Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

Horm Metab Res 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.

Cross-sectional studies in small and selected populations report a high prevalence of hypercortisolism in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), which could have therapeutic implications, if confirmed. We therefore estimated the prevalence of hypercortisolism in a large and unselected cohort of recently diagnosed T2D patients. Consecutive patients with recently diagnosed T2D first underwent an overnight dexamethasone (1 mg) suppression test (OD). Read More

Semin Neurol 2018 Dec 6;38(6):640-643. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.

Myofascial pain syndromes arise from acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain and often have a referred neuropathic component. It affects more than three quarters of the world's population and is one of the most important and overlooked causes of disability. The origins of pain are thought to reside anywhere between the motor end plate and the fibrous outer covering of the muscle, with involvement of microvasculature and neurotransmitters at the cellular level. Read More

Semin Neurol 2018 Dec 6;38(6):627-633. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York.

Headache is a neurologic disorder that displays gender dichotomy. It is well established that there is a strong link between migraine headache and sex hormones, specifically estrogen, which influences the severity of migraines during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause. Furthermore, the epidemiology of headaches during pregnancy and the postpartum period is very distinct from that in males or nonpregnant females, in part due to the hemodynamic and hematologic changes that occur during pregnancy. Read More

Semin Neurol 2018 Dec 6;38(6):608-618. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.

Migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) are common primary disorders that carry significant morbidity and socioeconomic effect. In this article, we will review the epidemiology, presentation, and diagnosis of these disorders. First-line acute treatment for migraine consists of analgesics, triptans, and antiemetics, while nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the mainstay treatment for TTH. Read More

Am Heart J 2018 Oct 25;208:11-20. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

Department of Cardiology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia. Electronic address:

Background: Elevated troponin level findings among patients presenting with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or another intercurrent illness undeniably identifies patients at increased risk of mortality. Whilst enhancing our capacity to discriminate risk, the use of high-sensitivity troponin assays frequently identifies patients with myocardial injury (i.e. Read More

Epilepsy Behav 2018 Dec 3;90:99-106. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Population, Policy and Practice Unit, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.

Background: Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) is a significant cause of death in childhood epilepsy, and causes considerable concern to patients and their families. Despite this, the condition remains poorly understood. This systematic review investigates the risk factors, pathophysiology, and circumstances associated with childhood SUDEP. Read More

Epilepsy Behav 2018 Dec 3;90:79-83. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

'Sapienza' University of Rome, Human Neuroscience Department, Rome, Italy.

We investigated the online behavior of Internet users consulting the website of the Italian Chapter of the International League Against Epilepsy (Lega Italiana Contro l'Epilessia [LICE]). We obtained the visualization statistics of the LICE website using AWStats (https://awstats.sourceforge. Read More

Transl Oncol 2018 Dec 3;12(2):375-380. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str., 06097 Halle, Germany. Electronic address:

Objectives: Numerous studies investigated relationships between positron emission tomography and proliferation index Ki-67 in breast cancer (BC) with inconsistent results. The aim of the present analysis was to provide evident data about associations between standardized uptake value (SUV) and expression of Ki-67 in BC.

Methods: MEDLINE library, SCOPUS and EMBASE data bases were screened for relationships between SUV and Ki-67 in BC up to April 2018. Read More

Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018 Nov 30;102:63-67. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Department of Neurobehavioral Genetics, Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, D-54290, Trier, Germany. Electronic address:

Secretion of the stress hormone cortisol follows a circadian rhythm and is stimulated following stress exposure. Cortisol regulates the transcription of several genes, primarily through activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Previously, we showed an upregulation of PERIOD genes PER1 and PER3 after pharmacological/glucocorticoid challenge in vivo and in vitro. Read More

Environ Int 2018 Dec 3;123:124-131. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

MRC/PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy. Electronic address:

Exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) has been associated with adverse health outcomes but underlying biological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Two randomized crossover trials were used here, the Oxford Street II (London) and the TAPAS II (Barcelona) studies, where volunteers were allocated to high or low air pollution exposures. The two locations represent different exposure scenarios, with Oxford Street characterized by diesel vehicles and Barcelona by normal mixed urban traffic. Read More

Psychiatry Res 2018 Aug 7;271:306-310. Epub 2018 Aug 7.

