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S D Med 2019 Nov;72(11):518-520

Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.

Swyer-James-Macleod syndrome is a rare radiologic entity with radiolucent lung fields which could include the entire lung, a lobe or a subsegment. The pathogenesis is unclear but is thought to be related to childhood pulmonary viral and non-viral infections with subsequent vascular and alveolar distortion. It usually presents incidentally in asymptomatic patients on imaging, but could present with recurrent pulmonary infections, shortness of breath, cough, hemoptysis or bronchiectasis. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2020 Jan 8;13(1). Epub 2020 Jan 8.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK.

This case describes a female patient who presented with an acute on chronic deterioration in respiratory symptoms, on a background of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heavy cigarette smoking. Chest radiograph demonstrated long-standing hyperlucency of the right lower lobe, with further imaging later confirming the rare combination of Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome and multiple pulmonary arteriovenous malformations within the affected lung. Read More

Chest 2020 Jan 26;157(1):119-141. Epub 2019 Jul 26.

Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY; Medicine and Radiology, Barbara and Donald Zuckerberg School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, NY. Electronic address:

Areas of diminished lung density are frequently identified both on routine chest radiographs and chest CT examinations. Colloquially referred to as hyperlucent foci of lung, a broad range of underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms and differential diagnoses account for these changes. Despite this, the spectrum of etiologies can be categorized into underlying parenchymal, airway, and vascular-related entities. Read More

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019 Sep 8;46(10):2023-2031. Epub 2019 Jul 8.

Institute of Nuclear Medicine, UCL(H) and University College London Hospital, 235 Euston Rd, London, NW1 2BU, UK.

Introduction: To investigate the combined performance of quantitative CT (qCT) following a computer algorithm analysis (IMBIO) and F-FDG PET/CT to assess survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Methods: A total of 113 IPF patients (age 70 ± 9 years) prospectively and consecutively underwent F-FDG PET/CT and high-resolution CT (HRCT) at our institution. During a mean follow-up of 29. Read More

Hawaii J Med Public Health 2019 04;78(4):137-140

Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI.

A 24-year-old female with a history of Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome presented with acute onset of pleuritic chest pain and was initially diagnosed with acute pericarditis. The 12-lead electrocardiogram demonstrated typical diffuse ST-segment elevation and PR-segment depression. Symptoms resolved rapidly with anti-inflammatory therapy consisting of ibuprofen and colchicine. Read More

Ann Card Anaesth 2018 Oct-Dec;21(4):440-441

Department of Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

We report an interesting case of bulla right lung, incidently found during CABG surgery. Read More

J Bras Pneumol 2018 May-Jun;44(3):182

. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Brasil.

Pediatr Int 2018 Jul 20;60(7):669-670. Epub 2018 Jun 20.

Department of Pediatric Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.

Ann Acad Med Singapore 2018 Jan;47(1):48-50

Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore.

Am J Emerg Med 2018 May 9;36(5):909.e5-909.e6. Epub 2018 Feb 9.

Bozok University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey.

Unilateral hyperlucent lung was firstly described by Swyer and James 1950s. After that, some patients with same disease were detected by Macleod . Then this syndrome was named as Swyer- James-Macleod syndrome (SJMS), and this syndrome includes a smaller or normal sized unilateral hyperlucent lung. Read More

Tuberk Toraks 2017 09;65(3):258-259

Division of Respiratory Medicine, Mito Medical Center, Tsukuba University, Mito, Japan.

Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018 01;197(1):130-131

1 Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease.

Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2017 Oct;19(10):1056-1060

Department of Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders/Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Chongqing 400014, China.

Objective: To investigate the clinical features of readmitted children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in the first 2 years of life.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 242 children with BPD who were readmitted due to recurrent lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in the first 2 years of life.

Results: Among all the 242 children with BPD, 115(47. Read More

Respirol Case Rep 2017 07 17;5(4):e00236. Epub 2017 Apr 17.

