year-old Caucasian woman, with the chief complaint of pain for 6 years in the bilateral pre-auricular region, had a progressive clacking and discomfort on the left side during mouth opening. Read More

SICOT J 2020 11;6:48. Epub 2020 Dec 11.

Senior Resident, Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 248201 Rishikesh, India.

Introduction: Chronic synovitis involving a single large joint remains a diagnostic dilemma. We present 61 cases of chronic synovitis of the knee, followed prospectively for 2 years. The study focuses on the diagnosis, management, and histopathological correlation. Read More

Eur J Rheumatol 2021 Jan 19;8(1):40-45. Epub 2020 Nov 19.

Department of Orthopedics, Jubilee Mission Medical College, Trichur, Kerala, India.

Synovial osteochondromatosis (SOC) is a rare benign neoplasm. It is caused by the metaplasia of the synovium into the bone. The knee, hip, elbow, shoulder, and ankle are the common sites. Read More

Foot Ankle Int 2021 Apr 17;42(4):440-447. Epub 2020 Nov 17.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.

Background: Primary synovial chondromatosis (PSC) is a progressive disorder of unknown etiology resulting in formation of multiple loose bodies. If left untreated, it may lead to degenerative changes or malignant transformation to chondrosarcoma.

Methods: Seventeen patients who underwent combined posterior and anterior ankle arthroscopy within the same operative session and had histologically confirmed PSC were included in this retrospective study. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2020 Nov 16. Epub 2020 Nov 16.

Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Aim: This study aimed to retrospectively analyze our 10-year experience with total alloplastic reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint prostheses. Indications and clinical outcomes were also evaluated.

Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study in which 31 patients who had alloplastic total Temporomandibular Joint prosthesis implanted between 2007 and 2017 were reviewed. Read More