Translational Science on Brain Disorders, Department of Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Department of Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.

The aim of this study was to assess the association between anhedonia and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a well-characterized community sample of individuals with a current depressive episode. This is a cross-sectional study with young adults aged 24-30 years old. Depressive episode and the presence of anhedonia was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview - Plus version (MINI Plus). Read More

Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018 Nov 26;81:74-83. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address:

Malaysia has an increasingly aging population. Despite the substantial benefits of physical activity for healthy aging, older adults are considered the most physically inactive segment of the Malaysian population. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of physical inactivity among older adults in Malaysia and its correlates. Read More

J Thorac Oncol 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.

Introduction: The study objective was to determine the incidence and characteristics of drug-induced interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with an orally available small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, crizotinib in the real-world clinical setting.

Methods: Post-marketing surveillance was performed in Japan to obtain information on the safety and efficacy of crizotinib. Target patients included all patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received crizotinib, during the enrollment period between May 2012 and December 2014. Read More

J Thorac Oncol 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.

Introduction: Quality of life (QoL) of comorbid patients with pulmonary malignancies is a key issue in considering stereotactic fractionated body radiotherapy (SBRT) indication. This study investigates the early impact of SBRT on QoL.

Methods: 100 patients with pulmonary lesions were treated with SBRT from 02/2011 to 11/2014 within the prospective, monocenter, phase II STRIPE trial. Read More

Int J Infect Dis 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.

Introduction: Anthrax is caused by the spore-forming, Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus anthracis. The aim of the study was to predict the potential distribution of B. anthracis in Tanzania and produce epidemiological evidence for management of anthrax outbreaks in the country. Read More

Pharmacol Ther 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.

The purpose of this paper is to provide an integrative review and offer novel insights regarding human research with classic psychedelics (classic hallucinogens), which are 5HT2AR agonists such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), mescaline, and psilocybin. Classic psychedelics have been administered as sacraments since ancient times. They were of prominent interest within psychiatry and neuroscience in the 1950s to 1960s, and during this time contributed to the emergence of the field of molecular neuroscience. Read More

J Microbiol Methods 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Indian Council Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India. Electronic address:

Brucellosis in pigs, caused by the bacterium Brucella suis, is an important zoonotic infection. In the present study, fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) was standardized and compared with indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) and competitive ELISA (cELISA) for diagnosis of porcine brucellosis. Test performances were evaluated using representative panel (n = 100), samples from swine brucellosis outbreak (n = 300), samples from brucellosis suspected animals (n = 291) and sera samples from apparently healthy animals (n = 1121). Read More

Infect Genet Evol 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. Electronic address:

Mycobacterium abscessus can cause true infection or be present in the host as a harmless colonist. The ability of M. abscessus to cause disease and develop drug resistance is known to have a genetic basis. Read More

J Invest Dermatol 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR China.

Some previously described environmental associations for atopic eczema (AE) may be due to reverse causation. We explored the role of reverse causation by comparing individual- and school-level results for multiple AE risk factors. ISAAC Phase Three surveyed children within schools (the sampling unit) on AE symptoms and potential risk factors. Read More

Gastroenterology 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Department of Epidemiology and Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.

Background & Aims: Increasing rates of young-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) have attracted substantial research and media attention, but we know little about racial disparities among younger adults with CRC. We examined racial disparities in young-onset CRC by comparing CRC incidence and relative survival among younger (age <50 years) adults, in 2 time periods.

Methods: Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program of cancer registries, we estimated CRC incidence rates (per 100,000 persons ages 20 - 54 years) from 1992 through 2014, for different time periods (1992-1996 vs 2010-2014) and races (white vs black). Read More

Acta Trop 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research Field Unit Jablpur, Epidemiology, ICMR-NIRTH Campus, Nagpur Road, 482003, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India. Electronic address:

The cost burden of malaria at the household level, resulting from complex social, economic, and epidemiological factors, is enormous. This study was carried out to estimate the economic burden of malaria at the household level in low and high malaria transmission areas of central India. We conducted surveys with households in which at least one member had suffered from malaria in the three months preceding the survey. Read More