Department of Internal Medicine Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital Toyama Japan.

Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome (SJMS) is an uncommon obliterative lung disease that is radiologically characterized by hyperlucency of a part of or the entire lung. A 33-year-old man presented to our hospital for chest tightness. A chest X-ray revealed unilateral hyperlucency of left lower lung, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the chest disclosed a hyperlucent left lung without vascularity. Read More

J Pediatr Surg 2017 Sep 31;52(9):1442-1445. Epub 2017 Jan 31.

Division of Pediatric General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Only a few isolated cases in the literature exist to guide management of bilateral congenital lobar emphysema (CLE). Here, we review our experience in infants with bilateral CLE.

Methods: A case series of all infants presenting with bilateral CLE from 2014 to 2015 in a single institution. Read More

J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2016;26(6):390-392

Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Unit of Immunology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.

Vet Surg 2017 Jan 28;46(1):158-164. Epub 2016 Nov 28.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.

Objective: To report the surgical treatment of a pulmonary emphysematous cyst concurrent with primary pulmonary bronchoalveolar papillary carcinoma in a dog.

Study Design: Clinical case report.

Animals: 12-year-old 6. Read More

Int J Cardiol 2016 Nov 8;223:212-214. Epub 2016 Aug 8.

Gaziantep University, Medical School, Department of Cardiology, Turkey.

Clin Respir J 2018 Feb 1;12(2):404-409. Epub 2016 Aug 1.

Deparment of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey.

Background And Aim: In patients with pulmonary embolism (PE), a pulmonary radiograph may reveal oligemic fields (the Westermark sign) associated with sites of occlusion of the pulmonary arteries, interruption or loss of the artery line (the knuckle sign), and even unilateral hyperlucency attributable to reduced overall lung vascularity. In Swyer-James-Macleod syndrome (SJMS), which develops as a result of bronchiolitis obliterans, unilateral hyperlucency is evident because of emphysema and hypoplasia of the pulmonary artery and its branches. Therefore, SJMS cases with clinical and laboratory data compatible with PE may in fact be confused with PE. Read More

Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2016 Jul 20;24(6):597-600. Epub 2016 May 20.

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, National Heart Centre, Singapore.

Congenital bullous emphysema is defined as large bullae involving at least one-third of a hemithorax. We describe the case of a 32-year-old female who presented with increasing shortness of breath. Radiological investigations revealed severe emphysema with hyperexpansion of the right lung and a mediastinal shift to the left. Read More

Korean J Radiol 2016 Mar-Apr;17(2):302-5. Epub 2016 Mar 2.

Department of Radiology, Eulji Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul 01830, Korea.

We presented a rare case of a 64-year-old man with a combined anomaly of the bronchus and pulmonary artery that was detected incidentally. Computed tomography showed a hyperlucent, aerated sequestered segment of the right lower lung with an independent ectopic bronchus, which had no connection to the other airway. The affected segment was supplied by its own aberrant pulmonary artery branch from the right pulmonary trunk. Read More

Curr Opin Pulm Med 2016 Mar;22(2):179-86

Division of Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.

Purpose Of Review: Several lung volume reduction (LVR) techniques have been increasingly evaluated in patients with advanced pulmonary emphysema, especially in the last decade. Radiologist plays a pivotal role in the characterization of parenchymal damage and, thus, assessment of eligibility criteria. This review aims to discuss the most common LVR techniques, namely LVR surgery, endobronchial valves, and coils LVR, with emphasis on the role of computed tomography (CT). Read More

Am J Emerg Med 2016 Jul 21;34(7):1329.e3-4. Epub 2015 Dec 21.

Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, RUMC, Staten Island, NY.

Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2015 Sep-Oct;61(5):404-6

Medical Department, Faculdade São Lucas, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.