Am J Med 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15/1, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Holy Cross Centre, 2210-2nd Street SW, Box ACB, Calgary, AB, T2S 3C3, Canada; Preventive Oncology & Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address:

Objective: Healthcare providers are encouraged to prescribe lifestyle modifications for preventing and managing obesity and associated chronic conditions. However, the pattern of lifestyle advice provision is unknown. We investigate the prevalence of advised lifestyle modification according to weight status and chronic conditions in a US nationally representative sample. Read More

PLoS Pathog 2018 Dec 6;14(12):e1007392. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Evolutionary and Computational Virology, Leuven, Belgium.

Despite ongoing efforts to control transmission, rabies prevention remains a challenge in many developing countries, especially in rural areas of China where re-emerging rabies is under-reported due to a lack of sustained animal surveillance. By taking advantage of detailed genomic and epidemiological data for the re-emerging rabies outbreak in Yunnan Province, China, collected between 1999 and 2015, we reconstruct the demographic and dispersal history of domestic dog rabies virus (RABV) as well as the dynamics of dog-to-dog and dog-to-human transmission. Phylogeographic analyses reveal a lower diffusion coefficient than previously estimated for dog RABV dissemination in northern Africa. Read More

PLoS One 2018 6;13(12):e0208824. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.

Objectives: To quantify changes in anticoagulant use in Australia since the introduction of Non-vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants (NOACs) and to estimate government expenditure.

Design: Interrupted-time-series analysis quantifying anticoagulant dispensing, before and after first Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) NOAC listing in August 2009 for venous thromboembolism prevention; and expanded listing for stroke prevention in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) in August 2013, up to June 2016. Estimated government expenditure on PBS-listed anticoagulants. Read More

PLoS One 2018 6;13(12):e0208485. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common micronutrient deficiency worldwide, and an important health problem especially in women of reproductive age. This study aimed to determine the relationship between IDA and sexual satisfaction and function among reproductive-aged Iranian women. In this study, 129 women (52 with IDA and 77 non-IDA) with age 18-45 in Mahshahr, Iran were recruited. Read More

PLoS One 2018 6;13(12):e0208585. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

UAB, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CRESA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.

Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) is one of the most widespread viral infections of swine, causing a remarkable economic impact because of direct losses and indirect costs for its control. As other ssDNA viruses, PCV-2 is characterized by a high evolutionary rate, leading to the emergence of a plethora of variants with different biological and epidemiological features. Over time, several attempts have been made to organize PCV-2 genetic heterogeneity in recognized genotypes. Read More

PLoS One 2018 6;13(12):e0208402. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.

Background: Malaysia has a comprehensive, publicly-funded immunization program for hepatitis B (HepB) among infants, but adults must pay for the vaccine. The number of HepB carriers among adults is expected to increase in the future; therefore, we examined the impact of five constructs (cues to action, perceived barriers, perceived benefit, perceived severity, and perceived susceptibility) on adults' willingness to pay (WTP) for HepB vaccine; secondarily, we examined the association between perceived barriers and perceived benefits.

Methods: Adults were selected through a stratified, two-stage cluster community sample in Selangor, Malaysia. Read More

PLoS One 2018 6;13(12):e0208531. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Strategic Information and Research, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.

Objective: In low resource settings, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) by allied health workers, has been suggested as an alternative for cervical cancer screening. However, there are concerns about the objectivity and time to diagnostic concordance with specialists. We evaluated the secular trend in interobserver agreement between nurse providers and a gynecologist/colposcopist over a five-year period. Read More

PLoS One 2018 6;13(12):e0208303. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Background: Health literacy (HL), defined as the ability to access, understand, appraise and apply health information, offers a promising approach to reduce the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and to improve the management of CVD in populations.

Design: We used data from nationwide cross-sectional German Health Update (GEDA2014/2015-EHIS) survey. 13,577 adults ≥ 40 years completed a comprehensive standardized paper or online questionnaire including the short form of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q16). Read More

PLoS One 2018 6;13(12):e0208398. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Stroke is a serious threat to human health that often leads to severe complications, and currently ranks first as leading cause of death in China. However, reliable data on stroke burden in China in the 21st century are lacking. We used the data from NESS-China (National Epidemiological Survey of Stroke in China) for assessing the adverse health effects of stroke in Chinese population. Read More

PLoS One 2018 6;13(12):e0208299. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Division of Women & Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.

Pakistani women suffer the highest rate of maternal mortality in South Asia. A lack of comprehensive knowledge about maternal and newborn health (MNH) services costs impedes policy decisions to maximize the benefit from existing, as well as emerging, MNH interventions in Pakistan. We compared MNH service costs at different levels of care. Read More

PLoS Genet 2018 Dec 6;14(12):e1007850. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America.

Domestic dog breeds exhibit remarkable morphological variations that result from centuries of artificial selection and breeding. Identifying the genetic changes that contribute to these variations could provide critical insights into the molecular basis of tissue and organismal morphogenesis. Bulldogs, French Bulldogs and Boston Terriers share many morphological and disease-predisposition traits, including brachycephalic skull morphology, widely set eyes and short stature. Read More

PLoS One 2018 6;13(12):e0208389. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, unit PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology & -Economics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Prescription sequence symmetry analysis (PSSA), a case-only design introduced in 1996, has been increasingly used to identify unintentional drug effects, and has potential applications as a hypothesis-testing and a hypothesis-generating method, due to its easy application and effective control of time-invariant confounders. The aim of this study is to systematically compare effect estimates from the PSSA to effect estimates from conventional observational parallel group study designs, to assess the validity and constraints of the PSSA study design. We reviewed the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases until February 2016 to identify studies that compared PSSA to a parallel group design. Read More

PLoS One 2018 6;13(12):e0208327. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America.

Scrub typhus is a mites-borne rickettsiosis caused by the obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi. The disease is potentially life threatening and is prevalent in tropical Asia, islands of the western Pacific Ocean and northern Australia where an estimated one million cases occur annually. Orientia tsutsugamushi is transmitted by the bite of larval mites in the genus Leptotrombidium. Read More

PLoS One 2018 6;13(12):e0208251. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

Background: Numerous clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are published to guide management of osteoporosis. Little is known about their quality or how recommendations have changed over time.

Objective: To systematically assess the quality and content of the guidelines on screening for osteoporosis, using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) tool, and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) standards for trustworthy guidelines. Read More

PLoS One 2018 6;13(12):e0208091. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France.

Background: Short versions of the European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-EU) questionnaire are increasingly used to measure and compare health literacy (HL) in populations worldwide. As no validated versions of these questionnaires have thus far appeared in French, this study aimed to study the psychometric properties of the French translation of the 16- and 6-item short versions (HLS-EU-Q16 and HLS-EU-Q6), including their measurement invariance across sex, age, and education level.

Methods: A consensual French version of the HLS-EU-Q16 and HLS-EU-Q6 was developed by following the current recommendations for transcultural questionnaire adaptation. Read More

PLoS One 2018 6;13(12):e0208203. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

IBM Research Australia, Southgate, Victoria, Australia.

Background: Dengue is the fastest spreading vector-borne viral disease, resulting in an estimated 390 million infections annually. Precise prediction of many attributes related to dengue is still a challenge due to the complex dynamics of the disease. Important attributes to predict include: the risk of and risk factors for an infection; infection severity; and the timing and magnitude of outbreaks. Read More

PLoS One 2018 6;13(12):e0202622. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Men who have sex with men (MSM) is the major risk population of HIV-1 infection in Taiwan, and its surveillance has become critical in HIV-1 prevention. We recruited MSM subjects from 17 high-risk venues and 4 community centers in northern and southern Taiwan for anonymous HIV-1 screening during 2013-2015. Blood samples were obtained for genotyping and phylogenetic analysis, and a questionnaire survey covering demographic variables and social behavior was conducted. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018 Dec 6;12(12):e0006803. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Zeeman Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.