Swyer-James syndrome is a complication of post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans that causes inflammation and fibrosis of the bronchial walls. There are two types: asymptomatic, with most cases diagnosed in adults during routine radiological examinations; and symptomatic, most commonly found in children. Here, we report the case of a 6-year-old child with recurrent dyspnea since the age of 3, who showed signs and symptoms of bronchiolitis obliterans and radiological signs of bronchial wall thickening and air trapping. Read More

Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2015 Apr-Jun;57(2):117-9

Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome is a radiological entity characterised by hyperlucency of one or more lobes or of the entire lung associated with decreased number and diameter of ipsilateral peripheral pulmonary vessels resulting in difficult visibility of the arterial network, and unobstructed bronchial system. We report the case of a 12-year-old girl who presented with chief complaint of pain in the chest. Chest radiograph (postero-anterior view) showed hyperlucent left lung field with increased lung volume and shift of the mediastinum to the right side. Read More

Am J Med Sci 2015 Nov;350(5):e5

Pediatr Pulmonol 2015 Dec 23;50(12):E52-4. Epub 2015 Jul 23.

Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Introduction: We report an unusual finding of pneumatocele in an infant.

Case Report: A previously well four month old presented with worsening respiratory distress over 6 weeks. He had no antecedent signs or symptoms of respiratory infection. Read More

Intern Emerg Med 2015 Oct 5;10(7):881-2. Epub 2015 May 5.

Department of Radiology, Palms West Hospital, West Palm Beach, FL, USA.

J Thorac Imaging 2015 May;30(3):W1

Turk Thorac J 2015 Jan 11;16(1):36-42. Epub 2014 Jul 11.

Clinic of Chest Diseases, Süreyyapaşa Chest Diseases Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.

Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome or unilateral hyperlucent lung syndrome is a rare disease characterised by hypoplasia of the pulmonary artery, unilateral hyperlucent lung and usually bronchiectasis. The syndrome was first described by Swyer and James in 1953 in a child case, and in the following year 9 adult cases were reported by MacLeod. We retrospectively reviewed 6 adult cases, five female and one male, who were followed-up with the diagnosis of Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome between 2005 and 2012 in our clinic. Read More

Respir Care 2014 Nov 22;59(11):e182-5. Epub 2014 Jul 22.

Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases.

Ann Am Thorac Soc 2014 Feb;11(2):270-3

1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and.

An Pediatr (Barc) 2014 Dec 22;81(6):e24-7. Epub 2014 Feb 22.

Área de Pediatría y Neonatología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, España.

Tuberk Toraks 2013 ;61(4):355-6

Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey.

J Cardiothorac Surg 2014 Jan 10;9:13. Epub 2014 Jan 10.

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 31 Chlois Str, 16673 Voula, Athens, Greece.

Background: Swyer-James-McLeod Syndrome (SJMS) is an uncommon, emphysematous disease characterized by radiologic hyperlucency of pulmonary parenchyma due to loss of the pulmonary vascular structure and to alveolar overdistension.

Case Report: We herein describe a 15-year-old Caucasian patient with well-established SJMS since childhood who presented with spontaneous pneumothorax. Video-assisted thoracoscopic bullectomy with apical pleurectomy was performed. Read More

Acute Med 2013 ;12(3):159-62

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, HU16 5JQ, UK.

Giant bullous emphysema is an uncommon condition characterised by large asymmetric bullae with upper lobe predominance. This condition is most frequent in young male smokers. Patients usually present with progressive breathlessness which is secondary to enlargement of the bullae leading to compression of the lung parenchyma. Read More

Respir Care 2014 Apr 11;59(4):e51-4. Epub 2013 Sep 11.

Department of Pulmonology.

Swyer-James-Macleod syndrome (SJMS) is a rare constrictive bronchiolitis with air-flow obstruction and a decreased number and diameter of ipsilateral peripheral pulmonary vessels. This syndrome is characterized by unilateral hyperlucency on chest radiography. Computed tomography provides useful additional information. Read More

Isr Med Assoc J 2013 May;15(5):260-1

Unit of Hand Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.