Background: Age patterns in asymptomatic and symptomatic infection with Leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the Indian subcontinent (ISC), are currently poorly understood. Age-stratified serology and infection incidence have been used to assess transmission levels of other diseases, which suggests that they may also be of use for monitoring and targeting control programmes to achieve elimination of VL and should be included in VL transmission dynamic models. We therefore analysed available age-stratified data on both disease incidence and prevalence of immune markers with the aim of collating the currently available data, estimating rates of infection, and informing modelling and future data collection. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018 Dec 6;12(12):e0006890. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

World Health Organization, Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, Innovative and Intensified Disease Management, Geneva, Switzerland.

Background: Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a neglected tropical disease targeted for elimination 'as a public health problem' by 2020. The indicators to monitor progress towards the target are based on the number of reported cases, the related areas and populations exposed at various levels of risk, and the coverage of surveillance activities. Based on data provided by the National Sleeping Sickness Control Programmes (NSSCP), Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and research institutions-and assembled in the Atlas of HAT-the World Health Organization (WHO) provides here an update to 2016 for these indicators, as well as an analysis of the epidemiological situation. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018 Dec 6;12(12):e0006845. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.

Background: Diseases caused by Aedes-borne viruses, such as dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever, are emerging and reemerging globally. The causes are multifactorial and include global trade, international travel, urbanisation, water storage practices, lack of resources for intervention, and an inadequate evidence base for the public health impact of Aedes control tools. National authorities need comprehensive evidence-based guidance on how and when to implement Aedes control measures tailored to local entomological and epidemiological conditions. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018 Dec 6;12(12):e0006935. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Draper, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Background: Rainfall patterns are one of the main drivers of dengue transmission as mosquitoes require standing water to reproduce. However, excess rainfall can be disruptive to the Aedes reproductive cycle by "flushing out" aquatic stages from breeding sites. We developed models to predict the occurrence of such "flushing" events from rainfall data and to evaluate the effect of flushing on dengue outbreak risk in Singapore between 2000 and 2016. Read More

PLoS One 2018 6;13(12):e0202257. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

Objective: To determine whether a tailored multifaceted implementation strategy improves the initial management of patients with suspected encephalitis.

Design: Pragmatic two arm cluster randomised controlled trial.

Setting: Hospitals within the United Kingdom. Read More

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018 Dec 7;67(48):1333-1338. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC.

Uterine cancer is one of the few cancers with increasing incidence and mortality in the United States, reflecting, in part, increases in the prevalence of overweight and obesity since the 1980s (1). It is the fourth most common cancer diagnosed and the seventh most common cause of cancer death among U.S. Read More

Med J Aust 2018 Dec;209(11):510

Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Med J Aust 2018 Dec;209(11):474

School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW.

Climate plays an important role in human health and it is well established that climate change can have very significant impacts in this regard. In partnership with The Lancet and the MJA, we present the inaugural Australian Countdown assessment of progress on climate change and health. This comprehensive assessment examines 41 indicators across five broad sections: climate change impacts, exposures and vulnerability; adaptation, planning and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co-benefits; economics and finance; and public and political engagement. Read More

Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2018 Dec 6:1-3. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

e Department of Ophthalmology , Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA.

Int Braz J Urol 2018 Oct 30;44. Epub 2018 Oct 30.

Department of Neuro-Urology, CTO - Spinal Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.

Purpose: The aim of our study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ATOMS® system for the treatment of postoperative male stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all patients treated at our institution for postoperative male SUI with ATOMS® implant. We excluded patients with low bladder compliance (< 20 mL / cmH2O), uncontrolled detrusor overactivity, detrusor underactivity (BCI < 100), urethral or bladder neck stricture and low cystometric capacity (< 200 mL). Read More

Depress Anxiety 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) in college students is associated with substantial burden.

Aims: To assess 1-year incidence of MDD among incoming freshmen and predictors of MDD-incidence in a representative sample of students.

Method: Prospective cohort study of first-year college students (baseline: n = 2,519, 1-year follow-up: n = 958) RESULTS: The incidence of MDD within the first year of college was 6. Read More

Int J Cancer 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.

Diets rich in vegetables and fruit have been associated with reduced risk of gastric cancer, and there is suggestive evidence that citrus fruits have a protective role. This study aimed at evaluating and quantifying the association between citrus fruit consumption and gastric cancer risk. We conducted a one-stage pooled analysis including 6340 cases and 14,490 controls from 15 case-control studies from the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project consortium. Read More