J Pediatr 2013 Nov 22;163(5):1524.e1. Epub 2013 Jun 22.

Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea.

Clin Nucl Med 2013 Apr;38(4):237-40

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Selcuk University Meram Medical School, Konya, Turkey.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to establish the value of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in diagnosing) Swyer-James syndrome (SJS) and to compare MRA and ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan results in patients with established SJS.

Methods: The V/Q scans and the MRA findings of 22 lungs of 11 patients with SJS (6 males, 5 females; age range: 17-69 years, mean: 38.4 years) were retrospectively studied. Read More

Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014 15;20 Suppl:539-41. Epub 2013 Feb 15.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

A 21-year-old man with a history of bronchial asthma during childhood presented with left recurrent pneumothorax. Chest x-ray showed collapse of the left lung. Computed tomography showed hyperlucency and some bullae in the left upper lobe. Read More

AJR Am J Roentgenol 2013 Jan;200(1):W95

Rev Mal Respir 2012 Nov 25;29(9):1116-9. Epub 2012 Oct 25.

Service de chirurgie infantile, hôpital Mère-Enfant, 8 avenue Dominique-Larrey, Limoges cedex, France.

Introduction: MacLeod syndrome, also known as Swyer-James syndrome, is a rare syndrome characterized by unilateral lung hyperlucency. It is a form of constrictive bronchiolitis which is caused by repeated acute bronchiolitis and/or pulmonary infections during infancy.

Case Report: The patient was a 26-year-old man who had had a first left pneumothorax at the age of 21. Read More

QJM 2013 Oct 8;106(10):957-8. Epub 2012 Sep 8.

Clin Nucl Med 2012 Sep;37(9):916-7

Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands.

A 5-year-old girl presented with episodes of coughing, inspiratory stridor, and occasionally squeaking breath sounds. There was no history of a foreign body aspiration. Initially, she was diagnosed with allergic asthma. Read More

Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2012 Jun 14;46(2):115-8. Epub 2012 Apr 14.

Department of Pediatrics, B.L Kapur Memorial Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Swyer-James syndrome (SJS) or Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by roentgenographical hyperlucency of one lung, lobe, or part of a lobe. As originally described, it shows a unilateral small lung with hyperlucency and air trapping on radiographs. It is postinfectious obliterative bronchiolitis due to childhood respiratory infection. Read More

AJR Am J Roentgenol 2012 May;198(5):W400-14

Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA.

Radiologe 2011 Oct;51(10):881-94; quiz 895

Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, NCSB-IC560, 585 University Avenue, M5G2N2, Toronto, ON, Kanada.

Areas with reduced density are a common finding with thin-slice computed tomography (CT) examinations of lung parenchyma. Diffuse and localized patterns can be differentiated. The most frequent cause for a diffuse decrease in density is pulmonary emphysema which can be classified into centrilobular, panlobular and paraseptal emphysema based on the distinct anatomical features. Read More

Intern Med 2011 1;50(17):1829-33. Epub 2011 Sep 1.

Department of Respiratory Diseases, Changhai Hospital, China.

Swyer-James syndrome (SJS) is a rare disease probably resulting from bronchiolitis obliterans. The radiological findings of this entity are characterized by hyperlucent appearance of one or more lobes of a unilateral lung, decreased lung volume, diminished ipsilateral hilar shadow and hardly visible arterial structure on chest radiography. We report a 50-year-old patient, who had unilateral right lower lung hyperlucency on chest radiography. Read More

Nucl Med Commun 2011 Nov;32(11):1052-9

Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.

Objectives: Unilateral hyperlucent lung on chest radiograph is uncommon in children. It is often found incidentally and always refers to Swyer-James syndrome, with decrease in pulmonary vascularity and air trapping during expiration. However, it may occasionally mimic other serious lung diseases such as pulmonary hypoplasia/aplasia, defect of pulmonary artery, and other primary pulmonary disorders. Read More